Proceeding | Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia

PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

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PROCEEDING

Editor

M. Guntur Hamzah,

Muhidin, Wiryanto, Karl Millsom

Layouter

Imbang Rahardja, Mohamad Adi Rusiadi

Transcriptor

Rudy Heryanto, Muchtar Hadi Saputra ,

Amriansyah Maulana

THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC INDONESIA

Jl. Medan Merdeka Barat No.6 Jakarta Pusat 10110, Fax: 021-3520177

PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. VERBATIM OF THE 3rd _{CONGRESS ... 1}

OPENING

Welcoming remarks Governor of Province Bali of Indonesia,

I Made Mangku Pastika ... 1

Remarks by Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia Arief Hidayat ... 2

Opening Speech by President of the Republic of Indonesia

Joko Widodo ... 6

Presentation from former president of the AACC,

Mr. Lee, Kang-Kook ... 7

Presentation from president of Venice Commiddion

Mr. Gianni Buquicchio ... 9

1. Session one:

Mechanism for Promotion and Protection of Citizen’

Constitutional Rights: Diferent Perspectives from Countries ... 11

2. Session two:

The Role of Constitutional Courts and Equivalent Institutions in Promoting and Protecting Citizen’s Constitutional Rights

through Their Landmark Decisions ... 34

3. Session three

Current Challenges and Future Direction for Strengthening

Promotion and Protection of Citizen’s Constitutional Rights ... 56

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+ .!(%6! 0$! )!$*%/) * )+*# 0$!"%!( +" ,+3!. %* * +*!/% *

PROCEEDING */0%010%+*/J(!/!#%2!3.)3!(+)!0+ %/4!((!*5G.J+'+% + +J

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

8

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PROCEEDING

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0$! ,!.)*!*0 /!.!0.%0 +" 0$! //+%0%+*G3$%$ %0 $/ !!* 1* !. %/1//%+*

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0 %/ +2!. 0$! % !(/ +" 0$! +*/0%010%+* * 0$! +*/0%010%+*( ! 10%+*G *+0 +*(5 !03!!* +*/0%010%+*( %*/0%010%+* %* /% %*(1 %*# )!)!./ /00!/ 10 (/+ )+*# +*/0%010%+*( %*/0%010%+*/ .+// 0$! 3+.( /G ".!! +) * 0$! $1)* .%#$0/G * 0$! !-1(%05* 0$!&1/0%!+"/%*/$((!#1.*0!! 0+#.!0!40!*0J1.0$!.)+.!G$! 3%((!(!0+)'!#.!0!.+*0.%10%+*0+0$! !2!(+,)!*0+" !)+.5* 0$! .1(!+"(3%*/%* 0$!3+.( /3$+(!J* +. %*#(5G3!$2!0$!0.1/0* 0$! $+,!+"0$!,!+,(!%*/%* 0$!3+.( J/0(5G%+*!#%*3+1( (%'!0+!4,.!//)5 /%*!.! ,,.!%0%+* 0+ $%!" &1/0%! .%!" % 50 * !2!.5+*! !(/! +" 0$! +*/0%010%+*(+1.0+"* +*!/%"+.0$!/1!//"1($+/0%*#+"0$!ž. +*#.!//%*0$%/ !10%"1(%/(* +"(%* "+.0$!%.$. 3+.'* 0$!%.3.)0$3!(+)!J0.1(5$+,! 0$! ".%!* /$%, * 0$! .!(0%+*/$%, /0.0! ".+) 0$%/ !2!*0 (( 3%(( ! !10%"1( *

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+*+.(!$%!"1/0%!+"0$!+*/0%010%+*(+1.0+"0$!!,1(%+"* +*!/%* 0$! .!/% !*0 +" 0$! //+%0%+* +" /%* +*/0%010%+*( +1.0/G $+*+.(! ,.!/% !*0/ * &1 #!/G %!/* !*0(!)!*J0%/,.%2%(!#!* 0$!,(!/1.!0+0'!,.0%*0$!ž. +*#.!// +" 0$! //+%0%+* +" 0$! /%* +*/0%010%+*( +1.0/ * -1%2(!*0 */0%010%+*J%* (5$+/0! 50$!+*/0%010%+*(+1.0+"0$!!,1(%+"* +*!/%%*0$%/ )#%(,(!+"0$!1/1J!"+.!3!!).'+*0+ 5—/0+,%G3+1( (%'!0+.%!"(5 /,!' 0+ 5+1 +10 0$! !*%! +))%//%+* * %0/ .!(0%+*/$%, 3%0$ +*/0%010%+*( +1.0/* +1.0/+"-1%2(!*01.%/ %0%+*J!*%!+))%//%+*%/* 2%/+.5+ 5+" 0$!+1*%(+"1.+,!%*0$!"%!( +"+*/0%010%+*(3J$%(!%0P/)%*0%20!/!*0!.

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

10

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PROCEEDING 1* !./0++ /+*/0%010%+*(.!2%!30$0%*(1 !$1)*.%#$0//!(3/'!5!(!)!*0 "+. !)+.5G0$!,.+0!0%+*+"$1)*.%#$0/G* .1(!+"(3J$!*0$!/0010!+"0$! +.( +*"!.!*! 3/ +,0! %* ›œœG 0$! /%* +*/0%010%+*( +1.0/ %))! %0!(5 !)!+*!+"%0/"+1* %*#.!#%+*(#.+1,G0$!ž. +*#.!//+"0$!+.( +*"!.!*! 3/ 2!.5 /1!//"1( !2!*0 $+/0! 5 0$! +*/0%010%+*( +1.0 +" +.!G %* !+1( %* !)+.0%/00!/! +*.1(!+"(3G* #+2!.**!#+2!.*! 50$!,.%*%,(!+"0$! /!,.0%+*+",+3!./J$!!*%!+))%//%+*/ +,0%+*%* !(.0%+*G.$+"0$%/ 5!.G"+((+3%*#/!2!.(/!/+"1* 1!%*0!."!.!*!%*0$!3+.( +"+*/0%010%+*(+1.0/G %*%0/)!)!./00!/!4,.!//%*#+*!.*+"+0$!./00!+"""%./J!$2!0+.!)!)!. 0$0 3$!* +0$!. /00! + %!/ ,1(%(5 00'+*/0%010%+*(+1.0/G 0$%/ %*/0%010%+*—/ %* !,!* !*!* *!10.(%05%/,100.%/'J+*/0%010%+*(1/0%!%/'!5+),+*!*0+" 0$! $!' * (*!/ +" +*/0%010%+*( !)+.5J$! !*%! +))%//%+* +* 0$!

,.+0!0%+*3//1,,+.0! 50$!3+.( +*"!.!*!%*%0/+3*+))1*%-1! +,0! %0/ ž. +*#.!// $+/0! 5 +*/0%010%+*( +1.0 +" !,1(% +" +.!J %2!* 0$!$!0!.+#!*!%05+"/%J$!!/0(%/$)!*0+"/1$+1.0**+0! 2*! /* !""+.0 "+. 0%)! !%*#J !2!.0$!(!//G (%'!L)%* ! +1*0.%!/ 3$%$ .! %*0!.!,0 %* !""!0%2!,.+0!0%+*+"$1)*.%#$0/3+1( &+%*%*/1$*!* !2+.J +*+.(!1/0%!G %!/ * !*0(!)!*G 3+1( (%'! 0+ $* 5 3%/$%*# 5+1 2!.5 ".1%0"1( %(+# *

$*'5+12!.5)1$0+0$! +*+.(!.>%**%1-1%$%+G.!/% !*0+"0$!!*%!

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

12

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,.+)+0%+* +" +*/0%010%+*( .%#$0/J * 0!..+.%/) ""!0/ +*/0%010%+*( .%#$0/J !#0%2!(5G%*03+35/J%./0G%0,+//!//!/#.!0 *#!.0+,.+0!0%+** ,.+)+0%+* +".%#$0/52%+(0%*#0$!/%.%#$0/+"%* %2% 1(G(%'!.%#$00+(%2!G* 1)JJJ.%#$00+ ,.+,!.05J / 3! (( '*+3 0!..+.%/0P/ 0%2%0%!/ 0$.+1#$+10 0$! 3+.( .!/1(0/G .!/1(0 %*

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/00!/+"!)!.#!*5%* !)+.0%+1*0.%!//1$/.*!* )+.!.!!*0(51.'!5J * +*/0%010%+*( .%#$0/ .! )+.! .!/0.%0! %*0%)!/ +" !)!.#!*5 0$* %* 0%)!/ +" *+.)(5J*0$%/+/%+*G— (%'!0+/0.+*#(5+* !)*0$!.!!*00!..+.%/000'/0$0 0++',(!%*1.'!5+*0$!œ 0$* œ¡0$+"1(5J* /0$!.!/1(0+"0$%//!.%+1/* $!*%+1/0!..+.%/000'/G+10 ›%**+!*0,!+,(!%*(1 %*#%2%(%*/LL01((5)+/0 +"0$!)3!.!%2%(%*/LL %! * )+.!0$0›››,!+,(!3!.!%*&1.! J3*00+!4,.!// )5 !!,/ *!//* /+..+3"+.0$+/!3$+3!.!'%((! 50$!"%(! .1!(,!.,!0.0+./J 5(($$2!)!.5+*0$!%./+1(/J

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+" 0$%/ /!//%+*G 3$%$ %/ — *'%',!'& & *',,!'& ' ! ,+ *'- !*&,

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PROCEEDING

%* %2% 1(J!1/!.%#$0/* (%!.05.!*+0.!/0.%0! 0+%0%6!*/+*(5J/5+1(('*+3

%* 0+ 5P/ (3G 0!..+.%/) .!)%*/ 0$! )+/0"+.)% (!0$.!0/ 0+ 0$! ,.+0!0%+* *

,.+)+0%+* +" +*/0%010%+*( .%#$0/J * 0!..+.%/) ""!0/ +*/0%010%+*( .%#$0/J !#0%2!(5G%*03+35/J%./0G%0,+//!//!/#.!0 *#!.0+,.+0!0%+** ,.+)+0%+* +".%#$0/52%+(0%*#0$!/%.%#$0/+"%* %2% 1(G(%'!.%#$00+(%2!G* 1)JJJ.%#$00+ ,.+,!.05J / 3! (( '*+3 0!..+.%/0P/ 0%2%0%!/ 0$.+1#$+10 0$! 3+.( .!/1(0/G .!/1(0 %*

'%((%*# /+ )*5 %**+!*! %2%(%*/J!+* G0!..+.%/0 0/+"0!* (! 0+ !(.0%+* +"

/00!/+"!)!.#!*5%* !)+.0%+1*0.%!//1$/.*!* )+.!.!!*0(51.'!5J * +*/0%010%+*( .%#$0/ .! )+.! .!/0.%0! %*0%)!/ +" !)!.#!*5 0$* %* 0%)!/ +" *+.)(5J*0$%/+/%+*G— (%'!0+/0.+*#(5+* !)*0$!.!!*00!..+.%/000'/0$0 0++',(!%*1.'!5+*0$!œ 0$* œ¡0$+"1(5J* /0$!.!/1(0+"0$%//!.%+1/* $!*%+1/0!..+.%/000'/G+10 ›%**+!*0,!+,(!%*(1 %*#%2%(%*/LL01((5)+/0 +"0$!)3!.!%2%(%*/LL %! * )+.!0$0›››,!+,(!3!.!%*&1.! J3*00+!4,.!// )5 !!,/ *!//* /+..+3"+.0$+/!3$+3!.!'%((! 50$!"%(! .1!(,!.,!0.0+./J 5(($$2!)!.5+*0$!%./+1(/J

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0$! /1,.!)! (3 +" 0$! ! !.0%+*G * *5 (3 ,//! "0!. 0$!*#5G +.

PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

14

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 ž+"0$!1(!/+"+1.0.! 5 0$!+1.0 &1 %0+.0œ¤¡Ÿ* 0$!,!%"%!(%!"0œ¤ ›H3+G,,(%0%+*"+.0$! !(.0%+*+"0$!(3%/%*2(% /"+1* ! %*.0%(!Ÿ%*0$!! !.(+*/0%010%+*H* "%*((5G$%. (5G!(!0%+*,!0%0%+*1* !..0%(!œœ£+"0$!! !.(+*/0%010%+** (/+ 1* !.+1.(!0%+*""!*!/0œ¤ ŸJ

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PROCEEDING 2.%+1/)+2!)!*0/* +.#*%60%+*/.+1* 0$!3+.( J*(5/%G$1)*.%#$0/%/ ,.0 +" +1. +*/0%010%+*( .%#$0G * %0—/ %*+.,+.0! %*0+ ,.0  +" +1. ! !.( +*/0%010%+*J$!/!.!.!"!..! 0+/+1."1* )!*0(.%#$0/* .!+*0%*! %*0$! "+((+3%*#.0%(!/J .!! +)+"!(%#%+*G.0%(!œœH%#$0/* !/,!0"+. 10%+*G3$%$%/.0%(!œH * "%*((5G%#$00+.+,!.053$%$%/%*.0%(!œžJ +*/0%010%+*J$!+1.0/$+1( $2!,+3!./0+.!2%!3* #.*0,1(%(3.!)! %!/J $!,.%*%,(*+0!/+"+*/0%010%+*(+),(%*0/)5!/1)).%6! /"+((+3/I*!G ,,(%0%+*"+.&1 %%(.!2%!3G3$%$%/1* !.+1.. !. ž+"0$!1(!/+"+1.0.! 5 0$!+1.0 &1 %0+.0œ¤¡Ÿ* 0$!,!%"%!(%!"0œ¤ ›H3+G,,(%0%+*"+.0$! !(.0%+*+"0$!(3%/%*2(% /"+1* ! %*.0%(!Ÿ%*0$!! !.(+*/0%010%+*H* "%*((5G$%. (5G!(!0%+*,!0%0%+*1* !..0%(!œœ£+"0$!! !.(+*/0%010%+** (/+ 1* !.+1.(!0%+*""!*!/0œ¤ ŸJ

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

16

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PROCEEDING

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

18

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

20

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

22

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—/ %*0.+ 10%+* +" +*/0%010%+*( +),(%*0/J 0%((G 3%/$ 0+ +""!. /+)! +" )5 2%!3/%**!""+.00+/$.!0$!/$+.0* +*!.*+"0$!* +*!/%*+*/0%010%+*(+1.0J $!* +*!/%*3+"0$!+*/0%010%+*(+1.0/0%,1(0!/0$!,+//%%(%05"+.%* %2% 1(/ 0+ %.!0(5 "%(! #%JJJ ,,(%0%+*/ #%*/0 0$! (3/ 0$0 ((+3 "+. 0$! 0/ +" /00! +. ,1(% +""%%(/J !(%!2! %0 %/ *+0 !*0%.!(5 %),+//%(! 0+ %*0.+ 1! #!*!.( "+.) +" +*/0%010%+*( +),(%*0 3%0$+10 +*/0%010%+*( )!* )!*0J 0 * ! +*! 0$.+1#$ +*/0%010%+*( %*0!.,.!00%+* * )!* )!*0 0+ 0$! +*/0%010%+*( +1.0 0J $%/ ,,!./0+!)+ !(0$0 !,!* /+*0$!3%((+"0$!(!#%/(01.!H/0%((G0$!* +*!/%* +*/0%010%+*( +1.0 /$+1( $2! +*/% !.(! .++) 0+ +*0.%10! /1$ (!#%/(0%2! ,.+!//J*0$!+0$!.$* G0$!%*0.+ 10%+*+"0$!+*/0%010%+*(+),(%*0*! +*! 0$.+1#$ +*/0%010%+*( %*0!.,.!00%+*J * "0G 0$!.! )5 ! +*0.+2!./5 +2!. 0$! +*/0%010%+*(%05+"%*0.+ 1%*#+*/0%010%+*(+),(%*03%0$+100$!)!* )!*0J/0$! +*/0%010%+*(+1.0$/0$!,+3!.0+.!2%!3+*/0%010%+*(%05+"(3/%03+1( *+0! !*0%.!(5%),+LL

PROCEEDING

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—/ %*0.+ 10%+* +" +*/0%010%+*( +),(%*0/J 0%((G 3%/$ 0+ +""!. /+)! +" )5 2%!3/%**!""+.00+/$.!0$!/$+.0* +*!.*+"0$!* +*!/%*+*/0%010%+*(+1.0J $!* +*!/%*3+"0$!+*/0%010%+*(+1.0/0%,1(0!/0$!,+//%%(%05"+.%* %2% 1(/ 0+ %.!0(5 "%(! #%JJJ ,,(%0%+*/ #%*/0 0$! (3/ 0$0 ((+3 "+. 0$! 0/ +" /00! +. ,.+!//J*0$!+0$!.$* G0$!%*0.+ 10%+*+"0$!+*/0%010%+*(+),(%*0*! +*! 0$.+1#$ +*/0%010%+*( %*0!.,.!00%+*J * "0G 0$!.! )5 ! +*0.+2!./5 +2!. 0$! +*/0%010%+*(+),(%*0//5/0!)%/ +,0! G0$!.%/%*#%*0$!/!(3%/%* !4L(!J! * /!! 0$! .)0% %*.!/! +" *1)!./ +" %* %2% 1( ,,(%0%+*/ %*1.'!5 1.%*# #.!0(5.!2%!3! 0+!.0%*!40!* J10(/+'*+30$0!2!*0$+1#$0$! )%//%+*

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

24

žœ

#++ 5*)%/ 3$%$ $2! !!* /$+3* $!.! %* %0/ +*/+(% 0%+* * %0/ .!(0%+*/$%, !03!!*0$!)!)!./J+.1/0$%/%/2!.5#++ !4),(!"+.1/G"+.0$03+1( (%'!0+ +*2!5 +*#.01(0%+* 0+ 0$! //+%0%+* * (/+ "+. 1$$JJJ 0+ * +*!/% "+. )+.! /1!// %* 0$! "101.!J * 0$%/ +/%+*G %!/ * !*0(!)!*G 3! 3%(( 0(' +10 0$! ,.+#.!//* ,.+0!0%+*+"!$$K%0%6!*J

PROCEEDING !).! 0$.!!#!*!.0%+*0$0%/0$!.%#$0/+",+(%0%(* /+%(G/+%(G1(01.!* (/+0$!0$%. G%/0$!0$%. #!*!.0%+*/0$!.%#$0/"+.0$!/+(% .%05* 0$!.!%/(/+ #!* !.!-1%2(!*!G!-1(#!* !.10%*.!(%05G3! +*+0&1/0*!! #!* !.!-1(%05G/+ 0$0 3+)* * !*&+5 0$!%. .%#$0/ !1/! 0$!.! .! +0$!. 1(01.( %*$%%0%+* .! 3!((/3+)*0+#!0%*2+(2! %*!(!0%+*G"+.!4),(!%*.0%(!¤/ ! +"!#%+* * /++** %0%/(/+/00!/0$00$!(3)1/0(/+)'!/0!,/0$0%)/0+3. /0$! .!,.!/!*00%+*+"3+)*%*!00!.35%*0$0.!,.!/!*00%+** )+/0%),+.0*0* %*0$%/%0!)%/0$0.0%(!œ¤0$0%*0.+ 1!/0$!,.%*%,(!#!* !.!-1(%05* (/+0$! "+.)0%+* +" 10$+.%05 "+. #!* !. !-1(%05 * (/+ 0+ #+ #%*/0 (( 05,!/ +" +*/0%010%+*(!(!0%+*G* %0(/+/00!/G* (/+.!-1!/0! ,+(%0%(,.0%!/0+"1.0$!. %*2%0!.!,.!/!*00%+*G3+)!*P/.!,.!/!*00%+*%*0$!,+(%0%(,.0%!/G* "%*((50$!.! +*/0%010%+*(+1.0)1/0!+* 10! %*!-1((5"+.)!** 3+)!*3%0$+10#%2%*#G 3%0$+10 %2% %*#0$!/!0/!03!!*)!** 3+)!*J* /+G0$!+*/0%010%+*(+1.0 $/0.%! 0++)%*!0$!,.%*%,(!+"#!* !.!-1(%05J3+1( (%'!G/(+/%*#G3+1( (%'!0+/50$0G0$!"00$0((+*/0%010%+*00$%/0%)!1* !.(%*!/G/0.!//!/0$!#!* !. !-1(%05J* $!.!3+1( (%'!0+%*2%0!5+10+/01 50$!/!%*+.++J$*'5+1"+. 5+1.00!*0%+*J

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

26

žž

.#1)!*0 !1/! %0 /!.2!/ / 0$! /%/ "+. )*5 %//1!/H !+*+)%G ,+(%0%(G $1)*%0.%*G/3!((/0$!/%/3$!*3!,.+2% !/*0%+*/0+,!+,(!J$!#1.*0!! "+.$1)*.%#$0/%/.!"(!0%+*+"2(1!/* /,%.%01(%05+"$1)*J*%0%((5G0$!$1)* .%#$0/.!%),(!)!*0! %*0!.*((53%0$%*0$!+1*0.5J$!.!%//$%"0+"0$0G0$0$1)* .%#$0/ .! *+3 #+2!.*! +0$ 5 +)!/0% (3 / 3!(( / %*0!.*0%+*( (3J $!.! %/ )+.!%*0!.*0%+*($1)*.%#$0/(3%*+.,+.0%*#%*0!.*0%+*(,.%*%,(!/* 2(1!/ 3$%$*!! /0+!% !5((+1*0.%!/J$!/0%(%05* /!1.%05%//1!/+"+1*0.5%/ (/+%#%//1!0$03!.!"%*#*+3J!..+.%/)G*.+0%/G* +.#*%6! .%)!"+. !4),(!J %0$ 0$! .),*0 0$.!0/ +" 0$%/ '%* +" .%)!/G 0$!.! .! *!3 /+2!.!%#* +1*0.%!/ 3$!* 0$!5 +),(5 3%0$ %*0!.*0%+*( (3G 0$!5 3+1( $2! 0+ 1/0+)%6! +. &1/00$!%*0!.*0%+*((30+0$!%.*0%+*((3J$!5$2!0+,.%+.%0%6!0$!*0%+*( (3* ,.%+.%0%6!*0%+*(2(1!/5(/++*/% !.%*#0$!,+(%0%("0+.%*0$!+1*0.5J +1*0.53%(((/+*!! 0++*/% !.3$!*0+ +,0+.3$!*0++),(53%0$+*!+.)+.! %*0!.*0%+*(.!/,+*/%%(%0%!/+.,.%*%,(!/J$0—/3$5$1)*.%#$0/.!*+01* !./0++ %""!.!*0(5G/)!*0%+*! 51//%3$+!4,(%*! +10.!#%+*()!$*%/)/(%'!0$! 1.+,!*+*2!*0%+*G".%** /%*+*2!*0%+*G"+.!4),(!J%0$.!#. /0+3$0 $/!!*/% !.(%!.G0$%/%/2!.501(* 0$!.!—/!!*+*0. %0%*#2(1!!03!!* 0$! 1*%2!./( $1)* .%#$0/ * 0$! %*0!.,.!00%+* +" $1)* .%#$0/ %* 0$!%. +)!/0% (!2!(J

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> IJ

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—/3$5$1)*.%#$0/.!*+01* !./0++ %""!.!*0(5G/)!*0%+*! 51//%3$+!4,(%*! +10.!#%+*()!$*%/)/(%'!0$! 1.+,!*+*2!*0%+*G".%** /%*+*2!*0%+*G"+.!4),(!J%0$.!#. /0+3$0 $/!!*/% !.(%!.G0$%/%/2!.501(* 0$!.!—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—//1.*)!J01/!1/!+"$1)*.%#$0G/!4%*!-1(%05* #!* !. %/.%)%*0%+*J+G0$!+*/0%010%+*(+1.0+"$%(* .1(! 0$0%0—/*+*/0%010%+*( 0+ +),!( 0$! 3%"! 0+ 1/! $!. $1/* —/ ")%(5 *)! "0!. $!. )..%#!J +G )..%! 1* !./0* J$!"%./0+*!%/0$!1*%2!./(%05+"$1)*.%#$0/G* ,!.$,/)50$%*'%*#%/ 0$00$!.!%/*+"(/!1*%2!./(%/)J10G3$03!*!! 0+1* !./0* G,!.$,/%/3!*!! 0+ %""!.!*0%0! 3$%$ .! 1*%2!./( $1)* .%#$0/G * 3$%$ .! $1)* .%#$0/ 0$0 .!-1%.!//,!%"%5G/+0$!.!%/*+"(/!1*%2!./(%/)J10G3!$2!0+1* !./0* 0$! !.+#(!.%#$0/* *+*L !.+#(!.%#$0/J$0—/0$!"%./00$%*#3+1( (%'!0++*2!5J

PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

28

ž 

$+/!03++*!.*/.!)5+*!.*//! +*3$0$2!(%/0!*! ".+)0$%//!//%+*—/ ,.!/!*00%+*J$*'5+1J

> IJ

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$*'5+1G.J$%.)*J3/ !!,(5%),.!//! 5,.!/!*00%+*+"0$!1/0%!".+) 0$!! !.0%+*+"1//%0$0!/,!%((53$!*+1. +*+.)!*0%+*! 0$01//% +!/*—0 ,,(50$!,+/%0%2%/0,,.+$0+3. /$1)*.%#$0/J10/0$!+*/!-1!*!G%")*+0 )%/0'!*G %0 )!*/ 0$0 /1$ * ,,.+$ +. /0*! 3%(( #%2! 3% !. .++) "+. +*/0%010%+*( &1/0%! 0+ )'! * %*0!.,.!00%+* 0+ 0$! +*/0%010%+*J 10 +* 0$! +0$!. $* G%0+1( (/+0.%##!. %.!0+*"(%03%0$0$!(!#%/(01.!J3+1( (%'!G)5!G+1. +*+.3+1( +. %((5/$.!5+1.!4,!.%!*!3%0$%*0$!(!#%/(01.!3%0$%*0$!1//%* ! !.0%+*%*0$%//!J* 0$!/!+* +*!G)5$2!03+-1!/0%+*N!.0%*-1!/0%+* "+. 1/0%! !! ".+) 0$! +.!* +*/0%010%+*( +1.0J " —) *+0 )%/0'!*G 0$!.!—/ !%/%+* +. 2!. %0 +" 0$! +.!* +*/0%010%+*( +1.0 +*!.*%*# 0$! /001/ +" 0$! ,%0( %05G !+1(J 0 %/ %*0!.!/0%*#G %" —) *+0 )%/0'!*G 0$0 3$!* 0$! +*/0%010%+*( +1.0+"+.! !% ! 0++2!..1(!+.*+00+,,.+2!0$!,.+,+/(50$!.!/% !*00+ )+2! 0$! %05 +" !+1( 0+ *+0$!. ,(!G 0$!* 0$! +*/0%010%+*( +1.0 +" +.! (/+ .!2!./! 0$! !%/%+* 3%0$%* 0$! 1/0+).5 (3 %* 0$! +*0!40 +" +*/0%010%+*( (3J 0$%*' %0 3%(( ! 2!.5 2(1(! 0+ (( +" 1/ $!.! %* 0$! .++) %" 5+1 3+1( /$.! 5+1. !4,!.%!*!%*0$%//!J$*'5+12!.5)1$G.J$%.)*J

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PROCEEDING 0$!! !.0%+*+"1//%0$0!/,!%((53$!*+1. +*+.)!*0%+*! 0$01//% +!/*—0 ,,(50$!,+/%0%2%/0,,.+$0+3. /$1)*.%#$0/J10/0$!+*/!-1!*!G%")*+0 )%/0'!*G %0 )!*/ 0$0 /1$ * ,,.+$ +. /0*! 3%(( #%2! 3% !. .++) "+. +*/0%010%+*( &1/0%! 0+ )'! * %*0!.,.!00%+* 0+ 0$! +*/0%010%+*J 10 +* 0$! +0$!. $* G%0+1( (/+0.%##!. %.!0+*"(%03%0$0$!(!#%/(01.!J3+1( (%'!G)5!G+1. +*+.3+1( +. %((5/$.!5+1.!4,!.%!*!3%0$%*0$!(!#%/(01.!3%0$%*0$!1//%* ! !.0%+*%*0$%//!J* 0$!/!+* +*!G)5$2!03+-1!/0%+*N!.0%*-1!/0%+* "+. 1/0%! !! ".+) 0$! +.!* +*/0%010%+*( +1.0J " —) *+0 )%/0'!*G 0$!.!—/ !%/%+* +. 2!. %0 +" 0$! +.!* +*/0%010%+*( +1.0 +*!.*%*# 0$! /001/ +" 0$! ,%0( %05G !+1(J 0 %/ %*0!.!/0%*#G %" —) *+0 )%/0'!*G 0$0 3$!* 0$! +*/0%010%+*( +1.0+"+.! !% ! 0++2!..1(!+.*+00+,,.+2!0$!,.+,+/(50$!.!/% !*00+ )+2! 0$! %05 +" !+1( 0+ *+0$!. ,(!G 0$!* 0$! +*/0%010%+*( +1.0 +" +.! (/+ !,1(%+"* +*!/%J3+1( (%'!0+/'+10)+.!/,!%"%)00!.0+0$! !(!#0!+" +.++J +1 )!*0%+*! 0$0 1* !. .0%(! œJœœG * 0$! !*"+.!)!*0 +. 0$! %),(!)!*00%+* +" +*/0%010%+*J + 0$! -1!/0%+* $!.! %/G %/ %0 0!),+..5G +. %/ %0 ,!.)*!*00$%*#0$05+1,,(5N!1/!5+1)!*0%+*! 0$0%0 +!/*+0.!(0!0+0$! +*/0%010%+** ,,(%(!(3/J10G%0.!(0!/0+/+%(* 1(01.!J+1(/+)!*0%+*! 0$03!.!-1%.!/0.0!#%,+(%5G!%05+1.10$+.%050+.!2%!3/+%()00!./J$%/%/ ,1*%0%2! 0%+*G 5+1 )!*0%+*! J 0!),+..5 0%+*J +3 (+*# 3%(( 5+1 !40!* 0$%/ /,!%"%0%+*N* 0$!/+%()00!./5+1)!*0%+*! G!%*#$%* .*!0+5+1.3+.'J $*'5+1J ((+3! 0$!*$+3%/ !)+.0%+*!,0%*(31%( %*1//%G0$*'5+1

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

30

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+1.00$!*/+".0$!.!$/*+0!!**5.!$+"0$!.1(%*#+"0$!+1.0J*5 !%/%+*+" 0$!+1.0$/0+!"+((+3! 50$!!4!10%2!0+0$!(!00!.+"0$!+. !.+"0$!+1.0/+ 0$0!4,!.%!*!%*(5/%,!.$,/!1/!0$! .3+1.5!./+"%* !,!* !*!/%*! œ¤ ¢0$!!4!10%2!%/(35/!0$!+),(%*!3%0$/(35/!!*+),(%*!3%0$ 0$!+1.0+. !.!%00$0"+./1&!00+(%!.05+"%0%6!*G(%!.05+"%0%6!*+.,.+,!.05 .%#$0* /+"+.0$!1/!0$!(3.!3!((!*0.!*$! *+0+*(5%*0$!+*/0%010%+*10 (/+%*+0$!.3.%00!*(3* %*0$!/1,,+.0! 5 !%/%+*+"0$!+1.0* 0$!3!%* (5/%+"+1./!%/+))+*(3+1*0.5/+3!.!(5+*3$03!((! ,.!! !*0+. !.(%!. !%/%+*+"0$!+1.03$%$%/%* %*#*+0+*(5+*0$!%/%* %*#+*!4!10%2!/+ *5 !%/%+*G*5!4!10%2!0%+*3!(((35/0'!%*0++*/% !.0%+*G,.!2%+1/+1.0 !%/%+** (/+0$!,.+2%/%+*+"3.%00!*(30$*'5+12!.5)1$J

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$*'5+1J%./0+"((3+1( (%'!0+/50$03$0$/!!*/00! 50$!(!01.!.".+) 1.5 %0 %/ 0.1!G ) 3%0$ 5+1G #.!! 3$0 5+1P2! /% *+3 %* .!(0%+* 0+ 0$! -1!/0%+* +* $+3 0%2! 0$! +*/0%010%+*( +1.0 %* 1//%J P2! !!* 3%0$ 0$! +*/0%010%+*(+1.0"+.03!*05"%2!5!./J5!G +*+0$2!!*+1#$!4,!.%!*!G*+0 )1$!4,!.%!*!J10G0$%*'%*0$!+*/0%010%+*(+1.03!$2!0+!+1.#!+1/* +"+1./!3!$2!0+.!((5,500!*0%+*0+$+33!$2!0+!2!.5.!"1(3%0$3$!* 3! %* 0$! +*/0%010%+*( +1.0G )5! "+. 0$! ,+(%0%%* "+. 0$! +*/0%010%+*( +1.0 %* 1//%)5!%0%/+*!+"0$!)+/00%2!+1.0%*0$!3+.( +*0$! !%/%+*+"0$!+1.0 %*1//%%*.!(0%+*0+G.!(0%+*/$%,0+$1)*.%#$0%*1.+,!$!.!0$!.!%/+*"(%0%*# /%010%+*3$%$%/2!.5+*"(%0%*#!1/!%*1.+,!0$!+*/!*/1/3$!0$!.0$!,!./+* 3$+%/0!*/!G+.*0$!5!0%2!%*,+(%0%(0%2%05%0%/(!.%*+1.(30$00$!5 **+0!%*2+(2! %*!(!0%+*0$! !%/%+*%*.!(0%+*0+0$!%..%0%/$+1.0/%*1.+,! * 0$!*0$!5 !% ! 0$0((,.0%!/0$0%/%*,.!/!*0* (/+%*0(53$!*,!./+*%/ /!*0!*! "+.*+00++(+*#,!.%+ 0$!5*0'!,.0%*0$!!(!0%+*G10%"0$!/!*0!*! %/(+*#0$!*$%/,.0%%,0%+*%*0$!,+(%0%(,.+!//%/*+0((+3! J

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

$%/ 35G +. %*.5 +1.0 !%/%+*/ * ! ,,!(! 0+ 0$! +1.0 %* 0$! "+.) +" +*/0%010%+*(+),(%*0/* 1* !./0* 5+1.-1!/0%+*+*0$!1/0+)%//1&!00+0$! .!2%!3+"0$!+*/0%010%+*(+1.0%*+.!G0$!.!.!03+/!/3$!0$!.0$!1/0+).! %/.%)%*0%+*%/*!2!.!!*1/! 5(!#%/(0%2!G0$%/%/0!.)%*+(+#51/! 50$!,.!//G 100$!.!%//1$0!.)%*+(+#5$+3!2!.%0%/+*(51/! 50$!,.!//J

PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

32

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0!),+..5 0$%*# 0$0 /$+1( ! /"!#1. ! 5 0$! +*/0%010%+*( +1.0 +. %/ %0 ,!.)*!*0J

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PROCEEDING CONGRESS AACC

34

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