T r e n d H t j f t b M o d e r n T e i i u M U p I b n - I b o M n j e t i s T a k l i m D i D e s a T i r t a M n l y a K e c a n u t u M a k a r t i J a y a
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S e t e l a h k a m i p e r i k s a d a n d i a d a k a n p e r b a i k a n - p e r b a i k a n s e p e r l u n y a , m a k a s k r i p s i b e i j u d u l " T r e n d H i j a b M o d e r n T e r h a d a p I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m D i D e s a T i r t a M u l y a K e c a m a t a n M a k a r t i J a y a ( S u a t u T i n j a u a n P e n d i d i k a n I s l a m ) . " , d i t u l i s o l e h s a u d a r a / i G U R U H A R D I A N T O R O N i m 6 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 , t e l a h d a p a t d i a j u k a n d a l a m s i d a n g m u n a q a s y a h F a k u l t a s A g a m a I s l a m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .
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( S U A T U T I N J A U A N P E N D I D I K A N I S L A M )
Y a n g d i t u l i s o l e h S a u d a r a G U R U H A R D I A N T O R O . N I M 6 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 T e l a h d i m u n a q o s a h k a n d a n d i p e r t a h a n k a n
d i d e p a n p a n i t i a p e n g u j i s k r i p s i p a d a t a n g g a l 3 0 J u l i 2 0 1 5
S k r i p s i i n i t e l a h d i t e r i m a s e b a g a i s a l a h satu s y a r a t M e m p e r o l e h G e l a r S a r j a n a P e n d i d i k a n I s l a m ( S . P d . l )
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S u k s e s d i c a p a i d a n d i p e r t a h a n k a n o l e h m e r e k a y a n g m e n c o b a d a n t e r u s m e n c o b a . t i d a k a d a r u g i n y a m e n c o b a , d a n a d a s a t u j a i i j i b e s a r y a n g d i p e r o l e h j i k a m e n c a p a i
PERSEMBAHAN
Segala puji dan syukur kehadirat A L L A H S W T penguasa alam semesta, yang telah memberikan kesehatan jasmani dan rohani,
memberikan akal dan semangat untuk senantiasa bertawakal. Sholawat serta salam senantiasa tercurahkan bagi junjungan
N a b i M u h a m m a d SAW.
Ku persembahkan sekripsi ini kepada: My Beloved Parents
(Supri Ardiantoro dan Suratin,S.Pd.Sd)
Yang selalu ada dalam setiap keadaanku dan kekuatan serta do'a dalam setiap langkahku
Kedua adik tersayang
Figi Bangun Setiawan dan Ilham Asadar Rijal Yang telah memberikan dukungan serta doa kepadaku
Pendamping setiaku (Rinsa Jumawati,S.I.Kom)
Yang senantiasa menjadi inspirasi dan semangatku Sahabat-sahabat terbaikku
Yang selalu menemani dan berbagi dalam suka dan duka Seluruh angkatan 2011 yang tidak dapat disebut satu persatu jangan pernah lupa a k a n perjuangan kita didalam tawa dan tangis menjadi
satu demi menggapai sebuab gelar "S.Pd.l"
Almamaterku Tercinta
R A T A P E N G A N T A R
Bismillahirahmanirrahim.
AlhamdulillahirabbiValamin, segala p u j i d a n s y u k u r a t a s k e h a d i r a t A L L A H S W T k a r e n a b e r k a t r a h m a t d a n h i d a y a h - N y a p e n u l i s d a p a t i n e n y e l e s a i k a n s e k r i p s i i n i . S h a l a w a t serta s a l a m s e l a l u t e r c u r a h k e p a d a R o s u i u l l a h N a b i M u h a m m a d S A W , para sahabat, k e l u a r g a serta p e n g i k u t n y a .
P e n u i i s a n s k r i p s i b e r j u d u l " P e r s e p s i I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m T e r h a d a p P e m a k a i a n H i j a b B i a s a K e T e m H i j a b M o d e m D i D e s a T i r t a M u l y a K e c a m a t a n M a k a r t i J a y a ( S u a t u T i n j a u a n P e n d i d i k a n I s l a m ) " . I n i m e r u p a k a n s y a r a t b a g i p e n u l i s u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h g e l a r S a r j a n a P e n d i d i k a n I s l a m P a d a J u r u s a n T a r b i y a h P e n d i d i k a n A g a m a I s l a m , F a k u l t a s A g a t n a I s l a m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m r n a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .
P e n u l i s s a d a r b a h w a d a l a m s k r i p s i i n i m a s i h b a n y a k k e k u r a n g a n d a n j a u h d a r i k e s e m p u m a a n . H a l i n i d i s e b a b k a n o i e h k e t e r b a t a s a n k e m a m p u a n p e n u l i s . O l e h k a r e n a i t u p e n u l i s m e n g h a r a p k a n k r i t i k d a n saran y a n g m e m b a n g u n t e r h a d a p s k r i p s i y a n g s e d e r h a n a i n i g u n a l e b i h b e r m a n f a a t d i k e m u d i a n h a r i .
S k r i p s i i n i d a p a t t e r s e l e s a i k a n t i d a k terlepas d a r i b a n t u a n d a n d u k u n g a n berbagai p i h a k . P a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i p e n u l i s m e n g u c a p k a n t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a :
1. B a p a k H . M i d r i s , S E . , M s i . , S e l a k u R e k t o r U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g
3. I b u S r i y a n t i , S . P d . , M . P d d a n A y u M u n a w a r o h . S . A g . M . H u m S e l a k u P e m b i m b i n g S k r i p s i , t e r i m a k a s i h a t a s s e m a n g a t , a r a h a n , b i m b i n g a n , s o l u s i , d a n w a k t u s e l a m a i n i y a n g s a n g a t m e m b a n t u , s e r t a atas k e s a b a r a n y a n g d i b e r i k a n I b u s e l a m a p e n u l i s m e n j a l a n i p r o s e s b i m b i n g a n . 4 . B a p a k i b u s e l a k u d o s e n P e n g u j i y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n s a r a n d a n
k r i t i k , s e r t a m a s u k a n y a n g m e m b a n g u n t e r h a d a p s k r i p s i i n i a g a r m e n j a d i l e b i h b a i k .
5. S e l u r u h J a j a r a n D o s e n P e n g a j a r t e r i m a k a s i h atas w a w a s a n i l m u y a n g d i b e r i k a n , m o h o n m a a f a p a b i l a b a n y a k h a l y a n g k u r a n g b e r k e n a n .
6 . S e l u r u h s t a f F a k u l t a s A g a r n a I s l a m , U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g y a n g t i d a k d a p a t d i t u l i s s a t u persatu, t e r i m a k a s i h t e l a h b a n y a k m e m b a n t u p e n u l i s s e l a m a m e n u n t u t i l m u d i J u r u s a n T a r b i y a h .
7. S e l u r u h p e n g u r u s M a j e l i s T a k l i m A s - s a k i n a h d a n K e c a m a t a n M a k a r t i J a y a t e r i m a k a s i h u n t u k b a n t u a n d a n d u k u n g a n n y a , y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n i n f o r m a s i d a n d a t a s e h i n g g a s k r i p s i i n i dapat t e r s e l e s a i k a n .
9. U n t u k a d i k - a d i k k u F i g i B a n g u n S e t i a w a n d a n U h a m A s a d a r R i j a l t e r i m a k a s i h atas d o ' a n y a k a l i a n a d a l a h a d i k - a d i k k u y a n g l u a r biasa. 10. U n t u k M y B e o v e d t e r s a y a n g R i n s a J u r n a S a s a k u t r i m a k a s i h atas
m o t i f a s i n y a
1 1 . K e l u a r g a B e s a r J u r u s a n T a r b i y a h a n g k a t a n 2 0 1 1 , 2 0 1 2 , 2 0 1 3 , 2 0 1 4 y a n g g a k b i s a d i s e b u t i n s a t u p e r s a t u t e r i m a k a s i h atas k e b e r s a m a a n y a n g p e m a h t e r j a l i n s e l a m a p e n u l i s m e n e m p u h s t u d i d i k a m p u s t e r c i n t a .
12. B e r b a g a i p i h a k y a n g t e l a h m e m b a n t u b a i k s e c a r a l a n g s u n g m a u p u n t i d a k l a n g s u n g t e r w u j u d n y a k e l u l u s a n i n i .
S e m o g a b i m b i n g a n d a n b a n t u a n y a n g t e l a h d i b e r i k a n d a p a t b e r m a n f a a t d a n m e n j a d i a m a l s a l e h d i s i s i - N y a , d a n s k r i p s i y a n g s e d e r h a n a i n i d a p a t b e r m a n f a a t b a g i k i t a s e m u a . A m i n .
P a l e m b a n g , 18 F e b r u a r i 2 0 1 5 P e n u l i s ,
D A F T A R I S !
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T A L A M A N J U D U L t T A L A M A N P E R N Y A T A A N l i
T A L A M A N P E R S E T U J U A N I " T A L A M A N P E N G E S A H A N I v
H W A Y A T H I D U P V
H O T T O V i ' E R S E M B A H A N V i i
C A T A P E N G A N T A R V i i i
M F T A R I S I I x Y B S T R A K X
J A B I P E N D A H U L U A N 1 A L a t a r B e l a k a n g M a s a l a h 1
B R u m u s a n M a s a l a h 9 C B a t a s a n M a s a l a h 9 D T u j u a n P e n e l i t i a n 9 E K e g u n a a n P e n e l i t i a n 1 0 F K e r a n g k a T e o r i t i s 1 0 G M e t o d e P e n e l i t i a n 13
G . 1 P e n d e k a t a n P e n e l i t i a n K u a l i t a t i f . 13
G . 2 O b j e k P e n e l i t i a n 13 G . 3 I n f o r m a n P e n e l i t i a n 1 4
G . 4 J e n i s D a t a . 15 G . 5 T e k n i k P e n g u m p u l a n D a t a 15
G . 6 T e k n i k P e n g o l a h a n D a t a 17 G . 7 T e k n i k A n l i s a D a t a 1 7 H S i s t e m a t i k a P e m b a h a s a n 1 9
A B I I K A J I A N P U S T A K A 2 0 A P a k a i a n M e n u r u t A l - Q u r a n 2 0
B A u r a t W a n i t a 2 4 C P a n d a n g a n K o n t e m p o r e r M e n g e n a i H i j a b 2 6
D D e f i n i s i H i j a b D a n S e j a r a h n y a 2 7
G B e r h i j a b D e n g a n I s t i q a m a h 3 5
H T r e n M o d e H i j a b 3 6
B A B I I I K O N D I S I O B J E K T I F P E N E L I T I A N 3 9 A L o k a s i D a n L e t a k G e o g r a f i s P e n e l i t i a n 3 9 B S e j a r a h P e r k e m b a n g a n M a j e l i s T a k l i m 4 0
C V i s i d a n M i s i M a j e l i s T a k l i m 4 1 D O r i e n t a s i M a j e l i s T a k l i m 4 1 E S t r u k t u r O r g a n i s a s i 4 2
B A B I V A N A L I S A D A T A
A P e r s e p s i I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m T e r h a d a p P e m a k a i a n H i j a b 4 3 M o d e m
1 P e r s e p s i I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m T e r h a d a p T r e n d H i j a b 4 3 M o d e m
2 T r e n d H i j a b d i K a l a n g a n I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m D a l a m 5 3 K o n t e k s K e h i d u p a n S o s i a l
3 F a k t o r - F a k t o r P e n d o r o n g I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m D a l a m 6 2 M e n g e n a k a n T r e n H i j a b M o d e m
B T r e n d H i j a b M o d e m D a l a m M e n d o r o n g K e a k t i f a n M a j e l i s 7 0 T a k l i m
C P e r a n M a j e l i s T a k l i m D a l a m M e n y i k a p i P e r u b a h a n T r e n d H i j a b 8 0 M o d e m D i K a l a n g a n I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m
J A B V K E S I M P U L A N D A N S A R A N
A K e s i m p u l a n 9 1 B S a r a n 9 2 > A F T A R P U S T A K A
D a f t a r T a b e l
N o H a l a m a n 1 . T a b e l I I n f o r m a n P e n e l i t i a n 15
2 . T a b e l 11 T r e n d H i j a b M o d e m T e r h a d a p I b u - I b u 5 1 M a j e l i s T a k l i m
3 . T a b e l I I I P e r k e m b a n g a n T r e n d H i j a b D i K a l a n g a n I b u - I b u M a j e l i s 6 0 T a k l i m D a l a m K o n t e k s K e h i d u p a n S o s i a l
4 . T a b e l I V F a k t o r - F a k t o r P e n d o r o n g I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m D a l a m 6 9 M e n g e n a k a n T r e n d H i j a b M o d e m
5 . T a b e l V P e r a n A k t i f I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m D a l a m M e n g i k u t i 7 9 P e r u b a h a n T r e n d H i j a b M o d e m
ABSTRAK
T r e n d H i j a b M o d e r n T e r h a d a p I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m D i D e s a T i r t a M u l y a K e c a m a t a n M a k a r t i J a y a
( S u a t u T i n j a u a n P e n d i d i k a n I s l a m ) O l e h
G u r u h A r d i a n t o r o
G u r u h a r d i a n t o r o ,62 2011 012. S k r i p s i d e n g n j u d u l T r e n d H i j a b M o d e r e n T e r h a d a p I b u I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m D i D e s a T i r t a m u l y a K e c a m a t a n M a k a r t i J a y a ' ( S u a t u T i n j a u a n P e n d i d i k a n I s l a m )
L a t a r B e l a k a n g M a s a i a h n y a adalah P e n g g u n a a n t r e n d h i j a b d i k a l a n g a n i b u -i b u d a p a t k -i t a l -i h a t p a d a s a l a h s a t u k e l o m p o k m a j e l -i s t a k l -i m d -i d e s a m a k a r t -i J a y a , t e r l i h a t b a h w a p a r a i b u - i b u m a j e l i s t a k l i m s a n g a t k r e a t i f d a l a m h a l p o s i t i f . P a r a d i g m a t e r s e b u t m e r u p a k a n h a ! p o s i t i f d a l a m p e n g e m b a n g a n d u n i a f a s h i o n d a n k e a k i f a n d a l a m m e n g a m a l k a n a j a r a n a g a m a i s l a m . K e g i a t a n m a j e l i s t a k l i m d i l i n g k u n g a n i b u - i b u p e n g a j i a n s e l a i n sebagai t e m p a t d a l a m p e n g a m a l a n a j a r a n a g a m a i s l a m j u g a s e b a g a i t e m p a t b e r b a g i d a l a m t a t a c a r a t r e n d h i j a b .
M a s a l a h y a n g d i t c l i t i d a l a m s k r i p s i i n i a d a l a h B a g a i m a n a p e r s e p s i i b u i b u m a j e l i s t a k l i m t e r h a d a p p e m a k a i a n h i j a m m o d e m , A p a k a h d e n g a n a d a n y a p e r u b a h a n t r e n d h i j a b m o d e m m a m p u m e n d o r o n g k e a k t i f a n m a j e l i s t a k l i m , B a g a i m a n a p e r a n m a j e l i s t a k l i m d a l a m m e n y i k a p i p e r u b a h a n t r e n d h i j a b m o d e m .
T u j u a n d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i p e r s e p s i i b u - i b u m a j e l i s t a k l i m t e r h a d a p p e m a k a i a n t r e n d h i j a b m o d e m , a p a k a h d e n g a n a d a n y a p e r u b a h a n t r e n d h i j a b b i a s a k e t r e n d h i j a b m o d e m m a m p u m e n d o r o n g k e a k t i f a n m a j e l i s t a k l i m d a n b a g a i m a n a p e r a n m a j e l i s t a k l i m d a l a m m e n y i k a p i p e r u b a h a n t r e n d h i j a b m o d e m .
H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a s e c a r a u m u m d a l a m p e r k e m b a n g a n t r e n d h i j a b m o d e m d i k a l a n g a n i b u - i b u m a j e l i s t a k l i m p a d a saat i n i , l e b i h m e n g a r a h p a d a p e r u b a h a n p e n g g u n a a n h i j a b p a d a b u d a y a p o p u l e r , y a k n i p e n g g u n a a n h i j a b y a n g d i p e n g a r u h i t r e n d y a n g s e d a n g b e r k e m b a n g .
S a r a n , k e p a d a i b u i b u m u s l i m a h y a n g b e l u m m e m a h a m i s y a r i ' a t i s l a m d a l a m m e n g g u n a k a n h i j a b , d i h a r a p k a n m a m p u m e n g e m b a n g k a n s p i r i t u a l d a l a m d i r i m e r e k a . S e h i n g g a a p a y a n g d i l a k u k a n a n g g o t a d a l a m m e n g g u n a k a n h i j a b y a n g d i d a s a r k a n d e n g a n n i l a i o a g a m a dapat d i l a k u k a n s e s u a i s y a r i ' a t i s l a m .
B A B I P E N D A H U L U A N
A . L a t a r B e l a k a n g M a s a l a h
M a n u s i a s e l a l u m e n g a l a m i p e r u b a h a n d a l a m s e t i a p w a k t u s e l a m a h i d u p b a i k s e c a r a i n d i v i d u m a u p u n s e c a r a k o l e k t i f d a l a m k o n t e k s k e h i d u p a n m a s y a r a k a t . P e r u b a h a n d a l a m b e r b a g a i m a c a m s e k t o r y a n g t e r j a d i p a d a k e l o m p o k m a s y a r a k a t d i s e b u t s e b a g a i p e r u b a h a n s o s i a l . P e r u b a h a n s o s i a l m e n c a k u p p e r u b a h a n d a l a m b e r b a g a i s e k t o r , s a l a h s a t i m y a m o d e p a k a i a n ( f a s h i o n ) . F a s h i o n m e r u p k a n b a g i a n d a r i g a y a h i d u p m a s y a r a k a t d i d u n i a , d e n g a n b e r b a g a i m a c a m j e n i s d a n m o d e y a n g t e r u s m e n g a l a m i d i n a m i k a ( p e r u b a h a n ) . M u l a i d a r i m o d e
-m o d e y a n g b e r k i b l a t d a r i d u n i a t i -m u r s -m p a i t r a n d f a s h i o n y a n g d i i l h a -m i b a n g s a b a r a t .
M o d e s e b a g a i b a g i a n d a r i b u d a y a p o p u l e r , m e n g a l a m i p e r k e m b a n g a n c u k u p p e s a t d i s e l u r u h d u n i a y a n g d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h b e r b a g i f a k t o r , a n t a r a l a i n m e d i a . S a l a h s a t u b e n t u k m o d e p a k a i a n y a n g t e n g a h p o p u l e r s a a t i n i a d a l a h t r a n d h i j a b , y a n g t i d a k h a n y a b o o m i n g d i i n d o n e s i a n a m u n j u g a d i s e l u r u h d u n i a . S e c a r a b a h a s a , j i l b a b b e r a s a l d a r i b a h a s a a r a b j a l a b a , y a n g b e r a r t i " m e n g h i m p u n " a t a u " m e m b a w a " . '
M e m a n g s u d a h m e n j a d i p e r a t u r a n A l l a h S W T , b a h w a b u s a n a j i l b a b i t u d i k h u s u s k a n b a g i w a n i t a m u s l i m a t d a n w a n i t a m u k m i n a t .
S e b a g a i m a n a A l l a h S W T b e r f i r m a n d a l a m Q u r ' a n S u r a l A l - A h z a b a y a t 5 9 , u t a m a n y a m e n g e n a i m a s a l a h m e m a k a i j i l b a b i n i . B e r i k u t a d a l a h a y a t y a n g m e n u n j u k k a n d i w a j i b k a n n y a w a n i t a m e m a k a i j i l b a b :
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H a i N a b i , k a t a k a n l a h k e p a d a i s t e r i i s t e r i m u , a n a k a n a k p e r e m p u a n m u d a n i s t e r i -i s t e r -i o r a n g m u k m -i n ; " H e n d a k l a h m e r e k a m e n g u l u r k a n j -i l b a b n y a k e s e l u r u h t u b u h m e r e k a " . Y a n g d e m i k i a n i t u s u p a y a m e r e k a l e b i h m u d a h u n t u k d i k e n a l , k a r e n a i t u m e r e k a t i d a k d i g a n g g u . D a n A l l a h a d a l a h M a h a P e n g a m p u n l a g i M a h a P e n y a y a n g . ( Q S : A l - A h z a b A y a t : 5 9 )
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K a t a k a n l a h k e p a d a w a n i t a y a n g b e r i m a n : " H e n d a k l a h m e r e k a m e n a h a n p a n d a n g a n n y a , d a n k e m a l u a n n y a , d a n j a n g a n l a h m e r e k a m e n a m p a k k a n p e r h i a s a n n y a , k e c u a l i y a n g ( b i a s a ) n a m p a k d a r i p a d a n y a . D a n h e n d a k l a h m e r e k a
m e n u t u p k a n k a i n k u d u n g k e d a d a n y a , d a n j a n g a n l a h m e n a m p a k k a n p e r h i a s a n n y a k e c u a l i k e p a d a s u a m i m e r e k a . a t a u a y a h m e r e k a , a t a u a y a h s u a m i m e r e k a , a t a u p u t e r a p u t e r a m e r e k a , a t a u p u t e r a p u t e r a s u a m i m e r e k a , a t a u s a u d a r a s a u d a r a l a k i -l a k i m e r e k a , a t a u p u t e r a - p u t e r a s a u d a r a -l e -l a k i m e r e k a . a t a u p u t e r a - p u t e r a s a u d a r a p e r e m p u a n m e r e k a , a t a u w a n i t a - w a n i t a i s l a m , a t a u b u d a k - b u d a k y a n g m e r e k a m i l i k i , a t a u p e l a y a n - p e l a y a n l a k i - l a k i y a n g t i d a k m e m p u n y a i k e i n g i n a n ( t e r h a d a p w a n i t a ) a t a u a n a k - a n a k y a n g b e l u m m e n g e r t i t e n t a n g a u r a t w a n i t a . D a n j a n g a n l a h m e r e k a m e m u k u l k a n k a k i n y u a a g a r d i k e t a h u i p e r h i a s a n y a n g m e r e k a s e m b u n y i k a n . D a n b c r t a u b a t l a h k a m u s e k a l i a n k e p a d a A l l a h , h a i o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g b e r i m a n s u p a y a k a m u b e r u n t u n g . ( Q S : A n - N u u r A y a t ; 3 1 )
D u a a y a t i n i s a l i n g m e n e g a s k a n , s a n g a t selaras m e n j e l a s k a n a t u r a n b e r p a k a i a n b a g i m u s l i m a h . J i l b a b ( h i j a b ) t a k h a n y a s e k e d a r s e b a g a i p e n u t u p k e p a l a a k a n t e t a p i k i n i t e l a h m e n j a d i t r a n d m o d e y a n g dapat d i j a n g k a u s e m u a l a p i s a n m a s y a r a k a t .
J i l b a b y a n g s a a t i n i m e n j a d i t r e n d m e m i l i k i d i n a m i k a y a n g c u k u p p a n j a n g . J i k a d i t a r i k b e b e r a p a t a h u n k e b e l a k a n g , b e r b a g a i k a s u s t e n t a n g p e l a r a n g a n j i l b a b b a n y a k t e r j a d i d i n e g a r a - n e g a r a s e k u l e r . M a r a k n y a m u s l i m a h y a n g b e r j i b a b d i n e g r i i n i t e n t u t t d a k t e r j a d i d e n g a n s e m e r t a m e r t a . J i l b a b t u m b u h s u b u r d i n e g r i I n i m e l a l u i p e r j u a n g a n , p e n g o r b a n a n , a i r m a t a , d a n d e r i t a p a n j a n g para m u s l i m a h . S e t i d a k n y a , s e j a r a h m e n c a t a t b a h w a p e r j u a n g a n k a u m j i l b a b e r m u l a i m a r a k s e j a k t a h u n a w a ! 1 9 8 0 - a n . M e s k i p u n s e b e l u m n y a t e n t u j u g a s u d a h a d a u p a y a k e a r a h Sana. S e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i t u l i s d a l a m s e j a r a h , p a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 3 , t e r j a d i p e r d e b a t a n i h w a l p e n g g u n a a n j i l b a b d i s e k o l a h a n t a r a M e n t e r i P e n d i d i k a n d a n K e b u d a y a a n , N o e g r o h o N o t o s o e n t a n t o y a n g k e m u d i a n d i r e s p o n o l e h M a j e l i s U l a m a I n d o n e s i a ( M U I ) . ^
^ Rabbani, Abu Fathi. Kisah-Kisah Dahsyat P a r a M u s l i m a h d a r i S e l u r u h D u n i a 2014. (Surakarta:Ahad Books), hal. 31
S e t i d a k n y a , s e j a r a h m e n c a t a t b a h w a p e r j u a n g a n k a u m j i l b a b e r m u l a i m a r a k s e j a k t a h u n a w a ! 1 9 8 0 - a n . M e s k i p u n s e b e l u m n y a t e n t u j u g a s u d a h a d a u p a y a k e a r a h S a n a . S e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i t u l i s d a l a m s e j a r a h , p a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 3 . t e r j a d i p e r d e b a t a n i h w a l p e n g g u n a a n j i l b a b d i s e k o l a h a n t a r a M e n t e r i P e n d i d i k a n d a n K e b u d a y a a n , N o e g r o h o N o t o s o e n t a n t o y a n g k e m u d i a n d i r e s p o n o l e h M a j e l i s U l a m a I n d o n e s i a ( M U I ) . ^
T r e n d f a s h i o n m e l a h i r k a n k o m u n i t a s d e n g a n b a s i s b u d a y a , k e s u k a a n , e t n i k , g a y a h i d u p , k o m u n i t a s f a s h i o n , h i n g g a k o m u n i t a s h o b i . S a l a h s a t u n y a m u n c u l n y a k o m u n i t a s i b u - i b u m a j e l i s t a k l i m d e n g a n t r a n d h i j a b y a n g s e d a n g d i g a n d r u n g i o l e h k a l a n g a n i b u - i b u m a j e l i s t a k l i m . S a l a h s a t u m u n c u l n y a t r a n d h i j a b y a n g m e n u n j u k k a n c o n t o h a d a n y a k e c e n d e n m g a n p e r g e s e r a n p a d a m a s y a r a k a t p o s t m o d e r e n u n t u k m e m b e n t u k k o m u n i t a s y a n g s e s u a i d e n g a n i d e n t i t a s d a n p i l i h a n p r i b a d i n y a .
T a m p i l c a n t i k d a n m o d i s d e n g a n g a y a e l e g a n , f e m i n i m a t a u s i m p l e k i n i d a p a t d i n i k m a t i d a l a m b a l u t a n b u s a n a m u s l i m , t e r u t a m a b u s a n a m u s l i m a h y a n g m e n g a l a m i m o d i f i k a s i s e d e m i k i a n r u p a . B u s a n a m u s l i m a h y a n g b i a s a d i k e n a l d e n g a n s e b u t a n j i l b a b , s a a t i n i t e l a h m e n j a d i t r e n d b a r u d a l a m b e r p e n a m p i l a n . K e b e r a d a a n j i l b a b t e l a h d i t e r i m a s e c a r a l u a s d i b e r b a g a i l i n g k u n g a n d a n s t a t u s s o s i a l . K i n i t i d a k a d a l a g i p e m b e d a a n s t a t u s d a n p e r l a k u a n a n t a r a y a n g b e r j i l a b a b d a n y a n g t i d a k . J i l b a b m o d e m d i n i l a i l e b i h f l e k s i b e l d a n d a p a t d i k o m b i n a s i k a n
d e n g a n b e r b a g a i b u s a n a l a i n . G a y a m e m a k a i j i l b a b s a a t i n i m e n j a d i l e b i h k r e a t i f d a n v a r i a t i f .
M e m a k a i j i l b a b s e k a r a n g t i d a k h a n y a s e k e d a r m e n g g u n a k a n k a i n b e s a r y a n g m e n u t u p i s e m u a b a g i a n t u b u h , t e t a p i p a r a p e n g g u n a j i l b a b d a p a t b e r k r e a s i . M a r a k n y a m o d e l j i l b a b y a n g s e s u a i d e n g a n k o n d i s i l i n g k u n g a n p a d a s a a t i n i s e m a k i n m e n d o r o n g w a n i t a m e m i l i h j i l b a b d a l a m b e r b u s a n a k e s e h a r i a n n y a . A p a l a g i u k u r a n t r e n d h i j a b p a d a s a a t i n i t i d a k h a n y a d i k a l a n g a n r e m a j a n a m u n t e r j a d i d i s e m u a k a l a n g a n . S e p e r t i h a l n y a t e r j a d i d i k a l n g a n i b u - i b u p e n g a j i a n m a j e l i s t a k l i m .
K i n i b a g i s e b a g i a n b e s a r w a n i t a b e r j i l b a b t i d a k h a n y a c u k u p d i p a h a m i s e m a t a - m a t a s e b a g a i u n g k a p a n t a k w a w a n i t a m u s l i m . B a g i k a l a n g a n o r a n g m o d e m b u s a n a m u s l i m i t u s e n d i r i t e l a h m e n j a d i b a g i a n d a r i p e m b a h a n s c l e r a m o d e b e r p a k a i a n . P e s a t n y a p e r k e m b a n g a n t r e n d j i l b a b m e n d o r o n g w a n i t a u n t u k m e n g e k s p r e s i k a n i d e n t i t a s m o d e m d a n k e a g a m a a n n y a .
H i j a b k i n i h a m p i r d i k e n a l s e m u a k a l a n g a n k h u s u s n y a i b u - i b u m a j e l i s t a k l i m p e n g a j i a n .
K o m u n i t a s h i j a b e r s a d a l a h k o m u n i t a s h i j a b k o n t e m p o r e r y a n g t e r d i r i a t a s s e k u m p u l a n o r a n g y a n g i n g i n t e r l i h a t s a m a d a l a m b e r g a y a d a n b e r b u s a n a . K o m u n i t a s i n i m e n g e m b a n g k a n t r e n d b a r u b e r k e r u d u n g b a g i w a n i t a m u s l i m . P e r k e m b a n g a n k o m u n i t a s i n i b e g i t u c e p a t d a n m e n j a m u r d i b e b e r a p a k o m u n i t a s k h u s u n y a p e r k u m p u l a n d i m a j e l i s t a k l i m . S e b a g a i m a n a k i t a k e t a h u i A l - Q u r a n a d a l a h k i t a b y a n g m e m b a w a p e m b a r u a n p a d a k a u m w a n i t a d i t e n g a h k e m a j u a n p o l a p o k i r k e b a n y a k a n p e r a d a b a n d u n i a t e n t a n g w a n i t a . ^
S u a t u u m a t t i d a k a k a n b e r d i r i d e n g a n t e g a k k e c u a l i a p a b i l a u m a t i t u d a p a t b e k u m p u l d a l a m s u a t u o r g a n i s a s i , t e m p a t o r g a n i s a s i i t u d a p a t m e n j a m i n a d a n y a i k a t a n k e r j a y a n g k u k u h - k u a t s e h i n g g a m e n j a d i s a t u k e s a t u a n u m a t y a n g h i d u p l a k s a n a s a t u t u b u h ^ . P e r k u m p u l a n i b u - i b u p e n g a j i a n m a j e l i s t a k l i m d i d a l a m s u a t u d a e r a h m e r u p a k a n s a J a h s a t u c o n t o h a d a n y a i k a t a n k e i j a d a l a m h a l p e n g e m b a n g a n d a n m e n e r a p k a n k a j i a n - k a j i a n i s i a m i .
M a j e l i s t a k l i m m e m p u n y a i p o t e n s i d a s a r d a l a m m e m b a n g k i l k a n m a s y a r a k a t d a l a m p e m b a n g u n a n . M a j e l i s t a k l i m a d a l a h t e m p a t m e m e l i h a r a k e h i d u p a n b e r a g a m a y a n g b a i k d a n t e m p a t m e m u p u k s e m a n g a t u k h u w a h i s l a m i y a h a t a u p e r s a u d a r a a n i s l a m . ^ P o t e n s i d a s a r m a j e l i s t a k l i m s e l a i n m e m b a n g k i t k a n d a l a m p e m b a n g u n a n i s l a m j u g a m e m c i p t a k a n p o t e n s i d i r i d a l a m
^ Felix Y . Siauw. Y u k berhijab. 2013. (Bandung; Mizania), hal. 36
p e n a m p i l a n a t a u f a s h i o n . P e n g g u n a a n b u s a n a d a n h i j a b p a d a i b u - i b u m a j e l i s t a k l i m a d a l a h h a l u t a m a y a n g m e n d o r o n g a d a n y a t r e n d h i j a b d a r i m a s a k e m a s a .
B a n y a k a l a s a n k a u m w a n i t a y a n g s u d a h b e r s u a m i u n t u k b e r h i j a b , a l a s a n t e r s e n d i r i w a n i t a m u s l i m d a l a m b e r h i j a b a d a l a h k a r e n a p e r i n t a h s u a m i , k e h i d u p a n l i n g k u n g a n s e k i t a r d a n t e n t u k a r e n a k e i n g i n a n d a r i d a l a m h a t i . S a a t i n i w a n i t a b e r k r u d u n g a d a l a h b u k a n h a l y a n g t a b u l a g i u n t u k k i t a l i h a t d i d a l a m b e r b a g a i d a e r a h , d i t a m b a h d e n g a n a d a n y a k o m u n i t a s m a j e l i s t a k l i m d i s e t i a p l i n g k u n g a n p a d a s a a t i n i . M e m u n g k i n k a n b a n y a k n y a i b u - i b u u n t u k m e n g g u n a k a n j i l b a b d i d a l a m r u m a h m a u p u n d i l u a r r u m a h , t e n t u t i d a k h a n y a d a l a m a c a r a m a j e l i s t a k l i m , d e n g a n a d a n y a p e r u b a h a n d i k a l a n g a n i b u - i b u i n i m e n y e b a b k a n k e r u d u n g p a d a s a a t i n i k i a n m o d e m . K e m d u n g m e m p a k a n p e n u t u p k e p a l a y a n g b a n y a k s e k a l i v e r s i d a l a m s e t i a p p e m a k a i a n n y a , s e p e r t i k i t a l i h a t p a d a s a a t i n i b a n y a k n y a i b u - i b u y a n g m e n g e n a k a n h i j a b m o d e m y a n g k i a n b e r k e m b a n g h i n g g a s e l u r u h d u n i a . T r e n d h i j a b m e m p a k a n s a l a h s a t u p a r a d i g m a y a n g t e l a h t e i j a d i d i s e l u r u h l a p i s a n m a s y a r a k a t m t r e n h i j a b t i d a k h a n y a t e r j a d i d i k o t a - k o t a b e s a r , n a m u n t e l a h m e r a m b a h h i n g g a k e d e s a - d e s a . P a r a d i g m a t e r s e b u t t e n t u t i d a k l e p a s d a r i p a r a d i g m a d u n i a y a n g s e m a k i n h a r i s e m a k i n b e r v a r i a s i .
Islam). P e n e l i t i a n i n i a k a n d i l a k s a n a k a n d i d e s a t i r t a m u l y a k e c a m a t a n m e k a r l i j a y a , D a r i p e n e l i t i a n i n i a k a n d i k e l a h u i b a g a i m a n a k a h p e r s e p s i i b u - i b u m a j e l i s
t a k l i m t e r h a d a p p e m a k a i a n t r e n h i j a b b i a s a k e t r e n h i j a b m o d e r n y a n g d i t i n j a u d a r i p e n d i d i k a n i s l a m .
B . R u m u s a M a s a l a h
B e r d a s a r k a n latar b e l a k a n g d i a t a s m a k a dapat d i r u m u s k a n m a s a l a h sebagai b e r i k u t :
1. B a g a i m a n a k a h p e r s e p s i i b u - i b u m a j e l i s t a k l i m t e r h a d a p p e m a k a i a n h i j a b m o d e m ?
2 . A p a k a h d e n g a n a d a n y a p e r u b a h a n t r e n d h i j a b m o d e m m a m p u m e n d o r o n g k e a k t i f a n m a j e l i s t a k l i m ?
3. B a g a i m a n a p e r a n m a j e l i s t a k l i m d a l a m m e n y i k a p i p e r u b a h a n t r e n d h i j a b m o d e m ?
C . B a t a s a n M a s a l a h
U n t u k m e n g h i n d a r i k e k e l i r u a n d a l a m p e m b a h a s a n m a s a l a h i n i , m a k a p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i b a t a s i d a l a m h a l :
M a s a l a h y a n g a k a n d i b a h a s a d a l a h T r e n d H i j a b M o d e r e n T e r h a d a p I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m D i D e s a T i r t a M u l y a K e c a m a t a n M a k a r t i J a y a .
D . T u j u a n
T u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i :
1. U n t u k m e n g e t a h u i b a g a i m a n a k a h persepsi i b u - i b u m a j e l i s t a k l i m t e r h a d a p p e m a k a i a n t r e n d h i j a b m o d e m .
2 . U n t u k m e n g e t a h u i a p a k a h d e n g a n a d a n y a p e r u b a h a n t r e n d h i j a b b i a s a k e t r e n d h i j a b m o d e m m a m p u m e n d o r o n g k e a k t i f a n m a j e l i s t a k l i m .
£ . Kegunaan Penelitian
a. K e g u n a a n P r a k t i s
H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t m e m b e r i k a n m a s u k a n b a g i p e n g u r u s j a m a a h m a j e l i s t a k l i m , d a n d a p a t m e n a m b a h w a w a s a n i b u - i b u p e n g a j i a n
m a j e l i s t a k l i m d a l a m m e n y i k a p i p e r u b a h a n t r e n d h i j a b m o d e m . b . K e g u n a a n A k a d e m i s
( 1 ) B a g i U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g f a k u l t a s A g a m a I s l a m J u r u s a n T a r b i y a h , d e n g a n a d a n y a p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i p u s t a k a b a g i p e n e l i t i s e l a n j u t n y a d a s a r u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n y a n g l e b i h l a n j u t .
( 2 ) H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t m e m p e r k a y a k h a z a n a h i l m u p e n d i d i k a n a g a m a i s l a m , k h u s u s n y a y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n k a j i a n T r e n d H i j a b M o d e m T e r h a d a p I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m D i D e s a T i r t a M u l y a K e c a m a t a n M a k a r t i J a y a ( S u a t u T i n j a u a n P e n d i d i k a n I s l a m ) .
F . Kerangka Teoritis
-i b u d a l a m s u a t u d a e r a h y a n g b e r f t -i n g s -i u n t u k m e n g a m a l k a n d a n m e n j a l -i n s i l a t u r a h m i d i k a l a n g a n i b u - i b u .
M a j e l i s t a k l i m m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u t e m p a t t e r j a d i n y a p r o s e s i n t e r a k s i m e n g e n a i p e r u b a h a n t r e n h i j a b b i a s a k e t r e n h i j a b m o d e m d i k a l a n g a n i b u - i b u , h a l i n i m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a p e r s e p s i i b u - i b u m a j e l i s t a k l i m t e r h a d a p p e m a k a i a n h i j a b b i a s a k e t r e n h i j a b s a n g a t b e r p e n g a r u h d a l a m s u a t u t i n j a u a n p e n d i d i k a n i s l a m . P e r u b a h a n t r e n h i j a b b i a s a k e t r e n h i j a b m o d e m m e r u p a k a n s e b a g a i p e r g e s e r a n p a r a d i g m b a h w a m a j e l i s t a k l i m a d a l a h t e m p a t b e r k e m b a n g n y a p e r u b a h a n p e m a k a i a n t r e n h i j a b d i k a l n g a n i b u - i b u .
P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r j u d u l **Trend H i j a b M o d e r n T e r h a d a p I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m D i Desa T i r t a M u l y a Kecamatan M a k a r t i Jaya ( S u a t u T i n j a u a n
P e n d i d i k a n I s l a m ) " , U n t u k m e n g e t a h u i b a g a i m a k a h p e r s e p s i i b u - i b u m a j e l i s
t a k l i m t e r h a d a p p e r u b a h a n p e m a k a i a n t r e n h i j a b b i a s a k e t r e n h i j a b m o d e m . B e r d a s a r k a n t e o r i y a n g t e l a h d i p a p a r k a n d i a t a s , d a p a t d i g a m b a r k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
Trend Hijab Modern Terhadap Ibu-Ibu Majelis Taklim Di Desa
Tirta Mulya Kecamatan Makarti Jaya (Suatu Tinjauan
Pendidikan Islam)
M A J E L I S T A K L I M A S A K I N A H
H I J A B
P e r u b a h a n T r e n H i j a b M o d e r e n P e r s e p s i I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m
S u a t u T i n j a u a n P e n d i d i k a n I s l a m
G.l Pendekatan Penelitian Kualitatif
T i p e p e n e l i t i a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n p a d a p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h t i p e p e n e l i t i a n k u a l i t a t i f . P e n e l i t i a n k u a l i t a t i f a d a l a h t i p e p e n e l i t i a n y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n d a t a d e s k r i p t i f b e r u p a k a t a - k a t a t e r t u f i s a t a u l i s a n d a r i o r a n g - o r a n g d a n p e r i l a k u y a n g d a p a t d i a m a t i . P e n e l i t i a n k u a l i t a t i f a d a l a h p e n e l i t i a n y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n p r o s e d u r a n a l i s i s y a n g t i d a k m e n g g u n a k a n p r o s e d u r a n a l i s i s s t a t i s t i k a t a u c a r a k u a n t i f i k a s i l a i n n y a . ^
D a t a y a n g d i k u m p u l k a n b e r u p a k a t a - k a t a , g a m b a r d a n b u k a n a n g k a - a n g k a . H a l i n i d i s e b a b k a n k a r e n a a d a n y a p e n e r a p a n m e t o d e k u a l i t a t i f . S e l a i n i t u s e m u a y a n g d i k u m p u l k a n b e r k e m u n g k i n a n m e n j a d i k u n c i t e r h a d a p a p a y a n g s u d a h d i t e l i t i . L a p o r a n p e n e l i t i a n a k a n b e r i s i k u t i p a n - k u t i p a n d a t a u n t u k m e m b e r i g a m b a r a n p e n y a j i a n l a p o r a n t e r s e b u t . D a t a t e r s e b u t m u n k i n d a r i n a s k a h w a w a n c a r a , c a t a t a n - c a t a t a n l a p a n g a n , f o t o , videotape, d o k i u n e n p r i b a d i , c a t a t a n a t a u m e m o , d a n d o k u m e n r e s m i l a i n n y a . P a d a p e n u i i s a n l a p o r a n d e m i k i a n p e n e l i t i m e n g a n a l i s i s d a t a y a n g s a n g a t k a y a t e r s e b u t d a n s e j a u h m u n g k i n d a l a m b e n t u k a s l i n y a .
G.2 Objek Penelitian
O b j e k d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i A d a l a h I b u - I b u P e n g a j i a n M a j e l i s T a k l i m D i D e s a T i r t a M u l y a K e c a m a t a n M a k a r t i J a y a .
G.3 Informan Penelitian
P e n e l i t i a n k u a l i t a t i f p a d a u m u m n y a m e n g a m b i l j u m l a h i n f o r m a n y a n g l e b i h k e c i l d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n b e n t u k p e n e l i t i a n l a i n n y a ^ U n i t a n a l i s i s d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h i n d i v i d u a t a u p e r o r a n g a n . U n t u k m e m p e r o l e h i n f o r m a s i y a n g d i h a r a p k a n , p e n e l i t i t e r l e b i h d a h u l u m e n e n t u k a n i n f o r m a n y a n g a k a n d i m i n t a i i n f o r m a s i n y a .
D a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i i n f o r m a n p e n e l i t i a n d i t e t a p k a n b e r d a s a r k a n k r i t e r i a s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :
1. I n f o r m a n m e r u p a k a n s u b y e k t e l a h l a m a d a n i n t e n s i f m e n y a t u d e n g a n k e g i a t a n a t a u m e d a n a k t i v i t a s y a n g m e n j a d i s a s a r a n a t a u p e r h a t i a n p e n e l i t i d a n i n i b i a s a n y a d i t a n d a i d e n g a n k e m a m p u a n m e m b e r i k a n i n f o r m a s i m e n g e n a i s e s u a t u y a n g d i t a n y a o l e h p e n e l i t i .
2 . I n f o r m a n m e r u p a k a n s u b y e k y a n g m a s u k d a l a m k e l o m p o k p e n g a j i a n i b u -i b u m a j e l -i s t a k l -i m .
3 . I n f o r m a n m e r u p a k a n s u b y e k y a n g m e m p u n y a i w a k t u d a n k e s e m p a t a n u n t u k d i m i n t a i i n f o r m a s i .
4 . I n f o r m a n m e r u p a k a n s u b y e k y a n g d a l a m m e m b e r i k a n i n f o r m a s i t i d a k c e n d e r u n g d i o l a h a t a u d i k e m a s t e r l e b i h d a h u l u .
T a b e l 1 . I n f o r m a n P e n e l i t i a n
NO Informan Jumlah
1 I b u - I b u M a j e l i s T a k l i m D e s a T i r t a M u l y a 15 O r a n g 2 P e n g u r u s M a j e l i s T a k l i m D e s a T i r t a M u l y a 1 O r a n g 3 P e m b i m b i n g M a j e l i s T a k l i m D e s a T i r t a M u l y a 1 O r a n g
4 T o k o h A g a m a D e s a T i r t a M u l y a 1 O r a n g
Total Informan 18 Orang
G.4 Jenis Data
J e n i s d a t a p e n e l i t i a n k u a l i t a t i f t e r d i r i d a r i d a t a p r i m e r d a n d a t a s e k u n d e r y a i t u : *
1. D a t a p r i m e r a d a l a h d a t a y a n g d i p e r o l e h l a n g s u n g d a r i s u m b e r p e n e l i t i a n a t a u l o k a s i p e n e l i t i a n , y a i t u d i D e s a T i r t a M u l y a K e c a m a t a n M a k a r t i J a y a . 2 . D a t a s e k u n d e r a d a l a h d a t a t a m b a h a n y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i b e r b a g a i s u m b e r
y a n g t e r k a i t d e n g a n p e n e l i t i a n , s e p e r t i b u k u , m a j a l a h , a t a u l i t e r a t u r l a i n , y a i t u s u m b e r d o k u m e n t a s i d a r i M a j e l i s T a k l i m A s a k i n a h .
G.5 Teknik Pengumpulan Data
M e t o d e p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a a d a l a h depth interview d a n w a w a n c a r a . P e n g a m a t a n d a n w a w a n c a r a d i b a n g u n d a n d i m u l a i d e n g a n " p e n g a m a t a n d a n w a w a n c a r a d e s k r i p t i f , p e n g a m a t a n t e r f o k u s , w a w a n c a r a s t r u c t u r a l d a n p e n g a m a t a n s e l e k t i f s e r t a w a w a n c a r a s e c a r a k o n t r a s " . U n t u k p e n e l i t i a n i n i
d i g u n a k a n p e n g a m a t a n t e r l i b a t {participation observation) w a w a n c a r a m e n d a l a m , o b s e r v a s i d a n d o k u m e n t a s i .
1. Wawancara atau Depth I n t e r v i e w
W a w a n c a r a m e r u p a k a n s e b a g a i m e t o d e p e n g u m p u l d a t a d i t u j u k a n k e p a d a i n f o r m a n t e r p i l i h . I n f o r m a n i n i d i p i l i h d e n g a n p e r t i m b a n g a n r e l e v a n s i k e w e n a n g a n d a n k e m a m p u a n n y a . S i n g a r i m b u n d a l a m M a r j u n i ( 2 0 0 0 : 5 1 ) , b e r p e n d a p a t b a h w a i n f o r m a n h a r u s l a h o r a n g y a n g m e m i l i k i p e n g e t a h u a n d a n s i k a p y a n g r e l e v a n d e n g a n t u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n .
K e g i a t a n w a w a n c a r a d i l a k s a n a k a n d e n g a n t e r l e b i h d a h u l u m e n y a m p a i k a n s u r a t i z i n p e n e l i t i a n , m e l a k u k a n k o n f i r m a s i k e s e d i a a n i n f o r m a n u n t u k m e m b e r i k a n i n f o r m a s i d a n m e l a k u k a n w a w a n c a r a . T a h a p a n s e l a n j u t n y a a d a l a h m e l a k u k a n T a n y a j a w a b s e c a r a l a n g s u n g k e p a d a p a r a i n f o r m a n d a r i M a j e l i s T a k l i m A s a k i n a h .
2. Teknik Observasi
T e k n i k o b s e r v a s i y a n g d i l a k u k a n d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h participant observation. D a l a m h a l i n i p e n e l i t i d a p a t m e m b e r i t a h u k a n m a k s u d d a n k e h a d i r a n p e n e l i t i a t a u p u n t i d a k m e m b e r i t a h u k a n k e h a d i r a n p e n e l i t i a k a n s a n g a t t e r g a n t u n g k e p a d a j e n i s d a t a y a n g i n g i n d i p e r o l e h . N a m u n d e m i k i a n d i u p a y a k a n a g a r k e h a d i r a n p e n e l i t i t i d a k m e n g g a n g g u k o m u n i t a s s u b y e k y a n g d i t e l i t i d a n s u b y e k y a n g d i t e l i t i t i d a k a k a n m e m a n i p u l a s i p e r i l a k u n y a .
3. Teknik Dokumentasi
T e k n i k a n a l i s a d a t a d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n k u a l i t a t i f t e r d i r i d a r i : 1 . R e d u k s i D a t a
D a t a y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i l a p a n g a n d i t u a n g k a n k e d a l a m b e n t u k l a p o r a n s e l a n j u t n y a d i r e d u k s i , d i r a n g k u m . d i f o k u s k a n p a d a h a l - h a l p e n t i n g . D i c a r i t e m a d a n p o l a n y a d i s u s u n s e c a r a s i s t e m a t i s . K e g i a t a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n p a d a t a h a p r e d u k s i d a t a a d a l a h m e m i l i h d a n m e r a n g k u m d a t a d a r i h a s i l w a w a n c a r a d a n d o k u m e n t a s i y a n g s e s u a i d e n g a n o b j e k p e n e l i t i a n i n i .
2 . P e n y a j i a n D a t a (Display Data)
U n t u k m e l i h a t g a m b a r a n k e s e l u r u h a n a t a u b a g i a n - b a g i a n t e r t e n t u d a r i p e n e l i t i a n h a r u s d i u s a h a k a n m e m b u a t b e r m a c a m m a t r i k s , g r a f i k , j a r i n g a n , d a n b a g i a n a t a u b i s a p u l a d a l a m b e n t u k n a r a t i f s a j a . K e g i a t a n d i l a k u k a n p a d a t a h a p display d a t a a d a l a h m e n y a j i k a n d a t a s e c a r a n a r a t i f , y a i t u m e n c e r i t a k a n h a s i l w a w a n c a r a k e d a l a m b e n t u k k a t i m a t d a n d i s a j i k a n p a d a B a b I V S k r i p s i .
3 . M e n g a m b i l K e s i m p u l a n a t a u V e r i f i k a s i D a t a
P e n e l i t i b e r u s a h a m e n c a r i a r t i , p o l a , t e m a , y a n g p e n j e l a s a n a l u r s e b a b a k i b a t , d a n s e b a g a i n y a . K e s i m p u l a n h a r u s s e n a n t i a s a d i u j i s e l a m a p e n e l i t i a n b e r l a n g s u n g , d a l a m h a l i n i d e n g a n c a r a p e n a m b a h a n d a t a b a r u . K e g i a t a n y a n g p e n u l i s l a k u k a n p a d a t a h a p v e r i f i k a s i d a t a a d a l a h m e m b u a t k e s i m p u l a n b e r d a s a r k a n d a t a y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n , s e b a g a i m a n a d i s a j i k a n p a d a B a b V s k r i p s i i n i
H. Sistematika Pembahasan
A d a p u n s i s t e m a t i k a p e m b a h a s a n p a d a p e n e l i t i a n i n i t e r d i r i d a r i :
B a b I , m e n g u r a i k a n b e b e r a p a h a l y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n l a t a r b e l a k a n g m a s a l a h , r u m u s a n m a s a l a h , b a t a s a n m a s a l a h , t u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n , k e g u n a a n p e n e l i t i a n , k e r a n g k a t e o r i t i s , m e t o d e p e n e l i t i a n d a n s i s t e m a t i k a p e m b a h a s a n . B a b 11, k a j i a n p u s t a k a , m e n j e l a s k a n t e o r i - t e o r i m e n g e n a i t r e n h i j a b .
B a b I I I , m e n g u r a i k a n m e n g e n a i l o k a s i p e n e l i t i a n d a n l e t a k g e o g r a f i s d i d e s a t i r t a m u l y a k e c a m a t a n m a k a r t i j a y a , s e j a r a h b e r d i r i n y a m a j e l i s t a k l i m v i s i d a n m i s i , o r i e n t a s i d a n s t r u k t u r o r g a n i s a s i .
B a b I V , m e n g u r a i k a n t e n t n g p e r s e p s i i b u - i b u d i m a j e l i s t a k l i m t e r h a d a p p e m a k a i a n t r e n h i j a b m o d e m d i d e s a t i r t a m u l y a k e c a m a t a n m a k a r t i j a y a ( s u a t u t i n j a u a n p e n d i d i k a n i s l a m )
B A B n
K A J I A N PUSTAKA
A. Pakaian Menurut Al-Quran
P a k a i a n s e c a r a s e d e r h a n a d a p a t d i d e f i n i s i k a n s e b a g a i s e g a l a s e s u a t u y a n g k i t a p a k a i m u l a i d a r i k e p a l a s a m p a i u j u n g k a k i . N a m u n p a k a i a n y a n g d i m a k s u d d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h j i l b a b y a n g s e r i n g d i g u n a k a n o l e h w a n i t a m u s l i m . J i l b a b s e r i n g k a l i d i s e b u t d e n g a n i s t i l a h k e r u d u n g , n a m u n k a t a j i l b a b s e k a r a n g l e b i h p o p u l e r d i t e l i n g a m a s y a r a k a t . J i l b a b a s a l n y a d a r i s a u d i a r a b i a y a k n i jalaba,yang b e r m a k n a m e m b a w a , m e n g h i m p u n , y a n g a r t i n y a m e n g h i m p u n s e s u a t u y a n g l e p a s . S e c a r a i s t i l a h s e k a r a n g i n i , j i l b a b a t a u k e r u d u n g a d a l a h s a l a h s a t u b u s a n a y a n g d i k e n a k a n o l e h w a n i t a b e r a g a m a i s l a m , y a n g b e r f u n g s i u n t u k m e n u t u p i b a g i a n k e p a l a d a n d a d a .
K i t a b s u c i a l - q u r ' a n m e l u k i s k a n k e a d a a n A d a m d a n p a s a n g a n n y a s e s a a t s e t e l a h m e l a n g g a r p e r i n t a h t u h a n m e n d e k a t i s u a t u p o h o n d a n t e r g o d a o l e h s e t a n s e h i n g g a m e n c i c i p i n y a V A p a y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h p a s a n g a n n e n e k m o y a n g k i t a d i n i l a i s e b a g a i a w a l u s a h a m a n u s i a m e n u t u p i b e r b a g a i k e k u r a n g a n n y a . M e n g h i n d a r d a r i a p a y a n g d i n i l a i b u r u k a t a u t i d a k d i s e n a n g i s e r t a u p a y a m e m p e r b a i k i p e n a m p i l a n d a n k e a d a a n s e s u a i d e n g a n i m a j i n a s i d a n k h a y a l m e r e k a , i t u l a h l a n g k a h a w a l m a n u s i a m e n c i p t a k a n p e r a d a b a n . A l l a h S W T m e n g i l h a m i h a l t e r s e b u t d a l a m b e n a k m a n u s i a p e r t a m a u n t u k k e m u d i a n d i w a r i s k a n k e p a d a a n a k c u c u n y a .
U p a y a b e r p a k a i a n r a p i , m e n u t u p a u r a t j u g a m e n g i s y a r a t k a n b a h w a b e r p a k a i a n r a p i s e b a g a i m a n a d i k e h e n d a k i a g a m a d a p a t m e m b e r r a s a t e n a n g d a l a m j i w a p e m a k a i n y a . K e t e n a n g a n b a t i n i t u m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u d a m p a k y a n g
d i k e h e n d a k i o l e h a g a m a , d i s a m p i n g p a k a i a n l a h i r a l - q u r ' a n j u g a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a a d a y a n g d i n a m a i " p a k a i a n t a k w a d a n i t u l e b i h b a i k " ^ , a p a l a h a r l i n y a k e i n d a h a n l a h i r j i k a t i d a k d i s e r t a i k e i n d a h a n b a t i n . P a k a i a n t a k w a m e n u t u p i h a l -h a l y a n g dapat m e m a i u k a n d a n m e m p e r b u r u k p e n a m p i l a n m a n u s i a j i k a i a t e r b u k a . A y a t t e r p e n t i n g y a n g m e n e t a p k a n k e w a j i b a n b e r h i j a b p a d a k a u m w a n i t a y a n g a k a n k i t a b a h a s a d a l a h a y a t k e - 3 1 s u r a t a n - N u r d a n a y a t k e - 5 9 s u r at a l - A h z a b . A l l a h s w t d a l a m s u r a t a n - N u r a y a t k e 3 1 b e r f i r m a n :
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K a t a k a n l a h k e p a d a w a n i t a y a n g b e r i m a n : " H e n d a k l a h m e r e k a m e n a h a n p a n d a n g a n n y a , d a n k e m a l u a n n y a , d a n j a n g a n l a h m e r e k a m e n a m p a k k a n p e r h i a s a n n y a , k e c u a l i y a n g ( b i a s a ) n a m p a k d a r i p a d a n y a . D a n h e n d a k l a h m e r e k a m e n u t u p k a n k a i n k u d u n g k e d a d a n y a , d a n j a n g a n l a h m e n a m p a k k a n p e r h i a s a n n y a k e c u a l i k e p a d a s u a m i m e r e k a , a t a u a y a h m e r e k a , a t a u a y a h s u a m i m e r e k a , a t a u p u t e r a p u t e r a m e r e k a , a t a u p u t e r a p u t e r a s u a m i m e r e k a , a t a u s a u d a r a s a u d a r a l a k i -l a k i m e r e k a , a t a u p u t e r a - p u t e r a s a u d a r a -l e -l a k i m e r e k a , a -l a u p u t e r a - p u t e r a s a u d a r a
^ Quraish, Shihab M. Jilbab P a k a i a n W a n i i a M u s l i m a h . 2004. (Jakarta; Lentera hati) hal.52
p e r e m p u a n m e r e k a . a t a u w a n i t a - w a n i t a i s l a m , a t a u b u d a k - b u d a k y a n g m e r e k a m i l i k i . a t a u p e l a y a n - p e l a y a n l a k i - l a k i y a n g t i d a k m e m p u n y a i k e i n g i n a n ( t e r h a d a p w a n i t a ) a t a u a n a k - a n a k y a n g b e l u m m e n g e r t i t e n t a n g a u r a t w a n i t a . D a n j a n g a n l a h m e r e k a m e m u k u l k a n k a k i n y u a a g a r d i k e t a h u i p e r h i a s a n y a n g m e r e k a s e m b u n y i k a n . D a n b c r t a u b a t l a h k a m u s e k a l i a n k e p a d a A l l a h , h a i o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g b e r i m a n s u p a y a k a m u b e r u n t u n g . ( Q S : A n - N u u r A y a t : 31 )
D a r i a y a t d i atas k i t a dapat m e n y i m p u l k a n b e b e r a p a p o i n p e n t i n g , d i a n t a r a n y a : 1. H e n d a k n y a k a u m w a n i t a m e n u t u p p a n d a n g a n m e r e k a d a r i p a n d a n g a n y a n g
p e n u h s y a h w a t k e p a d a l a k i - l a k i n o n m u h r i m .
2 . W a j i b b a g i k a u m w a n i t a m e n u t u p i a u r a t n y a d a r i l a k i - l a k i n o n m u h r i m . 3 . W a j i b b a g i k a u m w a n i t a m e n u t u p i b a d a n d a n p e r h i a s a n m e r e k a .
4 . D i p e r b o l e h k a n b a g i k a u m w a n i t a u n t u k m e n a m p a k k a n b a d a n d a n p e r h i a s a n m e r e k a d i h a d a p a n p a r a m u h r i m n y a .
S e t e l a h A l l a h s w t m e m e r i n t a h k a n k e w a j i b a n m e n u t u p p a n d a n g a n k a u m w a n i t a d a r i l a k i - l a k i n o n m u h r i m d a n m e n u t u p a u r a t m e r e k a d a r i p a n d a n g a n o r a n g l a i n , A l l a h s w t m e m e r i n t a h k a n u n t u k m e n u t u p i p e r h i a s a n w a n i t a . M u n g k i n m a s a l a h m e n u t u p p e r h i a s a n m e r u p a k a n m a s a l a h y a n g p e n t i n g s e h i n g g a d i s e b u t k a n d u a k a l i d a l a m satu a y a t . M a k n a p e r h i a s a n j u g a s a n g a t j e l a s b a g i k i t a y a i t u s e t i a p s e s u a t u y a n g m e n a m b a h k e i n d a h a n w a n i t a d a n d i p a h a m i o l e h m a s y a r a k a t u m u m , s e p e r t i g e l a n g , k a l u n g , a n t i n g d a n l a i n n y a . P e r h i a s a n i n i a d a y a n g d a p a t d i p i s a h k a n d a r i b a d a n w a n i t a d a n ada y a n g t i d a k d a p a t d i p i s a h k a n d a r i b a d a n s e p e r t i d a n d a n a n p a d a w a j a h s e o r a n g w a n i t a a t a u p e r h i a s a n a l a m i / n a t u r a l s e p e r t i r a m b u t w a n i t a a t a u y a n g l a i n . A l - Q u r ' a n t i d a k m e n e t a p k a n m o d e a t a u w a m a p a k a i a n t e r t e n t u , b a i k k e t i k a b e r i b a d a h d a n d i l u a r i b a d a h .
d i p i s a h k a n d a r i b a d a n w a n i t a d a n a d a y a n g t i d a k d a p a t d i p i s a h k a n d a r i b a d a n s e p e r t i d a n d a n a n p a d a w a j a h s e o r a n g w a n i t a a t a u p e r h i a s a n a l a m i / n a t u r a l s e p e r t i r a m b u t w a n i t a a t a u y a n g l a i n . A l - Q u r ' a n t i d a k m e n e t a p k a n m o d e a t a u w a m a p a k a i a n t e r t e n t u , b a i k k e t i k a b e r i b a d a h d a n d i l u a r i b a d a h .
B. Aurat Wanita
A u r a t a d a l a h b a g i a n - b a g i a n b a d a n y a n g t i d a k b o l e h t e r l i h a t . K a t a i n i d i a m b i l d a r i b a h a s a a r a b Aurah y a n g o l e h s e m e n t a r a u l a m a m e n y a t a k a n h i l a n g p e r a s a a n , d a l a m p a n d a n g a n p a k a r h u k u m I s l a m a u r a t a d a l a h b a g i a n d a r i t u b u h m a n u s i a y a n g p a d a p r i n s i p n y a t i d a k b o l e h k e l i h a t a n , k e c u a l i d a l a m k e a d a a n d a m r a t a t a u k e b u t u h a n y a n g m e n d e s a k . A g a m a I s l a m j u g a m e n j e l a s k a n m e n g e n a i a d a n y a b a t a s b a t a s a u r a t , t e t a p i a l q u r ' a n t i d a k m e n e n t u k a n s e c a r a j e l a s d a n r i n c i b a t a s -b a t a s a u r a t . S e a n d a i n y a a d a k e t e n t u a n y a n g p a s t i d a n -b a t a s y a n g j e l a s , m a k a d a p a t d i p a s t i k a n p u l a b a h w a k a u m m u s l i m t e r m a s u k u l a m a - u l a m a n y a s e j a k d a h u l u h i n g g a k i n i t i d a k a k a n b e r b e d a p e n d a p a t .
P a r a u l a m a y a n g b e r p e n d a p a t b a h w a s e l u r u h t u b u h w a n i t a a d a l a h a u r a t w a l a u w a j a h d a n t e i a p a k t a n g a n n y a m e m p u n y a a l a s a n t e r t e n t u y a i t u :
1) K e n y a t a a n p a d a m a s a N a b i S A W . m e n u n j u k a n b a h w a b u k a n h a n y a i s t r i -i s t r -i N a b -i y a n g m e m a k a -i h -i j a b d a l a m a r t -i m e n u t u p -i s e l u r u h b a d a n n y a , t e t a p i j u g a w a n i t a - w a n i t a m u s l i m a h l a i n n y a .
t e r t u j u k e p a d a i s t r i - i s t r i N a b i , n a m u n h u k u m n y a m e n c a k u p s e m u a w a n i t a m u s l i m a h .
M e n u r u t k e t e r a n g a n d a r i a y a t - a y a t A l - Q u r ' a n d a l a m h a d i s t N a b i S A W . d a p a t l a h d i a m b i l p e l a j a r a n b a h w a s e o r a n g w a n i t a m u s l i m a t i t u h a r u s s e n a n t i a s a m e m a k a i b u s a n a m u s l i m a t ( j i l b a b ) a p a b i l a i a :
1 ) K e t i k a k e l u a r d a r i r u m a h n y a b a i k s i a n g a t a u p u n m a l a m , b a i k k e i u a m y a u n t u k s u a t u k e w a j i b a n a t a u p u n u n t u k k e p e r l u a n l a i n , m i s a l n y a s e k o l a h , m e n d a t a n g i p e n g a j i a n , b i s n i s d a n s e b a g a i n y a .
2 ) K e t i k a m e n e r i m a t a m u l a k i - l a k i d i r u m a h n y a , s e k a l i p u n t a m u t e m a n a k r a b s u a m i n y a d a n s u d a h d i k e t a h u i k e j u j u r a n n y a ,
3 ) K e t i k a b e r a d a d i t e m p a t y a n g t e r b u k a u n t u k u m u m , d i m a n a d i d a t a m n y a t e r d a p a t l a k i - l a k i h i l i r m u d i k d a p a t j e l a s m e m a n d a n g n y a .
4 ) A p a b i l a a d a p e n g u n j u n g ( t a m u ) l a k i - l a k i y a n g h a d i r d i s a m p i n g a t a u d a r i d e k a t r u m a h k e d i a m a n n y a , s e k a l i p u n l a k i - l a k i i t u s u d a h d i k e n a l d a n s e r i n g d a t a n g k e r u m a h n y a .
S e l u r u h t u b u h w a n i t a k e c u a l i m u k a d a n k e d u a t e i a p a k t a n g a n a d a l a h a u r a t y a n g w a j i b d i t u t u p i . M e r e k a d i l a r a n g m e n a m p a k k a n a u r a t n y a t e r s e b u t , k e c u a l i d i d a l a m l i n g k a r a n o r a n g - o r a n g t e r t e n t u . ^
C. Pandangan Kontemporer Mengenai Hijab
P a n d a n g a n c e n d e k i a w a n k o n t e m p o r e r m e m p u n y a b a n y a k p e n d a p a t d a n p e m i k i r a n y a n g b e r b e d a - b e d a m e n g e n a i h i j a b . B e n i h p e r u b a h a n b a r u t e r j a d i
' Shahab Husein. Jilbab Menumt Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah. 1991. (Bandung: Penerbit
s e t e l a h s e k i a n b a n y a k c e n d e k i a w a n M e s i r y a n g b e r k u n j u n g d a n b e l a j a r d i E r o p a , k h u s u s n y a P e r a n c i s , l a l u m e r e k a k e m b a l i m e m b a w a a n g i n p e r u b a h a n s e r t a p a n d a n g a n - p a n d a n g a n b a r u y a n g s e l a m a i n i b e l u m d i k e n a l o l e h n e g e r i - n e g e r i I s l a m , t e r m a s u k M e s i r . T e r c a t a t s e k i a n n a m a y a n g d a p a t d i n i l a i s e b a g a i p e l o p o r d a l a m b i d a n g p e m b a h a r u a n a j a r a n I s l a m , y a n g p a l i n g p o p u l e r d a l a m k o n t e k s p e r e m p u a n a d a l a h Q a s i m A m i n , ( 1 8 0 3 - 1 8 0 8 M ) s e h i n g g a i a d i j u l u k i d e n g a n g e l a r M u h a r r i r a l - M a r ' a h ( P e m b e b a s P e r e m p u a n ) . C e n d e k i a w a n M e s i r y a n g m e r u p a k a n a l u m n u s F a k u l t a s H u k u m d a n m e n i m b a i l m u s e r t a p e n g a l a m a n d i P r a n c i s i n i m e n e r b i t k a n s e b u a h b u k u p a d a t a h u n 1 8 9 9 M d e n g a n j u d u l T a h r i r a l - M u r ' ^ ( P e m b e b a s a n P e r e m p u a n ) . A d a e m p a t ( 4 ) p e r s o a l a n p o k o k y a n g d i b a h a s y a i t u :
1 ) P a k a i a n P e r e m p u a n ( H i j a b A t a u J i l b a b ) , 2 ) A k t i f i t a s K e r j a P e r e m p u a n ,
3 ) P o l i g a m i d a n 4 ) T a l a k .
K e s e m u a n y a m e n g a n d u n g p a n d a n g a n - p a n d a n g a n y a n g d i n i l a i b a r u p a d a w a k t u i t u , d a l a m k o n t e k s p a k a i a n Q a s i m A m i n m e n e g a s k a n b a h w a t i d a k a d a s a t u k e t e t a p a n a g a m a ( n a s h d a r i s y a r i a t ) y a n g m e w a j i b k a n p a k a i a n k h u s u s ( h i j a b a t a u j i l b a b ) s e b a g a i m a n a y a n g d i k e n a l s e l a m a i n i d a l a m m a s y r a k a t i s l a m . P a k a i a n y a n g d i k e n a l i t u m e n u r u t n y a a d a l a h a d a t k e b i a s a a n y a n g l a h i r a k i b a t p e r g a u l a n m a s y a r a k a t M e s i r ( I s l a m ) d e n g a n b a n g s a - b a n g s a l a i n , y a n g m e r e k a a n g g a p b a i k d a n m e r e k a m e n i r u n y a l a l u m e n i l a i n y a s e b a g a i t u n t u n a n a g a m a . Q a s i m A m i n j u g a b e r p e n d a p a t b a h w a a l - Q u r ' a n m e m b o l e h k a n w a n i t a m e n a m p a k k a n s e b a g i a n
-Q u r ' a n t i d a k m e n e n t u k a n b a g i a n - b a g i a n m a n a d a r i a n g g o t a t u b u h i t u y a n g b o l e h terbuka**. T e r l e p a s d a r i s i a p a p e n c e t u s i d e t e n t a n g p a k a i a n w a n i t a , y a n g s e d i k i t a t a u b a n y a k b e r b e d a d e n g a n p e n d a p a t u l a m a t e r d a h u l u , n a m u n y a n g j e l a s b a h w a p a r a p e n c e t u s d a n p e n d u k u n g i d e s e r t a p e n d a p a t - p e n d a p a t m e m i l i k i j u g a d a l i l a t a u d a l i h y a n g m e n j a d i d a s a r p e n d a p a t m e r e k a .
D. Definisi Hijab Dan Sejarahnya
D i e r a g l o b a l i s a s i p a d a s a a t i n i b u k a n p e m a n d a n g a n s u l i t m e n e m u a k a n w a n i t a -w a n i t a b e r p e n u t u p k e p a l a d e n g a n r a g a m g a y a . T e r l i h a t m o d i s d e n g a n b a l u t a n k a i n c e r a h w a m a - w a m i k i t a m e n y e b u t n y a j i l b a b . S a a t i n i p o p u l a r l a g i k a t a y a n g b e r b e d a u n t u k m e n y e b u t k a n n y a , t a p i m a s i h m e r u j u k p a d a i s t i l a h y a n g s a m a y a i t u h i j a b . H i j a b a t a u j i l b a b b u k a n s e s u a t u y a n g a n e h l a g i d i m a t a m a s y a r a k a t u m u m , p e m a k a i a n h i j a b p a d a s a a t i n i t e l a h m e w a b a h b e r c a m p u r d e n g a n b u d a y a b e r p a k a i a n p a d a u m u m n y a . H i j a b a d a l a h p e n e n t u c a r a b u s a n a w a n i t a y a n g b e r a g a m a i s l a m , p a r a m u s l i m a h . ^ S e b a g a i a t u r a n b e r p a k a i a n w a n i t a i s l a m t e n t u h i j a b m e m p u n y a i s e j a r a h d a n a l a s a n t e r s e n d i r i s e h i n g g a A l l a h S W T m e n e g u h k a n p e r i n t a h b e r h i j a b d a l a m A l - Q u r ' a n .
J i l b a b a d a l a h i s t i l a h y a n g p a l i n g l a z i m d i s e b u t d i m a s y a r a k a t k i t a s e j a k d u l u , s a m p a i a k h i m y a b e l a k a n g a n i n i b e r g e s e r p e n y e b u t a n p a k a i a n u n t u k m e n u t u p a u r a t b a g i m u s l i m a h d i s e b u t h i j a b . J i l b a b b e r a s a l d a r i b a h a s a a r a p , b e n t u k
^ Qasim Amin, Tahrir al-Mur'ah, Mesir, Percetakan Muhammad Zaky ad-Din, 1347 H ,
Hal 54-58.
^ Zami Elzam, 2004. A - Z Hijab Menurut Al-Quran Dan Hadis, (Jakarta: Pustaka Oasis),
j a m a k n y a jalaabiib p a k a i a n y a n g l a p a n g a t a u l u a s . D e f i n i s i j i l b a b a d a l a h p a k a i a n y a n g l a p a n g d a n d a p a t m e n u t u p a u r a t w a n i t a k e c u a l i m u k a d a n t e i a p a k t a n g a n . D a l a m k a m u s b a h a s a a r a b p e n g e r l i a n j i l b a b d i d a p a t k a n s e b a g a i s e l e n d a n g a t a u p a k a i a n l e b a r y a n g d i p a k a i w a n i t a u n t u k m e n u t u p i k e p a l a , d a d a d a n b a g i a n b e l a k a n g tubuh.*" P e n g g u n a a n j i l b a b h u k u m n y a b a g i m u s l i m a h y a n g s u d a h a k i l b a l i g , h a l i n i d i d a s a r k a n p a d a h a d i s t H . R A b u D a w u d y a i t u :
R a s u l m e n a s i h a t i A s m a b i n t i A b u B a k a r , " T a k l a y a k w a n i t a y a n g t e l a h h a i d t e r l i h a t k e c u a l i i n i d a n i n i ( s a m b i l m e n u n j u k k a n k e d u a t e i a p a k t a n g a n d a n m u k a ) . " ' '
H i j a b b e r a s a l d a r i b a h a s a a r a b hajaban y a n g a r t i n y a t a b i r a t a u p e n u t u p . M a k s u d n y a a d a l a h t a b i r a t a u t i r a i p e n u t u p y a n g m e m i s a h k a n s e s u a t u . H u k u m d e m i h u k u m A l l a h S W T m e n e t a p k a n u n t u k k e b a i k a n m a n u s i a d a l a m k e d u d u k a n n y a s e b a g a i k h a l i f a h d i m u k a b u m i . B e g i t u j u g a d e n g a n p e r i n t a h m e n u t u p a u r a t w a n i t a d e n g a n h i j a b , s e j a t i n y a b e r p u l a n g u n t u k k e b a i k a n m e r e k a s e n d i r i , h i j a b m e n j a d i p e n a n d a p a l i n g p e n t i n g . O r a n g l a i n b i a s l a n g s u n g m e n g e n a l i s e o r a n g w a n i t a m e n g a n u t a g a m a y a n g m u l i a i n i , i s l a m y a n g h a n y a d e n g a n m e l i h a t c a r a b e r p a k a i a n .
M e n u r u t b a h a s a A r a b j i l b a b a d a l a h b u s a n a m u s l i m t e r u s a n p a n j a n g m e n u t u p i s e l u r u h b a d a n k e c u a l i t a n g a n , k a k i d a n w a j a h y a n g b i a s a d i k e n a k a n o l e h p a r a w a n i t a m u s l i m . P e n g g u n a a n j e n i s p a k a i a n i n i t e r k a i t d e n g a n t u n t u n a n s y a r i a t I s l a m u n t u k m e n g g u n a k a n p a k a i a n y a n g m e n u t u p a u r a t a t a u d i k e n a l d e n g a n
^ Zami Elzam. A - Z H i j a h M e n u r u t A l - Q u r a n D a n H a d i s . 2004. (Jakarta: Pustaka Oasis), Hal. 4
i s t i l a h h i j a b ( d a l a m a r t i s e p e r t i d i t u n j u k k a n d a l a m p e n g e r t i a n h i j a b d i a t a s ) . J a d i , j i l b a b i a l a h p a k a i a n y a n g l o n g g a r d a n d i j u l u r k a n k e s e l u r u h t u b u h h i n g g a m e n d e k a t i t a n a h s e h i n g g a t i d a k m e m b e n t u k l e k u k t u b u h . H a t i n i t e r t u a n g d a l a m p e r i n t a h A l l a h d a l a m A l - Q u r a n s u r a t A l - A h z a b a y a t 5 9 : " H e n d a k l a h m e r e k a m e n g u l u r k a n j i l b a b n y a k e s e l u r u h t u b u h m e r e k a . . . "
S e c a r a t e r m i n o l o g i , d a l a m k a m u s y a n g d i a n g g a p s t a n d a r d a l a m B a h a s a A r a b , j i l b a b b e r a r t i s e l e n d a n g a t a u p a k a i a n l e b a r y a n g d i p a k a i w a n i t a u n t u k m e n u t u p i k e p a d a , d a d a d a n b a g i a n b e l a k a n g t u b u h n y a . D a p a t k i t a a m b i l k e s i m p u l a n b a h w a j i l b a b p a d a u m u m n y a a d a l a h p a k a i a n y a n g l e b a r , l o n g g a r d a n m e n u t u p i s e l u r u h b a g i a n t u b u h . S e b a g a i m a n a d i s i m p u l k a n o l e h A l Q u r t h u b y : " J i l b a b a d a l a h p a k a i a n y a n g m e n u t u p i s e l u r u h t u b u h . " K e c u a l i w a j a h d a n t e i a p a k t a n g a n .
T r a d i s i d i k a l a n g a n w a n i t a - w a n i t a d i k a l a
