THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENT METHOD TO INCREASE ACTIVITY AND STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT IN TEACHING OF
SOLUBILITY AND SOLUBILITY PRODUCT
By:
Eva Theresia P Marbun Reg. Number 408131047
Bilingual Chemistry Education Study Program
THESIS
Submitted to Fullfill Requirement Acquires Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The greatest thankfulness is given to Only One Savior, Jesus Christ who always give mercy and love by has given health, wisdom, strength, spirit, knowledge, and material to author to composing the research and this thesis suitable with the time that have been scheduled. I am aware that without God’s help, I would not able to finish my study and solve many difficulties during the writing of this thesis.
This thesis have the title “The Effectiveness of Laboratory Experiment Method to Increase Activity and Student’s Achievement in Teaching of Solubility and Solubility Product”. This thesis has been written in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in the Bilingual program at Chemistry Department of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science (FMIPA), State University of Medan (UNIMED).
In completing this thesis I have received a lot of assistances. First of all, I would like to express my thanks and great appreciation to Prof. Dr. Ramlan Silaban, M.Si, as my thesis supervisor and also for my thesis examiner Prof. Drs. Manihar Situmorang, M.Sc, Ph.D; Dr. Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si and Dra. Ani Sutiani, M.Si, for their valuable guidance, suggestions, corrections, comments, motivation and time until this thesis have completed. And I am also give thanks to Drs. Jamalum Purba, M.Si as my academic supervisor and all of lecturers in chemistry department of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science (FMIPA), State University of Medan (UNIMED).
The author also say thanks to Prof. Drs. Motlan, M.Sc, Ph. D., as a dean of Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, State University of Medan, then Prof. Herbert Sipahutar, M.Sc, Ph.D., as the coordinator of Bilingual Department program and Mr. Samsudin as administrator in Bilingual for their advices and other necessary administrative assistance and kindness.
Badaruddin Tarigan,M.Pd, also all teachers there who helped me, gave motivation and support to me finish this research.
A deepest love, appreciation and gratitude also goes to my dearest parents, M.Marbun and T.Lubis for raising me with countless love, prayer, motivation, financial support and sacrifices as well as my dearest sisters and brother; Ade Angela, Arman Nicolas, Elizabeth and Brigita Cecilia for their prayer, love, supports, and motivation during my study. And also special thanks to Pastor Enrique S.X., Pastor Redemptus Simamora OFM.Cap, Pastor Selman Sipayung Pr and Suster Renata Marbun that always give motivation and support me with their prayer.
A special mention thanks goes to my best pal Elisa Putri Siahaan, Rosy Siregar, Asri Irawan, Fitri Hasugian and all Situs@X_05 that always give me motivation and happiness and also my beloved friend, Jane and Bintang that always with me and motivate me during finishing my study, and the other friends of me: Meycan Sumbayak, Dian Citra, Titin, Maya Simarmata and all Bil Chem ’08, who have given spirit and moral support that amused the author during spare time. The author also would like to say thank you to all whose names can not be mentioned one by one for their support and friendship through my academic years.
Medan, July 23rd 2012 The Author,
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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENT METHOD TO INCREASE ACTIVITY AND STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT IN
TEACHING OF SOLUBILITY AND SOLUBILITY PRODUCT
EVA THERESIA P MARBUN (408131047)
ABSTRACT
vi
LIST OF CONTENT
Legalization Sheet i
Biography ii
Abstrac iii
Preface iv
List of Content vi
List of Figure ix
List of Table x
List of Appendix xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1The Background of Research 1 1.2The Problem Identification 4 1.3The Problem Limitation 5
1.4The Problem Statement 6
1.5The Objectives of the Research 6
1.6The Significance of the Research 7 1.7Operational Definition 8 CHAPTER II REVIEWS OF LITERATURE 2.1Defenition of Learning 9 2.2Defenition of Learning Outcomes 10
2.3Defenition of Learning Activities 11
2.4Teaching Method in Chemistry 12
2.4.1 Conventional Method in Teaching Chemistry 13
2.4.2 Laboratory Experiment in Teaching Chemistry 13
2.4.3 Discussion Method 16
2.5Inquiry Approach in Science Learning 17
2.6 Solubility and Solubility Product 19
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2.6.2 Solubility Product Constant (Ksp) 21
2.6.3 Chemical Equilibrium and Solubility 23
2.6.4 The Common Ion-Effect 23
2.6.5 Relationship between Solubility and Ksp 24
2.6.6 Molar Solubility and Solubility Product 24
2.7 Conceptual Framework 26
2.8 Research Hypothesis 27
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Time and Research Location 28
3.2Population and Sample of the Research 28
3.3 The Research Variable 28
3.4The Research Design 29
3.5The Research Procedure 30
3.6Data Collection Techniques 32
3.6.1 Research Instrument 32
3.6.1.1. Learning Test for Student’s Achievement 32
3.6.1.2. Observation Sheets of Student’s Activities 33
3.6.2 The Instrument Testing 33
3.6.2.1 Validity of Item Test 34
3.6.2.2 Reliability of Item Test 34
3.6.2.3 Difficulty Level 35
3.6.2.4 Different Index 36
3.7 Data Analysis Technique 36
3.7.1 Test of Analysis Instrument 36
3.7.1.1 The Normality Test 36
3.7.1.2 The Homogenity Test 37
3.7.2 The Hypothesis test 37
3.7.2.1 Hypothesis III 38
viii
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 The Description of School Samples 41
4.2. Instrument of Data Analysis 42
4.2.1. Validty of Instrument 42
4.2.2. Reability of Instrument 42
4.2.3. Difficulty Index 43
4.2.4. Different Index 46
4.3. The Description data of Research Result 46
4.4. Teachnique of Data Analysis Test 48
4.4.1. Normality Test of Data 48
4.4.2. Homogeinity Evaluation Test 49
4.4.3. Hypothesis Testing I 50
4.4.3.1. Teachnique of Learning Activities Data analysis 50 4.4.3.1.1. Normality Test of Data 51 4.4.3.1.2.Homogenity Test of Data 51
4.4.4. Hypothesis Testing II 52
4.4.5. Correlation Test 52
4.4.6. Percentage of Effectiveness 52
4.5. Discussion 52
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion 55
5.2. Suggestion 56
x
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1 The ratio of Qsp to Ksp values to Form Precipitation 22
Table 4.1 Description of total students that using as sample 41
Table 4.2 Description Data of Indicator Instrument Test 43
Table 4.3 Description Data of Instrument Test and Difficulty 44
Table 4.4 Student’s Achievement in SMA Methodist1 Medan 46
Table 4.5 Student’s Achievement in SMA Negeri 3 Medan 47
Table 4.6 Student’s Achievement in SMA Negeri 1 Pakam 47
Table 4.7 Student’s Achievement Combining 3 unit School 48
Table 4.8 The Normality result test of Research 49
Table 4.9 The Homogeinity Test of research data 50
Table 4.10 The Normality test of Activities 51
ix
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 The formation of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) precipitation. 20
xi
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1 Syllabus 59
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan (Experimental Class ) 62
Appendix 3 Lesson Plan (Control Class ) 91
Appendix 4 Student’s Worksheet 116
Appendix 5 Activities Worksheet 119
Appendix 6 Specification Test 121 Appendix 7 Instrument test that have been validated 122 Appendix 8 Answer Key 128
Appendix 9 Calculation of Test Validity 129 Appendix 10 Calculation of Reability Test 132 Appendix 11 Calculation of Difficulty Index 135 Appendix 12 Calculation of Different Index 138 Appendix 13 Instrument that have valid 141 Appendix 14 Answer Key 145 Appendix 15 Calculation of Normalized Gain 146 Appendix 16 Calculation of Normality Test for Student’s Outcome 154 Appendix 17 Calculation og Homogeinity Test for Student’s Outcome 155 Appendix 18 Calculation of Hypothesis testing I 157 Appendix 19 Calculation of Student’s Activity Value 159 Appendix 20 Calculation of Normality Test for Student’s Activities 166 Appendix 21 Calculation of Homogeinity Test for Student’s Activities 167 Appendix 22 Calculation of Hypothesis testing II 168 Appendix 23 Calculation of Hypothesis testing III 170 Appendix 24 Calculation of Correlation Hypothesis testing III 177 Appendix 25 Documentation of Research 179 Appendix 26 Values of r product moment 191 Appendix 27 Values of Chi Square 192 Appendix 28 Table Values of Distribution-t (Tabel t) 193
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion
After conducted research, and analyze the data have gotten some conclusion, they are:
1. Mean of Student’s learning achievement that taught by laboratory
experiment method is higher than mean of student’s learning achievement that taught by conventional method in teaching of solubility and solubility product topic.
2. Mean of Student’s learning activities that taught by laboratory
experiment method is higher than mean of student’s learning activities
that taught by conventional method in teaching of solubility and solubility product topic.
3. There is low correlation that positive between student’s learning activities and student’s learning outcomes in teaching of solubility and solubility product topic.
4. Laboratory experiment method that used is effective to increase
student’s learning achievement in teaching of solubility and solubility
product topic.
5. Laboratory experiment method that used is effective to increase
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5.2. Suggestion
From the results obtained from this study, some suggestions had to be raised in order to learning process on chemistry is effective in
increasing of student’s achievements, those are:
1. It is suggested to chemistry teachers to using laboratory experiment method in the learning process of Solubility and Solubility Product because laboratory experiment method can
increase student’s achievement and student’s activities during the learning process.
57
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