SPECIES CRITERIA
SPECIES CRITERIA
ANI MARDIASTUTI
ANI MARDIASTUTI
DEPARTMENT OF FOREST CONSERVATION
DEPARTMENT OF FOREST CONSERVATION
FACULTY OF FORESTRY
FACULTY OF FORESTRY
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
P e lu a n g u n tu k T e ta p L e s ta ri ( % ) P e lu a n g u n tu k T e ta p L e s ta ri ( % ) 100 100 Kritis Kritis Memiliki peluang Memiliki peluang untuk punah > 50% untuk punah > 50% dalam kurung waktu dalam kurung waktu 5 tahun 5 tahun Genting Genting Memiliki peluang Memiliki peluang untuk punah > 20% untuk punah > 20% dalam kurun waktu dalam kurun waktu 20 tahun 20 tahun Rentan Rentan Memiliki peluang Memiliki peluang untuk punah > 10% untuk punah > 10% dalam kurun waktu dalam kurun waktu 100 tahun 100 tahun P e lu a n g u n tu k T e ta p L e s ta ri ( % ) P e lu a n g u n tu k T e ta p L e s ta ri ( % ) 0 0 100100
Besarnya Peluang Suatu Jenis Untuk Punah Besarnya Peluang Suatu Jenis Untuk Punah Berdasarkan Kategori Ancaman Menurut IUCN Berdasarkan Kategori Ancaman Menurut IUCN
Tahun Tahun
A: Penurunan tajam
B: Daerah sebaran yang sempit
+ terbagi-bagi, luasnya
menurun atau berfluktuasi
Hubungan Antara Kriteria Dengan Kategori
Hubungan Antara Kriteria Dengan Kategori
Terancam Punah
Terancam Punah
Kritis
D2: Daerah sebaran sangat kecil
menurun atau berfluktuasi
C: Populasi kecil + Ketentuan
menurun
yang berbeda
D1: Populasi yang sangat kecil
E: Kemungkinan Punah
Genting
Definisi Usulan Kriteria IUCN (Mace & Stuart 1994)
Definisi Usulan Kriteria IUCN (Mace & Stuart 1994)
1. Punah (Extinct): jika tak ada keraguan lagi bahwa individu
terakhir elah mati.
2. Punah di Alam (Extinct in The Wild): jika dengan pasti
diketahui bahwa takson tersebut hanya hidup di
penangkaran, atau hidup di alam sebagai hasil pelepasan
kembali di luar daerah sebaran aslinya.
3. Kritis (Critically Endangered): jika taxon tersebut
3. Kritis (Critically Endangered): jika taxon tersebut
menghadapi resiko kepunahan sangat tinggi di alam
4. Genting (Endangered): jika axon tersebut mengahadapi
resiko kepunahan sangat tinggi di alam dalam waktu dekat.
5. Rentan (Vulnerable): jika taxon tersebut tidak termasuk
kategori kritis atau genting tetapi menghadapi resiko
kepunahan tinggi di alam.
Definisi Usulan Kriteria IUCN (Mace & Stuart 1994) Definisi Usulan Kriteria IUCN (Mace & Stuart 1994) (continue)
(continue)
6. Keberadaannya Tergantung Aksi Konservasi (Conservation
Dependent): taxon harus merupakan fokus dari program
konservasi jenis atau habitat secara langsung mempengaruhi taxon tersebut.
7. Resiko Rendah (Low Risk):
- taxon yang nyaris memenuhi syarat untuk dikatakan terancam punah (near threatened)
punah (near threatened)
- taxon yang tidak begitu menarik perhatian
- taxon dengan populasi yang besar tetapi memiliki peluang yang sangat kecil untuk punah dimasa depan.
8. Kurang Data (Data Deficient): jika informasi yang diperlukan baik langsung ataupun tak langsung untuk menelaah resiko
kepunahan idak memadai.
9. Tidak Dievaluasi (Not Evaluated): jika taxon tersebut tidak dinilai berdasarkan kriteria yang telah disebutkan.
Batasan Kategori Terancam Punah dari IUCN
Batasan Kategori Terancam Punah dari IUCN
Kriteria Kritis Genting Rentan A Penurunan Tajam > 80% selama 10 tahun
atau 3 generasi
> 50% selama 10 tahun atau 3 generasi
> 50% selama 20 tahun atau 5 generasi B Daerah Sebaran
Yang Sempit
Luas daerah sebaran < 100 km2. Luas daerah yang ditempati < 10 km2
Luas daerah sebaran < 5.000 km2. Luas daerah yang ditempati < 500 km2.
Luas daerah sebaran < 20.000 km2. Luas daerah yang ditempati < 2.000 km2
C Populasi Kecil < 250 individu dewasa < 2.500 individu < 10.000 individu C Populasi Kecil < 250 individu dewasa < 2.500 individu
dewasa
< 10.000 individu dewasa
D1 Populasi Sangat Kecil
< 50 individu dewasa < 250 individu dewasa < 1.000 individu dewasa D2 Daerah Sebaran Sangat Kecil - - < 100 km2 atau 5 lokasi E Kemungkinan Punah
Memiliki peluang untuk punah > 50% dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun
Memiliki peluang untuk punah > 20% dalam kurun waktu 20 tahun
Memiliki peluang untuk punah 10% dalam kurun waktu 100 tahun
Kritis Genting Rentan Tergantung Aksi Konservasi Tidak Terancam Terancam Punah Punah Punah Punah di Alam SEMUA SEMUA JENIS JENIS Mendekati Terancam Punah
Bukan Jenis yang Diperhatikan Melimpah Tidak Dievaluasi Kurang Data Tidak Terancam Punah Resiko Rendah
CITES Resolution Conference 9.24 Regarding
CITES Resolution Conference 9.24 Regarding
Criteria for Amandement of Appendices
Criteria for Amandement of Appendices
Annex 1 Annex 1
Biological criteria for Appendix 1 Biological criteria for Appendix 1
A species is considered to be threatened with extinction if it meets,
A species is considered to be threatened with extinction if it meets, at least at least one
one of the following criteria. of the following criteria.
A
A. The wild population is small, and is characterized by . The wild population is small, and is characterized by at least oneat least one of of the following:
the following:
i) an observed, inferred or projected decline in the number of i) an observed, inferred or projected decline in the number of i) an observed, inferred or projected decline in the number of i) an observed, inferred or projected decline in the number of
individuals or the area and quality of habitat; or individuals or the area and quality of habitat; or ii) each sub
ii) each sub--population being very small; orpopulation being very small; or
iii) a majority of individuals, during one or more life
iii) a majority of individuals, during one or more life--history phases, history phases, being concentrated in the one sub
being concentrated in the one sub--population; orpopulation; or iv) large short
iv) large short--term fluctuations in he number of individuals; orterm fluctuations in he number of individuals; or v) a high vulnerability due to the species’s biology or behavior v) a high vulnerability due to the species’s biology or behavior
(including migration). (including migration).
CITES Criteria for Appendices (continue) CITES Criteria for Appendices (continue)
B.
B. The wild population has arestricted area of distribution and is The wild population has arestricted area of distribution and is characterized by
characterized by at least oneat least one of the following:of the following:
i ) fragmentation or occurrence at very few locaions; or i ) fragmentation or occurrence at very few locaions; or
ii) large fluctuations in the area of distribution or the number of sub ii) large fluctuations in the area of distribution or the number of
sub--populations; or populations; or
iii) a high vulnerability due to the species’s biology or behavior iii) a high vulnerability due to the species’s biology or behavior
(including migration); or (including migration); or
iv) an observed, inffered or projected decrease in any one of the iv) an observed, inffered or projected decrease in any one of the iv) an observed, inffered or projected decrease in any one of the iv) an observed, inffered or projected decrease in any one of the
following: following:
-- the area of distribution; orthe area of distribution; or
-- the number of subthe number of sub--populations; orpopulations; or -- the number of individuals; orthe number of individuals; or
-- the area or quality habitat; orthe area or quality habitat; or -- reproductive potential.reproductive potential.
CITES Criteria for Appendices (continue) CITES Criteria for Appendices (continue)
C.
C. A decline in the number of individuals in the wild, which has been A decline in the number of individuals in the wild, which has been either:either: i ) observed as ongoing or as having occurred in the past (but with a i ) observed as ongoing or as having occurred in the past (but with a
potential to resume); or potential to resume); or
ii) inferred or projected on the basis of any one of the following: ii) inferred or projected on the basis of any one of the following:
-- a decrease in area or quality of habitat; ora decrease in area or quality of habitat; or -- levels or patterns of exploitation; orlevels or patterns of exploitation; or
-- threats from extrinsic factors such as the effects of pathogens, threats from extrinsic factors such as the effects of pathogens, -- threats from extrinsic factors such as the effects of pathogens, threats from extrinsic factors such as the effects of pathogens,
competitors, parasites, predators, hybridization, introduced species competitors, parasites, predators, hybridization, introduced species and the effect of toxin and pollutants; or
and the effect of toxin and pollutants; or -- decreasing reproductive potentialdecreasing reproductive potential
D. The status of the species is such that if the species is not included in D. The status of the species is such that if the species is not included in
Appendix I, it is likely to satisfy one or more of he above criteria within Appendix I, it is likely to satisfy one or more of he above criteria within a period of five years.
CITES Criteria for Appendices (continue) CITES Criteria for Appendices (continue) Annex 2 a Annex 2 a
Criteria for the inclusion of species in Appendix II in accordance with Criteria for the inclusion of species in Appendix II in accordance with
Article II, paragraph 2 (a) Article II, paragraph 2 (a)
A species should be included in Appendix II when either of the following A species should be included in Appendix II when either of the following
criteria is met. criteria is met.
A
A. It is known, inferred or projected that unless trade in the species is . It is known, inferred or projected that unless trade in the species is
A
A. It is known, inferred or projected that unless trade in the species is . It is known, inferred or projected that unless trade in the species is subject to strict regulation, it will meet at least one of the criteria listed subject to strict regulation, it will meet at least one of the criteria listed in Annex 1 in the near future.
in Annex 1 in the near future.
B.
B. It is known, inferred or projected that the harvesting of specimens from It is known, inferred or projected that the harvesting of specimens from the wild for international trade has, or may have, a detrimental impact the wild for international trade has, or may have, a detrimental impact on the species by
on the species by either:either:
i ) exceeding, over an extended period, the level that can be continued i ) exceeding, over an extended period, the level that can be continued
in perpetuity; or in perpetuity; or
ii) reducing it to a population level at which its survival would be ii) reducing it to a population level at which its survival would be
threatened by other influences. threatened by other influences.
CITES Criteria for Appendices (continue) CITES Criteria for Appendices (continue)
Annex 2 b Annex 2 b
Criteria for ithe inclusion of species in Appendix II in accordance with Criteria for ithe inclusion of species in Appendix II in accordance with
Article II, paragraph 2 (b) Article II, paragraph 2 (b)
Species should be included in Appendix II in accordance with Article II, Species should be included in Appendix II in accordance with Article II,
paragraph 2 (b), if they satisfy
paragraph 2 (b), if they satisfy oneone of the following criteria.of the following criteria.
A.
A. The specimens resemble specimens of a species included in Appendix The specimens resemble specimens of a species included in Appendix II under the provisions of Article II, paragraph 2 (a), or in Appendix I, II under the provisions of Article II, paragraph 2 (a), or in Appendix I, such
such that a nonthat a non--expert, with reasonable effort, is unlikely to be expert, with reasonable effort, is unlikely to be able to distinguish between them.
able to distinguish between them.
B.
B. The species is a member of a taxon of which most of the species are The species is a member of a taxon of which most of the species are included in Appendix II under the provisions of Article II, paragraph 2 included in Appendix II under the provisions of Article II, paragraph 2 (a), or in Appendix I, and he remaining species must be included to (a), or in Appendix I, and he remaining species must be included to bring trade in specimens of the others under effective control.
