Introduction to AMR by Deputy Regional Director ppt, 896kb

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Introduction to

Antimicrobial Resistance

Introduction to

Antimicrobial Resistance

Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh

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Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance: WHD2011

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Outline



What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its

implications?



Why are we worried about AMR in SEA Region?



What are the possible solutions?



What is WHO doing?

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Outline



What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its implications



Why are we worried about AMR in SEA Region



What are the possible solutions



What is WHO doing

(4)

Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance: WHD2011

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Antimicrobial (Antibiotics) resistance



Resistance is unresponsiveness to antimicrobial agents in

standard doses



A natural biological

unstoppable

phenomenon which is driven

by rampant misuse of antimicrobial agents

–

50%

of

antibiotics are prescribed inappropriately

–

50%

of

patients have poor compliance

–

50%

of populations do not have access to essential antibiotics

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Resistance has huge negative impact on health



Longer duration of illness



Longer treatment



Higher mortality



Treatment with expensive drugs



Increased burden on health system



Negates technological advances in medical sector

–

Complex surgeries

–

Transplantations and other interventions



Patient acts as reservoir of resistant organisms which are

passed to community and health-care workers

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Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance: WHD2011

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Outline



Why are we worried about AMR in SEA Region



What is WHO doing

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Resistance is negating “wonder drugs” in SEAR



Tuberculosis

–

MDR-TB < 3% : 130,000 cases annually, XDR-TB: Reported from 4 countries



Kala-azar

–

60% resistance in pentavalent antimony and 25% in pentamidine



Typhoid fever

–

MDR Salmonella Typhi prevalent all over Region

–

Causing 10% Case Fatality Rate (CFR) in children (preantibiotic era: 12.8%)



Hospital associated infections

–

Staphylococcus aureus

: >50% isolates in hospitals are methicillin-resistant (MDR)

–

Acinetobacter baumannii

: >50% of patients infected with resistant strains die

–

Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Serratia

: MDR persist in hospital settings, and cause huge mortality

morbidity



Malaria

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Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance: WHD2011

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Superbugs* are visible manifestations of our prolonged failure to preserve antibiotics

** Methicillin resistant Staph aureus, MDR-and XDR Mycobacteria, ESBL producing Gram negative bacteria and NDM-1 producing enterobacteriaceae bacteria are few examples of superbugs because these fail to respond to large number of commonly used antibiotics

Known but neglected .

Need immediate action

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Outline



What is WHO doing

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Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance: WHD2011

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Possible solutions



Discover new drugs faster than emergence of resistance



Promote discovery, development and dissemination of new

antimicrobial agents



Prevent emergence of resistance by reducing selection

pressure by appropriate control measures

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Antibiotics: Roadway

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Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance: WHD2011

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Possible solutions



Discover new drugs faster than emergence of resistance



Rationalize the use of available antimicrobial agents



Prevent emergence of resistance by reducing selection

pressure by appropriate control measures



Promote discovery, development and dissemination of new

antimicrobial agents

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Regional Strategy on AMR and Resolution of RC63



Governance



Regulatory



Capacity building



Community

education

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Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance: WHD2011

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Outline



What is WHO doing

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WHO material for technical support….

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Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance: WHD2011

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Outline



What is WHO doing

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We need to preserve

this resource by

working together

Use Antibiotics

rationally

Antibiotics are

a precious resource

“antimicrobial resistance is

possibly the single biggest

threat facing the world in