- r TERHADAP TINGKAT PENDAPATAN DAN DISTRISUSINYA

BAMBAK PROYEK

PER

SOSlAL

-

r

TERHADAP TINGKAT PENDAPATAN

DAN

DISTRISUSINYA

SERTA TINGKAT KEMISKINAN PETAM PESERTA

PROYEK

( Studi Kasus di

RPH Bantoran, KPH Banyumar Bsrat

Perum Perhutani

Unit

I

Jawa Tengah )

Oleh

ALUSDIN

SMT

SINAGA

A

21

0548

JURUSAN ILMU

-

ILMU

SOSXAL EKONOMI P B R T A N I A H

PROGRAM STUD1 EKONOMI PERTANlAN DAN SUMBBRDAYA

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

RINGKASAN

ALUSDIN S.M.T. SINAGA. Dampak P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n Sosial

T e r h a d a p T i n g k a t P e n d a p a t a n d a n D i

s t r i

b u s i n y a

s e r t a

T i n g k a t K e m i s k i n a n P e t a n i P e s e r t a P r o y e k . S t u d i K a s u s d i RPH B a n t e r a n , KPH Banyumas B a r a t , P e r u m P e r h u t a n i

U n i t

I Jawa T e n g a h

.

L a p o r a n P e n e l i

t i

a n / P r a k t e k L a p a n g . 1 9 9 0 . D i bawah b i m b i n g a n

D r .

I r .

B u n a s b r S a n i m , MSc d a n D r .

I r .

B u n g a r a n S a r a g i h , MEc.

Kerawanan

s o s i a l e k o n o m i m a s y a r a k a t s e k i t a r k a w a s a n h u t a n y a n g d i c i r i k a n o l e h : p e r n i l i k a n l a h a n y a n g

r e l a t i f

s e m p i t , t i n g k a t p e n d a p a t a n y a n g r e l a t i f r e n d a h , d i s t r i b u s i p e m i l i k a n l a h a n d a n d i s t r i b u s i p e n d a p a t a r r y a n g r e l a t i f t i m p a n g ,

s e r t a

k e m i s k i n a n y a n g k r o n i s s e r i n g k a l i m e n i m b u l k a n g a n g g u a n - g a n g g u a n t e r h a d a p h u t a n b a i k d i b i d a n g r e b o i s a s i , p r o d u k s i , m a u p u n k e a m a n a n . S e h i n g g a k e l e s t a r i a n h u t a n k h u s u s n y a , d a n k e l e s t a r i a n l i n g k u n g a n umumnya, s e m a k i n t e r a n c a r n p a d a k o n d i s i y a n g l e b i h b u r u k . Untilk r n e n y a t a s i h a 1 t e r s e b u t m a k a p e m e r i n t a h m e l a l u i P e r u m P e r h u t a n i m e n c o b a m e n e r a p k a n p r o g r a m y a n g d i s e b u t d e n g a n P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l ( S o c i a l F o r e s t r y P r o . i e c t

I .

P a d a d a s a r n y a P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l a d a l a h m e n g u p a y a k a n s e r n a k s i m a l m u n g k i n a g a r f u n g s i - f u n g s i ; ( i ) s u m b e r d a y a h u t a n , ( i i ) s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a , d a n ( i i i ) k e s e i m b a n g a n l i n g k u n g a n , d a p a t m e n y e d i a k a n l a p a n g a n k e r j a

s e r t a

m e r n a n f a a t k a n h u t a n s e o p t i m a l m u n g k i n . S e h '

d a l a m j a n g k a p a n j a n g t e r c i p t a s u a t u k e h a r m o n i s a n " h u b u n g a n k e t e r g a n t u n g a n " y a n g s a l i n g m e n g u n t u n g l i a n a n t a r a m a s g a r a l c a t s e l t i t a r l t a w a s a n h u t a n d e n g a n a l a m h u t a n , b a i l t d a r i s e g i e l t o l o g i maupun e l t o n o m i . P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e l i h a t b a g a i m n n a p e n g a r u h d n r i P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l t e r h a d a p t i n g l t a t p e n d a p s t a n d a n d i s t r i b u s i n y a s e r t a t i n g l c a t I r e m i s k i n a n r u m a h t a n g g a p e s a n g g e m . P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k s a n a k a n s e l a m a 3 b u l a n ( a k h i r J u l i 1 9 8 9 s / d a k h i r O k t o b e r 1 9 8 9 ) d i D e s a D a r m a k r a d e n a n , K e c a m a t a n A j i b a r a n g

,

K a b u p a t e n B a n y u m a s , J a w a T e n g a h . D a t a y a n g d i k u m p u l k a n b e r u p a d a t a p r i m e r s e b a g a i h a s i l w a w a n c a r a d e n g a n r e s p o n d e n d a n d a t a s e k u n d e r d a r i i n s t a n s i t e r k a i t m e l i p u t i ; P e r h u t a n i d a n Pemda s e t e m p a t . R e s p o n d e n d i t e n t u k a n d e n g a n s e n s u s p e n u l ? a t a u s e l u r u h r u m a h t a n g g n p e s e r t a p r o y e i t s e b a y a l c 5 3 : . u r n ~ ~ l > t a n g g a . B e r d a s a r k a n l u a s p e n i i l i k a n l a h a n S ~ V R ~r u m a h t n n z g a , d i l t l a s i f i l t a s i l c n n m e n j a d i 1 s t r a t a ; 1 1 ) s t r a t u m I ( t i d a k m e m i l i k i l a h a n a t a u t u n a k i s m a , ( 2 ) s t r a t u m I 1 l l u a s l a h a n 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 2 4 H a ) , ( 3 ) s t r a t u m I11 ( 0 . 2 5 - 0 . 4 9 H a ) d a n s t r a t u m I V l e b i h d a r i 0 . 5 0 H a ) . Data d i a n a l i s i s d e n g a n m e t o d a d e s k r i f t i f / t a b u l a s i d a n l t u a n t i t a t i f / m a t e m a t i k d e n g a n a l n t b a n t u c a l c i ~ l a t o r C n s i o f x - 3 6 0 0 s e r t a c o m p u t e r IBS M u l t i D i s p l a y . H a s i l p e r h i t u n g a n m e n u n . j t ~ l i l t a n b a h w n t i n g l i n t p e n d a p a t a n r a t a - r a t s rumah t a n g g a s t r a t u m I p a d s l r o n d i s i

" T a n p a M e m p e r h i t u n g k a n P e n d a p a t a n d a r i P r o y e k " ( T M P P ) a d a l a h s e b e s a r Rp 6 7 6 5 5 3 p e r r u m a h t a n g g a p e r t a h u n , s e d a n g k a n p a d a k o n d i s i " D e n g a n M e m p e r h i t u n g k a n P e n d a p a t a n d a r i P r o y e k 0 (DMPP) s e b e s a r Rp 8 3 7 4 6 9 p e r rumah t a n g g a p e r t a h u n . P e n d a p a t a n p e r k a p i t a p e r h a r i ( d e n g a n a n g g a p a n s e t a h u n

=

360 h a r i ) a d a l a h Rp 4 8 1 ( k o n d i s i TMPP) d a n Rp 5 9 6 ( k o n d i s i DMPP). K e g i a t a n b u r u h b a t u merupalcan p e n y u m b a n g t e r b e s a r ( 6 9 % ) t e r h a d a p t o t a l p e n d a p a t a n , d i i k u t i o l e h P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l ( 1 9 . 2 % ) , t e r n a l c ( 6 . 8 % ) , d a n d a g a n g ( 4 . 8 % ) . T i n g k a t p e n d a p a t a n r a t a - r a t a r u m a h t a n g g a p a d a s t r a t u m

I1

p a d a l c o n d i s i "TMPP" a d a l a h s e b e s a r Rp 578 5 1 0 p e r r u m a h t a n g g a p e r t a h u n a t a u Rp 4 4 6 p e r k a p i t a p e r h a r i , s e d a n g k a n p a d a k o n d i s i "DMPP" a d a l a h s e b e s a r Rp 7 3 3 4 7 2 p e r rumah t a n g g a p e r t a h u n a t a u Rp 5 6 6 p e r k a p i t a p e r h a r i ( k o n d i s i DMPP). Penyumbang t e r b e s a r t e r h a d a p t o t a l p e n d a p a t a n a d a l a h t e r n a k 2 % d i i k u t i o l e h ; P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l ( 2 0 % ) , b u r u h b a t u ( 2 0 % ) , ltebun ( 1 7 % ) , s a w a h ( 1 6 % ) , d a n d a g a n g ( 1 0 % ) T i n g k a t p e n d a p a t a n r a t a - r a t a r u m a h t a n g g a p a d a s t r a t u m I 1 1 p a d a k o n d i s i "TMPP" a d a l a h s e b e s a r Rp 5 8 1 4 5 0 p e r r u m a h t a n g g a p e r t a h u n a t a u R p 3 3 6 p e r k a p i t a p e r ka-ri,sedatlgk & 1 t p a d a 4 - 0 m t i k s i - - ' B M ~ d 8 1 ~ s e b e e e s a a r r R ~ 7 5 0 p e r rumah t a n g g a p e r t a h u n a t a u Rp 4 0 8 p e r k a p i t a p e r h a r i . P e n y u m b a n g t e r b e s a r t e r h a d a p t o t a l p e n d a p a t a n a d a l a h b u r u h b a t u ( 3 4 % ) , d i i l c u t i o l e h ; k e b u n ( 1 8 . 5 % ) ,

s a w a h ( 1 8 . 2 % ) , P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l ( 1 7 6 % d a n t e r n a k ( 1 1 . 7 % ) . T i n g k a t p e n d a p a t a n r a t a - r a t a rumah t a n g g a s t r a t u m I V p a d a k o n d i s i "TMPP" a d a l a h s e b e s a r Rp 1 0 1 1 2 5 0 p e r rumah t a n g g a p e r t a h u n a t a u R p 5 1 0 p e r k a p i t a p e r h a r i , s e d a n g k a n p a d a l c o n d i s i "DMPP" a d a l a h s e b e s a r Rp 1 1 2 5 738 p e r r u m a h t a n g g a p e r t a h u n a t a u Rp 5 6 8 p e r k a p i t a p e r h a r i . P e n y u m b a n g t e r b e s a r t e r h a d a p t o t a l p e n d a p a t a n a d a l a h k e b u n ( 4 1 . 7 % ) , d i i k u t i o l e h ; s a w a h ( 3 5 . 7 % ) , t e r n a k ( 1 2 . 4 % ) , d a n P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l ( 1 0 . 2 % ) . D e n g a n i n d i k a t o r G i n i R a t i o d i p e r o l e h h a s i l b a h w a d i s t r i b u s i p e n d a p a t a n p a d a l r o n d i s i "DMPP" l e b i h b a i k d i b a n d i n g p a d a l c o n d i s i " T M P P " m a s i n g - m a s i n g d e n g a n p e r b a n d i n g a n a n g k a g i n i r a t i o 0 . 3 5 d a n 0 . 3 8 . Bailc l c o n d i s i "DMPP" maupun "TMPP" C e r g o l o n g d a l a m k e t i m p a n g a n s e d a n g . P a d a p e m i l i k a n l a h a n , t e r j a d i p o l a r i s a s i , d i m a n a 2 r u m a h t a n g g a ( 4 % d a r i t o t a l r u m a h t a n g g a ) m e m i l i l c i l a h a n 1 . 3 3 H a ( 2 5 % d a r i t o t a l l u a s l a h a n ) , 5 r u m a h t a n g g a ( 9 % ) m e m i l i k i l a h a n 1 . 2 5 H a 1 2 4 % ) , 2 9 r u m a h t a n g g a ( 5 5 % ) m e m i l i k i l a h a n 2 . 6 5 H a ( 5 1 % ) . S e d a n g k a n r u m a h t a n g g a y a n g t i d a k m e m i l i k i l a h a n ( t u n a k i s m a ) a d a s e b a n y a ~ 1 7 r u m a h t a n g g a ( 3 2 % ) . Dengan i n d i l c a t o r G i n i r a t i o d i p e r o l e h a n g k a a i n i L s e b e s ~ O 5 ~ e a u r u - t k r i i t ; e ~ i a - O s h h i i m 9 ( - ~ 9 - ~ - t ~ ~ u

k-

d a l a m l c e t i m p a n g a n b e r a t . K e h a d i r a n P r o y e k P e r h u t a n a n S o s i a l t e r n y a t a mampu m e n i n g k a t k a n l c e s e j a h t e r a a n p e s e r t a p r o y e k . P a d a k o n d i s i