The psychoanalytical study on Juliette Ferrars in Tahereh Mafi’s Novel Ignite Me.

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THE PSYCHOANALYTICAL STUDY ON JULIETTE FERRARS IN

TAHEREH MAFI’S NOVEL IGNITE ME

A THESIS

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities State Islamic

University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:

Lisa Armenia Nindi Ardianti Reg. Number: A73213107

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

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ABSTRACT

Ardianti, Lisa Armenia Nindi. 2017. The psychoanalytical study on Juliette Ferrars in Tahereh Mai’s Novel Ignite Me. Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Letters and Humanities. States Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

The Advisor: Wahju Kusumajanti, M.Hum.

This research discusses the psychology of the main character in the novel Ignite Me by Tahereh Mafi. This story expresses the discrimination, the search of identity and the dominance of the Reestablishment side who makes Juliette as the main character have personality change and find identity. This study uses the psychology of humanities theory which was proposed by Sigmund Freud which focuses on the change of personality, how the effort and hard work are to reach the ambition through the influence of id, superego, her anxiousness and also the attainment of identity which was got. This analysis explains Juliette’s ambition and the struggling process for reaching her ambition and the factors infulencing how she took the step in reaching her ambition. The result of this study is that it was found the steps taken by Juliette to reach her ambition which is influenced of id, superego and his anxiousness. From some factors influencing, Juliette took the step by fighting on the anxiousness existed in her mind, accepting the help offer from Warner and asking her friends to join with her to help her carry out Juliette’s ambition. Of those process in reaching her ambition, it causes on Juliette Ferrars’s personality. Juliette gets change in personality to be brave and she gets her identity.

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xiv INTISARI

Ardianti, Lisa Armenia Nindi. 2017. The psychoanalytical study on Juliette Ferrars in Tahereh Mafi’s Novel Ignite Me. Tesis. Program Studi Sastra Inggris. Fakultas Sastra dan Humaniora. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

The Advisor: Wahju Kusumajanti, M.Hum.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang psikologi karakter utama dalam novel Ignite Me oleh Tahereh Mafi. Cerita ini mengungkapkan tentang diskriminasi, pencarian jati diri dan kekuasaan dari pihak Tatanan Baru yang membuat Juliette sebagai tokoh utama mengalami perubahan personaliti dan menemukn jati diri. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori psikologi humanistik yang dikemukakan Sigmund Freud yang berfokus pada perubahan personaliti, bagaimana usaha dan bekerja keras untuk mencapai ambisi melalui pengaruh dari id, superego, kecemasannya dan juga pencapaian jati diri yang didapat. Analisis ini menjelaskan tentang ambisi dari Juliette dan proses berjuang untuk menggapai ambisinya serta faktor yang mempengaruhi bagaimana dia mengambil langkah dalam mencapai ambisinya. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa langkah yang diambil Juliette untuk mencapai ambisiya dipengaruhi oleh id, superego dan kecemasannya. Dari pengaruh beberapa faktor tersebut Juliette mengambil langkah dengan melawan rasa takut yang ada dalam dirinya, menerima tawaran pertolongan dari Warner dan mengajak temannya untuk bergabung dengan dia untuk membantunya menjalankan ambisi Juliette. Dari proses untuk menggapai ambisinya tersebut berdampak pada personaliti dari Juliette Ferrars. Juliette mengalami perubahan personaliti menjadi peberani dan mendapatkan jati dirinya.

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE...8

2.1. Theoretical Framework...8

2.1.1. New Criticism………...8

2.1.1.1 Character...9

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2.1.2 Psychoanalysis ...11

2.1.2.1 Organization of Personality...12

2.1.2.1.1 Id……….12

2.1.2.1.2 Ego………..14

2.1.2.1.3 Superego………..16

2.1.2.2. The Theory of Anxiety...18

2.1.2.2.1 Reality Anxiety………...18

2.1.2.2.2 Neurotic Anxiety……….19

2.1.2.2.3 Moral Anxiety……….20

2.1.2.3 The Theory of Ambition ………...21

2.2 Review of Related Studies ………22

CHAPTER III ANALYSIS...23

3.1. Juliette Ferrars’s Characterization...23

3.1.1. Physical Traits of Juliette Ferrars ...24

3.1.2. Weak ...25

3.1.3. Timid ...26

3.1.4. Persistent ……….27

3.1.5. Caring ………28

3.1.6. Brave ………...29

3.2. The Factors that influence Juliette Ferrars to accomplish her ambition...29

3.2.1. Juliette’s id, ego and superego ………31

3.2.2. Juliette Ferrars’s Anxiety...36

3.2.2.1. Juliette Ferrars’s Reality Anxiety ...36

3.2.2.2. Juliette Ferarrs’s Neuurotic Anxiety……….…37

3.2.2.2.1 Intense Fear……….38

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3.3. The way of Juliette Ferrars to accomplish her ambition ………39

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION...41

WORK CITED...44

APPENDIX

SYNOPSIS………....47

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1 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of Study

In this life, human cannot be separated from the problems that present in their lives. The problems experienced by humans are often related to how they adapt to the environment, socialize with others, and interact with themselves and God (Desmita 198). Relates to these psychological problems which are faced by individuals. In general, they tend to be less or even totally unaware of it. Broadly speaking, these problems are based on two factors, such as from the individual itself and environmental.

The factor from individual itself is usually associated with the individual making decisions in any case in life. Individuals will experience a dilemma or confusion related to the individual's psyche. According to Suharnan, decision-making is the process of selecting or determining possibilities among uncertain situations. Decision-making occurs in situations that require a person to make predictions ahead, choose one of two options or more, make estimates of the frequency of forecasts that will occur (194).

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on the phenomenon of life. It is like when the characters in the story reflect their life through resolving many kind of problems. As Simma said that literature as a mirror reflecting the phenomena of life (3).

Because psychological problem also found in literary work, therefore psychology has the relation to literature.

“Psychology and literature are closely related because literature is an expression of the author's psyche which also affects the reader. In addition, the literature also contains a charge of conflict and inner experience

portrayed through the characters. The relationship between literature and psychology is a methodical. The methods contained within psychology can be applied to field of literature and the reverse psychology phenomenon in literature was to provide feedback for the development of life sciences”. (Harsono 16).

Rene Wellek and Austin Warren (90) in their book entitled The Literary Theory states that one of the literary psychology definition is a study of

psychological type and law that applied in literary works. In literary psychology, a character is the main object to be analyzed. This character in a novel is discussed using psychological approach in order to know each aspect which happens in his/her psychology. This approach is also expected to know the character behavior, the cause and the chosen option of the character.

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2014.Ignite Me achieves Children/Young Adult at the American Book Awards and Nominee of Goodreads Choice Awards Young Adult Romance Dystopian (Mafi 5).

The story is beginning with Omega Point destroyed, Juliette does not know if the rebels, her friends or even Adam are alive. But that will not keep her from trying to take down the reestablishment once and for all. She must rely on Warner, the one person she never thought she could trust. The same person who saved her life. He promises to help Juliette master her powers and save their dying world but that is not all he wants with her.

In Ignite Me novel, we will see development character of Juliette Ferrars. Juliette become the strongest and most confident and how she made clear choices with what she wanted in her future, in terms of the reestablishment, the rebellion, and the guys makes the novel become interesting to read. The researcher choose the novel because there are many complex psychology issues. The complex issue itself is exactly represented by the character of Juliette Ferrars and also there is no previous researcher who analyzed this novel. Thus, this topic makes different with other researches.

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1.2. Statement of Problem

Based on the background stated before, the problem of this study raises the following questions:

1. How is Juliette Ferrars described in the novel?

2. What are the factors influenced Juliette Ferrars to accomplish her

ambition??

3. How does Juliette Ferrars accomplish her ambition?

1.3. Objective of The Study

Based on the statement of the problems stated before, the objectives of this study are formulated as follows:

1. To describe Juliette Ferrars’s character and characterization in Thahereh Mafi’s novel ‘Ignite Me’

2. To Find out the factors that influence Juliette Ferrars to accomplish her ambition

3. To describe Juliette Ferrars's way accomplish her ambition

1.4. Significance of The Study

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Then, the researcher divides the significances into two categories. Both are theoretically and practically categories.

Theoretically, the results of the research are expected to give contribution to develop the study and analysis on literary study related to psychoanalytical approach on the Tahereh Mafi’s novel Ignite Me

Practically, researcher hopes that the study could be useful for academic and non-academic reader to give understanding about the theory of individual psychology by Sigmund Freud, and also can be applied in the real life to struggle to accomplish ambition. Furthermore, display the process of achieve ambition, and how she fights it toward the character to better life, provides motivation to the reader to struggle or success also.

1.5. Scope and Limitation

There are many kinds of narrations detail in the novel. Hence, the research needs limitation to make specific objects and the analysis will be focused on the activity of Juliette Ferrars. By scope and limit the research field based on the character’s action, the researcher can focus on the research problems and

objectives.

1.6. Method of The Study

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claims that qualitative method could be used to better understand any phenomenon about which little was known yet. It could also be used to gain new perspective on things about which much was already known, or to gain more in-depth information that may be difficult to convey quantitatively.

So, descriptive qualitative is used to describe in the data such as conversation and characteristic of characters in novel.

1.6.1. Data Source

The researcher uses primary and secondary data in this study. The primary source is from the autobiographical novel by Tahereh Mafi’s

Ignite Me. The secondary source is from the books and online resources

which related with the problem of the study. 1.6.2. Data Collection

This study is using qualitative method. The research follows the following steps:

a) Reading the novel as the primary source to get the complete and well understanding on the whole story.

b) Taking note of the story Ignite Me by Tahereh Mafi

c) Selecting and collecting the data in form of narration and conversation from the novel related to the problem.

d) Reading the secondary source which related to the problem.

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1.6.3. Data Analysis

The researcher follows the following steps as follow:

a) Analyzing the data collected by categorizing them into two points, dealing with the statement of problems

b) Identifying the intrinsic element especially in character and characterization.

c) Describing the factors that influence Juliette and the way to accomplish her ambition

d) Giving the best conclusion based on the analysis.

1.6 Definition of Key terms

To avoid any different perceptions between the researcher and the reader in understanding the study, it is essential to give some definition of key terms used in this study. Here are the key terms explained:

1. Ambition : The desire to achieve something, or to succeed, accompanied with motivation, determination and an internal drive.

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9 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Theoretical Framework

To approach the novel Ignite Me, it is significant to understand about the theories of psychoanalysis, especially about the Freudian analysis. Freudian analysis is a method of psychological analysis of which its basic concepts and theories is taken from the Freud’s psychological concepts and

theories. As have been mentioned in the previous chapter, the researcher will not include all Freud’s psychological concepts and theories. The concepts and

theories which are related to the analytical objects are those which are being chosen. They are the organization of personality and the anxiety theory. Also the new criticism theory which is about character and characterization that cannot be separated one another.

In order to be more organized, this chapter is going to be classified into two sections. The first section is about the explanation of the new criticism theory. The next is about organization of personality (id, ego, and superego) and anxiety. Those theories are explained as follows:

2.1.1 New Criticism

According to F. R. Leavis, he states, “a text should contain within it the full justification.” The first stage in the process of analysis was close scrutiny of

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developed in America which not concerning on the author’s background. New

criticism should be read closely with careful analysis based on the intrinsic elements only. The intrinsic elements such as: character.

Moreover, the researcher chooses new criticism for the theory of this study because the researcher will be analyzed about the characterization of the main character in “Ignite Me”.

2.1.1.1 Character

There are some theories according to the authors that are taken from libraries’ book. Dickinson (17) states that character is the person who can

contribute to a story in several ways. And Aminuddin (19) explains that the character is a person or another thing that carry out of the event in the fiction till that event can make story livelier. Kenney continues saying about character that she is adopted by E.M Foster that characters in fiction are divided in to two: “flat” and “round” character.

“Flat (simple) characters: the simple, or flat, character is less the

representation of a human personality than embodiment of single attitude or single attitude or obsession in a character. Foster calls this kind of character flat because we see only one side of him. The simple

characters can perform many important functions in the work of fiction. Simple character many appear in minor role in serious fiction, but will a major part in interior fiction.” (20)

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character, however complex is not human being. Most simply a character is one of the persons who appear in the play, one of the dramatis personal (literally, the person of the play).

Therefore, the researcher can say that a character is not always someone but it can be a thing or authors themselves. A story can be told interesting when it depends on the play of the characters, because the character is the key of the way of story life. In this case someone, things although the author can be the character, but they have to play in the story of the novel.

There are two kinds of character; they are the main character and minor character (supporting character). This explanation based on Aminuddin (79-80) who states that character contained in a story have different roles. Someone who has an important role in a story is called the main character. While the characters that have a role that is not important because its appearance just serve, support the main character are called minor character. "

2.1.1.2 Characterization

In terms of characterization, Jones says that characterization is the depicting of clear imagines of person (84). He continuous saying about characterization as follows:

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In other words the researcher can say that the characterization is showing a clear imagination of a person or something that has a relationship between literary works in this case a novel and nature of characters. Really, it does not matter who or what the characters are, so long as we can identify ourselves with them. Such as how they live where they live, how their relationship with another character and so on.

Furthermore, Little (83) says that there are some steps of how to study a character of a novel. They are: (1). basic characteristics include about social relationship (personal relationship in the other character in the works; wider social relationship such as social class occupation),mental qualities (typical ways of thinking, feeling and acting). (2).Appearance from various points of view include about how the character sees him/her self and how various other characters see him/her.

So, the characterization of the character is important point to analze in tis study. The researcher tries to reveal Juliette Ferrars’s character in manage her fear

feeling.

2.1.2 Psychoanalysis Theory

The researcher chooses psychoanalysis theory especially about Freudian analysis to analyze Juliette Ferrars’s way to accomplish her ambition. Freudian

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Psychoanalysis theory are less complicated and may be help to the reader in exploring the character deeper and also give a better understanding of the story. By using these, the researcher of the thesis expects to have a better understanding and wider perspective in analyzing the literary work.

2.1.2.1 Organization of Personality

The structure of the personality in psychoanalytic theory is threefold. Freud divides it into id, ego, and superego. Only the ego is visible or on the surface, while id and superego remains below but each has its own effects on the personality.

In the mentally healthy person these three systems form a unified and harmonious organization. By working together co-operatively they enable to individual to carry on efficient and satisfying transactions with environment. These purpose of these transactions is the fulfillment of man’s basic needs and desires. Conversely, when the three systems of personality are at odds with one another the person is said to be disturbed. She/he is dissatisfied with her/himself and with the world, and with her/his efficiency is reduced.

2.1.2.1.1 Id

Id represents biological forces. It is governed by the “pleasure principle”,

or the notion of hedonism (the seeking of pleasure). The aim of the pleasure principle is to rid the person of tension or if this is impossible to reduce amount of tension to a low level and to keep it as constant as possible. Tension is

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pleasure or satisfaction. The pleasure principle is a special case of a universal tendency found in all living matter to maintain constancy in the face of internal and external disturbances.

Id engages in primary – process thinking, which is primitive, illogical, irrational, and fantasy oriented (Weiten 331). Thus, it means that id is entirely unconscious, expressing its urges at the conscious level through ego. Id appears in the unconscious from instinct, desires, and other impulse. That is why it must be immediately fulfilled regardless of time and condition. The simplest example of id’s expression is about hunger and thirst. If a baby is hungry, he/she immediately fed by sucking his/her mother’s breast. This process is repeated again and again so that the baby will think about his/her mother’s breast every time he/she gets

hungry. Through repetition like this, his/her mother’s breast becomes associated with tension reduction. Thus, when the baby is not immediately fed by her

mother, he/she will produce a memory image of an object that is needed to reduce a tension is called the primary process (Hall 11-12).

Therefore, it is said that id completely works under pleasure principle for it always strive to find immediate fulfillment or satisfaction of its need. However, not all the id’s desires can be fulfilled; therefore, ego appears to compromise. When somebody’s id is too strong, it will make the person become bound up in

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2.1.2.1.2 Ego

With the existence of id in a man basic psychological desire there would be a strong push from within the fulfilled every desired a human could have. This strong desire which is caused by id will be showed in impulsive behavior. In fact, impulsive behavior may result in increase of tension (pain) by calling forth punishment from the external world. Unless they have a permanent caretaker, as they have during infancy, human must seek and every object that they desired such as food, sex partner and many other goal objects necessary for life. In order to accomplish these missions successfully it is necessary to take into account external reality (the environment) and either by accommodating themselves to it or by asserting mastery over it, obtain from the world that which they needs. These transactions between the person and the world require the formation of a new psychological system, ego.

Ego is the surface of the personality, the part we show to the world. Ego acts as an intermediate between id and external world. So, it develops the awareness that we cannot always get what we want. Ego’s job is to get the id’s

pleasure but to be reasonable and bear to long term consequences in mind because it operates in accordance with the social realities such as society’s norms,

etiquette, rules and custom.

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object that will satisfy the needs has discovered or produced. The delay of action means that ego has to be able to tolerate tension until the tension can be

discharged by an appropriate form of behavior. The institution of the reality principle does not mean that the pleasure principle is unoccupied. It is only temporary suspended in the interest of reality.

The reality principle is served by a process which Freud calls the

secondary process, which is ordinarily, called problem solving or thinking (Hall 16). The secondary process accomplishes what the primary process unable to do; it tries to tame id’s urges and needs, so they do not conflict with the reality by

controlling them, delaying, and even suspending their immediate fulfillment. In other words, ego helps to fulfill the needs of id in maximal capacity and to minimize the negative consequences from the society by behaving properly. The secondary process does not make the mistake, as the primary process does, of regarding the image of an object as though it were the object itself. If ego is too strong, the person will become extremely rational and efficient, but cold, boring and distant.

2.1.2.1.3 Superego

The third major institution of personality, superego, is moral or judicial branch of personality. It represents the ideal rather than real, and it strives for perfection rather than for reality pleasure (Hall 18). Superego becomes an

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and identifies the norms and ethics that are acceptable in a society. When the id pressures ego satisfy its need, ego must balance the pressure with the right-wrong moral judgment of the superego. For example, when a person is tempted to steal an unattended purse, it may be refrained from doing so due to the guild it will feel as the result as being dishonest. Superego has two subsystems: ego ideal and conscience (Hall 18). Ego ideal is basically what the child’s parents approve of.

The conscience is the rules about what constitute s bad behavior, or we can say that it is the familiar metaphor of angel and devil on each shoulder. The

conscience is basically all those things that the child feels mother or father will disapprove of or punish. The psychological rewards and punishment employed by the superego are feelings of pride and feelings guilty or inferiority, respectively. Ego becomes flushed with pride when it has behaved virtuously or thoughts and it feels ashamed of itself when it has yielded to temptation. Pride is equivalent to self-love, and guilt or inferiority to self-hate. They are the inner representation of parental love and parental rejection. If superego is too dominant, person will feel guilty all the time, or may even have an insufferably saintly personality.

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2.1.2.2 The Theory of Anxiety

The researcher uses Sigmund Freud’s theory of anxiety to analyze the

effect of interplay of id, ego and superego in the character. Anxiety is a painful emotional experience produced by excitations in the internal organs of the body. These excitations result from internal or external stimulation and are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

Anxiety is synonymous with the emotion of fear. Freud chose term anxiety rather than fear because fear is usually understood in terms of being afraid of something that exists in the external world. Freud understood that one could be afraid of internal threats as well as external threats. He distinguished three types of anxiety, reality or objective anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety. The three types of anxiety are not different among each of them qualitatively. They all have a single quality as something unpleasant. (Hall 40)

2.1.2.2.1 Reality Anxiety

Reality anxiety happens when somebody considers that there is a danger around him/her and the source of the danger of his/her anxiety is said to be in the external world of that person instead of his/her internal world. Hall explains reality anxiety as follows:

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environmental conditions, or it may be acquired as he/she lives his life. (40)

For example when somebody is driving the car. He/she had a series of apprehensions that warned him/her to be alert to possible threat.

2.1.2.2.2 Neurotic Anxiety

Neurotic anxiety is born by a perception of the dangers of instinct. It is a fear of what might happen if the anti-cathex of the ego fails to stem the object-cathex from releasing the tension of its tension in an impulsive action. (Hall 41) In his book, Hall states that neurotic anxiety can appear in three forms. There is a free-floating type of apprehensiveness that has embedded itself in an environment more or less appropriate. This kind of anxiety characterizes a nervous person who always expects something frightening to happen. About this person we call him/her that he/she is afraid of his own image. It might be better said he/she was afraid of his/her own id. What he really fears is that the id that constantly exercises pressure on the ego will gain control over the ego and return it to a state of helplessness. Other forms of neurotic anxiety that can be seen are intense and irrational fear. This is called a phobia. (Hall 41)

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2.1.2.2.3 Moral Anxiety

Moral anxiety is experienced as a feeling of guilt or shame in the ego, aroused by the perception of a threat from the conscience. Conscience as an internalized agent of parental authority threatens to punish people for doing or thinking of something that violates the ego-ideal perfectionistic goals that have been imprinted on the personality by the parents. (Hall 44)

Moral anxiety has a strong association with neurotic anxiety since the main enemy of the superego is the object-choice of the id. It is one of the irony of life that a godly person experiences more shame than that of an ungodly person. The reason for this is that simply thinking of doing something bad makes a godly person feel ashamed. People who do a lot of self-control are bound to [tend] give a good deal of thought to instinctual temptations since he/she does not find other outlets for his/her instinctual urges. The less pious person does not have a strong superego, and thus he/she lacks the confidence when he thinks or does something odd for the existing moral code. Guilt is part of price an idealistic person has to pay for his instinctual denial. (Hall 44)

For example, someone will get a worry when grows mature if he/she cannot manage his/her parents.

Then, the researcher uses the first and second type of anxiety which is reality and neurotic anxiety since the character, Juliette Ferrars, experiences them in Ignite Me.

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Ambition could also have psychoanalytic explanations as well and the libido or life drives are considered as the basis of ambition in men and women. High sex or life drives would translate to high level of ambition. Self-psychology or a branch of psychoanalysis developed by Heinz Kohut in 1977 provided explanations to ambition as the core of personality development.

Freud explained that desires are in our unconscious and we are motivated by our life drives and our sexual drives. Thus, ambition being about desire is also about a desire to live and an ambitious person also necessarily has a strong life force or a survival instinct. We might call this a sort of psychological Darwinism or a struggle to survive in a competitive world lies at the root of ambition. So inherently ambition is positive and is geared towards a person's overall development. Ambition is a complex process and trait in humans and can be triggered by negative and positive factors.

Then, the researcher uses the theory of ambition to reveal Juliette Ferrars’s ambition.

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There are some previous studies which have been written in same topic and theory but different object. There are three theses which found by the

researcher as the previous studies. The first is a thesis entitled “The Psychological

Problem Seen in John Bristow as Character and The Reflection of Qabil’s

Character to that of Robert Galbraith’s The Cuckoo’s Calling by Aqilah Lutfiyah

(2015) from English Department of Languages and Literature State Islamic of University Sunan Ampel Surabaya. The thesis explains how John Bristow manage his id and superego and how anxieties appear as the effects of the prolem.

The second thesis is “A Study on the Different Response of the Two Main Character toward Their Traumatic Experience in Virginia Wolf’s Mrs Dalloway”

by Athika Goenawan (2008) from English Department of Languages and

Literature Petra Christian University of Surabaya. The thesis explains about suffer from traumatic in two main character. They have similar thinking but response is different of their traumatic experience.

The third thesis is a thesis entitled “Mariam’s Search Meaning of Life in Khaled Hossein’s A Thousand Splendid Suns” by Fajar Nur Indriyany (2104)

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23 CHAPTER 3

ANALYSIS

In this chapter, the researcher wants to analyze psychological problems and anxieties seen on Juliette Ferrars character. By firstly examining on her character, the researcher hopes to gain profound knowledge about the character of Juliette Ferrars clearly. After having fundamental background of Juliette Ferrars character, then through studying her characterization more intensely is intended to reveal her psychological problems and anxieties. The researcher uses Sigmund Freud’s theory on organization of personality and anxiety in order to reach the

goal of this study.

3.1 Juliette Ferarrs’s Characterization

Based on the categories of the characters presented in the previous chapter before, the researcher specifies the study of the characters on the main characters of the novel chosen. There are one main characters in the novel chosen by the researcher; she is Juliette Ferrars. However, to make the discussion meet to the objective of the study, the researcher will discuss about the main characters.

The researcher prefers to discuss about Juliette Ferrars’s character,

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described as a timid, weak and persistent. Therefore, the researcher concludes that Juliette Ferrars is round character in Ignite Me novel by Tahereh Mafi.

3.1.1 Physical Traits of Juliette Ferrars

Juliette Ferrars is a beautiful young girl. The following evidence shows Juliette’s beauty, which is explained by other character toward Juliette’s physical

appearance. In the novel, the other characters frequently describe about the Juliette’s characteristic than author herself.

This is the quotation when Warner talk with Juliette Ferrars and he praised how beautiful Juliette.

“You, who have spent the majority of your life locked away, he says, “have not had the opportunity to understand just how beautiful you are, (Ignite Me chapter 7:30)

Here are some evidences that support the researcher argument related to the Juliette’s characterization in Ignite Me novel by Tahereh Mafi. The first

evidence is about physical traits of Juliette, which is described as a beautiful young girl.

Beside Juliette is a beautiful girl, Juliette is also depicted as a girl with beautiful long hair.

I drop my hands and my hair at the same time, the brown waves falling hard and fast around my shoulders, my back, hitting my waist. My face is on fire. (Ignite Me chapter 7:29)

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He’s running his hand over my hair, his finger occasionally cobing through the strands. “your hair is like water ,” he whispers. “it’s so fluid. like silk. (Ignite Me chapter 58: 209)

Brown waves is the term of ‘hair”. The author described physical

appearance of Juliette clearly and in detail. In fact, the reader will not assume that Juliette has a super power because she is depicted as almost has no braveness in the beginning story. Even, the author also tries to make Juliette becomes a brave girl in the end by featuring her with some personality such as; weak, timid and persistent.

3.1.2 Weak

Juliette is also described as weak girl. As she considers as dangerous girl, therefore she is isolated by her parents and surrounding people. it impacts Juliette to be very frightened and shy to interact with others.

I was weak and terrified and blind to the idea of possibility. (Ignite Me chapter 7:30)

I hardly knew how to interact with people---could barely understand in my own head. (Ignite Me chapter 7:30)

In the isolation, Juliette faces a discrimination. She is afraid to against this. She even getting afraid to interact with others. This can make her weak. Juliette is considered dangerous because there is something inside herself which exceeds the other people and creates a bad impact to the surrounding. But she does not realize that she has something uncontrolled outside herself.

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capable of. That I didn’t know what I was doing. (Ignite Me chapter 1:10)

Actually something in Juliette is a super power that uncontrolled by her. It is stated in the novel about Juliette’s super power. Here are the evidences which is

explained from the other character:

“That you broke through concrete,” Warner says, a faint smile touching his lips. “You broke through concrete wall just to try and choke me to death.” (Ignite Me chapter 6:25)

The quotation above explains that she can destroy everything such a thick wall. Juliette’s super power appears when the touches other people

they can getting burned. And she cannot be controlled when gets mad and possibly destroy everything.

3.1.3 Timid

The other characterization of Juliette Ferrars is timid. It can be proved by how hard she interacts each other.

He says. “You were timid and weak and living on a military base full of lonely, (Ignite Me chapter 7:31)

I hardly knew how to interact with people---could barely understand in my own head. (Ignite Me chapter 7:30)

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3.1.4 Persistent

In the novel, Juliette is also described as a persistent girl. Though she knows her effort which aim for destroying the Reestablishment has failed, but she tries to not give up and keep trying on her ambition.

I need to do something. I need to start moving.

I need to finish forming a plan. (Ignite Me chapter 7: 28)

This strong manner can be proven by her intention for continuing her ambition. The Anderson’s destruction in her and her friends living area makes Juliette

almost losing everything till she gives up. However she wakes up and intends to against Anderson in her revenge. That indicates that Juliette is a persistent girl.

Both in terms of physical appearance and personality, Juliette Ferrars is depicted complicated character. The complicated of the features given by the author toward the main character; Juliette Ferrars, becomes the main focus to the development and resolution of the conflict in Ignite Me novel according to the researcher. However, as Simma said that literature as a mirror reflecting the phenomena of life (3). Phenomena of life here includes the problem or conflict of the story, and how does character solve the problem. When those aspects in certain novel closely represent the problem of individual in real life, this novel will be alive.

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underestimated by the society upon their ability. However, the author from Juliette Ferrars’s character try to teach the reader that we must not give up easily.

As surah al insyirah mentioned 5-6.

Fa-inna ma’al ‘usri yusran. Inna ma’al ‘usri yusran. (QS. Al – Insyirah 5-6)

For indeed, with hardship [will be]ease. Indeed, with hardship [will be] ease.

It is clear that Allah promises the eases behind the difficulties for those not easy to give up. That is why, the complicated of Juliette’s characterization in the

novel Ignite Me, makes this character portray the real human being should be when he/she faces a problem. However, when the author presents a character, which is representing the real human beings, the sense of the story becomes usefully and alive.

3.1.5 Caring

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they also join with her and Warner, they will get a better facility. Therefore Juliette asks Warner inviting her friends to join in team.

.

“Come with me,” I say to him. “Please—I want us to stay

together—” (Ignite Me chapter 28:115)

Based on the quotation above, it can be concluded that Juliette Ferrars is caring person.

3.1.6 Brave

In the novel, Juliette Ferrars characterization is also a coward girl. It can be proven from quotation below.

I was scared, broken girl, fighting back the only way I knew how. It’s no wonder I failed. I wasn’t in my right mind.

(Ignite Me chapter 7:30)

From those quotations which support the researcher argument, it can conclude that Juliette is coward girl.

However in the end of this story, it shows that the ambition of Juliette to revenge can change the Juliette’s thought and feeling. She then becomes brave

girl.

“I don’t want to live in fear anymore,” I say, hoping I sound stronger than I feel. (Ignite Me chapter 21: 90)

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Me by Tahereh Mafi is weak, timid, and persistent. In terms physical appearance,

Juliette is described as beautiful young girl with beautiful long hair. In terms of personality, Juliette is described as a weak, timid, and persistent girl. She is also a caring person and Juliette thought and feeling are mostly show that she is a coward girl but became brave girl in the end. Therefore, the researcher concludes that Juliette Ferrars is round character in Ignite Me novel by Tahereh Mafi

because she experiences a characteristic change and thought. This is suitable with E.M Foster said:

The complex or round character is higher bind of achievement than the simple complexity of character tends to produce life likeness in the world of fiction. (20)

It means round character keeps developing the story. In this story Juliette experinces developing of character. from coward girl become brave girl. Although she was initially a weak girl, she was persistent to fight fear and foster a sense of courage to become brave girl. She practice diligently to control her super power and protect her friends until became a brave girl.

3.2 The Factors that Influence Juliette Ferrars to Accomplish her Ambition

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In this case, Juliette Ferrars’s way to accomplish her ambition influenced

by three organization of personality. They are id, ego, and superego. Only the ego is visible or on the surface, while id and superego remains below but each has its own effects on the personality. And her anxiety (neurotic and moral anxiety). (Hall 11) This analysis aims to know what Juliette’s ambition is, what the factors

that influence her to accomplish her ambition.

3.2.1. Juliette’s id, ego and superego

The action of Juliette Ferrars to accomplish her ambition starts from Juliette’s decision to revenge. As the following quotation:

I have to make one final choice: give up or go on. (Ignite Me chapter 2:14)

I clench my fist and try not to scream and I tuck my friends in my heart and revenge. I think has never looked so sweet. (Ignite Me chapter 2:14)

Juliette wants revenge to Anderson and the Reestablishment. Anderson is the leader of the Reestablishment and also father of Warner. Anderson is the one who destroys the Omega Point by blowing it up causing friends of Juliette and people who live there to be destroyed.

Life without Adam.

Life without Kenji, without James and Castle and Sonya and Sara and Brendan and Winston and all of Omega Point. My friends, all destroyed with the flick of a switch. (Ignite Me chapter 2:13)

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“I am going to kill your father,” I say to him, “and I’m going to destroy The Reestablishment.” “I will.” (Ignite Me chapter 3:18)

From quotation above, it shows that from a loss, an anger, and a sadness make Juliette desires to revengers which causes characteristic change of Juliette Ferrars. Those scenes shows that Juliette experiences a characteristic change of the coward girl become brave girl because of her desire.

From previous explanation Juliette is depicted as a coward, weak, and timid girl. With her ambition of want to revenge. Therefore the desire of Juliette accomplish her ambition breaks her deep fear and fosters courage. In this

situation, Juliette serves her id through becoming a brave girl that want revenge. After breaks her deep fear and fosters courage, the way that support to accomplish her ambition is Juliette accepts Warner’s help offer. Juliette understands that she

will not be able to revenge on Anderson alone. Though she has super power but she cannot control it.

Warner says. “You want to be with me and it terrifies you. And you’re ashamed. “Ashamed you could ever want someone like me. Aren’t you?

“You want me” he says softly, his hands moving up my back, “and it’s killing you.” (Ignite Me chapter 9: 44)

Those scene shows that Warner tries offering some help to Juliette for revenging toward Anderson. However, Juliette still hesitates him because Juliette does not believe in him. In the other side, the Juliette’s desire to revenge

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Warner. In this case, her id control her ego. Therefore, Juliette accepts an aid from Warner. It can be proved from the way Juliette thinks about Warner.

Here some quotation to support arguments of researcher which described the way Juliette thinks about Warner.

Because the more I discover about him, the fewer excuses I have to push him away. (Ignite Me chapter 8: 33)

In addition, Juliette also tries to satisfy her id with accept Warner’s help offer. Warner is not influenced by Juliette’s super power and he can also help to control Juliette’s power. Warner can give more facilities as Juliette needed. This is causes Juliette wants to be a Warner’s team work.

These scene has been explained in Sigmund Freud’s id theory that an id pushes the person to obtain pleasure without concern for the other’s need. This

situation shows indirectly id of Juliette Ferrars.

On the other hand, Juliette remembers about her friends and Omega Point. From quotation below shows that Juliette so worried with her friends conditions.

Where are the girls what happened to girls and where is Anderson and the war and oh God what’s happened to Adam and Kenji and Castle and I have to get up I have to get up I have to get up and get out of bed and get going

(Ignite Me chapter 1: 9)

After knowing the information about the Omega Point’s destroyed from

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“Dammit Warner! I have to try. You have to let me look. “I can find a way to take you back to Omega Point.

(Ignite Me chapter 3:17)

When Warner said that Sonya and Sara were taken by Anderson, Juliette thought they were still alive and had to take them.

“They’re alive?” My hearth picks up so quickly I might be having a heart attack. “I have to get them back---I have to find them, I---“(Ignite Me chapter 3: 16)

From quotation above, Juliette is showing her superego through care and worry with her friends. Superego becomes an embodiment of parental and societal values.

“The third major institution of personality, superego, is moral or judicial branch of personality. It represents the ideal rather than real, and it strives for perfection rather than for reality pleasure.” (Hall 18).

Juliette tries to go back to Omega Point, where she found all her friends survived and still alive but many were injured. The residence they live in is not worth it. So Juliette intends to invite them to join Juliette and Warner. In place of Warner, Juliette’s friends will get a decent place and get healing. But Juliette's

friends refused at first.

“Come with me,” I say to him. “Please—I want us to stay

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“We can’t,” he says. “We can’t risk that, J. (Ignite Me chapter 28:115)

Therefore Juliette asks Warner to give them all the needed needs. In this situation Juliette’s superego is too strong makes ego to take those decision.

There is another example in which is ego’s smartness in serving both her

id and superego through using her action by join with warner.

I drop my head into my hands. “Everyone wants to

help—to ﬁght—except for Adam. But they can’t leave.

And I don’t want to leave them behind.”(Ignite Me

chapter 28:114)

From quotation above, Juliette’s ego serving her id and superego. She still

wants to continue her ambition but she must also help her friends. Although she does not believe in Warner she still tries to join with him. Juliette fought the fear that had caught her. Her ambition encourages her to become more courageous and strong and through her superego reminds her that about her friends condition. In this novel, the development of Juliette characteristic is influenced by the

psychological problem

From the first subchapter, the researcher can conclude that Juliette

Ferrars’s ego struggle hardly in order to satisfy her id and superego. According to Dennis Coon in his explanation about Sigmund Freud’s personality, it is important

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Sigmund Freud has made a formula that the threat of intra psychic conflict, for instance between id (drives) and superego (conscience) might generate anxiety that signals the ego to mobilize defenses (52). Juliette Ferrars’s ego, id and

superego are involved in an intra-psychic conflict then as unavoidable result, she experiences difficult times.

3.2.2 Juliette Ferrars’s Anxiety

Juliette Ferrars’s character have severe psychological problem during her

life. This subchapter analysis will be mainly focusing on the anxiety of Juliette Ferrars. In this case, the researcher would like to figure out Juliette Ferrars’s

anxiety. Therefore, the researcher analyzed the types of anxiety that Juliette Ferrarrs’s experienced.

Anxiety is a part of psychology. Anxiety is the fear of something nameless. It is an internal conflict within selves, namely anxiety usually fear something will happen.

3.2.2.1 Juliette Ferrars’s Reality Anxiety

Reality anxiety is the fear of the dangers of the external world, and the level of anxiety in accordance with existing threats. In everyday life we call this kind of anxiety as fear. Fear is natural for someone, like the main character

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Warner is enjoying my embarrassment. “Ready to go?” No.

No, I’m not.

Suddenly hope and fear are strangling me and I have to remind myself to breathe. I’m not ready to face the death and destruction of all my friends. Of course I’m not.

But “Yes, of course” is what I say out loud.

I’m steeling myself or the truth, in whatever form it arrives. (Ignite Me chapter 11:46)

From quotation above, Juliette experiences reality anxiety in which someone would feel anxious when thinking of facing something bad and painful.

3.2.2.2 Juliette Ferarrs’s Neurotic Anxiety

Besides Reality Anxiety, Juliette apparently experiences neurotic anxiety as well. Anxiety neurotic fear of this type arise from id stimulus, if you ever feel 'bereft of ideas, nervous, cannot control themselves, behavior, intellect and even your mind, then you when subjected to neurotic anxiety. Neurotic is another word for feeling nervous.

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in this part of discussion, Juliette Ferrars’s neurotic anxiety will be further

explored heavily based on the different forms of her anxiety that is the character’s intense irrational fear and panic reaction.

3.2.2.2.1 Intense Fear

Intense fear is the indicator why Juliette Ferrars is said to experience neurotic anxiety. The intensity of this character’s fear is out of all proportion to

the actual danger of the object of which she is afraid.

Her fear passes her consciousness and makes her difficult to interact with others. For instance, as Juliette says about herself, she always fear when

interacting with other people which is stated in the quotation below.

I hardly knew how to interact with people----could barely

understand the words in my own head. (Ignite Me chapter 7:

30)

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3.2.2.2.2 Panic Reaction

Beside her intense fear, the second indicator of Juliette Ferrars’s neurotic

anxiety is also observable from her panic reaction. This reaction, which appears suddenly, happens when she fears of a small room where warner took her to the hiding place for treatment. She was traumatized by the small room and making her panic. Because she worries and assumes if brought to the small room then she will be in isolation room again with long time

“What am I doing here?” Panic, panic; terror clouds my consciousness. “Why did you bring me here---?”

“Juliette, please, I’m not going to hurt you---“

“Then why did you bring me here?” My voice is starting to break and I’m struggling to keep it steady. “Why bring me to this hellhole---”

“I had to hide you,” He exhales, looks up at the wall. (Ignite Me chapter 1: 9)

As a result of this panic reaction, Juliette felt anxious when she was in a closed room. And this panic reaction force her did something which try to build a self-protection which will toward to changing her characteristic until not fettered again by her fear.

3.3 The way of Juliette Ferrars accomplish her ambition

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41 CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION

There are two main topics of this thesis analysis that is Juliette Ferrars’s

psychological problem and anxiety. Juliette is described as young girl character in Ignite Me. She is main focus to the development and resolution of the conflict.

She is the key in the final of the story.

Juliette is a seventeen years old girl who has something that she herself does not realize. This thing is considered dangerous which makes her parents and surrounding people initiate to bring her into a rude isolation. It makes her also as a timid, weak and coward girl. Juliette makes a new decision in her life that is revenging to Anderson which give impacts in her life. Juliette successes to escape from the isolation and that Omega Pont smashed. She tries to break hear fear to defense and try to control her power.

Juliette has several problem in satisfying the pretension from her desire (id) and noble moral standard (superego). Thus, it creates, psychological problem in her life. In this thesis, the researcher wants to solicit for the causes of Juliette Ferrars’s psychological problem. Moreover, the researcher wonders to trace how

the anxieties appear as its effect toward to her personality. From the analysis, the researcher could reveal that the Juliette Ferrars’s struggle towards the fulfillment

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In order to analyze and reach the purpose of the study, the researcher specifically applied literary theory and also two Sigmund Freud theories.

Including organization of personality and anxiety theory. The literary theory was used for analyzing character and characterization, meanwhile the organization of personality theory analyzing in the interactions among Juliette Ferrars’s id, ego

and superego when she takes various decision. Furthermore, the anxiety theory will contribute the researcher in order to uncover the kinds and influences of her anxieties.

The analysis in the third chapter in this thesis proves that Juliette Ferrars experiences the authority war between her id and superego. As an ordinary man who as flesh and blood (id), she is the individual who only makes efforts to cast about her own contentment. However, on the other hand she has moral standard and social values which come from her environment. Thus, her ego urgently needs to accommodate both of them fairly through modus operandi. In the other words, the ego needs to create or have a strategy in order to be good moderator. In addition, her ego actualizes her id and superego by acting as a coward girl and brave/super power girl.

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factors that influence their behavior. The researcher also found out that her anxiety arise as the fruitage of her inner conflict.

There are three steps in the way of Juliette Ferrars accomplish her ambition. The first is she breaks deep fear.to become ore strong Juliette have to break her fear and tries to control her power. The second is she receives Warner’s

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The psychoanalytical study on Juliette Ferrars in Tahereh Mafi’s Novel Ignite Me.