DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH REGISTER IN SEWING OPERATOR GUIDE BOOK OF APACINTI SEMARANG
REGENCY
THESIS
Submitted to the Board of Examiners in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.l)
in the English and Education Department
WAHYU FAJAR NIM. 113 04 030
E N G L ISH A N D ED U C A T IO N D E P A R T M E N T ST A T E IN ST IT U T E O F ISL A M C ST U D IE S (ST A IN )
DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS STATE ISLAMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE
(STAIN) SALATIGA
JL Stadion 03 Phone. 0298 323706 Salatiga 50721
Website : www.stainsalatiga.ac.id E-m ail: administrasi@stainsalatiga.ac.id
STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION
A D E SC R IPT IV E ST U D Y OF E N G L ISH R E G IST E R S U SE D IN SEW IN G O PE R A T O R G U ID E B O O K O F A PA C IN T I
SE M A R A N G R E G E N C Y
WAHYU FAJAR NIM. 113 04 030
Has been brought to the board of examiners in March, 13rd 2010 M and hereby considered to completely fiillfillment of the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) in The English and Educational Faculty.
March, 13rd 2010M Salatiga,
---Rabi’ul Awal, 27th 1431 H Board of examiners
t
DEPARTEMEN AGAMA
SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (STAIN)
11. Tentara pelajar 02 Telp(0298) 323706, 323433 Fax 323433 Salatiga Website: WWW. Stainsalatiga.co.id E-mail:
administrasi@stainsalatiga.co.id
D E K L A R A S I
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Dengan penuh kejujuran dan tanggung jawab, penulis menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini tidak berisi materi yang pernah ditulis oleh orang lain atau pernah diterbitkan. Demikian juga skripsi ini tidak berisi satupun pikiran-pikiran orang lain, kecuali informasi yang terdapat dalam referensi yang dijadikan bahan rujukan.
Apabila di kemudian hari ternyata terdapat materi atau pikiran-pikiran orang lain di luar referensi yang peneliti cantumkan, maka peneliti sanggup mempertanggung jawabkan kembali keaslian skripsi ini di hadapan sidang munaqosyah skripsi.
Demikian deklarasi ini dibuat oleh peneliti untuk dapat dimaklumi.
Salatiga, 19 Oktober 2009 Penulis
t
DEPARTEMEN AGAMA
SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (STAIN)
II. Tentara pelajar 02 Telp(0298) 323706,323433 Fax 323433 Salatiga Website: WWW.Stainsalatiga.co.id E-mail:
administrasi@stainsalatiga.co.id Ruwandi, S.Pd, M.A
The Lecturer of Education Faculty State Islamic Studies Institute of Salatiga
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR’S NOTE Salatiga, October 2009
Case: Fajar’s Thesis
Dear
The Head of State Islamic Studies Institute of Salatiga
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
After reading and correcting Wahyu Fajar’s thesis entitled” A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH REGISTER IN SEWING OPERATOR GUIDE BOOK OF APACINTI SEMARANG REGENCY”. I have decided and would like to propose that if it could be accepted by educational faculty. I hope it would be examined as soon as possible.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Consultant
m
MOTTO
lu st try to make yourself and keep on the right track...
Live just like we are walking in the one
DEDICATION
This thesis is whole highly dedicated to:
My beloved mother, mother, and mother... my father. Allah will give you more.
- My brothers and sister, Mas din, Mas Syafak, Mbak yuni, Mbak ida, and mbak nur. Thanks for all your support.
My best and beloved friends and brothers that have colored my live, Bang Topan,Irul blacky, Moek, Me Yameen Brothers, Black curly Azhar, Gophur and his wife, Wahyu, Mudex, den Ali, Jerry.
The big family o f LPPK BINA BANGSA Bringin, Pak Jck and his wife, Topix and his wife, and Antok.
- All my friends in English department. All my friends in STAIN Salatiga.
ABSTRACT
The title of this thesis is A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH REGISTER IN SEWING OPERATOR GUIDE BOOK OF APACINTI SEMARANG REGENCY
This study is mainly aimed at describing the forms of english register in sewing operator guide book of apacinti semarang regency
The writer uses descriptive qualitative method by describing and explaining the data taken from Griya APAC sewing operator guide book. In conducting the study the writer uses documentation method for collecting the data. Firstly he classifies the English register based on the chapter in the book. Then he writes down the vocabulary. Technique of analyzing data in this study is by classifying them in the each form, explaining and finding out the lexical and the contextual meaning o f each vocabulary.
After getting the result, the writer concludes that in the sewing operator guide book, English register occurs in the form of words, phrase, and abbreviation. Every word in the guide book has lexical and contextual meaning.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirobbil a ’lamin because, the writer could complete this thesis as one of the requirements for getting Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) in English Department of educational faculty of State Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) Salatiga in 2009.
However, this success would not be achieved without support, guidance, advice and help from individuals. Therefore, let he say thanks to:
1. DR. Imam Sutomo,M.Ag, the rector of STAIN Salatiga.
2. Ruwandi,S.Pd. M.A, the head of English Education department, Thanks for your suggestion.
3. Hammam, M.Pd, the consultant of this thesis, thanks for his careful guidance, wisdom, kindness, suggestions, and jokes during the completion of this thesis. 4. All my whole lecturers in English Department of STAIN Salatiga, thanks for
your supports, guidance and helps.
5. My beloved mother, mother, and mother and father. No one better than you. 6. My best and beloved friends and brothers that have colored my live, Bang
7. The big family of LPPK BINA BANGSA Bringin, Pak Jek and his wife, Topix and his wife, and Antok.
8. All my friends in English department 9. All my friends in STAIN Salatiga.
Salatiga, 15th October 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE... i
DEKLARASI... ii
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR... iii
MOTTO ... iv
DEDICATION... v
ABSTRACT... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS... viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study... 1
B. Literature review... 3
C. Problem statement ... 4
D. Objective of the Study... 5
E. Benefits of the S tudy... 5
F. Research method ... 5
G. Thesis organization... 7
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Language... 8
1. Definition o f language... 8
2. Functions o f language...9
3. Language variation... 16
B. Register... 18
1 Definition o f register...18
2. Context o f register...20
3. Form o f register... 20
4. Function o f register...23
C. Thinking fram e... 24
CHAPTER III DATA PRESENTATION A. Data in garment manufacture process...25
B. Data in the process o f making material... 26
C. Data in the machine and the u sage... 28
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION A. Data analysis... 32
B. The implication in language teaching...51
CHAPTER V CLOSURE A. C onclusion... 53
... 54
x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study
Language can not be separated from the society. Each society has various characteristics in interaction. Wardaugh states that the study of language in relation to the society is called sociolinguistics.1 An important part of the knowledge that every speaker of the language has to know is how to use that language in different circumstances. Speaker must learn not only the sounds and forms of the language but they also learn how to use the sounds and forms appropriately. They must learn who speak, when, to whom, for what reason, about what thing and in what way.* 2 People tend to speak differently in different social contexts and they are concerned with identifying the social function of language and the ways to convey the social meanings.
There are some linguistic varieties in society, for example dialect, slang, code mixing, register and many others. Those varieties prove that people have different ways to speak depend on the situation, condition, and place. They have to have good choice to take the most suitable language within remember the place, time, and the receiver. Language variation above rise because of the society needs.
'Ronald Wardaugh, 1993, an Introduction to Sociolinguistics, N ew York, Basil Blackwell, P.12.
In Indonesia we learn English as foreign language. Traditionally the aim of linguistics is to describe the rule of English usage that is grammar. However the new studies shifted attention away from defining the formal features of language usage to discovering the ways in which language is actually used in real communication3. It is possible if there were a same word that has different meaning and only certain group of people understood it. It is created a new generation of learners who knew specifically why they were learning English.
Register is specific vocabularies associated with different occupation group. It tends to be associated with particular group of people in a specific situation of use4. The term register here describes the language of groups with common interests or jobs, or the language used in situations associated with such groups.
English reaches many parts of work fields and it has important role for each field. Many work fields use guide books with English, even not pure in English but there many vocabularies in English, for example English in engineering, medical, economic and many more.
In the field o f garment manufacture, it also becomes an important aspect. In train their workers they used a book guide. There are many vocabularies that known well by the members of these groups only. The writer takes the sewing operator training book guide that released by GRIP AC (Griya Apac Inti). It usually used in train the new workers or in give free * 1
3 Tom Hutchinson and Alan Waters, 1987, English fo r specific purposes, Cambridge, ibridge University press, P. 7
1 Janet Holmes, 1992, An introduntion in Sociolinguistic, N ew y o r k : Lomgman, P. 246
training. It contains of general view of garment manufacture and its processes also the tools or machines. It is important for students of English department to study the register in many part of works field. With the study, it will enrich their knowledge of register itself and the garment manufacture register in order to help the vocational school students or the garment workers.
English is international language, it is not strange if it take part in many work fields. Therefore not all people understand, even for whom master in English. To be familiar with the terms, it is important to conduct a research dealing with the investigation or interpretation of them.
After the explanation above, the writer interested and motivated to carry out the research about English register which used in Sewing Operator Training Guide Book, entitled “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH REGISTERS USED IN SEWING OPERATOR GUIDE BOOK”.
B. Literature Review
To make sure that this research has not been done before and to enrich the data about English registers the writer reviews some related research. Below are the related researches:
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF REGUSTER USED IN
COMMERCIAL BANKING in 2003, written by Latifah Suryani. The writer explained that there are three major classifications of register terms; they are technical, banking, and general.
ISSUED BY JAWA POS in March 2007. He analyzes English telecommunication registers in Jawa Pos in March 2007.
Another related research is A STUDY OF REGISTER USED IN ENGLISH JOB VACANCY ADVERTISEMENT in KOMPAS ISSUED in OCTOBER 2004, written by Eva Kusuma Wardani. The writer defined the register analyzing into lexical and textual meaning.
The last research is from Muhammad Agus Wakhid in his thesis entitled A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF REGISTERS USED IN TABLOID OTOMOTIF MEDIO OF JULY 2007. In his research he tried to describe the English registers in OTOMOTIF and explained three kinds of registers, they are word, phrase, and abbreviation.
C. Problems Statement
To specify the topic, the writer proposed the problems as follow: 1. What are the forms of English registers used in Sewing Operator Training
Guide Book?
2. What is the meaning of each register used in Sewing Operator Training Guide Book?
3. What is the implication in language teaching? D. Limitation of The Problem
The writer limits the problems only within English registers that can found in Sewing Operator Training Guide Book.
E. Objectives of The Study
1. To find the forms of English registers used in Sewing Operator Guide book.
2. To find the meaning of each register used in Sewing Operator Guide Book.
3. To find the implication in language teaching. F. Benefit of The Study
1. Academic Benefit
a. To enable to know the registers in Sewing Operator Training Guide Book.
b. To enrich the studies of registers. 2. Practical benefit
a. To give clear description about the meaning of each register, so the readers can use it appropriately.
b. It can be used as reference for those who want to analyze the register. G. Research Method
In this chapter the writer tries to present the methodology of the research. It consists of:
1. Research Approach
In this descriptive study the writer uses qualitative research. Qualitative research is a search which the data in the forms of written or oral word are analyzed descriptively.5 It does not present the data and the result in the form of statistics but it present in the form of description. This
research will present a description about the forms of English register found in “Sewing Operator Training guide Book” and the factors influence them.
2. Object o f the research
The object of this study is English register in form of words, phrases, and clauses that are found in “Sewing Operator Training Guide Book”
3. Data Sources
The writer takes data from the registers used in “Sewing Operator Training Book Guide”
4. Method and Technique of data collection a. Observation
The first step took by the writer is collected the data related to English registers from the guide book and put it into data classification. b. Documentation
Documentation is a method use to get data from some variables like book, letter and magazine.6 After identify the data, the writer write it down and put it into data list.
5. The method and technique of data analysis
To analyze the data, the writer will describe the term of register. The language used in the guide book will be analyzed in the sociolinguistic frame work. It is arranged as follow:
6 Kuntjoroningrat, 1985, Metode Penelitian Masyarakat, Jakarta, Gramedia, P. 64.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter discusses the theory related with register. The theory will be beneficial to frame the data analysis. Those theories cover; Language, the language variation, register that conclude the definition, dimensions. The forms, and the function,
A Language
1. Definition of language
In Oxford Pocket Dictionary, language is system of sound and word that used by human to communicate thoughts and feelings. There are various opinions about language. Linguists have different opinion about the definition.
A language is a system for encoding information. In its most common use, the term refers to so-called "natural languages" — the forms of communication considered peculiar to humankind. In linguistics the term is extended to refer to the human cognitive facility of creating and using language. Essential to both meanings is the systematic creation and usage of systems of symbols—each referring to linguistic concepts with semantic or logical or otherwise expressive meanings.1
The linguist that sees language is a set of elements which can or cannot occur and which or cannot be combined into various appropriate ways. It also defined as forms; sounds, letter, their combinations into large unit such 1
words, sentences and so forth.2 Such a set of forms would also be expected to have meaning, elements, and sequences. By virtue of having meaning, it would naturally be expected to be for communication between individuals who are share in the same rules.3
When discussed more technically as a general phenomenon then, language always implies a particular type of human thought which can be present even when communication is not the result, and this way of thinking is also sometimes treated as indistinguishable from language itself.
2. Functions of language
In this world, every society or country has their own language. Even different, basically have the same functions. These following are the functions of language,
a. A means of communication
The first function of language is a means of communication.4 It has important role in verbal communication, there are two type of communication; verbal and non verbal communication. In this case we can call the function of language as a communicative function. There also terms called intentional and unintentional communications, and linguistic and non linguistic communication.5
2 Roger T. Bell, 1981. Introduction to Applied Linguistic, United Kingdom: billing & son ltd, Page. 19.
3 Ibid.
4 S. pit Corder, Introducing Applied Linguistic, United Kingdom : Hazell Watson & Vineey Ltf, 1973, page. 32.
5 Wisnu ,Wardani, Research Paper, 2007. page. 14.
The way of walking, the mimic, and the quality of voice may be include in intentional or unintentional communications. It depends on the sender’s head. If he states in his mind to give information through the way of walking, for example; he does an intentional communication. Meanwhile, if he does not state in his mind to give information, he does intentional communication. Linguistic communication can be done through large range of vocal signals, visual channel, and through writing, it means, the sender has intention and the learner well understands the message which the sender sends.
b. Speech act
The second function is speech act. Speech act means that language is used to a certain intention. There are five categories of speech act.6 The first is acts which give finding as to something; a fact or value, such as; constituted judgment on some state of affairs, estimation, reckonings and appraisals. The second constitutes acts exercising some power, influence or right, such as appointing, voting, ordering, advising or warning. Next is acts committed the speaker to some course of action like; promising, undertaking, and announcing intentions or declarations of belief or faith. The fourth acts to do with essentially social behavior; apologizing, congratulation, condoling, or challenging. The last is involved taking a stance with respect to something; argument, reply, concession, assumption or supposition.
c. Speech function
This function relates to speech situation. There must be at least two participants, for example, I and you, a speaker and hearer, or sender and receiver7. There are several classes o f speech function; 1) Personal
This function is based on the speaker sides. Through this function the speaker reveals his attitude toward what he is speaking about and eventually reveals something of his personality to his hearer. It is not get that he expresses his emotion through language, but his emotion at what he is talking about.
2) Directive
This function is oriented towards the hearer. It is function of controlling the behavior of a participant, not only to get to do something, act or speak, but to behave in general according to speaker’s liking.
3) Phatic
4) Referencial
This function is topic, which looms largest I mos people’s mind.9 It typically realized by the prepositional element in the utterance. This function gave rise to traditional nation that language was for the communication of thought, for making statements about how the speaker perceives the way things in the world are.
5) Meta linguistic
This function is seen the code used.10 11 This is the function of definitions. A definition is a statement of a rule in the language game which the speaker invites the hearer to accept so the conversation may proceed. It is also called as language about language, and is the principal one in learning and teaching
6) Imaginative
It focuses on the message.11 In this case, language is used to express what may be mundane, a matter of fact, thing or pure non sense. Language may be manipulated for its own sake, or the pleasure it gives to speaker and hearer.
Due to their diversity the functions of language might be divided into two categories: micro functions which refer to specific individual uses, and macro functions which serve more overall aims.12
9 opcit. page 45 10 opcit. page 46 11 opcit. page 46
a. MICRO FUNCTIONS: 1) Physiological function
Although it might be striking this use of language is fairly common. It is easily recognizable when devoted fans of sports are observed while watching their favorite discipline on TV. Such fans often shout instructions, express support, or disappointment and while as a means of communicating with sportsmen they are useless, such cheers are to release repressed energy. Similarly curse words are used to serve this purpose, as they rarely convey any meaning and are only to make the speaker feel better.
2) Phatic function (for sociability)
The use of such phrases as ‘nice day today’, or ‘how do you do’ is characterized by lack of any informative content and is intended to link people and make the coexistence peaceful and pleasant. The phatic use of language is characteristic mainly of speech, however, in certain types of writing it can also be noticed, as in letters for example, where the beginning Dear Sir/Madam and ending Yours faithfully also serve that purpose.
3) Recording function
Recording function denotes using language to make a durable record of things that ought to be remembered. Owing to its omnipresence writing is probably the most significant function of language. There is evidence that the first writing system was
developed in the Middle East as early as 4000 BC. At the beginning writing systems took forms of pictures representing the things they referred to, gradually developing into the alphabets in their present forms.
4) Identifying function
Language is used also to identify the objects and events in the world we live in. Without this function language would be almost useless, as it is thanks to the names of things that we know what is talked about. Many primitive societies unable to write believe that names hold great power. Even in western culture names are thought to be immensely important: the God’s name ought not to be used in vain, before giving a name to a newborn child parents consider the choice deeply. We use names to classify different types of things, whether we call a car anautomobile, a lorry, a van or a truck makes a big difference.
5) Reasoning function (instrument of thought)
Before we say something we think and to do that we necessarily use language. In most cases it is extremely difficult to think about anything without any use of words. In fact is it also difficult not to think for a longer period of time as human brains work all the time processing information, thus providing us with concepts formulated by means of language.
This function would probably be pointed at by most language users without major consideration. Indeed it is in all likelihood most commonly used language function by majority of speakers. Requesting, apologizing, informing, ordering as well as promising and refixsing are all reasons for communicating our ideas.
7) Pleasure functions
The fact that language often gives pleasure both to the speakers and listeners is not only supported by the frequent use of assonance, alliteration and onomatopoeia in poetry. Depending on the sounds of languages some are perceived as being mild as English for example, others crude as German. People also derive pleasure from unusual use of syntactic rules, as well as novelties of meanings juxtapositions and language games, which is often used by skilful writers,
b. MACRO FUNCTIONS: 1) Ideational ftmction
Ideational function refers to the conceptualizing process involved in our mental activities.
2) Interpersonal function
Interpersonal function emphasizes that language is mainly a social phenomenon, but apart from enabling communication with other people it enables to project the speaker in the desired way and to represent the speaker.
3) Poetic function
Here, the word poetic does not refer to the ability to write poetry, but the ability to manipulate language in a creative way. With the use of jokes and metaphors we can play with words and meanings simply for joy
4) Textual function
Textual competence refers to our ability to create long utterances or pieces of writing which are both cohesive and coherent. Unlike animals people, by use of certain linguistic devices, are able to produce long sentences and text, and not only simple phrases.
The above mentioned functions are only one point of view on language. Most certainly there are many other functions that natural languages fulfill, yet depending on approach to this issue the number of functions and their names might vary
3. Language Variation
Language is a symbol of society, it expressed by the members of society or communities in their speech. Each language exists in a number of varieties. Languages provide a variety of ways of saying the same thing: addressing and greeting other, describing things, paying compliments.13 Ferguson said:
“Any body of human speech patterns which is sufficiently homogenous to be analyzed by available patterns techniques of synchronic description and which has a sufficiently large repertory of elements and their arrangements or
process with broad enough semantic scope to function in all formal contexts of communication.”14
Language varieties are defined in two types based on the user of the language and the use of the language.15 There are some terms of varieties relate to the first type; dialect, idiolect, sociolect, and ethnolect. Dialect is a regional variety; it means the variety is spoken by geographically speech community. Idiolect is defined as variety particular to certain person, while sociolect is varieties spoken by social defined speech communities and ethnolect spoken by an ethnic group. Then, the term of Register conclude in the second type. They have to have good choice to take the most suitable language within remember the place, time, and the receiver. Language variation above rise because of the society needs William O’brady and Michael state that there are three types or divisions of language variety,16 as follows:
a. Social language variety
The first division of language variety is social language varieties first division of language variety is social language variety which is also called social dialect or sociodialect. Sosiolect is again, sub divided into several smaller categories, largely as function of the type of social group that shares the particular speech variety. Sosiolect is related to terms of socioeconomic status of the speaker. It may be associated with ethnic, sex, occupational, or age groups.
14 Wardaugh, 1993, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, N ew York, Basil Blackwell page. 22. 15 Tou Barori Asrudin da Ramlan M, 1992,, Bahasa, Konteks Da Teks: Aspek-Aspek Bahasa Dalam Pandangan Semiotic Social, Gajah Mada press,Jogjakarta, page. 56.
16 William O’brady and Michael D,1989., Contemporary Linguistic an Introduction, New York: St. Marti Press, page 327
b. Regional language variety
The second division is regional; language variety or regional dialects. This division is associated with the linguistic traits shared by social groups in a single geographical area. In the other words, this is the variety spoken by any single speaker,
c. Functional language variety
The last division is functional language variety or register. This variety is associated with speech situation. It covers, who is being spoken to, the subject of the conversation, who else be listening, and so on.
The three are the division of language variety. In certain community, there is a single speech variation called standard, which is perceived by the members of community to be higher in status or get better than the other. B Register
1. Definition o f register
The term register took a root from Wenenger’s bid to analyzed language along field o f content distinguished by general subject matter, participants’ interest etc.17
Halliday said that register usually related with certain social context. It reflects other aspect of social communities or the process in the community.18 He defines register in two terms, closed register and open register. Closed register used in military, this language usually used to communication in war and it so limited. The opened register gives individual more chance to use their creativity, they use it in their own community for
example in transportation, in trading , in economy, etc. even register used in technique books guide and the other document. In linguistics register can be defined as a sub set of a language used for a particular purpose or particular social setting.
Register is specific vocabularies associated with different occupation group. It tends to be associated with particular group of people in a specific situation of use19. The term register here describes the language of groups with common interests or jobs, or the language used in situations associated with such groups. For example language in journalism, military, trading, economy, etc. from those examples, it is obvious that register deals with occupational, social group and it is usually has certain purpose. Pateda Mansoer citing Wilkins (1972) and Bollinger (1975) says that register is a language usage related to individual occupation.20 It also defined as a specialized vocabulary common for particularly trade, occupation, topic, or activity.21
2. Context of register
A register is constituted by the linguistic features which are typically associated with a configuration of situational features such as particular values of the field, mode and tenor22. Since the meaning configuration in register is determined by situational context which has linguistic consequences, a framework of register analysis should permit complete situational and linguistic characterizations.
19 Janet Holmes, 1992, An introduntion in Sociolinguistic, New yo rk : Lomgman, Page. 246 20 Pateda mansoer, 1987, sosiolinguistic, angkasa, bandung,, page. 64.
21 Andrew R, Martin A, David B, Harald C and Andrew S, 1999, Linguistics: An Introduction,
Cambridge University: UK, page 256 22 Opcit, page 16
Field refers to “what is happening. To the nature of the social action that is taking place,” mode focuses “what is that the participants of transaction are expecting language to do for them in that situation, a tenor has to do with “who are taking part in the transaction as well as the nature of the participants, their status and roles.”23
3. Forms of register
There are several form of register as follow; a. Word
Word is a symbol that a human being uses to deliver his idea about something.24 When we speak vocabulary, it means that we speak of the choice of word. Word can be formed by some ways. They are blend, coinages, clipped form, acronym, abbreviation.
1) Blending
Blending is the fusion of two words into one word with the last part of another, so that the result consists of both original meaning. For examples;
a) Smog —► smoke + fog b) Motel —► motorist + hotel 2) Coinages
Coinages are pure creation of writers, inventors, scientist and others who are in need a term to express or give meaning or name to item or product. For examples;
a) Honda, it refers to motorcycle
23 Ibid., page 16
24 Gorrel, 1967, Modern English Handbook, new jersey; prentice h a ll,, p. 371
b) Kodak, it refers to camera 3) Clipped form
Clipping is a process in which a word is formed by shortening a longer one. Clipping occur when the longer words have very common use and shorter from result because it is simpler and has easily understood. For examples;
a) Influenza becomes flu b) Dormitory becomes dorm.
4) Acronym
Acronym is the result of the meaning of forming a word from the first letters of each word in phrase. For examples;
a) Radar —► Radio detecting and ranging
b) Laser —> light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 5) Abbreviation
One of the forms of words is abbreviation; abbreviation is process of word from another redaction that is use of initialization. For examples;
a) MPV (Multi Purpose Vehicle) b) MVP ( Most Valuable Player)
b. Phrase
Hornby states that phrase is a group of words (often without finite verbs) point part of sentence.25There is several classification of phrase as follow;
1) Noun phrase
According to frank, noun phrase is a group of related words containing a noun and modifier adjective, noun determiner or simply determiner which usually used noun phrase.26
NP —* N —*• cloth
NP —► N + Det —*■ my cloth NP —» N + adj —> new cloth 2) Verb phrase
Verb phrase is a group of related word containing one or more verb and their modifier and complement. In other word it can be formed by the main or one or more auxiliary plus verb.
V P -^ V —»do
VP —> aux + verb —*■ will do 3) Adjective phrase
The formula of adjective phrase is as follows; Adj P —► adj —*• sunny
Adj P —► adj + adv —» unusually sunny Adj P —» adj + adj —*• very tired
25 Hornby, 1986. A.s, Oxford Advance Learner 's Dictionary o f Current English, Oxford University press, Page. 697.
6 Frank, M. 1972., M odem English: A Practical Reference Guide. London : Prentice Hall, Inc.. Page.
4. Function of register
The function of register is to make the communication easier between the member of certain group or society. Register rises in order to persuade people to watch or to follow the effective communication.27 There are some classifications of the function of register. 28
a. Intimate(Intimate is used in family atmosphere)
b. Casual (It is used to omit misunderstanding in communication).
c. Deliberative or formal (It used by the speaker to broader the conversation) d. Oratorical or frozen (It is used by professional speaker to attract the
listener)
e. Consultative (It is usually used to make an agreement. It occurred in trade transaction and typically Dialogues.)
C. Thinking Frames
Today, English is not only used by the student in educational institution but it also used in many part of human life. Each part of community has their own purpose in using English. Sewing training in garment manufacture has their own characteristic in using English. There are many special or uncommon vocabularies used. For example the term in garment process until the part of its machine. Many workers in this factory face difficulties to understand it, like in the guide book for sewing training which used many registers.
27 Abdul latif, 2004, Describtive Study OF Register Used In Literary O f Islamic Mysticism, paper research, p. 8
28. Opcit., page. 65.
In senior high school, they study English in general; it is different with the vocational school. They study English more specific. Moreover in fashion department student, the English teaching learning process rare included the terms that used in sewing, The teaching learning process almost same with the other department.
CHAPTER III DATA PRESENTATION
In this chapter the writer going to present the data found in the sewing operator training guide book.
To make easier in analyzing writer classified the form of register based on the chapter of the book, there are five main chapter, and it can be simplified as follow; The first is about the garment manufacture process and base knowledge in garment, then about textile that conclude the material and the process in making the main material in garment. Third is about the machine used in garment manufacture, its part and the usage and the terms in sewing cloth
A. Data in garment manufacture process
In this part the writer finds out 22 terms consist of 16 words, 1 abbreviation, and 5 phrases, as follows;
1. Word
a. Merchandise b. Marketing c. Designer d. Advertising e. Repair f. Approved g. Finishing h. Cutting
i. Marker
j. Spreading k. Bundling l. Numbering m. Trimming n. Ironing o. Packing p. Style 2. Abbreviation
-QC 3. Phrase
a. Making pattern b. Making sample c. Top sample d. Blade cutter e. Die cuter
B. Data in the process in making material
In this part the writer finds out 37 terms consists of 22 words, 2 abbreviations, and 13 phrases, as follows;
1. Word a. Fibre b. Raw
c. Yam
d. Twist
e. Blowing
f. Combing
g. Carding
h. Drawing
i. Roving
j. Winding
k. Chips
l. Fabric
m. Rewinding
n. Warping
o. Sizing
p. Leasing
q. Tying
r. Loom
s. Heavy medium
t. Light
u. Dyeing
v. Printing
2. Abbreviation
a. TPM b. TPI 3. Phrase
a. Natural fibre b. Man made fibre c. Staple fibre d. Filament fibre e. Raw material f. Ring spinning g- Fine count h. Coarse count i. Direct system j- Indirect system k. Woven fabric
1. Knitted fabric
m. Felted fabric
C. Data in the machine and the usage
In this part the writer finds out 54 terms consist o f 19 words, 0 abbreviations, and 35 phrases, as follows;
1. Word a. Tension
b. Motor c. Stand d. Foot e. Cones f. Spindle g. Belt h. Bench i. Handle j. Finish
k. Spool l. Bobbin m. Latch n. Stitch o. Pulley p. Interlining q. Fuse r. Heming
s. Zipper 2. Abbreviation 3. Phrase
a. High speed b. Low speed
c. Bar track d. Machine bed e. Slide plate
f. Throat plate
g- Presser foot h. Presser bar i. Single needle j- Double needle
k. Needle bar
1. Bobbin case m. Balance wheel n. Presser bar screw
0. Thread guides
P- Knee press
q- Cloth plate
r. Upper blade s. Bottom blade t. Presser foot lever u. Pressure]foot lever V. Face plate cover w. Oil cap
X. Oil gauge
CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is discussed the result of research on English register. The writer presents it after observing the forms of language used by “Sewing Operator Training Guide Book”. It is necessary to answer the problem statements presented in the previous. After observing the data of English register found in "Sewing Operator Training Guide Book", the writer then analyze to find out the result of the research.
The data have classified and analyzed in words and group of words as follows;
A. Data analysis
1. Data in garment manufacture process
No Register page form Lexical meaning Contextual meaning
1 Merchandise 4/10 word Goods bought and sold
How to count all of the planning production cost due to reduce the production cost then the company gets profit
2 Repair 5/10 word Put back into good
condition
A part of the garment process to
condition garment process to check the goods that had made
A person that makes mark
A process to make a pattern of clothes appropriate with the need when cutting the clothes
5 Spreading
.6/10 word
(a substance) on surface
The part to spread the clothes one by one in a pile, appropriate with the number that has given
6 Bundling
6/10
word
Number o f things fastened or wrapped together
This term used when we give a symbol in the pattern o f the marker those have cut
7 Trimming 7/10
word
Tidy and neat it added by -ing that means make neat by cutting
A process to check the sewn item and cutting the yam that unused
8 -QC 7/10 abbreviation
Quality means the standard o f something when compared to other things like it. Control means the power to direct, order or manage.
The practice of checking the quality o f the garment product by testing sample
0 Top sample 5/10 phrase
Top can be defined as to be the first position. While sample is one number o f things or one part o f whole that can be examined in order to see what the rest is like
Top sample can be defined as the first cloth that has finished and ready to be examined or test to measure the other. In garment manufacture, making the top sample at least four pieces
10
Making sample
5/10 phrase
Make can be defined constructing or create. While sample is one number of things or one part o f whole that can be examined in order to see what the
In the garment manufacture context, making sample is the continuous process after making top sample. After the
rest is like top sample has
done, the next step
is making the
sample appropriate
with the top
sample. Then it
will check and if it
approved, the
sample will be
produced
2. Data in the process in making material
No Register page form
Lexical
3 TPM 5/14 abbreviation
Stands for
4 TPI 5/14 abbreviation
many twist in exist or caused by Nature and fibre means thin thread in animals or
6 Staple fibre . 4/14 phrase
Staple means main article or product, and fibre means thin thread in animal or length o f fibre
7 Filament fibre . 4/14 phrase
fibre means
thin thread in
animal or
vegetables
8
Fine count
8/14
phrase
9
Coarse count
8/14
called hard or coarse yam
10 Direct system 8/14 phrase
Direct can be defined going straight to the point. While
11 Indirect system 5/14 phrase
examined in
order to see
what the rest is
4. Data in the machine and the usage
No Register page form
Lexical
Small roller to holding thread
2 Belt 7/39 word
3 Cones 12/39 word
A solid figure slopes up to a point from a circular flat base
In relation of sewing term, cone is related with yam. In sewing yam is roll in a place, and the result o f the rolled is called cone
4 foot 6/39 word
6 high speed 3/39 phrase relation to its engine speed.
7 low speed/manual 7/39 phrase
line or series o f
9 Machine bed .3/39 phrase
Machine
10 Slide plate .3/39 phrase
Slide can be plate is a flat
round disc made usually o f clay
the needle
11 Throat plate 3/39 phrase
Throat defined access for the needle and to move the cloth while sewn
12 Presser foot 3/39 phrase
Presser derived the lowest part o f the leg or
The part o f sewing machine that functioned to press the cloth to the bed along sewing process.
measure o f length
13 Presser bar 3/39 phrase
Press defined
14 Single needle 20/39 phrase
15 Double needle
16 Needle bar 6/39 phrase
17 Balance wheel 3/39 phrase
Balance means the condition that exist when two opposites
18 Thread guides 4/39 phrase
19 Knee press 5/39 phrase
20 Cloth plate 8/39 phrase
length. Lifter derived from lift, it means to raise something to highest part of something
A. The implication in English teaching
This guide book released by APAC INTI corp. it is usually given to the vocational school students, especially fashion students department. In vocational school, sewing becomes one of favorite program and it usually called fashion program. The English program is different from senior high school. In vocational school English taught appropriate with job or the English teaching has certain purpose. Even it different from senior high school, but the material is not too specific. For fashion program it will has same material in English
It also important for English department student, there are many works field that have various register, and sewing is the one that has many register and it usually used in non formal education that get the job to train the garment workers. This thesis can help the student to enrich the vocabulary especially register in sewing training. Moreover, for the garment workers, when they get the training they have to know more about the register. It will make them easier to practice and understand the garment world.
CHAPTER V CLOSURE
A. CONCLUSION
After analyzing the data, the writer concludes that English register may occur in every way. Certain community or field may use their own language, and it is known by the members of the group. In the society, it can happen in spoken and also written language. For the reason the writer also interest in analyzing the English register in sewing operator guide book composed by APACINTI Semarang regency.
Based on the analysis focused on the forms of English register and the meaning of each form, the writer concludes as follows;
part the writer finds out 54 terms consist of 19 words, 0 abbreviation, and 35 phrases.
b. Based on the data analysis, the form of register has several meaning. They are lexical and contextual meaning.
1. All of the registers have a lexical meaning.
2. All the registers have contextual meaning. In this case they have contextual meaning that relates to sewing and garment manufacture term.
3. The meaning of the registers in the part of sewing machine always relates with the function of the parts.
c. The English register in sewing operator guide book is related with the English teaching, especially in vocational school. It deals with the English for Specific Purpose (ESP).
B. SUGGESTION
After finishing the research, the writer has some suggestions that hopefully meaningful for the readers and also for the writer himself. Based on the conclusion above, the writer proposes the suggestions as follows;
1. For the readers; they would not be confused if they often read and comprehend some sewing or garment manufacture registers, or if they listen a person talking about the terms of sewing or garment, they will understand and know the meaning of such terms being talked about. Further, the readers could improve their knowledge
about other vocabulary that appears in society especially vocabularies used in garment manufacture or sewing.
2. For the researchers; they could conduct new research or study about register in sewing or garment manufacture which is viewed from other perspective like psycholinguistic, sociosemantics, or may be from cultural perspective.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Akin Odenbumi, Meaning Expression o f Some English Registers. www,education.utas.edus.
Andrew R, Martin A, David B, Harald C and Andrew S, Linguistics: An Introduction, Cambridge University: UK, 1999.
Asrudin Tou Barori dan Ramlan M, Bahasa,Konteks dan Teks: Aspek-Aspek Bahasa dala Pandangan Semiotic Social, Gajah Mada press,Jogjakarta,
1992.
Frank, M. Modern English : A Practical Reference Guide. London: prentice hall, inc. 1972
Gorrel, Modem English Handbook, New Jersey; Prentice hall, 1967. Holmes Janet, 1992, An Introduction in Sociolinguistic, New York: Longman
Hornby, A.S Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary o f Current English, Oxford University Press, 1986.
Hutchinson Tom and Waters Alan, 1987, English fo r specific purposes, Cambridge, Cambridge University press.
Kuntjoroningrat, 1985, Metode Penelitian Masyarakat, Jakarta, Gramedia Latif Abdul, Descriptive Study O f Register Used In Literary o f Islamic Mysticism, paper research,2004.
O’brady William and D Michael, Contemporary Linguistic an Introduction, New york: St. Marti Press, 1989.
Pateda mansoer, Sosiolinguistic, Angkasa, Bandung, 1987
S Corder. pit, Introducing Applied Linguistic, United Kingdom : Hazell Watson & Vineey Ltf, 1973.
Sewing Operator Guide Book,Griya Pelatihan Apac,Semarang
T. Bell Roger, An introduction to applied Linguistic, united kingdom: billing & son ltd, 1981
Wardaugh Ronald, 1993, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, New York, Basil Blackwell
Wardaugh Ronald, 1976, The Context o f Language, Massachusetts, Newbury House Published Inc.
CURRICULUM VITAE
Nama
Tempat, Tanggal lahir Jenis kelamin Status
: Wahyu Eajar
: Temanggung, 27 oktober 1985 : Laki-laki
: Belum menikah : Islam
: Desa Dangkel, RT 01 RW 01 , Parakan, Temanggung
:085641646011 Agama
Alamat Rumah
No. Telp
Pendidikan
- SD N Dangkel lulus tahun 1998. - SMPN 1 Parakan lulus tahun 2001 - SMAN 1 Parakan lulus tahun 2004
Pengalaman
Staff pengajar LPPK BINA BANGSA Bringin, Kab. Semarang - Anggota Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia cabang Salatiga
Saya yang bersangkutan
Garment manufacture, adalah sistem manufaktur atau sistem^ produksi masai
terhadap produk garmen, atau pakaian. Sedangkan teknologi garmen adalah jjmu
yang mempelajari tenjangj^knologl-ata u teknik-tekniiLdalarruproses pembuatan
pakaian.
Bangsa Indonesia telah mulai menerapkan garment manufacturing system sejak
pertengahan tahun 70-an terutama untuk produk pakaian olah raga (sport wear)
dan pakaian dalam (under wear).
A. PERBEDAAN GARMEN DENGAN TAILOR
i. Garmen
Tailor/penjahit
a. Jumlah pekerja banyak
b. Produksi masa!
c. Pembuatan sesuai standar
Jumlah pekerja sedikit
Produksi 1-2 baju/hari
Sesuai pesanan
Mesin low speed (kecepatan mesin
rendah)
Biaya produksi tihggi
One xnan_shcmL(selnua proses
dilakukan sendiri/Satu individu)
Produktivitas rendah
Tumpukan 4 lembar
»
d. Mesin high speed (kecepatan
mesin tinggi)
e. Biaya produksi rendah
f. Organized (terorganisir)
g. Produktivitas tinggi
h. Tumpukan kain saat
pemotongan tinggi
i. Alat pemotong: blade cutter
j. Tempat jauh dari konsumen
Alat pemotong: gunting
Tempat dekat konsiirhen
2. Garment industry
Konfeksi
a. Jumlah mesin >100 unit
Jumlah mesin <100 unit
b. Mesin dan peralatan otomatis
Mesin dan peralatan serniotomatis
c. Toleransi standar sangat
Toleransi standar relatif longgar
kecil/ketat
B. BEBERAPA TUGAS DI GARMEN
a. Merchandise : menghitung seluruh biaya saat perencanaan produksi dengari
tujuan agar biaya produksi rendah sehingga perusahaah
untung.
b. ^Marketing : pemasaran hasil produksi
c. Bentuk organisasi tergantung dari: %
• Jumlah mesin
setiap unit mesin mampu memproduksi rata-rata i-5
potong kemeja/shift kerja
• Kapasitas produksi
• Jenis produksi
d. Bagian perancangan/designer
• Menggambar
• Melihat trend mode
• Mewujudkan rancangan menjadi pakaian
e. Advertising -> untuk memperkenalkan dan mempengdhJhi calon pembeli
terhadap hasil produksi dengan cara fashion show dan promosi dalam
bentuk lain.
T
NOT
APPROVED
REPAIR
APPROVED
Semua proses di atas dapat dijelaskan secara detail sebagai berikut:
1. Pattern making process adalah membuat rencana/rancangan bentuk pakaian
sesuai dengan style yang diinginkan.
2. Making sample adalah proses pembuatan garmen sesuai dengan pola
style/desain tertentu dan ukuran/work sheet dalam pembuatan top sample
minimal 4 pieces per size, dan hasil sample tersebut dicek oleh merchandiser
dan buyer. Sample yang telah disetujui/approved langsung diproduksi secara
masai, tetapi kalau tidak disetujui harus membuat sample lagi sampai
disetujui/approved.
3. Cutting adalah proses pemotongan kain, yang meliputi:
a. Marker
b. Spreading
c. Bundling
d. Numbering
proses menyusun pola sesuai dengan kebutuhannya
proses penggelaran kain lembar demi lembar menjadi
tumpukan kain, sesuai dengan jumlah yang sudah
ditentukan.
proses pemberian tanda pada komponen-komponen pola
marker yang sudah dipotong.
Contoh bundling:
proses pemberian nomor pada bagian
komponen-komponen pola sesuai dengan urutannya saat
penggelaran kain lembar demi lembar menjadi tumpukan
banyak, misal 125 lembar setiap tumpukan. Berarti pola
kemeja body depan kiri sebanyak 125 lembar, maka
harus diberi nomor dari lembar 1 s.d. 125. Ini dilakukan
pada setiap komponen.
Numbering berfungsi untuk menghindari terjadinya warna
yang berbeda/belang pada satu set potong garmen.
Contoh komponen hasil potong kemeja lengan pendek terdiri dari:
1) Body depan kanan dan kiri
2) Body belakang
3) Lengan kiri dan kanan
4) Kantong
5) Daun kerah dan kaki kerah
8
Face plate (penutup '
depan)
• Pelat pelindung bagian mesin yang bergerak
di .bagian dalam
V:9
Take-up lever
• Pelatuk yang bergerak untuk menyuapkan
benang atas selama pembentukan jahitan
10 Presser bar screw
• Baut penyetel tekanan presser foot
11 Thread guides
(pengantar)
• Pengantar benang
12
r
wheel (roda streng)
Balance wheel/ hand
• Menggerakkan mesin yang diputar oleh belt
13 Stitch length regulator
• Pengatur jarak setik (stitch)
14 Reverse stitch lever
(stik balik)
• Batang yang digunakan untuk membentuk
jahitan kunci (bartack)
15 Lengan mesin
OBagian kepala di atas bench: houses
mountings, points for moving parts
B. BAGIAN-BAGIAN DARI BENCH MESIN JAHIT HIGH SPEED
No Nama Bagian
Fungsi
1
Penyangga benang
• Menyangga gulungan benang (cones).
2
Penggulung bobin (bobin) • Mengisi bobbin secara otomatis.
3
Tombol on/off
• Menghidupkan atau mematikan mesin.
4
Motor
• Penggerak mesin.
5'
Knee press (lifter)
• Menaikkan/mengangkat presser foot.
cep«|-v
6
Stand
* Menaikkan ketinggian mesin/kak-i meja.
7
Pedal
• Mengontrol gerakan berhenti/mulai, dan
kecepatan.
8
Table top
• Bagian atas meja untuk tempat mesin dan
kain yang akan dijahit.
9
Laci
• Tempat
penyimpanan
jarum
dan
perlengkapan.
C. BAGIAN-BAGIAN MESIN JAHIT MANUAL
