A study of First – Wave Feminism: Rebelation of Helen Huntington Against her Abusive Husband from the Novel The Tenant of Wildfell Hall by Anne
Bronte
A THESIS
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities State Islamic
University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Mustika Mufarristi
(A33213067)
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES
M u f a r r i s t i | 1
ABSTRACT
Mustika, Mufarristi. A study of First – Wave Feminism: Rebelation Act of Helen Huntington Against her Abusive Husband from the Novel ‘The Tenant of Wildfell Hall’ by Anne Bronte English Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Advisor : Abu Fanani, M.A
Key Terms: First –Wave Feminism, Woman’s Oppression, Middle – Class Feminism.
M u f a r r i s t i | 2
INTISARI
Mustika, Mufarristi. A study of First – Wave Feminism: Rebelation Act of Helen Huntington Against her Abusive Husband from the Novel ‘The Tenant of Wildfell Hall’ by Anne Bronte Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Adab Humaniora UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Penasehat : Abu Fanani, M.A
Kata Kunci: First –Wave Feminism, Woman’s Oppression, Middle – Class Feminism.
M u f a r r i s t i | 1
TABLE OF CONTENT
Inside Cover………...………...………...i
Declaration………...………..……...………...…...ii
Examiner Approval Sheet……….…………...………...iii
Advisor Approval Sheet………...………..………….…………...iv
Motto ……….………...v
Dedication...………...vi
Acknowledgment ………...………..…...vii
Table of The Content………...………...viii
Abstract ………...………...…...xi
Abstrak ……….………....…...…xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study………...…...1
1.2 Statement of Problem………...………...…...5
1.3 Objective of the Study………...6
1.4 Scope and Limitation…………...………...…..6
1.5 Significance of the Study………..………...………...6
M u f a r r i s t i | 2
A. Data Source...7
B. Data Collection...7
C. Data Analysis...8
CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW 2.I Theoretical Framework ...9
2.II Feminism...9
First wave...11
Second wave...11
Third wave...12
2.II.1. Marry Wollstonecraft’s Feminism Concept...13
2.II.2. John Start Mill and Harriet Taylor Mill’s Feminism Concept...15
2.VI. Review of Related Literature...18
CHAPTER III ANALYSIS A. Rebelation of Helen Huntington...21
B. The Rebelation of Helen to Choose Arthur Huntington...23
C. The Reason Rebelation of Helen to Her Will...28
D. The Rebelation Act of Helen Towards Arthur Huntington...33
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION 4.1Conclusion...48
M u f a r r i s t i | 3
WORKCITED...52
APPENDIX...53
I.1. SYNOPSIS...56
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Victorian Era in 19th century has become the change of literature as well as the prominent writer. However, in the reign of Queen Victoria every person has their free will to state their own idea, but this era became the paradox for the social condition ( Carter & McRae 270). The paradox in Victorian era was shown from the contrast of social unrest and the change movements. This change movements was refered to ‘’Victorian Values’’ implying to the movement for justice, freedom against the greed, exploitation, and cynicism. Literature in this era was the reflection of the society, for instance Benjamin Disraeli in his novel sybil that reflect his novel based on the society condition. As the condition explained as the working class. The social condition in Victorian Era was pretty obvious that the social class was divided into three those are Upper Class, Middle Class, and Lower Class
(http://www.hierarchystructure.com/victorian-england-social-hierarchy/).
Life and society have changed rapidly from every aspect in England in Victorian era. Improvements to steam engine led to increase more
manufacture, which bring the huge amounts of wealth for the society.
steam power, directly were changed by steam power. By the displacement of steam power it brought the protest from society, their fear was stirred among the propertied classes ( Adams 2).
The beginning of steam power in the eighteenth century has transformed not only the rythms of daily life but also the sense of human possibility. However, the new economy bring a lot of wealth as well as loss. At the same time the dynamism encouraged a particular anxiety about identity and self – determination, like the illustration of Pip’s transformation in Great
Expectation ‘’ I was a blacksmith’s boy but yesterday; I am – but what shall I say I am –today?’’ ( Dickens 18).
Victorian novels developed into a form to represent these dynamics, capturing the social interaction, aspiration, and anxiety. In such way, the industrialism has become the mutual hostility from every social class, like the statement from Carlyle that ‘’ We call it society and go about professing
openly the totalest seperation, isolation. Our life is not a mutual helpfulness... it is a mutual hostility’’ (Carlyle 19). A powerful response of the Victorian is the domesticity. This era has brought the insistance of ‘separate spheres’ ( https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/gender-roles-in-the-19th-century).
domestic sphere. In fact, women had such a great influence at home through which women used as argument against men to give their vote (Hughes). Gender in the context become the powerful arena of political conflict, which is the reason the domestic life became such a resonant preoccupation of
Victorian literature. The description of feminine character implicitly attacked an aristocratic model, under which women derived their value from beauty, kinship, and money. And, masculinity was subjected to corresponding revision, particularly in pointed debates over the ideal of the gentleman (Adams 20).
Harriet Martineau, one of the most prominent feminist, stand her life on struggle of women’s right. Besides, her works has many supports, especially
in the Victorian era. Feminism grew around the society that time, that
influenced such writer as Bronte sisters, Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Anne Bronte, and the others. They contributed not only to the development of the novel but also to the position of women’s position at that time. Their novels described how women was posited, how they viewed around society, how they demonstrated new society, psychology, and emotion (Carter & McRae 311).
is passionate and unafraid of her strong feelings. Charlotte Bronte has made the reflection of women that can experience deep love and begin to take responsibility for their own lives.
Emily Bronte with the novel Wuthering Heights was published in 1847, it was a tragic circle from relative peace and harmony to violence, destruction and intense suffering, and finally back into peace and harmony again. It is a work of extreme contrasts set in the wild moorland of Yorkshire, which is appropriate to the wild passions it describes between two main character, Cathy and Heathcliff. In the novel the incident is described as if it were a dream, but there is a strong emotional and psychological reality to it. It is balanced between dream and reality, lucidly capturing the extreme feelings of Cathy.
they were discouraged to make their own power, for Wollstonecraft she stated that every person deserve the education, deserve an equal chance to develop their moral and rational chances so they can achieve full personhood (Tong 15). Meanwhile, Elizabeth Cady Stanton stand for the right of women in women’s parental and cosdity right, divorce law, birth control, employment
and income rights. Furthermore, she gained the act of Married Women’s Property in 1848 that every women will be legally granted of property from their husband (Stanton 110).
In this thesis the researcher analyze the novel of Anne Bronte ‘’The Tenant of Wildfell hall’’ which related with the same issue about Feminism in 19th, this novel give the exact relation of Feminism in Victorian Era. However, the researcher try to find out the issues that related with the title about ‘’A study of First – Wave Feminism: Rebelation of Helen Huntington Against her Abusive Husband from the Novel ‘The Tenant of Wildfell Hall’ by Anne
Bronte’’.
I.2 Statement of the Problem
1. Why does Helen Huntington point out the act of rebelation in the novel ‘’The Tenant of Wildfell Hall’’ ?
2. How does Helen Huntington show the act rebelation against her husband?
I.3 Objectives of the Study
Based on the statement of the problem, the researcher intends to find better way to understand the meaning of feminist based from the novel of feminist, Anne Bronte.
1. To find out the reason of Helen Huntington rebels from her husband. 2. To find out how the way of Helen Huntington shows the rebelationn act
against her abusive husband.
I.4 Scope and Limitation
Based on the novel there are many characters that show the roles but only one character that with the theory, Helen hutington predominate the
rebelation act in this novel. Therefore, this thesis limits in the dicussion of Helen’s rebelation act only. The act can be seen from the way of Helen’s rebel, and why she ran away from her abbusive husband.
I.5 Significance of the Study
The findings of this thesis expected to give valuable contributions
Practically, it will gives some information about First – Wave Feminism from this novel. Hopefully, it will help the reader to define what is the rebelation act in First – Wave Feminism based on the character of Helen Huntington. The last, the researcher expects this study is helpful enough for the other researchers that have the same related topics.
I.6 Methodology of the Study
This research method that will be used in this thesis for the resources data collection and research analysis is descriptive qualitative method, which means that the resources of data can be collected from any kind of literature sources. Hence, this study is a library research as the data will be taken in the form of words rather than number. Therefore, the researcher will use some sources for the research such as from books, journals, articles, including the novel.
A.Data Source
The data source is a novel by Anne Bronte The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, which tells the rebelion of Helen Huntington from the abusive husband as well to protect her son.
B. Data Collection
2. Selecting the data from the novel that have the relation with the research problem,
3. Find out the sources, books, journals, or articles that relate with the novel and the research such as the historical of Victorian Era, Concept of the First – Wave Feminism, and the history of Feminism in United Kingdom,
4. Collect the data which are relate with the rebelation of Helen Huntington based on the novel and relate the data with the First – Wave Feminism,
5. Make the conclusion after find out the final result.
C. Data Analysis
1. Analyze the data that relate with the main character problem in the novel The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
To answer the research questions, the researcher needs to understand the related theory. Then, the theory explained in this chapter is about Feminism in the First – Wave, and the researcher will find the exact point with the theory used.
2.I Theoretical Framework
Gender problem has become the phenomenon in this globalization.
However, the difference of gender position between men and women make the modes of gender power and the disadvantage (Tyson 92). Mostly, this gender differences tend to bring the oppression to women, since women are physically weaker than men. According to Tyson „‟some feminists call their field
feminisms in order to underscore the multiplicity of points view of its adherents and offerways of thinking that oppose the traditional tendency to believe there is a single best point of view‟‟ (Tyson 83). It means that feminist call their field feminism because most of feminist insist the traditional
tendency in one single point of view.
2.II Feminism
will oppress them from their position. However, according to Lois Tyson she stated that:
„‟Patriarchy continually exerts forces that undermine women‟s self-confidence and assertiveness, then points to the absence of these qualities as proof that women are naturally, and therefore correctly, self-effacing and submissive‟‟ (Tyson 87). The statement means that Patriarchy always has the power that gives the oppression to women‟s self-confidence and their assertiveness. However, traditional gender roles shows that men are rationally and physically strong, protective, and decisive, while women tend to show their emotion (irrationality), weakness, nurture, and submission (Tyson 85).
Feminist perspective has denied such differences as physical size, shape, and body because it could mean that men are naturally superior than women. Fundamentally, feminist movement has its goal for the elimination of social, economic, and cultural oppression to women, although the pressure place to different elements that bring the variety during the history of movements. According to Gardner, the movements are divided into three waves, those are: firsts wave of feminism from the mid – 1800s to 1920 in the United State and United Kingdom; second wave that covers the period of intese feminist activity in 1960s and 1970s in both Europe and United State; the third wave of
First wave (1800s – 1920)
The first wave was the period of challenges to the legal and social inequalities in the United States and United Kingdom. This period of feminist political activity began earlier, with the publication of feminist philosopher Mary Wollstonecrafts that give the call for female equality in her work A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. However, mostly the works in the first waves of feminism refered to the social and economic barriers to the women, for instace that women were not allowed to control their own property and earnings. Instead, marriage was the appropriate destination and goal for women‟s energies. Hence, philosophical writing of Harriet Taylor Mill in the late 1800s has argued that women should be given for their economic opportunities, and against the oppressive
institution of marriage. Furthermore, the reformer of this first waves often focused on reforming different aspects of women‟s lives, such as marital laws and education (Gardner 26).
Second wave (1960s – 1970s)
The second wave of feminism bring the intense for the feminist activity in 1960s until 1970s around Europe and United Stated. The Feminine Mistique work of Betty Friedan described the frustration experienced by women that were trapped in domestic roles. Fruthermore Freidan founded the National Organization for Woman (NOW) in 1966 in order to
education and the work place. The feminism of NOW that concerned in civil rights, was grounded in the theory of political liberalism.
The women‟s liberation movement was a more radical movement. Typically, these groups were formed by women of the 1960s such as, civil right movement but who had been discouraged by the sexism within these male dominated movements (Gardner 27).
Third waves
According to Tong, third-wave feminists are more than willing to accommodate diversity and change. They are particularly eager to
understand the ways in which gender oppression and other kinds of human oppression co-create and co-maintain each other. For third-wave feminists, difference is the way things are. (Tong 272)
Feminism still catagorized based from the ideology of feminist those are, Liberal Feminism, Radical Feminism, Marxist and Socialist
and with her husband friends do; Helen Huntington also wants to show the strength of her to be free from her abbusive husband, which is show the way she ran away from her abbusive husband and free from her
boundaries with her husband. Feminism in First – Waves tend to be more focus to equal education, married women property right, cusdoty of infants right, etc. Hence, for the concept of feminism in the First – Wave this thesis using the concept of Marry Wollstonecraft, John Stuart Milll, and Harriet Taylor Mill. However, the concept of these three feminist have the exact like the novel.
2.II.1. Marry Wollstonecraft’s Feminism Concept
Marry Wollstonecraft write in time (1759 – 1799) it was when the economic and women position were declined. At first, the industrialization moved slowly and unevenly, this make the biggest impact to marriage, borgouise women. However, these women lefted with little productive to do. Married to relatively wealthy professional and entrepreneurial men, these women had no incentive to work outside the home or, if they had several servants, even inside it (Eisenstein 96).
(Tong 13). Although, Wollstonecraft did not use the term of „‟social
constructed gender roles‟‟ Wollstonecraft denied that women are by nature more pleasure seeking and pleasure giving than men. Wollstonecraft stated that men can develop the same flawed as women (Ibid 23).
Emile (novel) written by Jean-Jacques Rosseu explained that men should be more educated in virtues such as courage, temperance, justice, and fortitude, whereas women should be educated in virtues such as patience, docility, good humor, and flexibility. While, the ideal women based from the novel is like dabbles in music, art, fiction, and poetry while refining the homemaking skill. Wollstonecraft agree with the description of Emile character in the novel but not the Sophie as the woman character, Sophie would become a detriment rather than a complement to her husband, a creature of bad sensibility rather than good sense (Wollstonecraft 61). In this case based from the novel emile, Wollstonecraft provide the education just like the man character in emile, with this kind of education can develop their rational and moral capacities, their full human potential. Furthermore, Wellstonecraft develop her arguments about the education parity in beneficial term (Tong, 14).
Wollstonecraft show the perception of strong women in mind and body, a women who is not a slave to their passion, her husband, or her children. Hence, for Wollstonecraft the ideal women should be less intereted in fulfilling herself, if by self-fulfillment is meant for fulfilling the desire then there will be no excercising self – control. Wollstonecraft wants women should have their personhood, she claimed that a woman should not be reduced to the “toy of
man, his rattle,” which “must jingle in his ears whenever, dismissing reason, he chooses to be amused” (Wollstonecraft 34). In other words, a woman is not a
“mere means,” or instrument, to one or more man‟s pleasure or happiness.
Rather, she is an “end-in-herself,” a rational agent whose dignity consists in having the capacity for self-determination (Kant 63). For instance, if husband treat his wife as no more special, he treats her as an object to his own pleasure. (Tong16).
2.II.2. John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Mill’s Feminism Concept
gender justice, then society must provide women with political rights, econimic oportunities, as well the equal education as men can (Tong 16). Mill and Taylor focus on the topic of marriage and divorce which are not surprising for them. They have a good relationship but does not mean they have to agree each other. However, Taylor assumed that women will be the one that rear their children to adulthood in the divorce. From that way, Taylor warned women to have few children. On the contrary, Mill insist couples to marry late, have children late, and live in extended family or communelike situations to minimize the effect of divorce in children. Hence, Mill thinks that divorce in men or even women can effect to their children lives (Mill et Taylor 75).
For Taylor and Mill did not contest traditional assumption about men and women Child-rearing roles, but for Taylor did contest traditional assumption about women‟s choice for marriage and motherhood rather than career or occupation. For Mill stated that even women were full of education and freedom, most of them would choose to stay in the private realm, where their main function would be „‟adorn and beautify‟‟ rather than to „‟support‟‟ life.
While, in the book „‟Enfranchisement of Women‟‟ by Harriet Taylor argued
that women need to do more than read books, and cast ballots. However, they also need to be partners with men‟‟in the labors and gains, risk and
remunerations of productive industry‟‟ (Tong 17).
the house. However, Taylor believed that women have three options; those are adding a career or an occupation to her domestic, maternal and responsibilities (Tong 17). Taylor claimed that women cannot be the same equal as their husband place, unless they have confidence and sense of entitlement that come from the contributing „‟materially to the support of the family‟‟ (Ibid 105). Taylor argued the statement of Mill which is about that women‟s economic
equality would depress the economy and subsequently wages (Mill and Taylor 74). Taylor statement is :
„‟ Even if every woman, as matters now stand, had a claim on some man for support, how infinitely preferable is it that part of the income should be of the woman‟s earning, even if the aggregate sum were but little increased by it, rather than that she should be compelled to stand aside in order that men may be the sole earners, and the sole dispensers of what is earned (Taylor 105).‟‟
Which means from the statement that women should not being the slave of their husband, they should earn an income outside the home.
women‟s rational power were recognized as equal as men, then the society will get significant benefit such as: public – spirited citizens for society itself, intelectually stimulating spouses for husbands, a doubling of “mass of mental
faculties available for the higher service of humanity,‟‟ and a multitude of very happy women (Mill and Taylor 221).
In Mill cases of Women Liberation, this did not depend on the ability to prove that all women can do anything that men can do, it depends on the ability that some women can do anything that men can do (Okin 197). Mill states that even women cannot do the things like the men do but do not mean women were forbidden to do the things men do. However, Mill believe that if women have the same liberties as men do, and if women were taught to get the good value of the whole then women would develope the real unselfishness. Also Mill insist that men are not intellectually superior to women, and intuitiveness as a superior form of knowledge not often found in men (Mill 156).
2.III. Review of Related Literature
In review of related literature, the researcher finds out several previous studies about the research that have the simililarities and the differences with the
researcher thesis. The first previous study is from Airlangga University, the thesis titled „‟The Potrayal of Women as Seen in Anne Bronte’s Agnes Grey.’’ This thesis is about the potrayal of Victorian women based from the novel Anne
roles and patriarchy but also capitalism ideology. This thesis analyze the events, dialogues, and conflict in the novel with the concept of Victorian women.
The second previous study is from University of Kentucky, the research titled „‟The Contest of Marriage: Domestic Authority in The Victorian Novel’’ by Morgan Richardson. This thesis explain about the contest in marriage and the novel „‟The Tenant of Wildfell Hall’’ included in this research. Neverthless, this thesis put several novel for the research that discuss about the difficulties in marriage.
The third is from a journal by Jessica Cox the title „‟Gender, Conflict,
Continuity: Anne Bronte’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) and Sarah Grand’s
The Heavenly Twins (1893).’’ This research discuss two novels with the related issue about Gender and Conflict where women in both novel have the difficulties with the problem of marriage.
These previous studies have the similarities and differences with the researcher thesis, like from the first study is about women potrayal in Victorian Era, which is the same as the researcher thesis from the character of Hellen shows the
more than one novel while the researcher only use one novel for the object. The third previous study similarities with the researcher thesis is that the research is about gender, conflict, and also continuity which is tells about the gender position in women specifically. Hence, this research has the same content with the
CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS
The researcher has discussed in the chapter two that First – Wave focuse is on the women’s equality and against the gender patriarchal in the 18th
century, specifically that happen to the middle class women. This analysis can be the reflection of women, from women’s thoughts, emotions, even their rebelation of their will. To find out the phenomenon, the researcher focus is on the act of rebelation from the woman character in this novel. This heroine character was reflecting to the women’s feeling and women’s difficulties to take their freedom (middle class women).
A. Rebelation of Helen Huntington
The researcher focuses is on the Rebelation act of Helen Huntington against her husband, but before the researcher explain about the act of Helen this research will reveal the act of Helen’s Rebelation. That shows in some of pages.
‘’ He paused a moment, as if dumbfoundered* or uncertain how to answer such a speech, and then turned and walked away. This was only an hour after dinner: I knew he would find it very dull to sit alone all the evening; and this considerably softened my resentment, though it did not make me relent. I was determined to shew him that my heart was not his slave, and I could live without him if I chose; and I sat down and wrote a long letter to my aunt—of course telling her nothing of all this. Soon after ten o'clock, I heard him come up again; but he passed my door and went straight to his own dressing-room, where he shut himself in for the night.’’ (199)
'I have such confidence in him, aunt, notwithstanding all you say, that I would willingly risk my happiness for the chance of securing his. I will leave better men to those who only consider their own advantage. If he has done amiss, I shall consider my life well spent in saving him from the consequences of his early errors, and striving to recall him to the path of virtue.*—God grant me success!'’’(142)
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall story is about the heroine character, Helen Huntington with the courageous and independent character. When she was eighteen, she fell in loves with a man named Arthur Huntington otherwise her aunt never agree of their relationship. However, Mrs.Maxwell (Helen’s aunt)
always remind her to be picky to choose the eternity couple for marriage, and Arthur is too wild for Helen, but by the time Helen still choose her own choice and marry with Arthur. Not very long, their marriage become a nightmare for Helen, she regrets that she ever marry with Arthur that Helen starts think Arthur has no morals, and very disgraceful. Furthermore, Helen and Arthur never fit each other, and Arthur start left her all the time for the business purpose and has no time for Helen, but Helen always thinks that it is only Arthur’s excuses. However,
Arthur starts having affair with Lady Loubourgh (Annabella) and Helen recognize of her husband act. Helen start asks for the seperation, and to bring little Arthur with her (Helen’s son) but her husband not allowing that, he makes Helen suffer
in the mansion and abuse Helen whenever Arthur feels bored of her. Hence, Helen never stop to against her husband, and the only way is that Helen run away with her son and with her nursery, Rachel.
it was not such one easy thing for Helen, she realizes there are so many differences between Helen and Arthur that it turns into displeasing Helen.
B. The Rebelation of Helen to Choose Arthur Huntington
Helen rebelation to choose Arthur was done to her aunt in the first phase, Helen’s aunt ask her to marry with her aunt, Mr. Boarham. However, Helen thinks
that it is matter for her not to be very meek as woman, Helen thinks that she choose her own rights even if it’s risk her life. The case of Helen and her aunt was happen when Hellen’s aunt introduce Mr. Boarham when the ball but then Helen
shows a rejection by saying
‘’ I believe, thought I could not do better than marry him; but, besides being old, he was ugly and disagreeable,—and wicked, I am sure, though my aunt scolded me for saying so’’ (126)
Helen’s meaning that she cannot marry him even he is a rich man, and her aunt
thinks Mr.Boarham is better respectable man for Helen but Helen thinks that Mr.Boarham is too old for Helem so she rejects to get closer with him. However, Helen is more interest to Arthur Huntington while the ball, Helen thinks that Arthur saves her from the boredom of Mr.Boarham.
Helen rejects her aunt request to be with Mr.Boarham, Helen thinks that her met with Mr.Boarham when the ball was terible, she thinks there was no interest otherwise it was boring for Helen. Neverthless, Helen’s aunt asks Helen’s
said that Arthur is not like her aunt thinks, Helen rejects her aunt view about Arthur.
‘’'He was not officious at all, aunt: he never attempted to help me, till he saw Mr. Boarham coming to do so; and then he stepped laughingly forward and said, "Come I'll preserve you from that infliction." '’’ (128) The ball was went well for Helen but the next day Helen’s aunt invite
Mr.Boarham to come to propose Helen, since Helen’s aunt has been expect Helen to marry the proper man. However, it was not acceptable for Helen, Helen asked to her aunt was this one of the agreement from her uncle as well, and her aunt answered that her uncle will agree if Helen does. Hence, Helen tells to her aunt that she did not like Mr.Boarham, Helen choose to rebel her aunt because she cannot better love Mr.Boarham, and Helen thinks that Mr.Boarham was too old for her.
‘’'I shall refuse him, of course, but you must tell me how, for I want to be civil and yet decided—and when I've got rid of him, I'll give you my reasons afterwards.'’’ (130)
What Helen said was implied that she has her own decision and her aunt cannot force Helen as well, Helen has the reason why would she rejected Mr.Boarham, Helen thinks what Mr.Boarham likes was dissimilar with Helen, and he is too old for Helen.
Helen thinks that she cannot marry with the man that dissimilar with her, and have many different aspect with her. Helen expects that she can get marry with the man that she completely love, from Helen’s statement shows how far diffrent is
Mr.Boarham for Helen’s expectation.
After Helen argument with her aunt, she decided to met Mr.Boarham and soon did the rejection, Helen said to Mr.Boarham that she rejected his proposal because she cannot love him like Mr.Boarham did to Helen. However, Mr.Boarham tried to conviced Helen that he would love Helen and do everything for her, even Mr.Boarham asks Helen to think twice for her rejection.
‘’'I know, my dear, that there exists a considerable disparity between us in years, in temperament, and perhaps some other things, but let me assure you, I shall not be severe to mark the faults and foibles of a young and ardent nature such as yours, and while I acknowledge them to myself, and even rebuke them with all a father's care, believe me, no youthful lover could be more tenderly indulgent towards the object of his affections, than I to you; and, on the other hand, let me hope that my more experienced years and graver habits of reflection will beno disparagement in your eyes, as I shall endeavour to make them all conducive to your happiness. Come now! What do you say?—Let us have no young lady's affectations and caprices, but speak out at once!'’’ (132)
Hence, Helen’s decision cannot be changed again, Helen said that she rejected
Mr.Boarham, even Mr.Boarham wanted to make clarify to Helen’s aunt again, but Helen said that every decision was taken in Helen’s hand, Helen took her own
liberty that she would not let any persuasion change her mind.
After the rejection of suitor, Helen visited the dinner party with her aunt and her uncle in Mr.Wilmots house, she met Arthur there, at the first Helen did not know that Arthur would talk with her since Helen thinks that Arthur was more interested with Miss Wilmot, but then Arthur takes Helen’s hand and having small
conversation in another room. However, Helen’s aunt has came and asked Helen
to back home earlier, Helen felt that she will earn lectured from her aunt. Hence, they got back home and Helen’s aunt talked about the discussion about choosing
life partners, and Helen’s aunt warn Helen not to get fooled by a man like Arthur.
‘’'And do you remember how I warned you against letting your heart be stolen from you by those unworthy of its possession; and fixing your affections where approbation did not go before, and where reason and judgment withheld their sanction?'’’ (140)
But this become the rejection by Helen, Helen thinks that her aunt did know anything about Arthur, for Helen Arthur is respectable enough, even thought it was not really respectable like her aunt expected but Helen thinks that she would lead Arthur to learn to be good.
‘’'I have such confidence in him, aunt, notwithstanding all you say, that I would willingly risk my happiness for the chance of securing his. I will leave better men to those who only consider their own advantage. If he has done amiss, I shall consider my life well spent in saving him from the consequences of his early errors, and striving to recall him to the path of virtue.*—God grant me success!'’’ (142)
What Helen said to her aunt represent Helen’s liberation that her reason to choose
impossible if Helen thinks she could change the real character of Arthur to be more respectable.
After several days, Helen’s aunt held a party in her house and all gentlemen were invited, she met Arthur again that time but some diffrent condition that she also got quarrel with Arthur, at the first Helen was enjoyed her time painted what she likes in the drawing-room and there Arthur came in and saw what Helen had with her painting, but then Arthur open up Helen’s book which was full of
unfinished painting, and it displeased Helen so Helen tried to took it away from Arthur and throw it in the fire place. However, this made Arthur shocked of Helen’s behavior, after what Helen did Arthur it took days for Arthur talk with
Helen again, Arthur confess that he likes Helen and he wanted that Helen could changed him to be better man. Hence, Helen’s aunt knew that Arthur propose Helen and Helen’s aunt somehow cannot accept this but at last Helen’s aunt
cannot do anything to stop her, and Helen’s aunt allowed her to married with
Arthur.
‘’'I am surprised. If it is true that you told him you could not accept his offer without our consent—'
'It is true,' interrupted I.
'Then how could you permit—'
'I couldn't help it, aunt,' I cried bursting into tears. They were not
altogether the tears of sorrow, or of fear for her displeasure, but rather the outbreak of the general tumultuous excitement of my feelings. But my good aunt was touched at my agitation. In a softer tone, she repeated her recommendation to retire’’ (160)
Helen’s aunt know. However, Helen still thinks that every decision was in her
hand, and no one can stop it.
C. The Reason Rebelation of Helen to Her Will
The first Matrimonial of Helen and Arthur, has went well but soon was
complained to Helen that he felt not really satishfy with Helen, Arthur thinks that Helen was more pay attention to her God, yet Arthur expects Helen would pay attention to him more. However, Helen thinks that it is one wrong thing of Arthur mindset, so Helen said
‘’'I will give my whole heart and soul to my Maker if I can,' I answered, 'and not one atom more of it to you than He allows. What are you, sir, that you should set yourself up as a god, and presume to dispute possession of my heart with Him to whom I owe all I have and all I am, every blessing I ever did or ever can enjoy—‘’ (193)
The statement that Helen said to Arthur was represented that she cannot love Arthur more than Her God, for Helen to love the Maker was more important than loving Arthur first, Helen’s reason to rebel was for her rights to love the Maker
more, and Helen also expects to Arthur that he could loves the maker first so his love to Helen could be more pure.
‘’'you don't love me half as much as I do you; and yet, if you loved me far less than you do, I would not complain, provided you loved your Maker more. I should rejoice to see you at any time, so deeply absorbed in your devotions that you had not a single thought to spare for me. But, indeed, I should lose nothing by the change, for the more you loved your God the more deep and pure and true would be your love to me.'’’(194)
former lovers, he thinks that it was fun to make Helen jealous by this way. Hence, this has made Helen agitated, Helen felt even mad when Arthur told his former lover with lady F, and this made Helen regret that she had ever choose got married with Arthur. Neverthless, Arthur did not felt any mistake that he had done to Helen, Arthur was laughing at Helen and he said he did not trust that Helen would hate him.
‘’'If you had told me these things before, Arthur, I never should have given you the chance.'
''Wouldn't you, my darling!' 'Most certainly not!'
He laughed incredulously.
'I wish I could convince you of it now!' cried I, starting up from beside him; and for the first time in my life, and I hope the last, I wished I had not married him.
'Helen,' said he, more gravely, 'do you know that if I believed you now, I should be very angry?—but thank Heaven I don't.’’ (198-199)
Helen tried to rebel Arthur because she thinks that what Arthur did to her is displeaseful, Helen liberation has the reason that Arthur should learn from his mistakes, and Helen thinks that her heart was not his slave
‘’ I was determined to shew him that my heart was not his slave, and I could live without him if I chose;’’(199)
After the quarrel Helen had with her husband, when the morning she tried to make everything better, in fact Helen heard that her husband would leave to London, so Helen asked her husband what aim he had on London. However, Helen’s husband answered that he felt Helen did not love her, but Helen clarified
it to her husband that Helen would if he did not mistreated Helen’s feeling, so he
After all what Helen had with her husband, Helen was gave birth of one and only son that meant so much for Helen. However, Helen had made promised that she will never left her little Arthur in danger, and she would do everything for her own son. Neverthless, it was diffrent with Arthur impression at firt, Arthur thinks that he could not love his own son, but by the time Arthur could gave the love to his son
‘’He has won his father's heart at last; and now my constant terror is, lest he should be ruined by that father's thoughtless indulgence.’’(232)
Helen’s fear that her son would follow the path as her husband did all these time,
Arthur was an indulgence, selfish man, and Helen afraid if she shoud spoil her own child.
was sad to know that Helen should have such a husband like Arthur, Helen has heard from Mr.Hargrave also, a respectable man that Helen consider,
Mr.Hargrave told Helen there was something wrong with Arthur while Arthur was in London. In the evening, Helen would gladly looked for her husband so she went out to infront of her house, but sadly she knewe there was Arthur and Lady Louborough having affair.
'But tell me, don't you love her still—a little?' said she placing her hand on his arm and looking earnestly in his face—for I could see them plainly, the moon shining full upon them from between the branches of the tree that sheltered me.
'Not one bit, by all that's sacred!' he replied, kissing her glowing cheek’’(291)
Helen felt it was wrong she should married Arthur before, and it was very dissapoinment that she should trusted Arthur that much. However, after what Helen noticed she asked to leave the house and take little Arthur with her.
‘’ 'Only this,' returned I: 'will you let me take our child and what remains of my fortune, and go?'
'Go where?'
'Anywhere, where he will be safe from your contaminating influence, and I shall be delivered from your presence—and you from mine.'
'No—by Jove I won't!'’’(294)
tortured her, sometimes Arthur was too drunk and mocked Helen with his other friends.
‘’When he is under the exciting influence of these excesses, he sometimes fires up and attempts to play the brute; and then I take little pains to suppressmy scorn and disgust: when he is under the depressing influence of the after consequences, he bemoans his sufferings and his errors, and charges them both upon me; he knows such indulgence injures his health, and does him more harm than good; but he says I drive him to it by my unnatural, unwomanly conduct; it will be the ruin of him in the end, but it is all my fault;—and then, I am roused to defend myself—sometimes, with bitter recrimination.’’(309)
Helen did her recrimination was because she felt injustice for what her husband done to her, Helen was sacrifice everything for Arthur but all what he did to Helen was something unpleasant, afterall Helen has been felt that Arthur always put the blame to her, so in return Helen must fought back to Arthur.
On February 10th, Helen tried everything back like before, she tried to be kind to Arthur, to love him fondly, because she felt that Arthur was misserably ill because his own indulgence, hence it did not worked out, Arthur did the reverse. However, when Arthur and Helen were sitting in the same table and Arthur was opened the letter from Lady Louborough, he asked Helen to take lesson from Lady Louboroug affection letter that belongs to Arthur. Hence, Helen saw her only son delighted playing with Arthur’s hand and his ruby ring on his finger. Helen could not bare it, and she took her son away from him to other room, she has reason because she did not want her son to act like her husband, but instead her son cried wanted to be her husband that straightly broke her heart.
see and misconstrue my emotion. He swore at me, and took the now pacified child away.’’ (311)
Helen has decided to ran away from her husband for the sake of her son, Helen felt that there are alot of bad influence that his husband and his husband’s friends
would gave to her son, even Arthur has taught his son to drink wine and cursed to Helen.
‘’ So the little fellow came down every evening, in spite of his cross mamma, and learnt to tipple wine like papa, to swear like Mr. Hattersley, and to have his own way like a man, and sent mamma to the devil when she tried to prevent him.’’ (335)
Helen has alot of reasons why would she ran away from her husband, Helen cannot bare any longer to be with Arthur, she cannot accept what Arthur affected to his own son, she got sickening of Arthur which was he always humiliate Helen, and Arthur never allowed any seperation for Helen. Hence, the better way for Helen was ran away from Arthur, that there are no expectation in him anymore.
D.The Rebelation Act of Helen Towards her Husband (Arthur Huntington)
The Rebelation of Helen towards her Husband is the second phase that it becomes the effect of Helen liberation towards her aunt (Mrs.Maxwell). Hence in this chapter also explain that Helen does many rebelation to her husband.
something that you are', you are too religious’’ but Helen thinks that she will always put the Maker in the first line.
‘’'No, darling; but you are making more progress towards that saintly condition than I like; for, all these two hours, I have been thinking of you and wanting to catch your eye, and you were so absorbed in your
devotions that you had not even a glance to spare for me—I declare, it is enough to make one jealous of one's Maker—which is very wrong, you know; so don't excite such wicked passions again, for my soul's sake.' 'I will give my whole heart and soul to my Maker if I can,' I answered, 'and not one atom more of it to you than He allows. What are you, sir, that you should set yourself up as a god, and presume to dispute possession of my heart with Him to whom I owe all I have and all I am, every blessing I ever did or ever can enjoy—and yourself among the rest—if you are a blessing, which I am half inclined to doubt.'’’ (193)
The reply of Helen towards her husband shows that she wants to possess her heart to the Maker, in Helen opinion she owes alot to the Maker and she has no reason not to excite her passion to God like Arthur asks to her. However, Helen’s action to stand for her religion is one of the feminist liberation. The book of Tong says that the concept of classical liberal should protect the civil libertier for instance in property rights, voting rights, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of association ( Tong 12).
former lovers that and turn Helen into her indignation. Otherwise Arthur thinks that Helen get jealous and laugh at her, and would make Helen into calmness silence. However, Helen never expects that Arthur would have diffrent interest with her and displease her after they got married, but Helen still choose to love Arthur and would not regret to choose him as her fate.
In the April 4th As Arthur has told Helen about his former lover, the Lady F that Helen almost cannot believe before, Helen hates everything about Lady F, but Arthur still likes to talk about her whenever she expects that he suppose not to mention her. Helen thinks that it is the Lady F to be blame, however she thinks that the Lady F has injured Arthur and also decieve her husband. But Arthur still defend her by saying that Helen is too severe to her, Helen almost regret that she marry with a man like him. Helen thinks that she should not give him a chance if she knows already about what he did with Lady F.
‘’'Not because you loved her, Arthur, mind, but because she injured you, and deceived her husband,* and was altogether a very abominable woman, whom you ought to be ashamed to mention.'
But he defended her by saying that she had a doting old husband, whom it was impossible to love.
'Then why did she marry him?' said I. 'For his money,' was the reply.
'Then that was another crime, and her solemn promise to love and honour him was another, that only increased the enormity of the last.'
'You are too severe upon the poor lady,' laughed he. 'But never mind, Helen, I don't care for her now; and I never loved any of them half as much as I do you; so you needn't fear to be forsaken like them.'
'If you had told me these things before, Arthur, I never should have given you the chance.'
''Wouldn't you, my darling!' 'Most certainly not!'
He laughed incredulously.
'I wish I could convince you of it now!' cried I, starting up from beside him; and for the first time in my life, and I hope the last, I wished I had not
The conversation shows that how Helen regrets of her own choice before but she has no other way except to be with Arthur, and accepting him. Hence, Helen knows what Arthur did before that makes her even agitated so she decides to left the room and left Arthur alone. However, the act that Helen takes is one of her rebelation towards Arthur, she has no fear of him that she thinks what Arthur did to her is displeasing her, she says ‘’ 'No; you have displeased me,' I replied, 'and I don't want to see your face or hear your voice again till the morning.'’’ Helen also emphasizing that her heart is not his slave, and she can live even without him ‘’ I was determined to shew him that my heart was not his slave, and I could live without him if I chose’’ (199).
that Helen should let the dog go out, in fact that Arthur’s dog is the only
amusement for him that time. Arthur questioning why would Helen let the dog out, so Helen answers there is no need to make the dog stay in the room if Arthur will only throw the dog with book. Furthermore, when Helen takes the book, she tries to read it that in fact she gets difficulties to focus for what she reads, Arthur questioning Helen, does Helen enjoy the books and she replies in return that she does enjoy the book. However, it took silence for both of them until Helen decides to make tea for Arthur, and left after she has done, yet Arthur calls her again till Helen waits for his command but Arthur asks her to go instead.
‘’'Helen!' cried he, the moment I had left the room. I turned back, and stood awaiting his commands.
'What do you want, Arthur?' I said at length. 'Nothing,' replied he. 'Go!'’’ (202)
Helen thinks that Arthur does not need anything but when she go out she hears Arthur muttering something like ‘’confounded slut’’ but she tries to think Arthur
would say the other thing.
Helen already knows that he will go to London and she should not let Arthur go to London, Helen waits for hours to ask Arthur about his purposes until Helen heard Arthur have disputation with one of the servant that in fact he cannot go to
London because the condition of the horse, and he can make it if only tomorrow. Hence, Helen starts asks him where Arthur want to go and why, so he replies that he wants to go to London because he feels that Helen did not loves him. But Helen answers that she would love him if he diserve it.
‘’'Where do you want to go, Arthur?' said I. 'To London,' replied he, gravely.
'What for?' I asked.
'Because I cannot be happy here.' 'Why not?'
'Because my wife doesn't love me.'
'She would love you with all her heart, if you deserved it.' 'What must I do to deserve it?'’’ (203)
Helen intended meaning is that Arthur does not diserve the love of Helen, since he mistreat her alot of time before, yet Helen says Arthur will diserve it if he take her heart gratefully, and treat it well but not do the otherwise and laugh in her face. Hence, Arthur asks Helen will her be a good girl for him, which make it sounds arrogant with the smile in Arthur’s face that make it displeasement for Helen even
more. But, Arthur asks her again with other question, that will Helen forgive his mistakes
‘’'Come then, Helen, are you going to be a good girl?' said he. This sounded rather too arrogant, and the smile that accompanied it did not please me. I therefore hesitated to reply. Perhaps, my former answer had implied too much: he had heard my voice falter, and might have seen me brush away a tear.
Arthur starts becoming more humble to Helen, and Helen forgive Arthur. However, at last Arthur asks Helen to go with him to London.
By the time, Helen and Arthur have through their days joyfully and sometimes sorrow could come to them, Helen has through very difficult time of getting know the behavior of Arthur they way he left Helen with long period of time, since Helen get tired of Arthur’s activity while he is in London so Arthur let Helen back to Grassdale. Hence, after Helen’s back in Grassdale Arthur rarely to send Helen
letter, if Arthur sends her letter those letters only short replies and very usual words that Arthur send to Helen.
‘’ No Arthur yet; and for many days I have beenlooking and longing in vain for a letter. His letters, when they come, are kind—if fair words and endearing epithets can give them a claim to the title—but very short, and full of trivial excuses and promises that I cannot trust’’
Afterall Arthur back to Grassdale, everything was a spoil for him from Helen, Helen serve him everything he wants and never for once he feeling displeased by Helen as well. However, sometimes she plays him piano, sometimes reads him book, sometimes talks to him and no one could ever fondly love Arthur as Helen does. Still, not so far Arthur has back to his usual character like before as lusty and reckless as he is before, and mischief as he is before.
Arthur invites all his friends to Grassdale and their wifes as well, Helen let Arthur to have his own enjoyment eventhough there are some of Arthur’s friends
Annabella, even when Annabella play her piano and singing Arthur would enjoy it around her, Arthur leaning back on Annabella chair and facing Annabella’s face really close. Otherwise, Helen tries to look fine and sit around Mr.Hargrave’s
chair, until all the guests retiring from the room and Arthur approaching Helen and questioning does she okay, but it shows no good in her face so Helen answering that it is not a joke to lose Helen’s affection towards Arthur. Hence, Arthur hold Helen’s hands which Helen disgusted and Helen knows that Arthur is
affected with wine, and Arthur starts asking forgiveness to Helen again. However, Helen tries to convince Arthur that she does not feel any jealousy in her, and she feels completely fine but in return it makes Arthur smile which Helen hates the most
'Be quiet a moment, will you Arthur,' said I, 'and listen to me—and don't think I'm in a jealous fury: I am perfectly calm. Feel my hand.' And I gravely extended it towards him—but closed it upon his with an energy that seemed to disprove the assertion, and made him smile. 'You needn't smile, sir,' said I, still tightening my grasp, and looking steadfastly on him till he almost quailed before me. 'You may think it all very fine, Mr. Huntingdon, to amuse yourself with rousing my jealousy; but take care you don't rouse my hate instead. And when you have once extinguished my love, you will find it no easy matter to kindle it again.'
'Well Helen, I won't repeat the offence. But I meant nothing by it, I assure you. I had taken too much wine, and I was scarcely myself, at the time.'’’ (223)
Helen try to say to Arthur that what has done to her are displease, and disgust her but Arthur would always asks forgiveness and tell alot of promises to Helen that he would not do the same again. Hence, Helen already lose her trust on him but Arthur tries to convince Helen proving her.
accept the arrival of his new baby but by the time he can accept him, that little Arthur can win his fathe’s heart. Othewise, this bring the terror for Helen as well, Helen’s fear that Arthur would influence the bad behavior to his own son, but
Helen still loves Arthur no matter his behavior can displease her. However, Helen still thinks Arthur is very loving man to her and still would love Helen
‘’Arthur is not what is commonly called a bad man: he has many good qualities; but he is a man without self-restraint or lofty aspirations—a lover of pleasure, given up to animal enjoyments: he is not a bad husband, but his notions of matrimonialduties and comforts are not my notions. Judging from appear ances, his idea of a wife, is a thing to love one devotedly and to stay at home—to wait upon her husband, and amuse him and minister to his comfort in every possible way, while he chooses to stay with her; and, when he is absent, to attend to his interests, domestic or otherwise, and patiently wait his return; no matter how he may be occupied in the meantime.’’(233)
Arthur left Helen to London and this time become the suffer for Helen even more, Helen has known that Arthur would do this escape and foget his promises after he made it so well to Helen. In fact, Arthur left her in long temporary months and gives he short and cold replies
‘’It was early in March that he went, and he did not return till July. This time, he did not trouble himself to make excuses as before, and his letters were less frequent, and shorter and less affectionate, especially after the first few weeks: they came slower and slower, and more terse and careless every time. But still, when / omitted writing he complained of my neglect. When I wrote sternly and coldly, as I confess I frequently did at the last, he blamed my harshness, and said it was enough to scare him from his home: when I tried mild persuasion, he was a little more gentle in his replies, and promised to return; but I had learnt, at last, to disregard his promises.’’ (234)
Arthur invites his friends again and with theid wifes of course, so Arthur spends his time hunting with the gents. However, the chapter two evening explain how Helen was such in good mood with her husband at first, until Rachel tells how she dissapointed by Arthur’s act lately, so Helen asks the further and Rachel replies ‘’ 'Well, if I was you, I wouldn't have that Lady Lowborough in the house
another minute—not another minute I wouldn't!'’’ right in this minutes, it worries Helen so much that she wonder what Mr.Hargrave somehow can be true that Arthur has an affair. Hence, Helen tries to find out her husband behavior lately, but nothing seems really strange between Arthur and Annabella (Lady
Louborough), until Helen’s hear the voice of Lady Louborough out of the house calls the name of Huntington.
‘’'Ah, Huntingdon!' said she reproachfully, pausing where had stood with him the night before—'it was here you kissed that woman!' She looked back into the leafy shade. Advancing thence, he answered, with a careless laugh—
'Well, dearest, I couldn't help it. You know I must keep straight with her as long as I can. Haven't I seen you kiss your dolt of a husband, scores of times?—and do / ever complain?'
'But tell me, don't you love her still—a little?' said she placing her hand on his arm and looking earnestly in his face—for I could see them plainly, the moon shining full upon them from between the branches of the tree that sheltered me.
'Not one bit, by all that's sacred!' he replied, kissing her glowing cheek’’(291)
'I am your child's mother, and your housekeeper—nothing more. So you need not trouble yourself any longer, to feign the love you cannot feel: I will exact no more heartless caresses from you—nor offer—nor endure them either—I will not be mocked with the empty husk of conjugal endearments, when you have given the substance to another!'
'Very good—if you please. We shall see who will tire first, my lady.' 'If I tire, it will be of living in the world with you; not of living without your mockery of love. When you tire of your sinful ways, and show yourself truly repentant, I will forgive you—and, perhaps, try to love you again, though that will be hard indeed.' (295)
Helen try to says to Arthur that living with him always be tiresome things she would ever done, in this conversation she shows her liberation that she can live without him, as long as Helen can takes her son with her.
The evening has passed away, Helen has through to her biggest regrets of her husband, she has through months and years with the man that in fact become her biggest enemy. Hence, Helen has regret that she would ever love him before and how foolish she is, and all Arthur can gives to her is very cruel betrayal.
Meanwhile, on the morning time Annabella try to bother Helen with her
appearance and starts to asks Helen, Annabella starts asking how Helen knows the affair between her and Arthur, so Helen answers that she saw Annabella and Arthur last night. However, Helen tries to stay calm and she ever can, and Annabella thinks that Helen will tell this to Lord Louborough, so Annabella threatening Helen if Helen should not tell or something terrible will happen to her, but Helen answer that Annabella does not admit her affair with Arthur
‘’Yes, yes!' cried she eagerly, starting up from her reclining posture. 'I want to know if you will tell Lord Lowborough?'
'Suppose I do?'
'Well, if you are disposed to publish the matter, / cannot dissuade you, of course—but there will be terrible work if you do—and if you don't, I shall think you the most generous of mortal beings—and if there is anything in
'Short of renouncing your guilty connection with my husband, I suppose you mean,' said I.’’ (300)
and Helen says to Annabella that she would not tell about this affair to
Annabella’s husband. Helen takes her way not to care of Annabella and Arthur
do.
The affair of Arthur and Annabella last long until it suffers Helen even more since Helen pretend to be indifference for Annabella and Arthur relations, while Arthur does not let Helen seperate and torture Helen more. However, on december 20th Helen feels the otherwise, she gets her worse experience with Arthur and his affair, and Helen living with them, but nothing could make Helen happier than having her only son that she will only have. Hence, Helen asks Arthur seperation to him but he still reject it, and he would not tell anything about the brute of him to his own wife Helen. Hence, sometime Arthur would play the brute when he is under the exciting influence, and Helen would take the pain the Arthur gives to her, when Arthur under the depressing influence he blames it to Helen and saying that Helen becomes unnatural and unwomanly conduct.
‘’At first (in compliance with his sweet lady's injunctions, I suppose), he abstained wonderfully well from seeking to solace his cares in wine; but at length he began to relax his virtuous efforts, and now and then exceeded a little, and still continues to do so—nay, sometimes, not a little. When he is under the exciting influence of these excesses, he sometimes fires up and attempts to play the brute; and then I take little pains to suppress my scorn and disgust: when he is under the depressing influence of the after
However, the brute of Arthur makes Helen think how injustice it is, and she somehow takes her defend with recrimination, Helen state that it is not all her fault that Helen has saved him from his vice, that it is not her fault to lose her influence on Arthur, that is not Helen’s fault if Arthur has to drink till his death, in
fact Helen tries to save Arthur from Drinks but it never works on him.
On February, was such a difficult days for Helen, Helen thinks that she has sacrifice her pride, Helen has tries to make everything back like before and loves Arthur with no false love but the result but there is no good result from him, in results all what Arthur gives to her that he increased his indulgence, the lurking gleam of self-complacent, and at every detection relenting her softness of manner. Hence, Helen sees her soon playing with the bright, rubby ring in Arthur’s finger,
she feels afraid of his contamination and straightly take little Arthur from him, but it is not like what Helen thinks that her son starts to cries. Neverthless, Helen feels it tortured her heart that his only son trying to go with his husband and she
release him from her arms.
Helen try to find out a way escaping from her husband, she cannot stand any longer to see such an evil affection that Arthur friends do to her son, but for the moment Helen should force her son and carry him away from them even it will make him cries and make him thinks that Helen is a cruel and unjust to little Arthur.
‘’Hence, was I obliged to stay among these human brutes, watching an opportunity to get my child away from them, instead of leaving them immediately after the removal of the cloth, as I should always otherwise have done. He was never willing to go, and I frequently had to carry him away by force; for which he thought me very cruel and unjust’’ (336) This action that Helen does to her son is one of her liberation, of custody of infants, Helen tries to show that she can taught her son to be good man than Arthur can do to his son. It explains that mother always good in rearing ther child rather the men.
Helen thinks of escaping from her husband and she should find a way to take her son far from corruption of his father, so she thinks of runaway and asks Rachel to help her with this. By this way Helen tries to sells her paintings and some of her jewels that she got from her uncle when she got married. However Arthur friends have not stop to sneer Helen, but this would not stop Helen from her planning and Rachel willingly to help Helen, and her plan has succesfully for her that Arthur would surprise when he found none in his breakfast table.
However, Helen has not feel the freedom for this long time and she finally feels safe and far away from Grassdale
‘’Oh, what delight it was to be thus seated aloft, rumbling along the broad, sunshiny road, with the fresh morning breeze in my face, surrounded by an unknown country all smiling— cheerfully, gloriously, smiling in the
almost as happy as myself and my faithful friend beside me; a prison and despair behind me, receding farther, farther back at every clatter of the horses' feet,—and liberty and hope before! I could hardly refrain from praising God aloud for my deliverance, or astonishing my fellow passengers by some surprising out-burst of hilarity.’’ (374)
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION
The researcher has presented the result from the previous chapter, so this chapter will give the conclusion based from the research questions. Based from the researcher theme that this research is focusing in ‘’Liberalism of Helen’’ from
the novel ‘’The Tenant of Wildfell Hall’’, this research explains about the heroine character, Helen Graham.
4.1 Conclusion
Helen shows her religious act, since Helen has her own belief she wants to posses her heart to the Maker, and she feels that she owes alot to the Maker. However, she has no reason not to excite her passion to the God. This makes her husband (Arthur) unsatishfy to Helen, in that way Arthur wants Helen to focus more to him, just like Arthur said ‘’it is nothing you have done or said, it is
something that you are, you are too religious’’ but Helen thinks that she will always put the Maker in the first line.
Arthur left Helen is also the case Helen would rebel him, when Arthur says to Helen that he must go to London for his business matter but he left her with long temporary period and left her with late reply letter, even if Arthur send Helen letter it would be short reply. However, Helen thinks that Arthur does not care with Helen anymore so Helen takes the act also not to care when Arthur will back to Grassdale, and Helen would send Arthur’s letter shortly and sometimes she
does not send him any letter.
Another case, when Arthur has invited all his friends Arthur always get along with Annabella, Helen knows Arthur always fancy Annabella talents that Helen does not have, so Helen gets jealous from this when Arthur sit next to Annabella. Hence, this Helen shows her rebelation to him by saying it is not a joke to play with Helen’s feeling, even thought it makes Arthur laugh and make Helen left
him, but still Arthur asks forgiveness to Helen and Helen forgive him.
There are reasons why Helen would take her liberations to her husband.
However, first Helen feels that her husband is childish that he always try to make Helen jealous by talking about his former lovers, second Helen’s reason is
because Arthur always play with her feeling to Helen, third Arthur left Helen with long temporary time and this is the reason why she takes her liberation, fourth Helen find out that Arthur having affair with Annabella and Helen decides take her rebelation by asking for seperation but Arthur did not allowed that, fifth Arthur teach his own son to be like Arthur which is unacceptable for Helen, from this way Helen takes her liberation to run away from her maison and from Arthur.
This research using Liberal Feminism in the first wave as the main theory, and Characterization as the supporting theory. That’s why Helen shows the figur as an
independent, religious, and rebelious woman, this show how Helen rebel to her husband, because of his unpleasant act to Helen, Helen thinks it is very injustice for Arthur treating her brutally.
4.2 Implication
Based from the novel ‘’The Tenant of Wildfell Hall’’ by Anne Bronte, the
researcher gives some opinion that in a marrital life there must be disimilarity of both husband and wife. Hence in this disimilarity there must be adjustment
