Heryanto, 2013
TASIKMALAYA
TESIS
Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat dalam menempuh Ujian Master Manajemen pada
Program Magister Manajemen Bisnis
Oleh
Heryanto, S.Pd
1101244
PROGRAM STUDY MAGISTER MANAJEMEN BISNIS
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA
Heryanto, 2013
TASIKMALAYA
Oleh
Heryanto, S.Pd
Sebuah Tesis Yang Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar
Master Manajemen pada Magister Manajemen Bisnis
© Heryanto 2013
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-undang
Thesis ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhnya atau sebagian dengan dicetak ulang,
Heryanto, 2013
THE ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL MARKETING MIX MODEL AND ITS INFLUENCE ON STUDENT’S CHOICE TO STUDY IN SMA BPK PENABUR
TASIKMALAYA
Bandung, Juli 2013
Tesis ini disetujui oleh:
Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
Prof. Dr. H. Disman, MSi. Prof. Dr. Agus Rahayu, M.P
NIP: 195902091984121001 NIP: 196212021982031002
Mengetahui,
Ketua Program Studi Magister Manajemen Bisnis
UPI Bandung
Dr. H. Ratih Hurryati M.P
Heryanto, 2013
ABSTRACT
Recent time, schools must be competitive to get students who like to enter. SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya as a private school has to compete with other state schools which are good for students. The problem from SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya is many graduated junior high schools entered the state schools. Marketing mix model is used to influence student’s choice to enter the school. Here,educational marketing mix model consists of product, place, price, promotion, people, process and psychical evidence analyzed. The objectives from this research is to analyze the influence of product, product, place, price,
promotion, people, process and psychical evidence on the student’s decision to
enter SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya.
Based on Jobber’s theory (2011),by analyzing this marketing mix model, it is
hoped to know the influence of them on student’s choice. By then, the object here is students of SMA BPK PENABUR in current three years. In which, 100 students
are used as sample by using Slovin’sformula Research method of this study is descriptive in which questionnaire used. Then the data got was analyzed by using multiple linear regression. The current study took nearly seven months to be completed, January 2013 to July 2013, held in SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya.
And the result show that product, price, promotion and people influence the
student’s choice to enter SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya. Then, the rest ones, place, process and psychical evidence don’t influence on student’s choice.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION………....iv
ABSTRACT………..v
PREFACE……….vi
TABLE OF CONTENT………..vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……….viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION………....1
1.1Background of the Problem………1
1.2Identification and Formulation of the Problem……….12
1.2.1 Identification of the Problem………..12
1.2.2 Formulation of the Problem………12
1.3Research Objective………...13
1.4Benefits of Research……….13
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS………..14
2.1 Literature Review……….14
2.1.1 Previous Research………....16
2.1.2. Educational Services Marketing Mix………..17
2.1.3 Theories of Products and Services………...21
2.1.4 Theory of Place………....23
2.1.5 Theory of Price………....25
2.1.6 Theory of Promotion ………....26
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2.1.8 Theories of Process………..29
2.1.9 Theories of Psychical Evidence………..31
2.1.10Phases of Purchasing Decisions………...31
2.2 Theoretical Framework……….33
2.3 Hypothesis……….34
CHAPTER III OBJECT AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………36
3.1 Objects Research………..36
3.2 Research Methods………36
3.3 Population and Sample……….36
3.3.1 Population……….37
3.3.2 Sample………...37
3.4Operational Variables………....37
3.5 Sources and Types of Data………. 40
3.6 Data Collection Techniques………..40
3.7. Research Instruments………...40
3.7.1 Test Validity………40
3.7.2 Test Reliability……….41
3.8 Data Analysis……….42
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND EXPLANATION………46
4.1 Characteristics of Respondents……….46
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4.2 Hypothesis Test………...50
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS………56
5.1 Conclusion………...56
5.2 Suggestion………...57
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Students had some reasons why they entered a school for a place to
continue their study. Those reasons were supposed coming from marketing mix
model done by school. Then the phenomena should be explained clearly. The
using marketing mix for influencing student’s choice must be understood without
complicated matter. That’s why background of problem is needed to explain the
case happened.
1.1 Background of the Problem
Education is believed to be a strategic tool to improve human life.
Through education, people become smart, have the ability or skill and good
attitude, so that they can get along well in society. Education becomes an
investment that pays benefits that make social and personal dignity of the nation
and the individual human being better.
Developments in science and technology require people to make the
changes so that they can keep up with the times. The role of knowledge is
essential for any society that will improve its ability to follow a competitive
rivalry in the multidimensional crisis.
According to UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization) in an effort to improve the quality of a nation, there is no
other way except by improving the quality of education. United Nations (UN)
through the four pillars of UNESCO proclaimed good education for the present
and for the future, that are: (1) learning to know (deep and broad mastery in a
particular field of science), (2) learning to do (learn to apply the knowledge, work
as a team, learn to solve problems in a variety of situations, learn to work or apply
the knowledge gained by the students), (3) learning to be (learning to be
independent, to be responsible to realize the goal together), (4) learning to live
together (learning to understand and respect other people, their history and their
religious values). The four pillars of education combine the goals intelligence
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Education in crisis multidimensional prolonged has attracted the attention
of various people and moved into one of the major expenditure items that weigh
most members of the public.
Indonesia should pay attention to education programs if the country does
not want to lose reliable, intelligent and integrated generation in the nation.
Education is a supporting factor that plays an important role in all sectors. To
speed up the distribution of education in Indonesian society and the educational
opportunities of high quality for all Indonesian people towards the creation of
human Indonesia high quality then the government should really realize the
budget around 331,8 trillion rupiahs by the Indonesian Budget.
In addition, Law No. 20 Year 2003 on National Education System
provides the legal basis for establishing national education by applying the
principles of democracy, decentralization, autonomy, justice and upholding
human rights. Implementation of the provisions of this law is expected to support
all efforts to solve the problems of education in order to contribute significantly to
the macro issues of Indonesia.
That will let all the people represented segments of society associated with
education, either directly or indirectly have a good understanding of the contents
of this law. Thus, it gives the meaning that all components of the community are
entitled to a better education opportunity to create qualified human resources.
Thus Indonesia will have a strong development policy that is the availability of
qualified human resources in all sectors.
Basically, a school can be said to be a good school if the school has a high
credibility and quality in teaching and learning system. Then, they are done with
the purpose to make students are not only smart but also have a good personality.
In addition, the good senior high school will also lead the students to learn well
and can achieve many accomplishments.
These days, competition between schools is more attractive. Marketing for
educational institutions is absolutely necessary. School as an educational service
agencies need to learn and have the initiative to improve the amount of customers
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winning the inter-school competitions as well as improving the quality and
professionalism of the school management.
Currently, the term effectively and efficiently is a term often used in a
tighter pattern. No exception to education, including the school felt the demanding
conditions. Many of the changes have been done especially regarding patterns of
school management over the years. School as an educational service agencies
need to learn and have the initiative to further improve customer satisfaction,
because education is a circular process of mutual influence and sustainable.
School initiatives starting from finding out (market research) educational market
conditions, from various segments of the market. Furthermore, the school set a
marketing strategy to suit the target market.
Marketing for educational institutions (especially schools) are absolutely
necessary. First as a non-profit organization engaged in educational services, for
any level, it is necessary to convince the public "customers" (students, parents,
and other concerned people) that institutions still exist. Secondly, it is necessary to
convince the public and the "customers" that truly educational services are
relevant to the needs of the community.
Thirdly, the need to conduct marketing activities in order types and forms
of education may be widely known and understood by the public. Fourthly, the
existence of institutions is not abandoned by society at large as well as "potential
customers". Event marketing is not just the business activities of educational
institutions that receive students, but also a form of responsibility to the wider
community.
Marketing strategies are designed to enhance the consumer's perception of
opportunities and positive feelings towards products, services and certain brands,
will try to produce qualified product, service or brand. To develop marketing
strategies competitive, marketers need to know which customers are likely to buy
their products, what factors cause them some love the product, what criteria were
used in deciding to buy the product, how they obtain information about product
and others. So it can be seen clearly, the interrelationship between marketing
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Talking about education in Indonesia, it is not spread fairly. It is centered
in Java Island. It is estimated happened because Java is a place where the capital
city stand for. West Java is a modern region in Java. Facilities for education are
easily to get here. There are a lot of schools available. Many schools are good,
some are not. However, West Java is being an education destination for other
regions around Indonesia. Government does a role in Jakarta which is in near
West Java. So, cities in West Java in this term should have good education.
However, the facts are not like that.
So many places in Java don’t have good facilities. They may be remote
areas from government control. Good or not the facilities depend on how the local
government takes a hand how the education should be held.
Commonly in Indonesia, especially in Java, the schools are divided by two
which are state school and private school. State school is a school financially
handled by government. In another hand private school is financially handled by
non-government. It can be an institution, a group of people and others.
Different with condition in the last time in which people didn’t think so
much to enter a good school or not, schools were the same, right now people have
different concept. So many schools are held. They offer different facilities and
images for being good schools. They compete each other become the best. Here,
the students need a think to choose a good school for them.
Talking about private schools, it is more interesting than state school. How
schools get competition each other to interest students to choose them should be
explained more. Having strategies are main points how a school can be
established. The conditions of private schools in Java are different between big
cities and small cities. Schools in big cities have access to be good ones. In
another hand, schools in small cities must struggle to maintain their existence.
The unique condition above makes the writer interested to describe more
about the struggling from a private school in a small city. The writer chose
Tasikmalaya as object study because Tasikmalaya is a small city which should
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SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya as a research. There are some reasons why
the writer chose SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya for the research.
SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya is a private school. The school must
have independent source in finance to maintain. As a branch of BPK PENABUR,
the school follows the rule from the center of BPK PENABUR in Jakarta.
Compete with other senior high schools in Tasikmalaya need good strategies. It is
better to know the history of SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya.
SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya can not be separated from the effort
and struggle Br. Thio Sioe Tjoan.
In about 1953 Br. Thio Sioe Tjoan proposed the idea of establishing his
own school since the children of the congregation of GKI-Jabar (Chinese Kie Tok
Kauw Hwee Hwee Khu Jabar) must attend school under the auspices of the
institution of GKP.
This idea received a positive response and support from the congregation
and the congregation of GKI West Java Assembly eventually ideas that could be
realized on the date of October 15, 1953.
Schools established comprising kindergarten and elementary. For SD was
originally given the name "SD Masehi" to simultaneously open for grade 1, 2, and
3. Students for kindergarten and first grade I were new, while students for grade 2
and 3were transferred from SD 'Immanuel' owned by GKP (former school
zending - Netherlands).
Kindergarten was held in the building next to the church at a cost of Rp
15,000, - (fifteen thousand rupiahs), while for 3 (three) space required for SD,
Assembly Church GKI West Java allowed the school to use the church and
consistory.
At the beginning of 1954 with the assistance of BPK JABAR (before it
was changed to BPK PENABUR) was Rp 60,000, - (sixty thousand rupiahs), built
a four (4) classrooms with the location of some of the church's land and partly on
the gutter (after received permission from the government shut down the gutter
Tasikmalaya regency). The classroom was built entirely on top of the gutter, while
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Having completed 4 classrooms, the children were moved to a new class
which is on Jl. No veteran. 51 Tasikmalaya.
For passage of school operations, then was appointed a Principal is Mr..
Djin Tan Swie. In addition to serving as head of the SD, he also served as head of
the kindergarten. It also recruited two (2) teachers namely Mr.. E. Gunata (Liem
Tiam Ek) and Br. Trilianti Hartani.
In 1954 Br. Djin Tan Swie moved to Jakarta, it was replaced by the
position of Principal Br. E. Gunata (Liem Tian Ek) and as a substitute Br. E.
Gunata was Ny. Gunata own.
1956 Christian Elementary School for the first time Tasikmalaya state
examination attended by 10 students and graduated 100%.
Given the SDK students who have passed the necessary school to continue
their studies to the next level and also the insistence of the parents so that there
wascontinuity of children's education, then in August 1, 1957 officially
established Christian junior high school located in a rented not used building of
the old GKP Tasikmalaya (a former Missionary schools - Netherlands).
From year to year the number of students is increasing SDK, and there was
insufficient space, then in 1973 it was decided to add classrooms by asking
permission to local government of Tasikmalaya. After receiving permission, 2
classrooms, 1 office room, 2 bathrooms / WC and urinal for boys were built.
In 1976 it was decided to hold SMA BPK PENABUR to accommodate
children from SMP BPK PENABUR, after obtaining permission from the
Regional Office of the Department of Education of West Java. Teaching and
learning activities carried out in the afternoon after school activity SMPK
completed.
Dated March 26, 1979 the new SDK building built in 1973 nested, so the
SDK has 9 classrooms, principal of office space, a library, infirmary, teacher
offices and WC.
Efforts so that students could enter SMA BPK PENABUR in the morning
realized in 1980. With the approval of GKP Tasikmalaya to establish and add to
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next 4 classroom building SMP BPK PENABUR. The inauguration of the use of
the building took place on May 3, 1981.
At the date of June 6, 1985 Board of Tasikmalaya BPK PENABUR could
buy a land area of 455 m2 on Jl. No. Cihideung Balong. 84 Tasikmalaya. The
location of the land was opposite the location of the SD BPK PENABUR. Then
on December 6, 1985 was the laying of the first stone building with 2 floors.
Inauguration of the use of this building was held on July 12, 1986.
SMA BPK PENABUR developments were encouraging, because the
students who signed up not only of SMP BPK PENABUR alone but also from the
other junior high schools. Considering it was to meet the shortage of classrooms,
the date of July 1, 1988 the old building nested. Inauguration was made by the
Chairman of the BPK PENABUR, Drs. Djufrie N. Sentana, MBA on January 14,
1989.
SD BPK PENABUR also experienced growth in the number of students
who were very good, then on August 1, 1990 Tasikmalaya Board decided to hire
former elementary school building owned by GKP Immanuel Tasikmalaya
located at Jln. Selakaso (next GKP) for 5 years. This was done so that the teaching
and learning activities in the SD BPK PENABUR done in the morning were given
during the morning and afternoon.
With the submission of the budget to purchase land BPK PENABUR, then
on February 15, 1995 was the purchase of a plot of land of 2,242 m2 in Ibu
Apipah allocated for building the SD BPK PENABUR. The first stone laying
ceremony took place on 24 November 1996 by the Chairman of the
BPKPENABUR, Drs. Ruddy Koesnadi (plenum coincided in Tasikmalaya).
Removal plan SD BPK PENABUR from the old location to the new location gets
a bit of a challenge given the situation in Tasikmalaya parents felt pretty serious
after rioting and arson incident churches in Tasikmalaya in 1996.
With the support of the inclusion of prayer and God's undying faith for His
children, so the plan remained to be implemented in the academic year 1998/1999
SD BPK PENABUR officially moved to a new location. Worship and
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The launching was by the Chairman of the BPK PENABUR Drs. Ruddy
Koesnadi held on August 3, 1998.
Area for high school on Jl. Selakaso 63 Tasikmalaya which was owned by
the GKP ranging from 1957 s / d 2000 or for 43 years PENABUR Tasikmalaya
hired by the BPK PENABUR. Finally over thanks to God and the prayers of the
congregation of GKI Tasikmalaya, the entire extended family PENABUR
Tasikmalaya CPC and CPC funding support from BPK PENABUR - On July 1,
2001 the land and buildings belonged to official schools of BPK PENABUR after
holding the first payment on the GKP.
Middle and high school buildings in particular locations used by the SMP
weathered considering the age of the building is old - the age of the building was
estimated at between 60-70 years.
With faith -BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya apply to BPK PENABUR to
remodel the building considering the condition of the building was not suitable to
be used also inadequate location with a growing number of students.
Finally in early December 2005 - began the construction / renovation of
school buildings in Jl Selakaso 63 and on September 9, 2006 the building was
completed and inaugurated by the Chairman of the BPK PENABUR was
accompanied by the Secretary General of BPK PENABUR.
In accordance with the plan anyway, then on January 8, 2007 school
building in Jl Selakaso No.. 63 was used for elementary and SMA BPK
PENABUR while occupying the building in Jl Ibu Apipah which was originally
used for SD BPK PENABUR.
After knowing the history, talking about education in high school should
be described. As people know when the junior high school level has been
completed, the students will continue to pursue senior high school education
levels. Continuing education in the proper senior high school will make students
to have a good education for themselves. The students in Tasikmalaya realize that
to choose a good high school is very important because if the students are able to
enter a good high school, not only their own parents to be proud of, but it also
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These things are the reason a senior high school can be considered as a
good high school. In the eyes of parents and the community, students who enter a
good senior high school mean the student will be receiving a qualified education,
and this is something that is commonly used as a pride for the parents when the
child gets in high school and becomes a good student.
The pride is not only owned by the parents because their children would
receive a good education, but also for their senior high school students
themselves. A good senior high school provides adequate facilities for the
students to be able to develop their skills, not only in academic terms, but also in
other areas, such as foreign language skills, the ability to master science and math.
And it is not just an appropriate curriculum, but also the development of talent for
the students themselves, and activities other than academics.
Good senior high school that quite often becomes a choice for parents and
students themselves are PENABUR Tasikmalaya. SMA BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya located in Apipah Street, Tasikmalaya. SMA BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya's mission is to build students’ belief in God (faith), the values of knowledge (education), and has the spirit to serve others (service).
This time, SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya has 83 new students
entering grade X. These are the collected data from last 5 years.
1.1 Students tested and received in SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya
Year Students
Registered
Students Tested Students
Received
2008 82 80 69
2009 87 86 74
2010 101 99 96
2011 90 89 80
2012 104 102 83
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The students come from some areas, not only from Tasikmalaya area.
They have some reasons why they choose SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya as
their senior high school.
The problem from SMA BPK PENABUR is many graduated junior high
students entered the state schools. There are four state schools that are favourite in
Tasikmalaya which are SMA N 1, SMA N 2, SMA N 3 and SMA N 4. Each
school has own strength.
SMA N 1 is good in Science and Math. In addition, this school becomes
an example for being an international school. SMA N 2 is good in sport. Their
basketball team often wins the competition. SMA N 3 is very good in social. They
often win debate competition. Then, SMA N 4 is excellent in English. From this
school, speech competition is won by them.
The most important is the tuition in those schools are much cheaper than
BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya. Graduated junior high students who want a good
school in a cheap tuition will enter those schools than SMA BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya.
The influence of them is the amount of students entering SMA BPK
PENABUR will be decreased. Then, the quality of students who enter SMA BPK
PENABUR is not good. It is because smart students are more interested to enter
state schools.
Many strategies SMA BPK PENABUR did to interest graduated junior
high school students to enter the school. First, SMA BPK PENABUR gave
scholarship until 100% free tuition for graduated students who got rank 1-3. By
doing this, hopefully smart students will enter to SMA BPK PENABUR.
Second, SMA BPK PENABUR visited some junior high schools to
introduce the school itself. By knowing the good ones in SMA BPK PENABUR,
many students will be interested to enter.
Third, SMA BPK PENABUR held an annual big event. The event showed
the skills of students in a modern performance. It is believed to have ability to
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Marketing mix model, especially educational services, is chosen because
in conjunction with the marketing of higher education services cannot be
separated from discussion of the product / program of study, place, price / tuition
fees and promotion, people, process and physical evidence. Professional capacity
of the SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya in optimizing the marketing mix
strategy tends to be directed at the behavior of junior high school students to
choose SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya as a place of learning.
Every private school has its marketing strategy and management. The
composition of attraction of the factors that influence the marketing mix decisions
junior high school students to choose SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya, that
are taking into account the product (program), place, price (tuition fees),
promotion, people, processes and physical evidence.
In this case there are several factors that affect junior high school graduate
students in determining the choice of their continuing study in SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya, especially in the marketing mix strategy is applied.
Marketing mix strategy is the decision making process in choosing a senior high
school.
Marketing mix has been already done by SMA BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya actually. First about product, SMA BPK PENABUR uses national
standard curricula. It means learning process there is admitted by the nation.
Second, it is about the place, the school itself placed in a strategic place which is
easier for students to get in. Third, about price, SMA BPK PENABUR applied the
tuition based on the condition of financial from the family. It looked fair indeed.
Fourth, it is about promotion. The school held the annual big event which
is believed interesting for students. Fifth, it is about people. SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya has qualified teachers in which they have right
educational background. It means students will get the right lesson from the right
people. Sixth is about process. Process for registration is not complicated. It is
easy for students to register. Then, the last is about physical evidence. SMA BPK
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It can be concluded from above that SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya
perfectly did marketing mix. The problem is there is no right knowledge that all of
these influence student’s choice or not in real. That’s why the writer want to
explain how the marketing done by SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya influence
student’s choice to enter the school.
Here, the writer wants to explain more done by SMA BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya on seven aspects of educational marketing mix model that are
products, place, price and promotion, people, process and physical evidence.
Then, it becomes a research for THE ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL MARKETING MIX MODEL AND ITS INFLUENCE ON STUDENT’S CHOICE
TO STUDY IN SMA BPK PENABUR TASIKMALAYA
1.2 Identification and Formulation of the Problem
1.2.1 Identification of the Problem
The numbers of students who enter Senior High School of PENABUR
Tasikmalaya were not satisfying every year. There were an increasing number of
students, but there was also a decline in student numbers. By looking at the seven
aspects of the educational marketing mix, it can be expected to explain that
phenomena happened.
1.2.2 Formulation of the Problem
Based on the background, it can be proposed formulation of the problem as
follow:
1. How is the influence of product on the student's decision to enter SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya?
2. How is the influence of place on the student's decision to enter SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya?
3. How is the influence of price on the student's decision to enter SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya?
4. How is the influence of promotion on the student's decision to enter SMA BPK
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5. How is the influence of people on the student's decision to enter SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya?
6. How is the influence of physical evidence on the student's decision to enter
SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya?
7. How is the influence of process on the student's decision to enter SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya?
1.3 Research Objectives
Based on the formulation of the problem above, the objectives of this
study are:
1. To analyze the influence of product on the student's decision to enter SMA
BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya
2. To analyze the influence of place on the student's decision to enter SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya
3. To analyze the influence of price on the student's decision to enter SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya
4. To analyze the influence of promotion on the student's decision to enter SMA
BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya.
5. To analyze the influence of people on the student's decision to enter SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya?
6. To analyze the influence of physical evidence on the student's decision to enter
SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya?
7. To analyze the influence of process on the student's decision to enter SMA
BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya?
1.4 Benefits of Research
1. As a useful input in improving the marketing strategy for SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya in order to increase or maintain number of students
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2. As an addition to the repertoire that can be used in research and developed by
all people, especially for Business Management Graduate School, Indonesian
University of Education.
3. As an addition to the knowledge and insight for writers, especially in marketing
management and other fields.
4. As a reference for other researchers to study the problem of research
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CHAPTER III
OBJECT AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Objects Research
According Sugiyono (2009:38) understanding of the research object is an
attribute or the nature or value of a person, object or activity that has certain
variations which are set by the researchers to be learned and then drawn
conclusions.
Here, the objects research are students of SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya
grade 1-3.
3.2 Research Methods
The research method is a way to be able to grasp an object of research to
guide researchers to the sequences of how research is conducted that includes
techniques and procedures used in the study
The method used is descriptive method that the author of a literary portrait of the
actual state of the object under study, according to the actual situation at the time
of the study directly.
3.3 Population and Sample
According to Sugiyono, the population means generalization region
consists of: objects / subjects that have certain qualities and characteristics are
determined by investigators to be studied and then drawn conclusions (Sugiyono,
2010:80).
So the population is not only people but also objects and natural objects to
another. Population is also not just the amount present in the object / subject
studied, but includes characteristics / properties owned by the subject or the
object.
Sample new research may be carried on the subject in a state where the
population is completely homogeneous.
According to Sugiyono (2010), sample is part or the number and
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researchers may not learn all that there is in the population, e.g. because funds
limitation, manpower and time, the researchers will take a sample of the
population. What is learned from the samples, the conclusion will be applied to
the population. The samples are taken from the population to rigorously
representative (Sugiyono, 2010).
3.3.1 Population
The population is a region consisting of generalization, objects or subjects
that have certain qualities and characteristics are determined by the researchers to
learn and then drawn conclusions. (Sugiyono 2010: 72). In this study, the
respondents are students of SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya. It is hoped that
the results of this study provide a clearer picture about the judgment of students in
choosing a school.
3.3.2 Sample
There are 259 students in SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya now. The
writer used Slovin formula that is:
n = N/ (1+Ne2)
in which
e = margin error 5%
n = sample
N = population
So, when it is counted=
n = N/ (1+Ne2)
= 259 / (1 + 259 (0,05)2)
= 259 /2,65
= 97,7
So, for this, the writer will use 100 students as sample. The 100
respondents are pit from three grades available based on the percentage of the
amount of students. So, they are from grade X, XI, and XII. Then, it is put from
sex identity male in female in random.
Heryanto, 2013
For operational variables, this research will use Service Quality
Dimensions that has been researched by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and L. Berry
(2009). There are five dimensions that are tangibles, reliability, responsiveness,
assurance, and empathy.
Independent variables (independent variables) in this study are overall
those dimensions that consist of products, place, price and promotion.
Dependent variable (dependent variable) in this study is a decision to
choose SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya field as a place to get an education
(Y), the overall effort or action from students directly choose SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya as a place to study.
Then it will be presented for a clearer operational definitions of
independent variables and the dependent variable are described in Table 3.1 below
which will also be described on each of the indicators that support the
independent variable and dependent variable and will be determined that there are
types of measurement scale.
It can be described like this:
[image:24.595.109.546.230.740.2]Table 2.2
Influence of 7 P’s
Variable Definition Indicator Measurement
Product (X1)
Place (X2)
Overall offer and the
services that provide
benefits to all students in
SMA BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya.
It is a location and
strategic place of SMA
BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya.
Good curricula,
accreditation, brand
image
Near public facilities
, near from home,
safe
Ordinal
Heryanto, 2013 Price (X3) Promotion (X4) People (X5) Process (X6) Psychical Evidence (X7) Student’s Decision (Y)
Overall financial that is
issued for students to
study in SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya.
Overall effort is made by
SMA BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya give
information to the
students to know their
services.
The whole of the
individual help /
contribute for all of
operational going well.
Overall process activities
in SMA BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya.
Overall evidence can be
seen from the school
Efforts or actions of
students who are directly /
not to choose SMA BPK
Reachable payment,
conditional tuition,
scholarship
Annual big event,
school visit, open
school
qualified teachers,
qualified
administration
officers, qualified
non administration
officers,
registration,
learning, payment
Modern building,
sport arena, labs
Initiative need,
finding information,
Heryanto, 2013
PENABUR Tasikmalaya
as a place to study.
evaluation, right
decision, psychology
effect
And for more attractive, this research will use Service Quality Dimensions
that has been researched by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and L. Berry (2009). There
are five dimensions in that measurements that are tangiables, realibility,
responsiveness, assurance, and empathy.
3.5 Sources and Types of Data
Sources of data used in this study:
1) Primary sources are the data obtained from the first of the individual sources
such as interviews or filling questionnaire (Umar 2009:130). The type of data is
obtained directly from the results of questionnaires to the community and
parents.
2) A secondary source is the data that has been further processed and presented by
both primary data collection or by others (Umar 2009: 130) such as, data on the
number of students , historical data and a new student in the SMA BPK
PENABUR Tasikmalaya.
The type of data used in this study is quantitative data. Quantitative data is data
in the form of numbers that can be calculated systematically (Sugiyono 2010: 14),
such as data gender, education and employment
3.6 Data Collection Techniques
Data collection methods used in this study is using questionnaire.
Questionnaire data collection technique is done by set of questions that are
covered and must be filled in by the respondent by way of choosing one
alternative answers available.
3.7. Research Instruments
Sugiyono (2010: 86) states that the Likert scale is used to measure
attitudes, one's opinion about social phenomena. All variables used in this study
were measured using a Likert scale of 1 to 5 for the responses.
Heryanto, 2013
According to Sugiyono (2010), the valid and reliable instrument means a
measuring tool used to get the valid data. Valid means the instrument can be used
to measure what it is supposed measured. While the instrument is reliable means
when used to measure many times will result in the same data.
Testing the validity and reliability of the instrument will then be calculated
using SPSS (Statistical Packed for Social Science). Sugiyono (2010) argues "If
the validity of any answer obtained when provided a list of questions is greater
than 0.30 then the questions considered as valid ".
3.7.2 Test Reliability
Reliability or reliability conducted to determine the extent to which the
questionnaire can give different results when measured return on the same subject
at different times. The questionnaire is a reliable questionnaire which, if attempted
repeatedly to the same group will result in the same data with the provisions of
Cronbach alpha greater than 0.60, (Simamora, 2009: 177).
According to the Court (2005:72) Reliability (reliability) is a measure of
the stability and consistency of the respondents in answering the issues related to
constructs that question is a variable dimension and arranged in a form of
questionnaire.
In this study the reliability testing using Cronbach Alpha approaches to the
formula:
Description:
: Cronbach alpha reliability
k : Number of items in scale
: The average correlation among items
F : If the value of Cronbach alpha> 0.60, then the instrument is said to
reliable, otherwise if <0.60, is said to be reliable.
With using sample 30 students and managed data by SPSS 16, got the result as
Heryanto, 2013
Table 3.3
The result of instrument:
Variable Alpha Conclusion
Products 0, 888 Reliable
Place 0, 888 Reliable
Price 0, 834 Reliable
Promotion 0, 901 Reliable
People 0,876 Reliable
Process 0,854 Reliable
Psychical Evidence 0,812 Reliable
Student’s Decision 0, 814 Reliable
3.8 Data Analysis
To determine the effect of the product, place, price, and promotion to the
decision of choosing SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya, then used multiple
regression analysis with the following equation:
Y = a + β1X1 + β2X2 + β3X3 + β4X4 + e Where:
Y = Student Decision
a = constants
β1 = coefficient of variable X1 β2 = coefficient of variable X2 β3 = coefficient of variable X3 β4 = coefficient of variable X4 X1 = Product (Program)
Heryanto, 2013 X3 = Price
X4 = promotion
e = Standard error (error rate)
Hypothesis Testing criteria are:
Ho: Product, place, price, promotion, people, process and psychical evidence are
not a positive influence on student’s choice to enter SMA BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya.
Product, place, price, promotion, people, process and psychical evidence
are not a positive influence student’s choice to enter SMA BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya.
To test the significance of these factors together against the decision of
choosing SMA BPK PENABUR tasikmalaya, used test formula F (Sugiyono,
2010), namely:
Fh = (R² /k ) / ((1 - R ²) / (n k 1))
Description:
R ² = coefficient of multiple correlation
k = number of independent variables
n = Number of sample members
In the F test, with a confidence level (confidence interval) 95% or α = 0.05
if the calculation of significant F value is smaller than α = 0.05 then Ho rejected
and Ha is accepted, it means that the independent variables-variables it is together
have a significant effect on the dependent variable.
Conversely, if a significant F value is greater than α = 0.05 then the Ho accepted and Ha rejected, this means that the independent variables it together not
have a significant effect on the dependent variable.
To test the significance of these factors partially on student’s choice on
SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya, used test formula t, (Sugiyono, 2010), that
Heryanto, 2013 t √
√
Description:
rp = partial correlation found
n = number of samples
t = t count is then compared with the t table.
If the results of the t test with a confidence level (Confident Interval) of 95% or α
= 0.05 t value significantly smaller than α = 0.05 then Ho is rejected. 3.9. Classical Assumption Testing
3.9.1 Normality Test Data
Testing this hypothesis using non-parametric statistics because the data to
be tested ordinal form. Therefore Santoso (2010), states that "to determine
whether the data were normally distributed or or near-normal and normal is
considered biased, if the bias will be tested Plot normality, which is a test using
PP-Plot Graph ".
Testing normality normality test data using the Plot basis for decision
making PP-plot graphs see that if a data distribution looks clustered around the
test line that leads to right up and no data located far away from the distribution of
the data. Thus the data is said to be normal bias.
3.9.2 Multicollinearity Test
In multiple linear regression problems besides the above test also there
should be related Multicollinearity testing, because it is bias can affect whether or
not the conclusion of a multiple regression analysis.
Multicollinearity is an event that informs the relationship between the
independent variables and the relations are quite large. This case will cause the
significance of the estimated regression coefficients obtained.
3.9.3 Test Heterocedastisity
Another serious problem that may arise in the Multiple Regression
Analysis is heterocedastity. This arises when the assumption that the variance of
the factors tool is constant for all the independent variables that are not being met.
Heryanto, 2013
presence or absence heterocedastity regression model used in the form of Residual
Analysis chart with the basic decision-making if certain patterns such as no spots
particular form a regular pattern, then there heterocedastity.
If there is no clear pattern, and the points spread below the number 0 on
the axis Y does not happen heterocedastity.
3.10. Hypothesis Testing
From the data processing will be carried out with SPSS software analysis
descriptively and prove the hypothesis. Hypothesis testing using Multiple Linear
Regression, inside effect will be seen simultaneously or partially. The
decision-making criteria are as follow.
3.10.1 Test for Simultaneous (F-test)
Simultaneous test (F-test) was aimed to determine whether independent
variables jointly have a significant effect the dependent variable is: Decision of
students choosing SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya.
In the F-test when a significant F value calculation is smaller than α = 0.05
where H0 Products Factor (course of study), price (tuition fees), promotion,
location, people, processes, and services are not a positive influence on the
decision Students choose SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya rejected and Ha
where Factor Product (course of study), price (tuition fees), promotion, location,
people, process, and services has positive influence on the decision Students
choose SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya is accepted. This means that the
independent variables together - both have a significant effect on the dependent
variable.
3.10.2 Partial Test (t-test)
Partial test (t-test) was used to determine the effect of each independent
variables on the dependent variable, whether the effect is real or not.
If the t value significantly smaller than α = 0.05, it can be seen
independent variables gives significant effect on dependent variables that is the
Heryanto, 2013
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion
Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, then put some notes
that:
1. From the product variable, brand image has the highest rank. It means SMA
BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya is popular in positive way for graduated junior
high schools. It is good since the school as wellknown for discipline and
achievement.
2. The second one about place, SMA BPK PENABUR is placed in a strategic way. It can be got from many streets. It’s near the students’ home. That’s why students choose SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya as their place to study. They don’t need to get burden by complicated vehicles.
3. The third one about price, students chose reachable payment as the highest
rank. It is not strange anyway. With complete facilities, the payment they paid
is the right complement.
4. The fourth one about promotion. It’s nice open school to be access for students
to know about SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya.
5. The fifth is about people. Qualified teachers become the main reason students
enter SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya. For a private school in small city.
SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya has qualified teachers in certain
background. Some of them took a master degree.
6. The six one is about process. Process in registration in SMA BPK PENABUR
is easy. Just come to school. Then, administration officers will guide the
students friendly.
7. The seventh one is about psychical evidence. SMA BPK PENABUR
Tasikmalaya has a big building. Students who study there can be proud of it.
8. Product, price, promotion and people have a significant influence on student’s
Heryanto, 2013
9. Place, process and psychical evidence don’t influence on student’s choice to
enter SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya.
5.2 Suggestion
From research done, the researchers can suggest as follow:
1. From the product variable, a good curriculum has the lowest rank. It is suggested for school to improve the curricula. What’s the good and what’s the bad. The main thing, the school should still follow the national curricula with
improving some creative curricula, so the students will like it. It is hoped can
improve the quality of product variable.
2. The second one about place, near from public facilities has the lowest rank. It is
suggested to make some facilities available such as garden.
3. The third one about price, it is suggested to introduce the scholarship deeply.
The scholarship will help students financially and make proud for smart
students who get it.
4. The fourth one about promotion. Annual big event need a lot of money to hold
it. And then, from research, the annual big event is in the bottom list. It is
suggested to promote the annual big event in larger media such as radio and
newspapers.
5. The fifth is about people. Improving qualities of non-administration officers
should be done. Security and others should do the job professionally.
6. The six one is about process. Process in learning in the class got the bottom list.
It is suggested to make class more fun.
7. The seventh one is about psychical evidence. Complete the facilities in labs, so
that students can be interesting to study there.
8. Since product, price, promotion and people have a significant influence on student’s choice to enter SMA BPK PENABUR Tasikmalaya, better for school to focus on them.
Heryanto, 2013
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