Proceeding s of Th e 5th Annu al I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2 01 5
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8th I n t ern at ion al Con feren ce of Ch em ical Eng ineering o n Science and Applicat ions ( Ch ESA) 2 0 15 Sept em ber 9 - 1 1, 2 01 5, Banda Aceh, I ndon esia
Root s Bioa ssa y of Upla n d Rice Va r ie t ie s on Se v e r a l Soil
M oist u r e Gr a die n t s
1*
Syarifa Mayly,
2A. Rauf,
2Chairani Hanum , and
2Ham idah Hanum
1
Depart m ent of Agroecot echnology, Facult y ofAgricult ure, Al Washliyah Medan Universit y,
Medan, I ndonesia;
1
Depart m ent of Agroecot echnology, Facult y ofAgricult ure, Sum at era Ut ara Universit y,
Medan, I ndonesia;
* Corresponding Aut hor
: syarifam ayly@yahoo.com
Abst r a ct
Wat er av ailabilit y is a m aj or fact or affect ing rice prod uct ion especially in upland. The Product ion of upland rice is low because of t he low of w at er av ailabilit y in upland. Root s play an im port ant role in upland rice adapt at ion t o drought con dit ions. Th is st udy aim ed t o ident ify t he charact erist ic of upland rice v ariet y root dev elopm ent under soil m oist u re gradient s. This st udy use random ized fact or ial design consist ing of 2 fact ors and 3 replicat e. Fact or I : 12 upland rice v ariet y , ie: Silum ut , Bat ut egi, Lim bot o, Sit u pat enggang, Sit ubagendit , Tow ut i, Cirat a, Danau Gaung, Gaj ah Mungk ur, I npago 4, I npago 5, I npago 6. Fact or I I : gradien of soil m oist u re lev el, ie: 20 % , 40 % , 60 % , 80 % field capacit y. The Result of research indicat e all t he upland rice v ariet y w ere classified t oleran ce based on relat iv e v alue of root leght . The highest root lenght and t he heav iest root dry m at t er w ere generally from com binat ion uplandrice v ariet ies w it h 60 & 80 % field capacit y ex cept I npago 4 and Sit ubagendit show ed t he highest root lenght at 20 % field capacit y and com binat ion The heav iest root dry m at t er at 40 % w ere I npago 4 and Jat iluhur generally from charact erist ic of root gro field capacit y .
Ke y w or ds : r oot lenght , root dry m at t er, relat iv e v alue, upland rice, t olerance.
I n t r od u ct ion
Upland rice is one im port ant plant in upland area. Nat ional product ion of upland rice was 2.4 m illion t onnes t hat was st ill lower com pared with lowland rice which reached 54.4 m illion t ons ( Puslit bang Tanam an Pangan, 2007) . Upland rice product ion can be im proved by expansion t he new upland rice planted area, increased t he yield per hectare, and t he reduct ion of yield losses due t o biot ic and abiot ic st resses ( Las et al, 2008) .
The im portant subject t o increase rice product ion was form ed t he plant m aterial wit h resist ance t o drought. There are t wo m ain m echanism s of plant resist ance t o drought which plants avoid drought ( Drought avoidance) and ( 2) plant s t olerate drought ( Drought t olerance) . The abilit y of plant s t o avoid from t he drought is a st rategy t hat is m ore relevant t o avoid drought and im prove t he appearance of t he plant before t he survivabilit y of drought - form ed (Serraj et al., 2009) while t he drought t olerance is m ore im portant for plants t o survive t he severe drought . The abilit y of plant s t o avoid drought is m ainly concerned wit h t he characterist ics of root s lik e as deep root, root t hin and abilit y t o penet rate deep root s ( Kam oshita et al., 2002, Kat o et al., 2006, Nguyen et al., 2004; Subere et al., 2009; Zhang et al. 2001) .
M a t e r ia ls a nd M e t h ods
This st udy was conduct ed in green house of agriculture facult y Methodist Universit y. This st udy used a random ized fact orial design wit h t wo fact ors and 3 replicat ions. The first experim ent consisted 12 upland rice variet ies were Silum ut , Bat utegi, Lim boto, Sit upat enggang, Sit ubagendit , Towut i, Cirata, Danau Gaung, Gaj ah Mungkur, I npago 4, I npago 5, I npago 6. All t he upland rice variet ies derived from I CRR Sukam andi, expect Si Lum ut was a local Sum at era variet ies. The second experim ent consisted four level of soil m oist ure gradient were nam ely 20% , 40% , 60% , 80% of field capacit y.
Soil used in this st udy collect ed from BMKG Sam pali Medan field research. Soil sam ple was t aken for physical and chem ical propert ies analysis. The am ount of water added determ ined by gravim et ri m ethods. Soil dried for a week, and t hen sieved wit h 2 m esh for cleared t he debris and dirt. Then soil was weight five kg and put in polybag.
Rice seeds are soaked in a m ixt ure of 2 g Dit hane M 45 and 0,1 g Curater 2G. Upland rice variet ies grown by 5 seed per polybag and t he water added at 80% field capacit y unt il t wo weeks after plant ing. Soil m oist ure gradient t reat m ent began at two weeks after plant ing, according t o t reatm ent of 20% , 40% , 60% , 80% of field capacit y. At t he age of 30 HST, plant roots are rem oved and m easured developm ent include root lengt h, and root dry weight .
Proceeding s of Th e 5th Annu al I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2 01 5 lengt h of roots and wat er absorpt ion, especially in m ild water st ress condit ions.
Proceeding s of Th e 5th Annu al I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2 01 5
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8th I n t ern at ion al Con feren ce of Ch em ical Eng ineering o n Science and Applicat ions ( Ch ESA) 2 0 15 Sept em ber 9 - 1 1, 2 01 5, Banda Aceh, I ndon esia
Table 2. Root Dry Mat ter of Upland Rice Variet ies at 30 Days After Plant ing on Several Soil Moist ure Gradient upland rice variet ies based on relat ive value of Root lenght can be seen in Table 3.
All of upland rice variet ies used in t his study had relat ive value of root lenght above 50 % , and t here were t wo variet ies like I npago 4 and Sit ubagendit which had relat ive value above 100 % . Based on relat ive value of root lenght, variet ies can be classified t olerance if it s value above 50 % , and sensit ive if it s value below 50 % .
Table 3. Tolerance Classificat ion of Upland Rice Varieties at 30 Days After Plant ing Based on Relat ive Value of Root Lenght generally from charact erist ic of root gro field capacity.
Proceeding s of Th e 5th Annu al I nt er nat ional Conf er ence Syiah Kuala Universit y ( AI C Unsyiah) 2 01 5
I n conj unct ion w it h The 8th I n t ern at ion al Con feren ce of Ch em ical Eng ineering o n Science and Applicat ions ( Ch ESA) 2 0 15 Sept em ber 9 - 1 1, 2 01 5, Banda Aceh, I ndon esia
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