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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Roberts and Jacobs (1995:49) say that novel is a fictional long prose work. In English, novel is adopted from French and Italy to describe these works and differentiate them from middle century and classical romance as a something new. In their books, they also said that there are four fiction aspects, fictional works consist of common elements, they are character, plot, structure and theme.
The novel is a fictitious prose narrative of considerable length in which characters and action respresentative of real life are portrayed in a plot of more or less complexity. Usually defined as a series of events described in a sequence. The novel come from the italian “Novella” and “Novelle” by German. The
meaning is a new thing but now meant as a short story in prose. At this time, novel has the same meaning in Italian and Germani. The Novella generally not as formally experimental as the long story and the novel generally retains something of unity of impresson that is a hallmark of the short story.
From the above statement, Novel is a fictional long prose work that adopted from french and Italy to describe these works and differentiante them from middle century and clasiccal romance as something new.
Roberts and Jacobs ( 1995- 88) say that plot is all the actions or incidents, speeches, thoughts, and observations are linked together to make up an entirety, sometimes called an organic unity. The essence of this unity is the development and resolution of a conflict in hich protagonist, or central character. The plot is interactions of causes and effects as they develop sequentially or chronologically. Plot is stories are made up mostly of actions or incidents that follow each other
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sequentially. Finding a sequential or narrative order, however, is only the first step toward the more inportant consideration. The plot is the controls governing the development of the actions. In a well-plotted story, things precede or follow each other not simply because time ticks away, but more importantly because effects follow causes.
From the above statement, plot is the parts that the conflict raising is climax in a story, but in this paper explained that the plot has mixed time. The novel story in future time, then flashback and repeat again until finally the plot finished in climax.
Roberts and Jacobs (1995 : 51) say that character is natural facsimile from the human with all good and bad characteristics. A story is usually related to big conflict of the character. It is probable to involve interaction with another character in complicated situation, or with idea or ordinary condition. The character may win, lose, or relevant. He or she can learn and become better for experience or maybe lose point and no change. Furthermore, according to Roberts and Jacobs, character is the verbal realization from human, personality which determines thoughts interview, action, and also comments.
The characters in fiction novel maybe defined as a verbal representation of a human being. Through action, speech, description and commentary authors portray character that are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are also characters you many laugh at, dislike, or even hate.
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The characters is revealed by how character respons to conflict, by his or her dialogue and through descriptions. The character in a story are the characters involve from the beginning until the ending part of the story ( plot ).
From the above statement, character is any representation of an individual being presented in draatic or narrative work through extended dramatic or verbal representation. Through action, speech, description, and commentary, authors portray characters who are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate.
Rene and Austin (1982:131) say that setting is concerned with the places where story take a place. Setting refers to geographical location of the story, time period, daily lifestyle of the character and climate of the story. Back ground elements can be devided into three main elements, namely a place, time, and social. Backgrounds on the location of the place suggest the occurrence of the events recounted in a work of fiction. The setting is important to give ealistic impression to the readers, created a certain situation at a glanced is really happened.
From the above statement, setting is a place in a story. It means to make readers now where and how the place is. It is important because it will give realistic impression to the reader.
