AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS COMPOSED BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS
OF SMA NEGERI 1 SUKOHARJO IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
THESIS SARI SARASWATI
NIM K2213066
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
v ABSTRACT
Sari Saraswati. K2213066, “AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS COMPOSED BY THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 SUKOHARJO IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017”. A Thesis. Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, 2017.
The aims of this study are to answer the problem statements which are formulated as: (1) to find the types of errors made by the students in writing descriptive text; (2) to describe the factors influencing the students’ error in writing descriptive text.
The method of this research is descriptive qualitative. This research was carried out at SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo. It was conducted in May. The sample of this research is 35 students of class XI IPS 2 of SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo. The sampling technique applied in this research is purposive sampling. The instrument is in the form of test booklets to make descriptive texts. To analyze the students’ error, the researcher followed some steps which are identifying the errors, describing the errors, explaining the errors, and evaluating the errors. The researcher used surface strategy taxonomy to sort the type of errors yielded by the students from their descriptive text compositions.
The result of this research showed that for the surface strategy taxonomy, total errors of each kind of errors were 73 errors or 29.68% in omission errors, 31 errors or 12.60% in addition errors, 129 errors or 52.44% in misformation errors, and 13 errors or 5.28% in misordering errors. For the four types of errors, misformation errors were the highest number of errors with 129 errors or 52.44%.
There are four causes of errors, namely: errors caused by overgeneralization, errors caused by incomplete application of rules, errors caused by false concepts hypothesized, and errors caused by ignorance of rule restriction.
The results of this research are beneficial to the process of teaching and learning. This research can be used by the teacher to measure the students’ understanding in accepting English language learning especially on the use of auxiliary, adjective, and noun in descriptive text.
vi ABSTRAK
Sari Saraswati. K2213066, “ANALISIS KESALAHAN PADA TEKS DESKRIPTIF SISWA KELAS SEBELAS SMA NEGERI 1 SUKOHARJO TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017”. Skripsi. Surakarta: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 2017.
Tujuan dari pembelajaran ini adalah: (1) mengetahui jenis-jenis kesalahan pada teks deskriptif yang ditulis oleh siswa; (2) mendeksripsikan faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kesalahan siswa dalam menulis teks deskriptif.
Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo pada bulan Mei. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 35 siswa kelas XI IPS 2 di SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes membuat teks deskriptif. Untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa, penulis mengikuti beberapa langkah yang meliputi identifikasi kesalahan, pendeskripsian kesalahan, penjelasan kesalahan, dan mengevaluasi kesalahan. Peneliti menggunakan surface strategy taxonomy untuk memilih tipe-tipe kesalahan dari karangan deskriptif siswa.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada surface strategy taxonomy, jumlah kesalahan setiap jenis kesalahan adalah 73 kesalahan 73 errors or 29,68% in omission errors, 31 errors or 12,60% in addition errors, 129 errors or 52,44% in misformation errors, and 13 errors or 5,28% in misordering errors. For the four types of errors, misformation errors were the highest number of errors with 129 errors or 52,44%.
Ada empat penyebab kesalahan, yaitu: kesalahan yang disebabkan oleh overgeneralization, kesalahan yang disebabkan oleh incomplete application of rules, kesalahan yang disebabkan oleh false concepts hypothesized, dan kesalahan yang disebabkan oeh ignorance of rule restriction.
Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat terhadap proses belajar mengajar. Penelitian ini dapat berguna bagi guru untuk mengukur pemahaman siswa pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris terutama dalam penggunaan auxiliary, adjective, dan noun pada teks deskriptif.
vii MOTTO
➢ A goal without any plan is only a wish
➢ Do the best and pray. God will take care of the rest ➢ Don’t put until tomorrow what you can do today ➢ Patience is needed when you want achieve a success
➢ When you have never made a mistake, it means you have not tried
viii
DEDICATION
This thesis is whole-heartedly dedicated to:
1. My beloved parents, Alm. Mr.
Suyetno and Mrs. Sumiyem
2. My big family who has always
supported and cares
3. My beloved friend Yusuf Ardiansyah
4. All of my friends in English
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and Thank to God the Almighty for His blessing for me so that I
can accomplish to write this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the Undergraduate Degree of Education in English. And also may peace be
upon our prophet, Muhammad SAW, who has guided us into the right ways of
life.
I realize that I cannot complete this thesis without other’s help. Many people have helped me during the writing of the thesis, and it would be
impossible to mention all of them. I wish, however, to give sincerest gratitude
and appreciation to the following:
1. The Dean of Teaching Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret
University for giving me permission to write this thesis.
2. The Head of Language and Art Education Program of Teacher Training
and Education Faculty.
3. The Head of English Education Program of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty.
4. Drs. Martono, M.A., the first consultant for his patience in providing
careful guidance, giving advice and time from the beginning up to the
completion of writing this thesis.
5. Dewi Cahyaningrum, S.Pd. M.Pd., the second consultant for her guidance,
advice, and motivation in writing this thesis.
6. Sri Soewarsih, S.Pd., M.Pd, the Head of SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo, for her
permission to conduct the research at the school.
7. Drs. H. Sarno, the English teacher of SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo, for being
helpful collaborative teacher during the research.
8. The students of XI IPS 2 in the academic year 2016/2017 and the family of
SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo for their participation during the research.
9. My beloved mother Mrs. Sumiyem for her support, everlasting love, and
x
10.My big family, who has always supported and cares.
11.Yusuf Ardiansyah, who has supported me and believed that I could do it.
12.Mohammad Andri Widyatama for who has always helped and supported.
13.Amalia Nur Hidayah, who accompany me in conducted the research.
14.Yulia Nur Chasanah, who has always helped me in doing the thesis.
15.All of friends in English Education Department.
16.All lecturers of English Department of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty for guidance and knowledge transferred to the writer.
17.Everyone who helped me to conduct the research and to write this thesis.
I hope that this thesis can give contribution and be useful for further research.
I realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. I accept gratefully every
comment and suggestion from those who concern.
Surakarta, August 2017
The writer
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
THE TITLE PAGE ... i
PRONOUNCEMENT ... ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ... iii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS ... iv
ABSTRACT…….. ... v
MOTTO………….. ... vii
DEDICATION………….. ... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………….. ... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS………….. ... xi
LIST OF TABLES………….. ... xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES………….. ... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1
A.Background of the Study ... 1
B.Problems Statement ... 3
C.Objectives of the Study ... 3
D.Benefits of the Study ... 3
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ... 4
A. Error Analysis ... 4
1. The Definition of Error Analysis ... 4
2. Differences between Mistakes and Errors ... 4
a. Definition of Mistakes ... 4
b. Definition of Errors ... 5
3. Classification of Errors... ... 5
4. The Types of Errors ... 6
5. The Sources of Errors ... 9
6. The Causes of Errors ... 11
7. The Procedures of Error Analysis ... 13
xii
B. Descriptive Text ... 16
1. The Definition of Descriptive Text ... 16
2. The Generic Structures of Descriptive Text ... 16
3. The Language Features of Descriptive Text ... 17
4. Example of Descriptive Text ... 17
C. Writing Skill ... 18
1. The Definition of Writing Skill ... 18
2. Genres of Writing ... 18
3. Genres of Text in English ... 19
4. The Purpose of Writing ... 20
5. The Process of Writing ... 22
6. The Assessing Writing ... 24
7. The Criteria of Good Writing ... 25
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 27
A.Setting and Subject of the Study ... 27
B.Method of the Study ... 27
C.The Subject of the Study ... 27
1. Population ... 27
2. Sample and Sampling... 28
D.The Technique of Collecting Data ... 28
E. The Technique of Analyzing Data ... 28
CHAPTER IV THE RESULT OF THE STUDY ... 30
A. Collecting the Data ... 30
B. Identifying the Errors ... 30
C. Describing the Errors ... 32
D. Explaining the Errors ... 38
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION 42
A. Conclusion ... 42
B. Implication ... 43
C. Suggestion ... 43
xiii
xiv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 The Description of Types of Errors ... 30
xv
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Text of Student 02 ... 47
Appendix 2 Text of Student 03 ... 48
Appendix 3 Text of Student 04 ... 49
Appendix 4 Text of Student 05 ... 50
Appendix 5 Text of Student 06 ... 51
Appendix 6 Text of Student 07 ... 52
Appendix 7 Text of Student 09 ... 53
Appendix 8 Text of Student 10 ... 54
Appendix 9 Text of Student 13 ... 55
Appendix 10 Text of Student 14 ... 56
Appendix 11 Text of Student 15 ... 57
Appendix 12 Text of Student 17 ... 58
Appendix 13 Text of Student 20 ... 59
Appendix 14 Text of Student 22 ... 60
Appendix 15 Text of Student 23 ... 61
Appendix 16 Text of Student 24 ... 62
Appendix 17 Text of Student 26 ... 63
Appendix 18 Text of Student 27 ... 64
Appendix 19 Text of Student 29 ... 65
Appendix 20 Text of Student 34 ... 66
Appendix 21 List of Students’ name ... 67
Appendix 22 Documentation ... 68
