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CHAPTERI
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Backgroundof theStudy
Manisgregariuoscreature,whichmeansthathe likestolivetogetherwith
otherhumanssinceitishisnature.Everyindividualhastheirowninterestor
needstosatisfy themselvesandthey canachieveitifthey areabletoliveinease
withotherpeoplebecausethey needoneanother.Peacefulnesscanbecreated
amongthemifthey haveagoodcommunication.Eachtimediscussingabout
communication, languageis themostessentialtoolthatwilldeterminewhatkind of
conditiontheywillhave.
Humanisthehighestcreationamong othersandthegoodthingabout
humanishiscreativity.Itisproventhroughthemediatheyapplytotransferevery
ideatheyhaveintheirmindandshareittootherssobetterlifeisnotadream
anymorebutitwillbecomereality.Allthis canbeimplementedunless agood
communication ispartof principle in theirlife. Communication isan activitydone
toexpresseverythingwhichappearswithinhumanmindand togetthereal meaning
ofitsmessage,languageis usedtoexpressordeliverevery ideaso,there
willbenomissunderstandingbetweenspeakerandhearer.“Languageis theability to
acquire and use complex systems ofcommunication, particularly thehuman
abilitytodoso,and alanguageisanyspecificexampleofsucha
system”(https://en.wikipedia.org). Meanwhile, according to Owen (2008:1):
2 andrulegovernedcombinationsofthosesymbols.”Itisobviousnow,language
hasasystem,whichmeansthatithasbeenformulatedandithasapatternof
whichmanhastofollowso,peoplecancomprehendhismessage.Speakingof
language,therearemany elementsin itsothateverywrittenorspokenexpression
conceivesmeaning.Study elaboratesallpartswhichinvolveintheprocessof
languageformation islinguistics.
Everybodyrealizes,wordswillmeannothingifthey ignorethegoverned
combinationlanguageownsbecauseitisthecentralpointofcommunication.As ithas
beenunderstood thatlanguageis likeabridgetoshareinformation thatman
useintheirdaily activity.Towidenthecomprehensionaboutlinguistics,itis
importanttolookwhatlinguist’sdefinition.“Linguisticsis thescienceof language,
including thesounds, words, and grammar
rules”(http://ielanguages.com).Languageisaproductofhumancreativity and
linguistics is afieldtoanalyzeswhatelements aretakenwhenhestarts
communicating.Every elementfoundininteractionthathedoeseveryday is
elucidatedin linguistics subfields.
Pronunciationand compositionofwordsconstitutethefundamentalof
interaction.Pronunciationconcernstoarticulation,intonationwhilecomposition is an
arrangment of words used to deliver meaningful statement, these are subfields of
linguistics talking about. There are seven (7) main topics in linguistics,
namely:Phonetics, Phonogy, Morphology, Syntax, Discourse
Analysis,Pragmatics,and Semantics.Ontheother words,it can bestatedthat language
Relatingtothetitleofthis thesis,thewriterisgoingtogivedetail
explanationofonesubfield,whichissyntax.“Syntax isthestudyoftheprinciples
andprocesses bywhichsentences areconstructed inparticular languages”
Chomsky(1971:45). Sincelanguageisagroupofsentenceswhichmanacquires
fromhisenvironmentandappliesitasconnectingequipmenttobuildagood social
life,writer(speaker) mustbe awareofhissentencesbecausereader (hearer)
willbeconfusedormissunderstoodifheneglectstheprinciplesconstructing a
sentenceandifithappens,themessagewillneverbeexcutedasitisexpected. Thismistake
iscalled grammatical error.
There isaruleorformationin making sentence that mustbefollowed so
thatcommunicationcanrunperfectly,thenameofitsregulationinlanguageis
grammar.Unfortunately,itisnoteasy tomake correctsentencesbasedon
grammar,moreoverit isnothisnative language.Therearepartsofspeechin English,
such as:noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition,
conjunction,interjection, and sometimesnumerical,articleordeterminer
(https://en.wikipedia.org). This speechhas its ownfunction insentenceand there
aremany kindsofsentencepeoplewriteorutterwhenthey dointeraction.Inthis
case,languageusermustrecognizewhatsentencehewouldliketoexpressin
ordertoplaceeachspeechontherightposition,choosetheappropriatewords,
andusecomprehensivesentencetoavoidapplying differentwordsbuthasthe
samemeaning. Even thoughithas beenknownyetEnglish learners stillmake mistakes
4 Basedontheexplanation above,thewriterwill analyzesomegrammatical
errorsfoundinstudentsofEnglishDepartment’s essay.Englishisnotsomething
newforIndonesiastudentsyetitisstilldifficultforsomeofthemtospeakor
writegrammatically.Thisthesiswillconvey whatkindsofgrammaticalerrorare
donebyEnglishDepartment’s Studentsand whatkindsofmistake theydoin their
essaysand the last, what the effectsof it.
1.2. Problemsof theStudy
Question research of thethesisareasfollowed:
1. What are types of grammatical error found in Students of English
Department’sEssay?
2. WhatisthemostdominantofgrammaticalerrorfoundinStudentsof
English Department’sEssay?
3. WhatistheimpactofgrammaticalerrorfoundinStudentsofEnglish
Department’sEssay?
1.3. Objectivesof theStudy
In accordancewithproblems of thestudy,theseareobjectives of thestudy
which aregoingto achieve:
1. TofindoutthetypesofgrammaticalerrorfoundinStudentsofEnglish
Department’sEssay.
2. To find out the mostdominant typeofgrammatical error found in Students of
3. TodescribetheimpactofgrammaticalerrorfoundinStudentsofEnglish
Department’sEssay.
1.4.Scopeof theStudy
Languageiscreatedby humanbecausethey really needitfor
communicating.Togettheaimofcommunicating,therearemany rulesthatmust be
concerned, and this rule is called grammar. Each timeanalyzing about
grammar,itwilltakea long time,so thewriterhasdecided to limit the analysis.
Relatingtothethesis,thewriteronlyspotlightsgrammaticalerrorson:Subject Verb
Agreement, Singular Plural, To Infinitive, Passive Voice, Forms of Adjective,
Redundancy, Preposition, ParallelStructure, andMisplaced Word.
Sinceananalysisneedsanobjectasanalysismaterial,thewriterhaschosen20
students’essayofEnglishDepartment, UniversityofSumateraUtaraasobjectof
thestudy. There arenine typesofgrammatical error as focusof thisthesisbecause
afterselectingandfinallychoosingitasobjectoftheanalysis,thewriterhas found that
mostofthemistakeareonthosenine types.
1.5. Significanceof theStudy
Grammaticalerroristitleofthis analysis.Itcanbesurethatthisisnot something
newforstudents,especially,thestudentsofEnglishDepartmentof
SumateraUtaraUniversity. Thewriter isinterested in analyzing thistopicbecause
many ofstudentswholearnoruseEnglishastheirsecondlanguagestillmakethe
6 itwillhelpEnglishlearnerstounderstandmoreandmay applytherightgrammar when
