AN ANALYSIS OF NON-
LITERAL MEANING IN “THE PEARL”
BY JOHN STEINBECK
A THESIS
BY
RUTH SURANTA SIPAYUNG
REG. NO. 110721015
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
AN ANALYSIS OF NON-
LITERAL MEANING IN “THE PEARL”
BY JOHN STEINBECK
A THESIS
BY
RUTH SURANTA SIPAYUNG
REG. NO. 110721015
Supervisor Co-supervisor
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19570626 198303 2 001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Literature
Approved by the English Department of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for the
Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head
Secretary
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the English Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies,
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held at the Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera
Utara on August 13th, 2013.
The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. ...
Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum. ...
Dr. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum. ...
Dr. Nilzami, M.Hum. ...
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Praise to The Lord Jesus Christ for His tender mercy that the writer finally
completed this thesis writing. The thesis is aimed at fulfilling one of the requirements
for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the English Department, Faculty of Cultural
Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
During the process of finishing this thesis, the writer realizes that she got
Nurlela, M.Hum as the Secretary of English Departement for encouragements,
suggestions and administrative help during her academic years at University. Then,
gratitude also goes to all lecturers of English Department for their valuable
instructions and information.
Greatest thanks are fully dedicated to her dearest parents, her Dad Drs.
Markus Sipayung, M.Si and her Mom Suarni Barus, who have patiently given
moral, spiritual and financial support, everlasting love and their prayers, together
with her beloved sisters : Fiska Marni Sipayung, SE and Anna Elyruspika
Sipayung, SS, S.Pd her little brother Paul Yogaondo Sipayung, her brother-in-law
Wira Dony Gultom, ST and her beloved nephew Giovandro Timothy Gultom for
all unending support and prayer.
Thanks with deep feeling are dedicated to all my friends Extension English
will be remembered forever. God bless.
Medan, August 2013
The Writer
RUTH SURANTA SIPAYUNG
AUTHOR
’S
DECLARATION
I , RUTH SURANTA SIPAYUNG declare that I am the sole author of this thesis.
Except where reference is made in the text of this thesis. This thesis contains no
material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I
have qualified for or awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main
text of the thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of another degree
in any tertiary education.
Signed :
Date : August 2013
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
Name : RUTH SURANTA SIPAYUNG
Title of Thesis : An Analysis of Non-Literal Meaning in “The Pearl” by
John Steinbeck
Qualification : S-I / Sarjana Sastra
Department : English
I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the discretion of
the Librarian of English Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of
Sumatera Utara on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation
under law of the Republic of Indonesia.
Signed :
Date : August 2013
ABSTRAK
Skripsi berjudul “An Analysis of Non-Literal Meaning in ‘The Pearl’ by John Steinbeck” membahas tentang makna non-literal yang mencakup hiperbola, metafora, simile, litotes, personifikasi, dan ironi yang terdapat di dalam kalimat dan ujaran novel The Pearl. Tujuan dari penulisan skripsi ini adalah menganalisis penggunaan makna non-literal yang terdapat di dalam novel The Pearl berdasarkan teori semantik dari beberapa ahli seperti F. R. Palmer (1981) dan John I. Seed (1997). Metode yang dipakai dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif, yaitu dengan cara memecahkan masalah penelitian dengan memaparkan keadaan objek yang sedang diselidiki dengan menggunakan formula yang telah ditentukan.
Dari analisis data ditemukan 40 makna non-literal dalam novel The Pearl, yang terdiri dari 9 hiperbola (22,5%), 16 metafora (40%), 7 simile (17,5%), 7 personifikasi (17,5%), 1 ironi (2,5%). Sedangkan litotes tidak ditemukan di dalam novel The Pearl.
ABSTRACT
The title of thesis "An Analysis of Non-Literal Meaning in 'The Pearl' by John Steinbeck" discusses about non-literal meaning which is including hyperbole, metaphor, simile, litotes, personification, and irony are contained sentences and utterances in novel The Pearl. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the use of non-literal meaning contained in novel The Pearl by semantic theory of some experts like F. R. Palmer (1981) and John I. Seed (1997). The method used in this thesis is qualitative and quantitative methods, that is by solving the research problem by describing the state of the object being investigated by using a predetermined formula.
After analyzing data, there is 40 non-literal meaning found in the novel The Pearl, which consists of 9 hyperbole (22,5%), 16 metaphor (40%), 7 simile (17,5%), 7 personification (17,5% ), 1 irony (2,5%). While litotes is not found in novel The Pearl.
4.2.3 Simile... 30
4.2.4 Litotes... 32
4.2.5 Personification... 33
4.2.6 Irony... 35
4.3 The Frequency... 36
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion... 37
5.2 Suggestion... 37
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
