91
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Aberg, J.A., Lacy, C. F., Amstrong, L.L., Goldman, M.P. dan Lance, L.L., 2008, Drug Infromation Handbook, 17th Edition, American Pharmacist Association.
Apostolopoulou, E., Raftopoulos, V., Zarkadas, P., Toska, A., Veldekis, D., dan Tsilidis, K., 2014, Risk Factors and Attributable Mortality of Carbapenem- Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections, Health Science Journal, 8(1), 126-136.
Arzanlou, M., Chai, W.C., dan Venter, H., 2017, Intrinsic, Adaptive and Acquired Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria, Essays in Biochemistry, 61:49–59.
Basha, S., Surendran, N., dan Pichichero, M., 2014, Immune Responses in Neonates, Expert review of Clinical Immunology, 10: 1171–1184.
Birkett, M.A. dan Day, S.J., 1994, Internal Pilot Studies for Estimating Sample Size, Statistics in Medicine, 13:2455–2463.
Brunton, L.L., Dandan, R.H. dan Knollman B.C., 2018, Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutic, 13th Edition, McGraw-Hill Education, California.
Chopra, I. dan Linton, A., 1987, The Antibacterial Effects of Low Concentrations of Antibiotics, in: Rose, A.H., Tempest, D.W. (Eds.), Advances in Microbial Physiology, Academic Press, 28:211–259.
Clinical Laboratory Standarts International, 2021, Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard.
Codjoe, F.S. dan Donkor, E.S., 2017, Carbapenem Resistance: A Review, Medical Sciences, Basel Swit, 6(1).
Cunha, 2015, Antibiotic Essentials, 14th Edition, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi.
Dancer, S.J., 2018, Consequences of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: Overgrowth, Resistance, and Virulence, dalam Gould, I.M., van der Meer, J.W., (Eds.), Antibiotic Policies: Fighting Resistance, Springer Science, New York.
Doi, Y., 2019, Treatment Options for Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacterial Infections, Clinical Infectious Disease, 69(7):565–575.
Falagas, M.E., Lourida, P., Poulikakos, P., Rafailidis, P.I., dan Tansarli, G.S., 2014, Antibiotic Treatment of Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant
Enterobacteriaceae: Systematic Evaluation of the Available Evidence, Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 58: 654–663.
Finch, R.G., Greenwood, D., Norby, S.R. dan Whitley R.J., 2010, Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, Elsevier Inc., St. Louis.
Fritzenwanker, M., Imirzalioglu, C., Herold, S., Wagenlehner, F.M., Zimmer, K.- P., dan Chakraborty, T., 2018, Treatment Options for Carbapenem- Resistant Gram-Negative Infections, Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 115: 345–
352.
Gawade, S.P., 2016, Overview on Monitoring of Therapeutic Drugs, Indian Journal of Pharmacy, 9(3): 152–156.
Guh, A.Y., Limbago, B.M. dan Kallen, A.J., 2014. Epidemiology and Prevention of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in The United States, Expert Review Anti Infective Therapy, 12:565–580.
Hadi, U., Duerink, D.O., Lestari, E.S., Nagelkerke, N.J., Keuter, M., Huis In’t Veld, D., dkk., 2008, Audit of Antibiotic Prescribing in Two Governmental Teaching Hospitals in Indonesia. Clinical Microbioly and Infection, 14:698–
707.
Hakim, L., 2014, Farmakokinetik Klinik, Bursa Ilmu, Yogyakarta.
Harapan, I.K., Tahulending, A., dan Tumbol, M.V.L., 2018, Karakteristik Resistensi Klebsiella pneumoniae yang Resisten Karbapenem Pada Beberapa Rumah Sakit Di Indonesia Dan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Tahun 2018 ISBN 2549-0931, 1: 636–650.
Health Protection Surveillance Centre, 2019, A Guide to Treatment of Infection with Carbapenem Resistant Organisms.
Heinz, U.E. dan Rollnik, J.D., 2015, Outcome and Prognosis of Hypoxic Brain Damage Patients Undergoing Neurological Early Rehabilitation, BMC Research Notes, 8: 243.
Huang, S.-T., Chiang, M.-C., Kuo, S.-C., Lee, Y.-T., Chiang, T.-H., Yang, S.-P., dkk., 2012, Risk factors and clinical outcomes of patients with carbapenem- resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia, Journal of Microbiolology, Immunology and Infection, 45: 356–362.
Hsu, L.-Y., Apisarnthanarak, A., Khan, E., Suwantarat, N., Ghafur, A., dan Tambyah, P.A., 2017, Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacteriaceae in South and Southeast Asia, Clinical Microbioly Reviews, 30: 1–22.
Iii, L.S.G. dan Spencer, J.P., 1998, Aminoglycosides: A Practical Review, American Family Physician, 58(8):1811-1820.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2011, Pedoman Pelayanan Kefarmasian untuk Terapi Antibiotik.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2017, Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 27 Tahun 2017 tentang Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan.
Kotra, L.P., Haddad, J. dan Mobashery, S., 2000, Aminoglycosides: Perspectives on Mechanisms of Action and Resistance and Strategies to Counter Resistance, Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 44(12):3249–3256.
Królicki, A., 2002, Skin penetration of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim after oral administration, Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis, 48: 59–73.
Królicki, A., Klimowicz, A., Nowak, A., dan Maleszka, R., 2004, Penetration of Cotrimoxazole Components into Skin After a Single Oral Dose. Theoretical Versus Experimental Approach, Pol. J. Pharmacol., 7.
Kurniawan, J., Erly, E. dan Semiarty, R., 2015, Pola Kepekaan Bakteri Penyebab Pneumonia terhadap Antibiotika di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUP Dr.
M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari sampai Desember 2011, Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 4(2):562-566.
Li, J., Li, Y., Song, N. dan Chen, Y., 2020, Risk Factors for Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection: A meta-analysis, Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 21:306–313.
Meletis, G., Exindari, M., Vavatsi, N., Sofianou, D. dan Diza, E., 2012, Mechanisms Responsible for The Emergence of Carbapenem Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Hippokratia, 16(4): 303–307.
Melville, J.M. dan Moss, T.J.M., 2013, The immune consequences of preterm birth, Frontiers in Neuroscience, 7: 79.
Morrill, H.J., Pogue, J.M., Kaye, K.S. dan LaPlante, K.L., 2015, Treatment Options for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Open Forum Infectious Disease, 2(2).
Morrow, B.J., Pillar C.M., Deane J., Sahm D.F., Lynch A.S., Flamm R.K., dkk., 2013, Activities of Carbapenem and Comparator Agents Against Contemporary US Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from the CAPITAL Surveillance Program, Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 75:412-416.
Munoz-Price, L.S., Rosa, R., Castro, J.G., Laowansiri, P., Latibeaudiere, R., Namias, N., dkk., 2016, Evaluating the Impact of Antibiotic Exposures as Time-Dependent Variables on the Acquisition of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Critical Care Medicine, 44:949-956.
Palacios-Baena, Z.R., Giannella, M., Manissero, D., Rodríguez-Baño, J., Viale, P., Lopes, S., dkk., 2021, Risk Factors for Carbapenem-Resistant Gram- Negative Bacterial Infections: A Systematic Review, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 27:228–235.
Papp-Wallace, K.M., Endimiani, A., Taracila, M.A., dan Bonomo, R.A., 2011, Carbapenems: Past, Present, and Future, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 55:4943–4960.
Peterson, E. dan Kaur, P., 2018, Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria:
Relationships Between Resistance Determinants of Antibiotic Producers, Environmental Bacteria, and Clinical Pathogens, Frontiers in Microbiology, 9: 2928.
Prakobsrikul, N., Malathum, K., Santanirand, P., Chumnumwat, S., Piebpien, P.
dan Montakantikul, P., 2018, Correlation Between Antimicrobial Consumption and the Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli and Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae at a University Hospital in Thailand, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 44:292–299.
Rodvold, K.A., Gotfried, M.H., Cwik, M., Korth-Bradley, J.M., Dukart, G., dan Ellis-Grosse, E.J., 2006, Serum, tissue and body fluid concentrations of tigecycline after a single 100 mg dose, The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 58: 1221–1229.
Saharman, Y.R. dan Lestari, D.C., 2013, Phenotype Characterization of Beta- lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae in The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in 2011, Acta Medica Indonesiana, 45(1):
11–16.
Sheu, C.-C., Chang, Y.-T., Lin, S.-Y., Chen, Y.-H. dan Hsueh, P.-R., 2019, Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: An Update on Therapeutic Options. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10(80).
Singhal, R. dan Rana, R., 2015, Chi-square test and its application in hypothesis testing, Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 1: 69.
Sonita, A., Erly, E. dan Masri, M., 2014, Pola Resistensi Bakteri pada Sputum Pasien PPOK Terhadap Beberapa Antibiotika di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Periode 2010 − 2012, Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 3(3):354-357.
Suay-García, B. dan Pérez-Gracia, M.T., 2019, Present and Future of Carbapenem- Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) Infections, Antibiotics, 8(122).
Tamma, P.D., Cosgrove, S.E., dan Maragakis, L.L., 2012, Combination Therapy for Treatment of Infections with Gram-Negative Bacteria, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 25: 450–470.
Thaden, J.T. dan Lewis, S.S., Hazen, K.C., Huslage, K., Fowler, V.G., Moehring, R.W., dkk., 2014, Rising Rates of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Community Hospitals: A Mixed-Methods Review of Epidemiology and Microbiology Practices in a Network of Community Hospitals in the Southeastern United States, Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 35(8):978–983.
Tjoa, E., Moehario, L.H., Rukmana, A. dan Rohsiswatmo, R., 2013, Acinetobacter baumannii: Role in Blood Stream Infection in Neonatal Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, International Journal of Microbiology, 2013.
Tsafaras, G.P., Ntontsi, P., dan Xanthou, G., 2020, Advantages and Limitations of the Neonatal Immune System, Frontiers in Pediatrics, 8: 5.
Tzouvelekis, L.S., Markogiannakis, A., Piperaki, E., Souli, M. dan Daikos, G.L., 2014, Treating Infections Caused by Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20(9):862–872.
Ugoni, A. dan Walker, B.F., 1995, The Chi Square Test, COMSIG review, 4: 61–
64.
van Duin, D., Kaye, K.S., Neuner, E.A. dan Bonomo, R.A., 2013, Carbapenem- Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A Review of Treatment and Outcomes, Diagnostic Microbiology Infectious Disease, 75: 115–120.
Vardakas, K.Z., Tansarli, G.S., Rafailidis, P.I. dan Falagas, M.E., 2012, Carbapenems Versus Alternative Antibiotics for the Treatment of Bacteraemia Due to Enterobacteriaceae Producing Extended-Spectrum- Lactamases: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67:2793–2803.
Wallace, K.M., Endimiani, A., Taracila, M.A. dan Bonomo, R.A., 2011, Carbapenems: Past, Present, and Future, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 55(11):4943-4960.
Widyati, 2019, Praktik Farmasi Klinik, Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia, Surabaya.
Xu, Y., Gu, B., Huang, M., Liu, H., Xu, T., Xia, W., dkk., 2015, Epidemiology of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) During 2000-2012 in Asia, Journal of Thoracic Disease, 7(3):376–385.
Zhanel, G.G., Wiebe, R., Dilay, L., Thomson, K., Rubinstein, E., Hoban, D.J., dkk., 2007, Comparative Review of the Carbapenems, Drugs, 67(7):1027–1052.
