A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ON THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF SURAH AL-MUDATSTSIR BY A.YUSUF ALI.

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A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ON THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION

OF SURAH "AL - MUDATSTSIR

”

By A. YUSUF ALI

THESIS

Submitted As Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Humanities UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

By: LUTFIAH

Reg. Number A83211157

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

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ABSTRAK

Lutfiah. 2015. Analisis Semantic Terjemahan Bahasa Inggris dari Surat Al-Mudatstsir Karya A.Yusuf Ali. Skripsi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Adab, Sunan Ampel Universitas Islam Negeri Surabaya.

Pembimbing: Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag

Kata kunci: Semantic, makna, pesan, Surah Al-Mudatstsir.

Semantik adalah salah satu cabang linguistik yang mempelajari tentang makna. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis terjemahan bahasa Inggris Surat Al_Mudatstsir karya A.Yusuf Ali dengan menggunakan teori semantik. Al-Mudatstsir adalah salah satu surah dalam Al-Quran yang terdiri lima puluh enam ayat.

Terkait dengan latar belakang, penelitian bertujuan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan berikut. Apa jenis makna yang digunakan dalam Terjemahan Inggris dari "Surat Al-Mudatstsir" oleh A. Yusuf Ali dan apa pesan yang terlibat dalam tesis ini.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, karena data dari penelitian ini adalah dalam bentuk kalimat atau kata-kata dari Surah Al-Mudatstsir. Langkah pengumpulan data membaca dan memahami terjemahan Surah Al-Mudatstsir oleh A.Yusuf Ali. Kemudian, dia memilih data yang berhubungan dengan masalah penelitian. Untuk menganalisis data, ia menyajikan data, menafsirkan data dan menarik kesimpulan.

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ABSTRACT

Lutfiah. 2015. A Semantic Analysis on the English Translation of Surah Al-Mudatstsir by A.Yusuf Ali. Thesis English Letters Department, Faculty of Humanities, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University of Surabaya.

The advisor : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag

Key words : Semantic, meaning, message, Surah Al- Mudatstsir.

Semantics is one of the branches of linguistics studying about meaning. This research focuses on analyzing the English translation of Surah Al_Mudatstsir by A.Yusuf Ali by using semantics theory. Al-Mudatstsir is one of surah in the

Holy Qur’an which consists of fifty six verses.

Related to the background, the study aims at answering two following

questions. What kinds of meaning are used in the English Translation of “Surah

Al-Mudatstsir” by A. Yusuf Ali and what messages are involved in this thesis. The research is conducted using descriptive qualitative method, because the data of this study are in the form of the sentences or words of Surah Al-Mudatstsir. The step of data collection are reading and understanding the translation of Surah Al-Mudatstsir by A.Yusuf Ali. Then, she selects the data related to the problems of the study. To analyze the data, she presents the data, interprets the data and draws the conclusion.

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Lutfiah

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Inside Cover Page ... i

Inside Title Page ... ii

Declaration Page... iii

Advisor’s Approval Page ... iv

Examiner’s Approval Page... v

Motto ... vi

Dedication ... vii

Acknowledgement ... ix

Table of Contents ... x

Abstract ... xiii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ... 4

1.3 Objectives of the Study ... 4

1.4 Significance of the Study ... 4

1.5 Scope and Limitations of the study ... 5

1.6 Definition of the Key Terms ... 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Semantics ... 7

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2.2.1 Lexical Meaning ... 8

2.2.1.2 Ambiguity ... 10

2.2.1.3 Synonym and Antonymy ... 10

2.2.1.4 Denotation and Conotation ... 11

2.2.1.5 Hyponymy ... 13

2.3 Sentential Meaning ... 14

2.3.1 Analytic Sentence and Synthetic Sentence ... 14

2.3.2 Entailment ... 15

2.3.3 Presupposition ... 16

2.4 Message ... 16

2.4.1 Moral Message ... 17

2.4.2 Religious Message ... 17

2.4.3 Sosial Message ... 17

2.5 Surah Al- Mudatstsir ... 18

2.6 Translation ... 18

2.6.1 The Process of Translation ... 20

2.7 Biography of Yusuf Ali ... 20

2.8 Previous Study ... 21

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design ... 23

3.2 Research Instrument ... 24

3.3 Data Sources ... 24

3.4 Procedure of Data Collection ... 24

3.5 Data Analysis ... 25

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4.1.1 Semantic Involvement ... 26

4.1.1.1 Section 1 ... 27

4.1.1.2 Section 2 ... 29

4.1.1.3 Section 3 ... 30

4.1.1.4 Section 4 ... 32

4.1.1.5 Section 5 ... 35

4.1.1.6 Section 6 ... 38

4.1.1.7 Section 7 ... 39

4.1.2 Message Involvement ... 42

4.2 Discussion ... 45

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 49

5.2 Suggestion ... 50

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents about background of study, research problems, research objectives, significance of research, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.

1.1BACKGROUND OF STUDY

In linguistics, there are many areas in which can be analyzed by the expert or researcher, such as phonetics, morphology, syntax, pragmatic, semantics, etc. Phonetics is the study of linguistics sounds. Morphology is the study of the meaning components of words. Syntax is the study of the structural relationship between words. Pragmatics is the study of how language is used to accomplish the goals. Semantics is the study of meaning. But, the researcher does not use all of those areas. The researcher chooses one of them that is semantics which is to learn about the meaning by using semantics analysis.

This study is to explore about meaning in linguistics. So, what is meaning?

Meaning is an idea or concept that can be transferred from the speaker’s mind to

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The Holy Qur’an is a message from Allah to human being. It is transmitted

to us in a chain starting from Allah to the angel Jibril to the prophet Muhammad

(SAW). Allah says in the Holy Qur’an: “a book which we have revealed to you

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The Holy Qur’an consists of 114 surah and 6666 verses. The language of the

Holy Qur’an is different from the others. It has a special thing. Holy Qur’an has a

great grammar that is always amazed by all people who read and hear it even the non- Moslem. The original language of Holy Qur’an is Arabic language, but it has been translated into many other languages including English language.

Language is very important for people around the world. Language is a tool to convey the intent to others. Without language, people will not express their mind and thought to another. There are two kinds of language, those are: spoken language and written language. In this research, the researcher studies about the written language, especially studying the meaning on the Surah "Al-Mudatstsir” (The One Wrapped Up) by A. Yusuf Ali using semantic approach, including the lexical meaning, and sentential meaning. The researcher chooses Surah Al-Mudatstsir because it has characteristic of those two parts of meaning in semantic features.

There are certain kinds of meaning in language. Lyons (1984: 136) argues that there are many types of meaning, such as lexical meaning, philosophical meaning, contextual meaning, grammatical meaning, sentence meaning, descriptive meaning, expressive meaning and social meaning. So, in this research the researcher explores the theory of meaning that is related to lexical meaning, and sentential meaning.

This research has relation with the previous researches that also focus on semantic analysis on the English translation of surah of al-Qur’an. However, all the researchers chose the different object (surah of al-Qur’an). Such as; Zulfa (2007), in

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Mulk” by A. Yusuf Ali. She discusses about the kinds of meaning, especially in the

lexical meaning. Wijaya (2007) discusses about the meaning in Surah Luqman and

also the translation method used. Therefore, the researcher conducts the title “A

Semantic Analysis on the English Translation of Surah Al-Mudatstsir by A.Yusuf

Ali” which focuses on the lexical and sentential meaning and also the messages

involved of surah al-Mudatstsir.

In addition, there are many Surah inside Qur’an with different types and

functions in each Surah. Some of the Surah on Qur’an consist of the story the

previous prophets, and Prophet Muhammad. The other part, they consist of laws of

Islam (Fiqh and Syari’ah), knowledge for know God (Tauhid), and the regulation of

our actions in the relation with God and human (Aqidah Akhlaq).

The researcher discusses about “A Semantic Analysis on the English Translation of Surah Al-Mudatstsir by A. Yusuf Ali”. The discussion consists of two semantic features. Those are lexical meaning, which includes denotation, connotation, ambiguity, synonymy, hyponymy, polysemy, homonymy, and homophony. It also discusses about sentential meaning, including synthetic sentences, entailment, and presupposition.

1.1.2 Statement of the Problems

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2. What messages are found in the English Translation of Surah Al- Mudatstsir by A. Yusuf Ali?

1.1.3 Objectives of the Study

Based on the research focuses stated above, this study is intended to describe: 1. To describe the meaning used on the English Translation of Surah Al-

Mudatstsir by A. Yusuf Ali.

2. To describe the messages found in English Translation of Surah Al- Mudatstsir by A. Yusuf Ali.

1.1.4 Significance of the Study

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Practically, this study is also very important to be done because it has some benefits for everyone who wants to study and read the Holy Al-Qur’an, especially Surah Al- Mudatstsir in order to have deep understanding of knowing the meaning and the messages from the content of Surah Al- Mudatstsir semantically. Therefore, the readers are interested in this study and read the Holy Al-Qur’an as well as possible. In addition, this study is expected to be used as a reference for the next researchers who are interested in conducting similar studies.

1.1.5 Scope and Limitations of the study

In this analysis, the researcher only focuses about the kinds of meaning and the messages found in the English Translation of Surah Al- Mudatstsir by A. Yusuf Ali. For the meaning, the researcher tries to find out and discuss about the semantics aspects which concerns with two meanings. They are lexical meaning and sentential meaning.

1.1.6 Definition of the Key Terms

To avoid misunderstanding about the terms, some terms in this research are defined as follows:

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Qur’an Prophet (S.A.W) by his most graceful Divine

title.

3. Abdullah Yusuf Ali : One of the most popular translators in the world, the language use is easier to be understood by everyone. He gives explanation to the word that is difficult or use old English.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

The reviews below cover the discussion about semantics, lexical meaning, sentential meaning, message, and the previous study.

2.1Semantics

Semantics is one of the branches of linguistics studying about the meaning and it is considered as a major branch of linguistics divided to study of meaning in language (Crystal, 1991. P. 428). Study of meaning is much needed for those who want to be a good speaker or writer to express their ideas. From this definition, we have to know what is meant by meaning. For thousands, of years, some philosophers have been pondering the meaning of meaning, speakers of language can understand what is said to them and can produce strings of words that are meaningful to other speakers. According to the theory of semantics, meanings are the ideas or concepts that are able to be transferred from the speakers mind to the hearers mind by embodying them, as it were, in the forms of one language or another (Fromkin, 1983.p. 140).

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written language is very important to know and understand the content of the communication.

Semantics is the study of learning that stands at the very center of the linguistics quest to understand the nature of language and human language abilities. It is caused by the expressing meaning. Expressing meanings are what language all about. So, everything in language – words, grammatical construction, intonations, patterns-conspires to realize this goal in the fullest, richest, subtlest way. In understanding how any particular language works, we need to understand how its individual design works to fulfill its function as an intricate device for communicating meanings.

2.2Kinds of Meaning

Semantics is concerned with the aspect of meaning in language. Work in semantics deals with the description of word and sentence meaning. There are certain kinds of meaning or certain aspects of meaning in linguistics (Lyon, 1995). The meaning of sentence depends upon the meaning of its sentence of they occur (Lyon, 1984). There are kinds of meaning or aspects of meaning in linguistics.

2.2.1 Lexical Meaning

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Lexical meaning is the meaning of word in isolation. The term “lexical

meaning” is interpreted as the meaning of lexemes that depend upon the meaning of the sentences in which they occur. The technical term that is called dictionary-words

is “lexeme”. The noun „lexeme’ is related to the words „lexical’ and „lexicon’. A

lexeme is lexical unit or a unit of the lexicon. The lexical structure of a language is the structure of its lexicon or vocabulary and lexical meaning is equivalent to the

commonly used, less technical (but ambigous), term „word-meaning’. Identifying

lexical meaning is not easy because it does not only deal with the obvious or literal meaning but also with denotation, synonymy, antonymy, ambiguity, polisemy, hyponymy, homonymy, and homophon.

2.2.1.1Homonym and Polysemy

Homonym is said to be two words with the same form but different in meaning. For example; corn=grain and corn=the foot, bank=side of a river and bank=financial institution.

In addition, a word can be defined as polysemy, if it has more than one meaning or multiple meaning. For example, the noun „head’ is treated in standard dictionaries of English as a single lexeme with several distinguishable meaning. For

example, „head’ a top of body, top a glass of bear, top of company department.

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There are several conditions which cause polysemy. First, it is specification in

certain science, for instance, in linguistics, architecture and art. The word „form’ have

so many different meaning. They have their own meaning. Second, it is specification of usage in the variety of social life. For instance, operation is assigning operation,

but in medical word, operations have meaning „to operate a patient. Third, it is the

use in figurative language and the last in incorrect writing or utterance.

2.2.1.2Ambiguity

Fromkin (1988: 171) states that some sentences are ambiguous because they have both literal and non-literal and metaphorical meaning. A word or sentence is ambiguous, if it can be understood or interpreted in more than one interpretation or reading. The different words that have some forms or pronunciations may cause ambiguity among other listeners or readers who do not pay attention to their context carefully. In reality, they are rarely aware of more than one reading which they select immediately. For example, she cannot bear the children. Perhaps understood to mean, she is unable to give birth to children or she cannot tolerate children. The ambiguity is because there are two words of „bear’ with two different meaning.

2.2.1.3Synonymy and Antonymy

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similarity of meaning. Kridalaksana in Wijaya (2007: 16) argues that the definition of synonymy is the form of language which has similar or resemble meaning with the other form. It can be in the form of words, phrases or sentences, although generally it is only with one word.

Antonym is the word which in some senses opposite in meaning, such as the

words „cold and hot’, „dead and alive’, „above and below’. The relationship that

called antonym perhaps can be explained by giving the example like „big’ and

„small’. However, it becomes special because antonym can be graded systematically.

Grading here has strong relationship with comparison operation.

The comparison can be in the form of explicit or implicit meaning. Comparative explicit sentence are categorized into two types. They are: 1) two things could be compared based on the feature in which this feature is declared that one has higher grade than the other one. For example, our house is bigger than yours. 2) The same condition of two things could be compared based on the feature or characteristic that is meant. For instance, our house is bigger than it used to be.

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2.2.1.4 Denotation and Connotation

Denotation is the meaning of word which is primarily refers to the real world. It is the type of meaning which may be described in terms of a set of semantic properties which serves to identify the particular concept associated with the word in question. For instance, “cow” shows a kind of animal, “house” shows a kind of building. Connotation arises as words become related with certain characteristics of items to which they refer, or the association of positive or negative feeling to which

they refer, or the association of positive or negative feeling to which they evokes,

which may or may not be indicated in a dictionary definition. (Ahmadin, 2005). Connotation meaning can also happen in a sentence; usually we can know the real meaning of the sentence by looking at the context. Check these two different examples below!

1. Tomorrow will be my father’s birthday; I will give him a while collar shirt. 2. My mother is a teacher and my father is a white collar man.

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Connotation has its own function in human daily communication. Fromkin et. Al, (1983) says that: Connotation play an important role in language of advertising, of politics, of literature. Indeed in these various connotations may be so powerful that they totally replace the denotative meanings. Words as democracy, freedom and communism, for example, often occur with emotive connotations of such a highly- charged nature that speakers may be blind to the fact that there is no agreed- upon definition underlying their use. It is their potent affective meanings that makes such words attractive to the propagandist or political fanatic who intend to arouse strong feeling without inviting critical examination of this case.

2.2.1.5 Hyponymy

Hyponym is a word whose meaning contains the entire meaning of other words that is known by super ordinate.

Hyponym  meaning of yellow, black, white, orange etc. Super ordinate  meaning of color.

However, all of meaning could be changed with human’s thought because

human thought always provide with something new in the world. As Oka mentioned in Baroroh (2007: 14) that there is several meanings that usually use by people.

1. There is moving from one word to other word.

2. There are new concepts providing which its need a word as it place. 3. The conditions of psychologies speaker (taboo word)

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5. The change or different using fields. 6. There is metaphor.

All of them are possibilities when people talk or speak to other one in which used in the utterance.

2.3Sentential Meaning

Sentential meaning can be defined as a group of words that forms a statement, command, exclamation or question, and usually contains a subject and predicates. And in writing usually begins with capital letter and end of the mark (.,!, ?). In addition, Lyon argues in Isnawati (2005: 18) that the common definition of the sentences as a group of words containing subject and a predicate „sets up two of

them’. It requires that a sentence can be more than one word and it can be a structure

of predication.

According to Chaer in Baroroh (2007: 15) sentence is syntactic unit formed based on the basic constituent which usually in the form of clause and complete with conjunction then followed by intonation. Those final intonations give three characteristic to the sentence. They are declarative intonation, in language symbolized by full stop (.), then, interrogative intonation, symbolized by question mark (?), and the last, exclamation intonation that is symbolized by exclamation mark (!).

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combined or what is called as idioms. We can truly understand and comprehend sentences especially foreign language because we know the meanings of individual word.

2.3.1 Analytic Sentence and Synthetic Sentence

According to Parker in Baroroh (2007:16) describes analytic sentence as one that is necessarily as a result of the world in it. For instance a bachelor is an unmarried man. From this sentence it is not necessary for us to look at on the outside

as prove of the truth. Because based on our knowledge the „bachelor’ means

unmarried man. It can be defined that analytic sentence is the true condition by definition.

On the contrary is the synthetic sentence. Synthetic sentence is not true condition or sentence. This sentence does not accurately describe some state of affairs in the world. It means that the synthetic sentence needs to check empirically. For

example, “my next door neighbor, Thomas, is married”. This sentence is synthetic

sentence because we do not know whether true or false before we investigate its truth or falsity.

2.3.2 Entailment

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to hold between two sentences. For example, a) Anna is a spinster b) Anna has been unmarried. If sentence (a) is true, sentence (b) must be true.

2.3.3 Presupposition

The philosophical uses of this term will be obtained in semantic discussion, a condition which must be satisfied if a particular state of affairs is to gain, or in connection to language what a speaker assumes in saying in a particular sentence, as opposed to what is actually asserted. It is also analyzed as a certain type of logical relationship between statements, contrasting with entailment.

Some linguists have come to use the term in a narrower sense, in two-part analysis of sentences which contrast be information assumed or presupposed by the

speaker, and that which is at the center of the speaker’s communicative interest; in

this sense, presupposition is opposed to focus.

The contrast between given and new information makes an analogous distinction. For example, on one interpretation of this notion, the sentence where is the salt? Is said to presuppose that the salt is not present to the speaker, and there is someone whom the speaker thinks might know where the salt is, and so on. This total of the study in communicative context that influence the meaning of a sentence has attracted increasing interest from the linguists in recent years, partly in semantics partly under the heading of pragmatics.

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analytic sentence, synthetic sentence, and entailment. Therefore, analyzing the sentence is more difficult than analyzing the word in lexical meaning.

2.4Message

In Longman Dictionary (2001: 256) mentioned that message is a piece of information passed from one person to another. Message is a spoken or written communication sent from one person to another. Message is like a note, letter, report, cable, word, news, information and report and message has a function to understand or transmit something to people by signaling.

Actually, message has close relation with communication because it is related to verbal and non-verbal communication. According to Nurgiyantoro in Wijaya (2007: 36) that there are several kinds of message, they are;

2.4.1 Moral Message

Moral message is relating to the principles or considerations of right and or good and bad character. The types of moral message include the unlimited problems. It can include all live and life conflict, the conflict such as human values and status. Therefore, the moral message can be conveyed by idea, advice and suggestion of the author to the readers, speakers to the hearers.

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Religious message is relating to particular religious faith or suggestion from the author to the readers or speaker to the hearers about the religion as human conviction or the religion not only as the law in human life.

2.4.3 Social Message

Social message is relating to spoken or written message that related to human society. The form of social life can be more interesting and relevant to be applied in our life moreover in modern life because we are social creation. There are many aspect of social life such as authentic, eternal and universal.

2.5 Surah As-Mudatstsir

Sūrat al-Mudatstsir (Arabic: رثدملا ةروس, "The Cloaked One, The Man Wearing

a Cloak") is the 74th surah of the Qur'an with 56 ayat.

This surah was part of the early Meccan revelations. Many well known

author’s chronology places Surat al- Mudatstsir as the second surah revealed to the

Prophet Muhammed including Ibn Kathir, citing the hadith : “Jabir ibn Abd Allah

told, I heard the Messenger of Allah – and he was narrating about the pause in Revelation – so he said in his narration: “I was walking, when I heard a voice from the heavens. So I raised my head, and there was an angel, the one that had come to me at Hira, sitting upon a chair between the heavens and the earth. I fled from him

out of fear, and I returned and said: „Wrap me up! Wrap me up! So they covered me.”

Then Allah, Most High revealed: „O you who are wrapped up! Arise and warm.’ Up

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2.6 Translation

Translation comes from the word „translate’. Nida and Taber (see

Suryawinata, 1989: 1) argues that translation is the process of transferring language from the source language into the target language. It means that translation is related to convey the meaning through spoken or written language in order the message of the original language can be understood by other people.

As Catford in Baroroh (2007: 21) that translation is a craft consists of the attempts to replace a written message or statement in one language by the same message or statement in another language. While other experts defined that translation as the general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language or source language into the other one (target language), whether the language are in written or oral form; whether the languages have established orthographies or do not have such standardization or whether one or both languages is based on signs, as with sign language of the deaf.

There are some types of translation as Savory’s categorization below;

a) Perfect translation.

Perfect translation includes all purely informative statements such as what are encountered by the travelers or used by the advertisers.

b) Adequate translation.

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thought to the fact that what he is reading is not originally written in his own language. For example, English pop novel translated into Indonesian language. The translator may omit words or even entire sentences which he finds the obscure and he can freely paraphrase the original meaning.

c) Composite translation.

This type of translation includes the translation of poetry into poetry, prose into prose, prose into poetry and poetry into prose.

d) Scientific translation.

This translation aims for attaining the clearness and accuracy of the concepts. 2.6.1 The Process of Translation

The process of translation is not simply translating sentence from source language into the target language but we have to find the equivalence of meaning or message in the source language to be transferred into the target language.

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2.7 Biography of Yusuf Ali

Hafidz Abdullah Yusuf Ali, CBE, FRSL (14 April 1872 – 10 December 1953)

was an Indian Islamic scholar who translated the Qur’an into English. His translation

of the Qur’an is one of the most widely – known and used in the English speaking

world.

Ali was born in Seurat, Gujarat in British India to a wealthy merchant family with a Dawoodi Bohra father. As a child, Ali received a religious education and,

eventually, could recite the entire Qur’an from memory. He spoke both Arabic and

English fluently. He studied English literature and studied at several European universities, including the University of Leeds. He concentrated his efforts on the

Qur’an and studied the Qur’an commentaries beginning with those written in the

early days of Islamic history.

Yusuf Ali’s best – known work in his book The Holy Qur’an: Text,

Translation and Commentary, begun in 1934 and published in 1983 by Sh. Muhammad Ashraf Publishers in Lahore, India (later Pakistan). While on tour to promote his translation, Ali helped to open the Al- Rashid Mosque, the third mosque in North America, in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in December 1983.

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the Muslim cemetery at Brook wood, Surrey, near Working, not far from the burial place of Pick hall.

2.8 Previous Study

Wijaya, (2007) focused on semantic analysis of the English translation of Surah Luqman. He discussed the kinds of meaning in surah Luqman and the translation method used. He found many sentential meaning and discoursal meaning and the translation method used are two methods. Baroroh, (2007) as the following researcher focused on a semantic analysis of the English translation of surah Al-Fath. She discussed the kinds of the meaning and also message involved in surah Al-Fath. She found the discoursal meaning in this surah and she also found the moral and religious message.

Yulianti (2005) conducted her research about Semantic Analysis on the translation of surah Yasin by Muhammad al-Hilali. In her study, she investigates the kinds of meaning used in each verses of the English translation of surah Yasin. She found that this surah consists of many sentential and discoursal meaning. She also discussed the message involvement that involve in this surah and the common message is the moral message.

Laily (2002), in her study entitled on Semantic Analysis the Lyrics of Bon

Jovi’s Songs, investigated the kinds and types of meaning used in each line of the

lyrics of Jon Bon Jovi’s Song. She found that Jon Bon Jovi frequently used lexical

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

In this chapter, the writer would like to present some data that are used in analyzing the problems. She tried to get complete data in order to present the clearer description to reach objective and get reliable results.

3.1Research Design

In this research, the researcher used descriptive qualitative research. The purpose of qualitative research of this study was to find out the data obtained as they were found in the fields and to analyze data.

It means that the researcher only intended to describe the data obtained as they were found in the fields. In this study, the researcher used descriptive research to analyze the kinds of meaning used in the English Translation of Surah Al- Mudatstsir by A. Yusuf Ali and the messages behind it.

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3.2Research Instrument

The researcher was the key or the main instrument of this research. She spent a great deal of time by reading and trying to analyze and find out the kinds of meaning used in English Translation of Surah Al-Mudatstsir and also the messages involved behind it.

The researcher tried to understand and to compare with other English

translators of Qur’an in order to get the valid data and describe it in accordance

with the problems of the study. To get the data, the researcher read some English Translation of Qur’an and chose one that was proper to the study to reach the data.

3.3Data Source

The data sources in this research were the text of English translation of Surah Al- Mudatstsir by A.Yusuf Ali and the software Al-Qur’an Digital. Surah Al- Mudatstsir consists of fifty six verses. Because the verses are short, the researcher divided the verses only in one category to analyze it. The translator, A.

Yusuf Ali was an Indian Islamic scholar who translated the Qur’an into English.

His translation of the Qur’an is one of the most widely known and used in the English-speaking world.

3.4Procedure of Data Collection

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selected the data that were related to the research problems. At last, the researcher arranged the data systematically in accordance with the research problems.

3.5Data Analysis

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CHAPTER IV

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

This part presents the data obtained from the data source and discussion of the results.

4.1 Findings

Based on the research problems, two topics are presented in this part. First, it talks about the semantic involvement that concerns with lexical meaning and sentential meaning in English Translation of Surah Al-Mudatstsir by A.Yusuf Ali. The other about the messages involvement found in the English Translation of Surah Al-Mudatstsir by A.Yusuf Ali.

4.1.1 Semantic Involvement

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4.1.1.1Table 1

This section presents the analysis of surah Al-Muddatstsir from verse 1 up to 10.

Table 4.1 Surah Al-Muddatstsir from verse 1 up to 10

Verses Surah Al Muddatstsir Semantic Involvement

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ا 8. Finally, when the

Trumpet is sounded,

 

ْ ْ ا 9. That will be- that Day

- a Day of Distress,

 

ْ ْا 10.Far from easy for

those without Faith.

 

Lexical Meaning

Related to lexical meaning, denotation can be found in this section such as word “the Lord” (verse 3, 7) = Allah, and the word “warninُ”, “ُarment”, “be

patient”, “sounded”, “َaith” (2, 4, 7, 8, 10). The antonym also َound, such as the

word “a day oَ distress” X “easy” (9, 10).

Sentential Meaning

In this part the researcher finds sentential meaning; the word that is started by the capital letter ended by full stop, question mark or exclamation mark in verse 1 up to 10.

Entailment is also found in this section. For example; “O you wrapped up (in the mantle)!” (verse 4) entailed by verse 2 “Arise and deliver thy warninُ!”.

And verse 8 “Finally, when the Trumpet is sounded” entailed by verse 9, 10,

“That will be- that Day - a Day oَ Distress,” (verse 9) and “Far َrom easy َor

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Verses of Surah Al Muddatstsir Semantic Involvement

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ِ ك ه إ َك 16.By no means! For

to Our Signs he has been refractory!



عا ه ا ْ س 17.Soon will I visit

him with a mount of calamities!

 

Lexical Meaning

Lexical meaning like synonym can be found in this section. Related to synonym, the researcher finds in the word “Me” and “I” (verse 11, 12, 14, 17). The denotation is also َound in the word “created” (verse 11), “ُranted” (verse 12), “made”, “smooth”, “comَortable” (verse 14), “visit” (verse 17), “calamities”

(verse 17) = “hard”.

In this part, all of the versus can be categorized into sentential meaning because all of the sentences are started by the capital letter and ended by full stop, question mark and exclamation mark. It is except one sentence that is verse 12.

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derived from of old;

ْا ل ْ إ ا ْ إ 25."This is nothing

but the word of a mortal!"



The table presents section 3 from verse 18 up to 25 of surah al Muddatstsir by M. yusuf Ali.

Lexical Meaning

Denotation is َound in this section in the word “turn back” and “hauُhty” (verse 23), and “maُic” and “old” (verse 25).

This section can be categorized as sentential meaning because from the verse 18 up to 25 are started by the capital letter and ended by full stop, exclamation mark and question mark. See the table 3 above. In this section also all of the sentences are cauterized as entailment because they have relation each other from sentence 18 up to 25.

4.1.1.4Table 4

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except He and this is no other than a

warning to

mankind.

The table presents section 4 from verse 26 up to 31 of surah al Muddatstsir by M. Yusuf Ali.

Lexical Meaning

Related to lexical meaning, in this section can be َound the word “I” (verse 26) and “We”, “He”, “the Lord” = “Allah” (verse 31) and the word

“people” and “mankind” (verse 31). The antonym is also found in the word “Unbelievers” X “Believers”, “َaith” X “doubt” (verse 31). Denotation is also

found in the word “the book” = al-Qur’an, and the word “darkeninُ” and “chanُinُ” (verse 29), and “nineteen” (verse 30), “anُels” and “Guardians”

(verse 31).

This section can be mentioned as sentential meaning because all of the sentences started by the capital letter and ended by full stop, question mark and exclamation mark from sentences 26 up to 31. All of the sentences categorized as entailment because all of those have relation each other from sentence 26 up to 31.

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4.1.1.5Table 5

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digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id Muddatstsir by M. Yusuf Ali.

Lexical Meaning

Related to lexical meaning, the denotation has been found in the word “Moon” (verse 32), “Niُht” (verse 33), “Dawn” (verse 34), “warninُ” (verse 36),

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All of the sentences are categorized as sentential meaning because they are started by the capital letter and ended by full stop, exclamation mark and question mark. Entailment is also found in this section. They are: firstly verse 32 up to 38. “Nay, verily: By the Moon” (verse 32) “And by the Niُht as it retreateth” (verse

33) “And by the Dawn as it shineth َorth” (verse 34) “This is but one oَ the

miُhty (portents)” (verse 35) “A warninُ to mankind” (verse 36) “To any oَ you

that chooses to press َorward, or to َollow behind” (verse 37) “Every soul will be (held) in pledُe َor its deeds” (verse 38) “Except the Companions oَ the Riُht

Hand” (verse 39) entailed by verse 40, 41, 42, “(They will be) in Gardens (oَ

Delight): they will question each other” (verse 40) “And (ask) oَ the Sinners” (verse 41) "What led you into Hell Fire?" (verse 42).

4.1.1.6Table 6

Table 4.6 surah Al-Muddatstsir from verse 43 up to 48

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The table presents the section 6 from verse 43 up to 48. Lexical Meaning

Denotation is found in this section in the word “prayed” (verse 43) and “deny the Day oَ judُment” (verse 46).

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4.1.1.7Table 7

Table 4.7 surah Al-Muddatstsir from verse 49 up to 56

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All of sentences categorized as sentential meaning from the verse 49 until 56. Because all of them are started by the capital letter and ended by full stop, question mark and exclamation mark. Entailment is also found in the sentence 49 up to 54. “Then what is the matter with them that they turn away َrom

admonition? (verse 49), “As iَ they were aََriُhted asses” (verse 50) “Fleeinُ

َrom a lion!” (verse 51) “Forsooth, each one oَ them wants to be ُiven scrolls (oَ

revelation) spread out!” (verse 52) “By no means! But they َear not the Hereaَter,” (verse 53) “Nay, this surely is an admonition” (verse 54) entailed by

“Let any who will, keep it in remembrance!” (verse 55) “But none will keep it in

remembrance except as Allah wills: He is the Lord of Righteousness and the Lord oَ Forُiveness” (verse 56).

4.1.2 Message Involvement

In this surah Al- Mudatstsir the researcher gets some messages that related to religious message. She finds these messages that in Tafsir Ibnu Katsir book. Imam AL-Bukhari narrates from Jabir bin Abdullah informed him that he heard the Messenger of Allah speaking about the time period (of the pause in) revelation. The Prophet said,

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So Allah revealed a Surah Al-Muddatstsir: 1 - 5. After that revelation came in a row.

The command contained in this Surah Al-Muddatstsir is simple commands, but in fact have a purpose that far, very strong and real influence. Broadly frontier way, this surah Al-Mudatsir is divided into four fragments:

1. From the first surah verse 1-10, the messages involvement are:

a. Beginning with the call of God to the Prophet Muhammad SAW to carry large affairs

b. God asked to the prophet Muhammad SAW which covered over to get up towards jihad

c. Taujih or guidance to the Prophet in carry large affairs

Rasulullah provision in carrying treatise is using taujih Robbani those are:

 Robbaka fakabbir : the lord do you magnify!

 Tsiabaka fathahhir : the garments keep free from stain!

 Arrujza Fahjur : all abomination shun!

 La tamnun tastaqtsir : No expect, in giving, any increase (for

theyself)

 Lirobbika fasbir : َor thy Lord’s (Cause), be patient and constant!

d. The threat of God to which belied the Hereafter

2. From verse 11-30, the messages involvement Contains about three things, those are:

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a. God gives wealth very much

b. Sons who live that comes with them c. God bestow enjoyment and position d. They wants God add pleasure e. Very defied the verses of Allah

2. Cause of Allah explain war with liars

a. He had been thinking about the Qur'an, has prepared the assessment, very serious and deep thinking

b. Then he repeats and repeats what he thinks c. His face became grim and blackened d. Arrogant him self

e. Stating the Qur'an is black magic

3. The fate of the liar or the end of the trip is go in to the hell

3. From verse 32-48, the messages involvement that talks about hell saqor those are;

a. Masyahid kauniyah (view of the universe) b. Maqom (the Position of those who made sin)

c. Maqom (Position Ash-shob Al-Yamin) asking sinners their sins d. confession of those who behave badly or sin

Guiltiness:

 Not praying

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 Like a waste of time

 Belie the Day of Recompense

4. The last part of this surah Al-mudatstsir verse 49-56, the messages involvement;

Al-Mukadzibin attitudes towards da'wah (running from the tasks of religious) Cause:

a. Spite (full of envious resentment or envy) b. Fear Allah

4.1.2. Discussion

This part discusses about the whole materials which have been explained in the previous part. This discussion is conducted to answer the research problem of this research: what kinds of meaning in the English translation of surah Al Muddatstsir by M. Yusuf Ali? And what messages are found in the English of surah Al Muddatstsir by M. Yusuf Ali?

There are two categories of meaning that are found in the discussion. There are lexical meaning and sentential meaning, and also message involve in this surah.

Lexical Meaning

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and the word “warninُ”, “ُarment”, “be patient”, “sounded”, “َaith” (2, 4, 7, 8,

10), “created” (verse 11), “ُranted” (verse 12), “made”, “smooth”, “comَortable”

(verse 14), “visit” (verse 17), “calamities” (verse 17) = “hard”, “turn back” and

“hauُhty” (verse 23), and “maُic” and “old” (verse 25), word “the book” = al -Qur’an, and the word “darkeninُ” and “chanُinُ” (verse 29), and “nineteen”

(verse 30), “anُels” and “Guardians” (verse 31), “Moon” (verse 32), “Niُht”

(verse 33), “Dawn” (verse 34), “warninُ” (verse 36), “Riُht hand” (verse 39),

“Hell-Fire” (42), “prayed” (verse 43) and “deny the Day oَ judُment” (verse 46), “admonition” (verse 49, 54), “Lion” (verse 51), “Hereaَter” (verse 53),

“Riُhteousness” and “Forُiveness” (verse 56). So, the word that indicates

denotation can be found in the verse 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 23, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 39, 42, 43, 46, 49, 51, 53, 54 and 56.

The synonym also َound in the word “Me” and “I” (verse 11, 12, 14, 17),

“I” (verse 26) and “We”, “He”, “the Lord” = “Allah” (verse 31) and the word

“people” and “mankind” (verse 31), “the Lord” = “Allah” (verse 56). The

opposite oَ synonym is antonym. It can be َound in the word “a day oَ distress” X

“easy” (9, 10), “Unbelievers” X “Believers”, “َaith” X “doubt” (verse 31),

“Forward” X “behind” (verse 37). So, synonym َound in the verse 11, 12, 14, 17,

26, 31, 56 and antonym found in the verse 9, 10, 31 and 37.

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exclamation mark and question mark in verse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56.

Moreover, entailment has relationship between two or more sentence in which the truth of one sentence implies the truth of other sentence also found in this surah. For example; “O you wrapped up (in the mantle)!” (verse 1) entailed

by verse 2 “Arise and deliver thy warninُ!”. And verse 8 “Finally, when the

Trumpet is sounded” entailed by verse 9, 10, “That will be- that Day - a Day of Distress,” (verse 9) and “Far َrom easy َor those without Faith.” (verse 10), َirstly

verse 32 up to 38. “Nay, verily: By the Moon” (verse 32) “And by the Night as it retreateth” (verse 33) “And by the Dawn as it shineth َorth” (verse 34) “This is

but one oَ the miُhty (portents)” (verse 35) “A warninُ to mankind” (verse 36)

“To any oَ you that chooses to press َorward, or to َollow behind” (verse 37) “Every soul will be (held) in pledُe َor its deeds” (verse 38) “Except the

Companions oَ the Riُht Hand” (verse 39) entailed by verse 40, 41, 42, “(They

will be) in Gardens (oَ Deliُht): they will question each other” (verse 40) “And

(ask) of the Sinners” (verse 41) "What led you into Hell Fire?" (verse 42), . “Then what is the matter with them that they turn away from admonition? (verse 49), “As iَ they were aََriُhted asses” (verse 50) “Fleeinُ َrom a lion!” (verse 51)

“Forsooth, each one oَ them wants to be ُiven scrolls (oَ revelation) spread out!”

(verse 52) “By no means! But they َear not the Hereaَter,” (verse 53) “Nay, this

surely is an admonition” (verse 54) entailed by “Let any who will, keep it in

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wills: He is the Lord oَ Riُhteousness and the Lord oَ Forُiveness” (verse 56).

So, the sentence that has relationship with other sentence can be found in verse 1, 2, 9, 10, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 and 56.

Furthermore, the message that is found in this surah can be categorized as religious message. Because this surah invites people to glorify Allah SWT by doing missionary in the way of Allah, clear of our garment, avoid the bad thing and obey the Allah’s order. And also this surah assert that Allah will ُive

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

This chapter consists of conclusion and suggestion as the last part after analyzing and interpreting the data in the previous chapter. The conclusion is drawn based on the formulated research question while suggestion is to give information for the next researchers who are interested in doing research in similar field on semantic analysis.

4.1 Conclusion

The researcher can classify the meaning of words and sentences in Surah Al- Mudatstsir using semantic approach which include lexical meaning and sentential meaning.

Lexical meaning is concerned with the meaning of words and the meaning relationship among the words. In this surah kinds of lexical meaning can be found are synonymy, antonymy and ambiguity. The verses categorized into sentential meaning in Surah Al-Mudatstsir those are verse 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 42, 43, 46, 49, 51, 53, 54, dan 56.

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Al-Mudatstsir mostly in every section such as verse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, dan 56 those including entailment.

Then, message that is conveyed to the readers in this surah can be categorized mostly into religious message. The grand message of this surah is that Allah will give punishment to people who challenge the prophet Muhammad SAW and people who do not trust of Al-Qur’an because everyone must be responsible to what they are doing in this world.

4.2 Suggestion

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