Bab 4
Learning Objectives
Jelaskan proses yang harus diikuti dalam membangun sebuah situs e-commerce
Jelaskan isu utama seputar keputusan untuk melakukan outsourcing pengembangan dan / atau hosting yang
Mengidentifikasi dan memahami pertimbangan utama yang terlibat dalam memilih Server dan e-commerce software pedagang Server
Memahami isu-isu yang terlibat dalam memilih perangkat keras yang paling sesuai untuk situs e-commerce
Right-Sizing a Web Site? Use a Simulator
Simulator situs web seperti IBM High Volume Situs Web (HVWS) Simulator dapat membantu menjawab pertanyaan seperti
Berapa banyak Web server situs Anda tidak memerlukan Berapa banyak CPU harus setiap server memiliki
Bagaimana kuat apakah server database situs perlu
Apa jenis kecepatan koneksi yang Anda butuhkan untuk Internet
Right-Sizing a Web Site? Use a Simulator
Building an E-commerce Site: A
Systematic Approach
Dua tantangan manajemen yang paling
penting dalam membangun sebuah situs e-commerce yang sukses adalah:
Mengembangkan pemahaman yang jelas
tentang tujuan bisnis
Mengetahui bagaimana memilih teknologi
Pieces of the Site-Building Puzzle
Bidang utama di mana Anda akan perlu untuk membuat
keputusan dalam membangun sebuah situs meliputi:
Sumber daya manusia dan kemampuan organisasi -
menciptakan sebuah tim yang memiliki keterampilan set untuk membangun dan mengelola sebuah situs yang sukses
Pieces of the E-commerce Site-Building
Puzzle
The Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a
methodology for understanding the business
objectives of a system and designing an appropriate solution
Five major steps in the SDLC are: Systems analysis/planning
Systems design
Building the system Testing
Web Site Systems Development
Life Cycle
System Analysis/Planning: Identifying
Business Objectives, System Functionality,
and Information Requirements
Sasaran bisnis: daftar kemampuan Anda
ingin situs Anda memiliki
Sistem fungsi: daftar jenis-jenis kemampuan
sistem informasi yang Anda perlukan untuk mencapai tujuan bisnis Anda
Kebutuhan informasi: elemen informasi
Systems Analysis: Business Objectives,
System Functionality, and Information
Requirements for a Typical E-commerce Site
Systems Design: Hardware and
Software Platforms
Spesifikasi desain sistem: deskripsi dari komponen
utama dari sistem dan hubungan mereka satu sama lain. Desain sistem dapat dibagi menjadi dua bagian:
Desain logis meliputi:
Diagram dataflow yang menggambarkan arus informasi di situs, fungsi pengolahan yang harus dilakukan, dan database yang akan digunakan Keterangan keamanan dan sistem cadangan
darurat, dan kontrol yang akan digunakan
A Logical Design for a Simple Web Site
A Physical Design for a Simple Web Site
Building the System: In-House
versus Outsourcing
Outsourcing: menyewa vendor luar untuk menyediakan layanan
yang terlibat dalam membangun situs
Membangun keputusan Anda sendiri dibandingkan outsourcing di Membangun tim Anda sendiri membutuhkan dengan beragam
keahlian, pilihan perangkat lunak, baik risiko dan manfaat yang mungkin
Tuan rumah Anda sendiri terhadap outsourcing
Hosting: perusahaan hosting bertanggung jawab untuk
memastikan situs dapat diakses 24/7, untuk biaya bulanan
Insight on Business: The Small
Entrepreneur’s Edge
Outsourcing: menyewa vendor luar untuk menyediakan layanan yang terlibat dalam membangun situs
Membangun keputusan Anda sendiri dibandingkan outsourcing di Membangun tim Anda sendiri membutuhkan dengan beragam
keahlian, pilihan perangkat lunak, baik risiko dan manfaat yang mungkin
Tuan rumah Anda sendiri terhadap outsourcing
Hosting: perusahaan hosting bertanggung jawab untuk memastikan situs dapat diakses 24/7, untuk biaya bulanan Co-location: pembelian perusahaan atau sewa server Web
The Spectrum of Tools for Building
Your Own E-commerce Site
Costs of Customizing E-commerce
Packages
Key Players: Hosting/Co-location
Services
Testing, Implementation and Maintenance
pengujian:
Termasuk unit testing, pengujian sistem dan pengujian penerimaan
Implementasi dan pemeliharaan:
Pemeliharaan sedang berlangsung, dengan 20% dari waktu yang dihabiskan untuk debugging kode dan menanggapi situasi darurat, 20% dengan mengubah laporan, file data dan link ke database backend, dan 60% untuk administrasi umum dan membuat perubahan dan penyempurnaan sistem Benchmarking: proses dimana situs dibandingkan dengan
Insight on Technology: Buying
Something You Can’t See
Asuransi menggambarkan kelas produk yang
sulit untuk menggambarkan atau
membandingkan, dan karena itu sulit untuk berjualan secara online
Situs Web InsWeb.com menunjukkan
Simple versus Multi-tiered Web
Site Architecture
Sistem arsitektur: mengacu pada pengaturan
perangkat lunak, mesin, dan tugas dalam sistem informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai fungsi tertentu
Arsitektur dua-tier: Web server merespon permintaan
untuk halaman web dan server database menyediakan penyimpanan data backend
Arsitektur multi-tier: Web server terhubung dengan
Web Server Software
Semua situs e-commerce memerlukan
perangkat lunak Web server dasar untuk
menjawab permintaan HTTP dari pelanggan
Apache perangkat lunak server web
terkemuka, hanya bekerja dengan sistem operasi UNIX
Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)
Basic Functionality Provided by
Web Servers
Site Management Tools
Semua server web berisi alat manajemen
situs dasar yang memverifikasi bahwa link pada halaman masih berlaku dan juga
mengidentifikasi file yatim
Tambahan perangkat lunak manajemen situs
Dynamic Page Generation Tools
Generasi Halaman Dinamis : isi halaman web
disimpan sebagai obyek dalam database bukannya keras-kode dalam HTML, dan diambil bila diperlukan dari database
Alat termasuk CGI (Common Gateway
Interface), ASP (Active Server Pages), JSP (Java Server Pages), dll
Menurunkan biaya menu, memungkinkan
segmentasi pasar online yang mudah, dan
Application Servers
Web application servers: software programs
that provide specific business functionality required of a Web site
Are an example of middleware software A number of different types available,
Application Servers and Their Functions
E-commerce Merchant Server
Software Functionality
Provides the basic functionality needed for
online sales, including:
Online catalog Shopping cart
Merchant Server Software Packages
(E-commerce Suites)
Offer integrated environment that provides functionality and
capabilities needed to develop sophisticated, customer-centric site
Key factors to consider in choosing include:
Functionality
Support for different business models Business process modeling tools
Visual site management tools and reporting Performance and scalability
Connectivity to existing business systems Compliance with standards
Widely Used Midrange and
Choosing the Hardware for an
E-commerce Site
Hardware platform: refers to all the underlying
computing equipment that the system users to achieve e-commerce functionality
Objective to have enough platform capacity to
meet peak demand but not so much that you are wasting money
Important to understand the different factors
Right-Sizing Your Hardware
Platform: The Demand Side
Demand that customers put on a site the most
important factor affecting the speed of a site
Factors involved in demand include:
Number of simultaneous users in peak periods Nature of customer requests (user profile)
Type of content (dynamic versus static Web pages) Required security
Factors in Right-sizing an E-commerce
Platform
Degradation in Performance as
Number of Users Increases
Visitor Profile at Typical E-commerce
Sites
The Impact of Dynamic Page
Content on Web Servers
The Relationship of Bandwidth to Hits
Right-Sizing Your Hardware
Platform: The Supply Side
Scalability: refers to the ability of a site to
increase in size as demand warrants
Ways to scale hardware:
Vertically: increase the processing power
of individual components
Horizontally: employ multiple computers to
share the workload
Eight Vertical and Horizontal
Scaling Techniques
Web Site Design: Basic
Business Considerations
To achieve basic business functionality of a
Web site, need to be aware of design
guidelines and software tools that can build active content and functionality
Poorly designed Web sites drive customers
Web Site Features that Annoy
Customers
The Eight Most Important Factors in
Successful E-commerce Site Design
Tools for Interactivity and Active Content
CGI (Common Gateway Interface): Set of standards for
communication between a browser and a program running on a server that allows for interaction between the user and the server
ASP (Active Server Pages): Enables programmers using
Microsoft’s IIS package to build dynamic pages
Java: Allows programmers to create interactivity and active
content on the client computer
JSP (Java Server Pages): Similar to CGI and ASP; allows
developers to use a combination of HTML, JSP scripts and Java to dynamically generate Web pages in response to user requests
JavaScript: Programming language invented by Netscape that is
Tools for Interactivity and Active Content
(cont’d)
ActiveX: Programming language invented by
Microsoft to compete with Java
VBScript: Programming language invented by
Microsoft to compete with JavaScript
ColdFusion: An integrated server-side
Personalization Tools
Personalization: Ability to treat people based
on their personal qualities and prior history with your site
Customization: Ability to change the product
to better fit the needs of the customer
Cookies the primary method for achieving
The Information Policy Set
Privacy policy: Set of public statements
declaring how site will treat customers’
personal information that is gathered by site
Accessibility rules: Set of design objectives
Insight on Society: Design Your
Web Site for Accessibility
Section 508, Rehabilitation Act: Requires Web sites of
federally funded organizations to be accessible to users who are blind, deaf, blind and deaf, or unable to use a mouse
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): recent Federal district court decision ruled that ADA applies only to physical spaces, not virtual spaces such as Web
Design strategies that can improve accessibility include: Embedding text descriptions behind images
Allowing users to set color and font schemes
Adding screen magnification tools and sound labels
Case Study: REI: Multi-Channel
Champ Rebuilds Web Site
REI.com: World’s largest online retailer of outdoor gear Original version of site (launched September 1996) built
in-house, with off-the-shelf software tools and
Netscape’s Merchant Server software installed on an IBM RS/6000
Upgraded to IBM’s Net.Commerce server in 1998, launched 2nd Web site (rei-outlet.com), and migrated
rei.com to new system