Rancangan Monitoring Sirkulasi dan Stabilitas Suhu Ruangan Menggunakan Sensor Gas dan Sensor Suhu Dengan Tampilan PC Berbasis Atmega 8535

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LISTING PROGRAM

#include <mega8535.h> #include <delay.h> #include <alcd.h> #define ADC_samp 25 #define kipas PORTC.0

float suhu_total,gas_total,suhu_hasil,gas_hasil,suhu_rata,gas_rata; unsigned int x,nilai_ADC;

char input,buflcd[16];

#define DATA_REGISTER_EMPTY (1<<UDRE) #define RX_COMPLETE (1<<RXC)

#define FRAMING_ERROR (1<<FE) #define PARITY_ERROR (1<<UPE) #define DATA_OVERRUN (1<<DOR) #define RX_BUFFER_SIZE 8

char rx_buffer[RX_BUFFER_SIZE]; #if RX_BUFFER_SIZE <= 256

unsigned char rx_wr_index=0,rx_rd_index=0; #else

unsigned int rx_wr_index=0,rx_rd_index=0; #endif

#if RX_BUFFER_SIZE < 256 unsigned char rx_counter=0; #else

unsigned int rx_counter=0; #endif

// This flag is set on USART Receiver buffer overflow bit rx_buffer_overflow;

// USART Receiver interrupt service routine interrupt [USART_RXC] void usart_rx_isr(void) {

char status,data; status=UCSRA; data=UDR;

if ((status & (FRAMING_ERROR | PARITY_ERROR | DATA_OVERRUN))==0)

{

rx_buffer[rx_wr_index++]=data; #if RX_BUFFER_SIZE == 256

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#else

if (rx_wr_index == RX_BUFFER_SIZE) rx_wr_index=0; if (++rx_counter == RX_BUFFER_SIZE)

{

#ifndef _DEBUG_TERMINAL_IO_

// Get a character from the USART Receiver buffer #define _ALTERNATE_GETCHAR_

#pragma used+ char getchar(void) {

char data;

while (rx_counter==0);

data=rx_buffer[rx_rd_index++]; #if RX_BUFFER_SIZE != 256

if (rx_rd_index == RX_BUFFER_SIZE) rx_rd_index=0; #endif

#asm("cli") --rx_counter; #asm("sei") return data; }

#pragma used- #endif

// USART Transmitter buffer #define TX_BUFFER_SIZE 8 char tx_buffer[TX_BUFFER_SIZE]; #if TX_BUFFER_SIZE <= 256

unsigned char tx_wr_index=0,tx_rd_index=0; #else

unsigned int tx_wr_index=0,tx_rd_index=0; #endif

#if TX_BUFFER_SIZE < 256 unsigned char tx_counter=0; #else

unsigned int tx_counter=0; #endif

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interrupt [USART_TXC] void usart_tx_isr(void) {

if (tx_counter) {

--tx_counter;

UDR=tx_buffer[tx_rd_index++]; #if TX_BUFFER_SIZE != 256

if (tx_rd_index == TX_BUFFER_SIZE) tx_rd_index=0; #endif

} }

#ifndef _DEBUG_TERMINAL_IO_

// Write a character to the USART Transmitter buffer #define _ALTERNATE_PUTCHAR_

#pragma used+ void putchar(char c) {

while (tx_counter == TX_BUFFER_SIZE); #asm("cli")

if (tx_counter || ((UCSRA & DATA_REGISTER_EMPTY)==0)) {

tx_buffer[tx_wr_index++]=c; #if TX_BUFFER_SIZE != 256

if (tx_wr_index == TX_BUFFER_SIZE) tx_wr_index=0; #endif

#pragma used- #endif

// Standard Input/Output functions #include <stdio.h>

#define ADC_VREF_TYPE ((0<<REFS1) | (1<<REFS0) | (0<<ADLAR)) unsigned int read_adc(unsigned char adc_input)

{

ADMUX=adc_input | ADC_VREF_TYPE;

// Delay needed for the stabilization of the ADC input voltage delay_us(10);

// Start the AD conversion ADCSRA|=(1<<ADSC);

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ADCSRA|=(1<<ADIF); return ADCW;

}

void main(void) {

DDRA=(0<<DDA7) | (0<<DDA6) | (0<<DDA5) | (0<<DDA4) | (0<<DDA3) | (0<<DDA2) | (0<<DDA1) | (0<<DDA0);

DDRB=(0<<DDB7) | (0<<DDB6) | (0<<DDB5) | (0<<DDB4) | (0<<DDB3) | (0<<DDB2) | (0<<DDB1) | (0<<DDB0);

DDRC=(0<<DDC7) | (0<<DDC6) | (0<<DDC5) | (0<<DDC4) | (0<<DDC3) | (0<<DDC2) | (1<<DDC1) | (1<<DDC0);

DDRD=(0<<DDD7) | (0<<DDD6) | (1<<DDD5) | (0<<DDD4) | (0<<DDD3) | (0<<DDD2) | (0<<DDD1) | (0<<DDD0);

TCCR1B=(0<<ICNC1) | (0<<ICES1) | (1<<WGM13) | (1<<WGM12) | (0<<CS12) | (1<<CS11) | (0<<CS10);

TCNT1H=0x00;

// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization

UCSRA=(0<<RXC) | (0<<TXC) | (0<<UDRE) | (0<<FE) | (0<<DOR) | (0<<UPE) | (0<<U2X) | (0<<MPCM);

UBRRH=0x00; UBRRL=0x67;

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lcd_init(16); #asm("sei") OCR1A=1600; lcd_gotoxy(0,0); lcd_putsf("NOVA"); while (1)

{

suhu_total = 0;gas_total=0; suhu_hasil = 0;gas_hasil=0; for (x=0; x<ADC_samp; x++) {

nilai_ADC = read_adc(1);

suhu_hasil=suhu_hasil + nilai_ADC; delay_ms(10);

nilai_ADC = read_adc(0); gas_hasil=gas_hasil + nilai_ADC; delay_ms(10);

}

suhu_rata = (float)suhu_hasil / ADC_samp; // nilai rata-rata gas_rata = (float)gas_hasil / ADC_samp; // nilai rata-rata suhu_total =(suhu_rata * 0.48825125)/10;

gas_total =(gas_rata * 0.0048825125)*100; lcd_clear();

sprintf(buflcd,"suhu:%2.2f C",suhu_total); lcd_gotoxy(0,0);lcd_puts(buflcd);

sprintf(buflcd,"gas:%2.2f %",gas_total); lcd_gotoxy(0,1);lcd_puts(buflcd);

printf("%dA%dB%dC%dD%dE",suhu_total,gas_total,0,0,0); input=getchar();

if(gas_total<500) OCR1A=1600; //tutup ventilasi else if(gas_total>=500) OCR1A=3250;//buka ventilasi if(input=='6') kipas=1;//hidup ventilasi

else if(input=='7') kipas=0;//tutup ventilasi }

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• Pengujian Rangkaian Mikrokontroller ATMega8535 Programnya adalah sebagai berikut :

/***************************************************************** ***

Moving LED

CodeVisionAVR C Compiler Chip: ATMega8535

Memory Model: SMALL Data Stack Size: 128 bytes

8 LEDs are connected between the PORTC outputs and +5V using 1K current

limiting resistors .The LEDs anodes are connected to +5V

****************************************************************** **/

// I/O register definitions for ATMega8535 #include <mega8535.h>

// quartz crystal frquency [Hz] #define xtal 12000000

// moving LED frequency [Hz] #define fmove 2

// the LED on PORTC output 0 will be on unsigned char led_status=0xfe;

// TIMER1 overflow interrupt service routine // occurs every 0.5 seconds

interrupt [TIM1_OVF] void timer1_overflow(void) {

// preset again TIMER1

TCNT1=0x10000-(xtal/1024/fmove); // move the LED

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if (led_status==0xff) led_status=0xfe; // turn on the LED

PORTC=led_status; }

void main(void) {

// set the I/O ports

// all PORTC pins are outputs DDRC=0xff;

// turn on the first LED PORTC=led_status; // init TIMER1

// TIMER1 is disconnected from pin OC1 // no PWM

TCCR1A=0;

// TIMER1 clock is xtal/1024 TCCR1B=5;

// preset TIMER1

TCNT1=0x10000-(xtal/1024/fmove); // clear TIMER1 interrupts flags TIFR=0;

// enable TIMER1 overflow interrupt TIMSK=0x80;

// all other interrupt sources are disabled GIMSK=0;

// global enable interrupts #asm

sei #endasm

// the rest is done by TIMER1 overflow interrupts while (1);

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• Program yang diisikan ke mikrokontroller untuk menampilkan karakter pada display LCD adalah sebagai berikut:

#include <mega8535.h>

// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions

#include <alcd.h>

void main(void)

{

PORTA=0x00;

DDRA=0x00;

PORTB=0x00;

DDRB=0x00;

PORTC=0x00;

DDRC=0x00;

PORTD=0x00;

DDRD=0x00;

TCCR0=0x00;

TCNT0=0x00;

OCR0=0x00;

TCCR1A=0x00;

TCCR1B=0x00;

TCNT1H=0x00;

TCNT1L=0x00;

ICR1H=0x00;

ICR1L=0x00;

OCR1AH=0x00;

OCR1AL=0x00;

OCR1BH=0x00;

OCR1BL=0x00;

ASSR=0x00;

TCCR2=0x00;

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OCR2=0x00;

MCUCR=0x00;

MCUCSR=0x00;

TIMSK=0x00;

ACSR=0x80;

SFIOR=0x00;

lcd_init(16);

lcd_clear();

while (1)

{

// Place your code here

lcd_gotoxy(6,0);

lcd_putsf("FISIKA"); delay_ms(500);

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• Pengujian terhadap motor servo dilakukan dengan memberikan inputan pulsa melalui mikrokontroller yang telah dimasukkan program sebagai berikut :

#include <mega8535.h> #include <delay.h> #include <stdio.h> unsigned int i; void main(void) {

for (i=0;i<50;i++) {

PORTD.4=1; delay_ms(2); PORTD.4=0; delay_ms(20); }

delay_ms(1000);

for (i=0;i<50;i++) }