i ABSTRAK
Perkawinan merupakan ikatan antara dua insan manusia yang selalu melewati berbagai proses dan persoalan. Salah-satunya,menikahi wanita hamil karena zina Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaturan tentang zina, status dan akibat hukum dari menikahi wanita hamil karena zina dalam perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-undang Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.
Penelitian ini adakah yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui penelitian kepustakaan yang berasal dari bahan-bahan hukum dari Hukum Islam dan UU. No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan serta penelitian lapangan dalam bentuk wawancara. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pengaturan zina telah secara jelas diatur dalam Hukum Islam. Pelaku zina yang telah menikah dihukum rajam dan pelaku zina yang belum menikah dihukum cambuk, serta diasingkan selama satu tahun. Sedangkan dalam UU Perkawinan, hanya mengatur tentang status anak dari hasil hubungan zina yang memiliki hubungan perdata dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya. Perbuatan zina hanya diatur dalam KUHP dan Qanun Aceh No. 6/2014 tentang Hukum Jinayat yang berlaku di Aceh. Adapun status hukum menikahi wanita hamil karena zina dalam Hukum Islam adalah sah bagi pria yang menghamilinya. Sedangkan bagi pria yang bukan menghamilinya, terjadi perbedaan pendapat tentang keabsahannya status pernikahannya. Sedangkan menurut UU Perkawinan, menikahi wanita hamil karena zina secara tersirat menyatakan sah, jika dilakukan menurut hukum agama masing-masing pasangan. Bagi umat Islam Indonesia, sah menikahi wanita hamil karena zina, jika yang menikahi tersebut merupakan orang yang menghamilinya.
Akibat hukum menikahi wanita hamil karena zina menurut Hukum Islam anak yang dilahirkan setelah enam bulan perkawinan memiliki hubungan nasab, perwalian, waris dan hak nafkah dari kedua orang tuanya. Namun, jika anak tersebut lahir sebelum enam bulan pernikahan, maka tidak memiliki hubungan nasab, perwalian, waris dan hak nafkah dari bapaknya, kecuali adanya pengakuan dan pembuktian terhadap hubungan biologis anak tersebut. Sedangkan menurut UU Perkawinan, akibat hukumnya adalah anak yang dilahirkan memiliki hubungan nasab, wali nikah, kewarisan dan hak nafkah dari bapak yang menikahi ibunya, selama wanita hamil tersebut dinikahi dalam perkawinan yang sah. Namun, bagi anak di luar pernikahan yang sah, selain memiliki hak perdata dari ibu kandungnya, juga memiliki hak nafkah dari ayah biologisnya, selama dapat dibuktikan secara ilmiah berdasarkan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tahun 2012. Disarankan kepada pemerintah untuk membuat aturan hukum pemberian sanksi kepada pelaku zina. KUA hendaknyadiperluas wewenang untuk meminta rekomendasi dokter bagi pengantin perempuan untuk memperjelas kehamilannya sebagai syarat untuk dikawinkan dan pasangan yang menikah hendaknya bertaubat dan memahami akibat hukum dari pernikahan tersebut.
Kata kunci: pernikahan; perzinahan; wanita hamil karena zina.
ii ABSTRACT
A marriage is wedlock between two persons after passing various processes and problems. One of them is marrying a pregnant woman because of adultery. The research analyzed the regulation on adultery, status and legal consequences of marrying pregnant woman because of adultery from the perspective of the Islamic law and Law No 1/1974 on Marriage.
The research used judicial normative and descriptive analytic method. The data were gathered by conducting library research which came from legal materials from the Islamic law and Law No 1/1974 on Marriage and from field research in the form of interviews. The conclusion of the research was that the regulation on adultery is stipulated in the Islamic law. The perpetrator who has been married will be punished by rajam (stoned to death) and the perpetrator who is single will be punished by being whipped or segregated for one year. Meanwhile, Law on Marriage only regulates the status of a child from adultery in civil law with his mother and with his mother’s relatives. Adultery is only regulated in the Penal Code and Aceh Qanun No. 6/2014 on Jinayat law which is in effect in Aceh. Legal status in the Islamic law of a marriage with pregnant a woman because of adultery is valid for the man who has made her pregnant, while there is different opinion about the validity of marriage of a man who does not make her pregnant. According to the Marriage Law, a marriage with a pregnant woman is valid when it is done according to the couple’s religion. For the Indonesian Moslems, a marriage with a pregnant woman is valid when the man himself has made the woman pregnant.
The legal consequence of marrying a pregnant woman because of adultery is that the child who is born after the sixth month of marriage has relationship in kinship, guardianship, inheritance, and livelihood with his parents. However, if the child is born before the sixth month of marriage, he has not relationship in kinship, guardianship, inheritance, and livelihood with his father except there is evidence about their biological relationship. According to Marriage Law, the legal consequence of the child has the the relationship in kinship, guardianship, inheritance, and livelihood with the man who has married his mother since the pregnant woman is married legitimately. However, a child who is born from illegitimate marriage, will get the civil right from his mother and has the right for livelihood from his biological father when it can be proved scientifically based on the Ruling of the Constitutional Court in 2012. It is recommended that the government make a law on the sanction upon those who commit adultery. KUA (Religious Affairs Office0 should extend their authority by asking doctors’ recommendation about a woman’s pregnancy as the requirement for her marriage and the couple who want to get married should repent and understand the legal consequences of the marriage.
Keywords: Marriage, Adultery, Pregnant Woman Because of Adultery
