Analysis of A Ambiguities in 'The Sun' Newspaper.

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ABSTRACT

Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, topik yang saya angkat adalah tentang ketaksaan, yaitu perbedaan mengenai makna dari suatu bentuk baik secara lisan maupun tulisan. Secara lebih spesifik, saya tertarik untuk membahas tentang tentang ketaksaan dalam bentuk tulisan. Dalam pembahasan ketaksaan ini saya mengacu pada teori yang ditulis oleh Charles W. Kreidler dalam bukunya berjudul Introducing English Semantics. Sementara itu saya mengambil beberapa data dari sebuah koran terbitan Inggris yang berjudul The Sun. Dalam beberapa artikel dapat ditemukan ketaksaan yang mungkin terjadi walaupun mungkin tanpa disadari oleh penulis artikel tersebut.

Adanya penulisan yang bersifat taksa bukanlah suatu pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh penulis. Walaupun demikian, hal tersebut pada akhirnya akan menyebabkan perbedaan interpretasi khususnya bagi para pembaca. Tanpa adanya penjelasan lebih lanjut, pembaca terkadang dituntut untuk berpikir dan menganalisis sendiri fakta sebenarnya di balik ketaksaan yang terjadi.

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APPENDIX

Data 1: Baby Peter‘s Gran Signs Petition

The Gran of tragic Baby P last night said she would sign The Sun’s petition calling for longer sentences for the tot’s abusers. The distraught woman branded her own daughter “pure evil” after she and her child-raping boyfriend

were jailed over the death of the youngster. But like so many Sun readers, she was outraged when little Peter’s monstrous mother, 27, was told she could apply for

parole in three years. Now 35,499 readers have signed our petition.

The grandmother said of her daughter: “I am the first in the queue when it

comes to getting her sentence increased.

“She may think I’m a traitor but I will be signing your petition. My daughter is pure evil. I’ve lost my grandson.”

Baby P’s mother was given an indeterminate sentence at London’s Old

Bailey. But she has already served two years of her five-year minimum term on remand. The lad’s 32-year-old stepdad was jailed for ten years, but could be out

in eight. Lodger Jason Owen, 37 — who turned a blind eye to the abuse — was jailed for or a minimum of three years but could be free in two. Members of the public voiced their outrage outside the court on Friday.

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schoolgirl Sarah Payne’s mum Sara, and other campaigners have also condemned

the sentences as too lenient. Two thousand people an hour have been logging on to sign our petition demanding that Justice Secretary Jack Straw and the Attorney General increase the jail terms.

“By last night 35,499 had signed our petition. The numbers are expected

to be bolstered by tens of thousands of readers who have posted the slip, in the Sun newspaper, to us.”

Baby P died in agony in August 2007 after months of brutal torture, sustaining 50 injuries. He suffered a broken back and eight smashed ribs right under the noses of social workers in Haringey, North London. The angelic 17-month-old was also punched so hard in the mouth he swallowed a tooth.

Yet it emerged over the weekend that in a letter to a pen pal from her

cell at HMP Holloway, Baby P’s mum offered TIPS on bringing up kids. She

also described her cushy life in jail, where she slobs around watching daytime TV shows and doing Sudoku puzzles.

Sara Payne, whose eight-year-old daughter Sarah was murdered in 2000 by paedophile Roy Whiting, said: “I am sickened to learn of the pitiful tariffs handed down to the individuals directly responsible for this baby’s death. They

are wicked, loathsome and unquestionably on a par with every child killer in the country. These laughable prison terms have enraged the public. And it’s an insult

to the all-too-short life of a harmless 17-month-old. As a mother, I implore the relevant authorities to reconsider their decisions. This is all about justice for Baby P.

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screen name is tillytuppence, wrote: “This light sentence does not reflect in any way the seriousness of this crime. It certainly does not take into account the unimaginable

suffering of a little boy.”

Bert123456 said: “I’m sickened. When will these lawmakers, judges, and politicians get a feel for the mood in this country? Is that really the paltry price for a child’s life?”

And Sweet-student wrote: “The problem is people are no longer scared of the judicial system. These evil people will live a comfortable life in prison and

want for nothing. The only appropriate sentence would be life without the possibility of parole.”

AComment90 added: “Britain is lost in red tape.”

Data 2: Executed Pair Suffered Terribly

A restaurant worker was jailed for life today after being found guilty of butchering two Chinese graduates. Guang Hui Cao will serve a minimum of 33 years in prison for killing Xi Zhou and Zhen Xing Yang, both 25, at their home in Newcastle, on August 7 last year. Earlier today, a jury at Newcastle Crown Court found the 31-year-old guilty of two counts of murder after a three-week trial.

Sentencing him, Mr. Justice Wilkie said “They were crimes "of exceptionally high seriousness" that would have involved "horrifying and

barely imaginable suffering".

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tape and then hit her over the head with a heavy weapon, possibly a hammer. A piece of towel was stuffed into her mouth, which had been taped shut. She suffocated around 90 minutes after the ordeal began. Mr. Yang was discovered in another bedroom, having been hit with a hammer in the face and head. His throat was slashed despite him being already unconscious.

The court heard that the couple could have been killed for their part in a lucrative internet betting operation which saw £233,000 pass through their bank accounts in three years.

Mr. Yang was involved in sending information from live football matches to Chinese gamblers who benefited from a TV time delay of several seconds, allowing them to bet on events already knowing the outcome. He also supplied fake education certificates and other documents to Chinese students who wanted to enroll on education courses in the UK, or get jobs on returning to China.

Cao, of Morpeth, Northumberland, had pretended he wanted to sub-let a room in their flat to make contact with the couple before killing them. After the murder, he changed his clothes and fled from the property with laptop computers and mobile phones which linked him to the couple. The phones were found dumped in a nearby park by two boys, with the batteries and the sim cards missing.

Passing sentence Mr. Justice Wilkie said the couple had been killed because they had crossed people involved in illegal betting scams and the provision of forged documents.

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“Your own counsel rightly in his address to the jury described each

murder as instances of extreme savagery and brutality. But they were more than that. I am satisfied that this was an execution carried out against two young

people who had become involved in organized criminal activities and involved in dishonest betting and the provision of bogus documentation.”

“In some way they have crossed those who were involved in organizing

these criminal activities and were punished by them and held up as an example being murdered in a clearly calculated and savage way.”

"In the case of Xi Zhou she was subjected to the ordeal of suffocation by having a large piece of cloth rammed into her mouth and having her scull

fractured three ways. It must have involved horrifying and barely imaginable suffering before she was rendered unconscious. In this way a clear message was being sent to those who were involved in this scam of not to cross them."

The judge said Cao was involved in the physical preparation and

carrying out of the murders, which he described as an "assassination".

He said the defendant had "wormed" his way into the couple's home and had sneaked the weapons with which they would be killed into their flat.

The judge added: "You lied to the police. You have not spoken or given any information which might lead to the others involved."

The judge sentenced Cao to life imprisonment and told him he would serve a minimum of 33 years. If he is ever released he will be immediately deported. As Cao was led from the dock he shouted at the jurors in Mandarin: "You've killed me. You're murdering me."

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Data 3: Britney Attends Cousin’s Wedding

Its all go in the life of Britney Spears. The pop star - who is due to arrive in London next week for the UK leg of her Circus world tour - stopped off in Lousiana at the weekend to be an honorary bridesmaid for her cousin's wedding. The mum-of-two made a low-key appearance for Laura Lynne Covington's ceremony in the small town of Amite on Saturday.

A wedding guest revealed: "When her brother walked her down the aisle, she looked stunningly calm and beautiful. She was very pretty, low-key. She was not the center of everything, just pretty and calm and collected."

The nuptials took place at the United Methodist Church, the same church where the funeral for Covington's mother Sandra took place in January 2007. At the wedding reception Spears was seen hanging out with her sister and fellow

bridesmaid Jamie Lynn, who brought her daughter Maddie along for the

occasion.

The guest said the pair: "Sat at a table off to the side and visited with local people she knew. There was no fanfare. With all the star power Britney and her family command, it was still the bride's day."

Data 4: The Bastard Brother

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Owen, 37 - who had changed his name from Barker to Owen years before the Baby P horror - became a member of the National Front.

Childhood friends said his extremist links impressed his younger brother, who later became obsessed with Nazis. Steven Barker taught tragic Baby Peter to perform a "Sieg Heil" salute as a sick joke. Last night even their own father branded the brothers "monsters".

One former friend told The Sun: "Steven was like any kid who idolized

his older brother. The trouble was that his older brother was just about the

worst role model you could wish for. When they were apart they were bad

enough, but put them together and they became pure evil."

There was a chilling hint of what was to come when the brothers were

arrested in November 1995 for allegedly torturing their own grandmother.

The pair were said to have locked 82-year-old Hilda Barker in her wardrobe

while demanding she change her will in their favor.

The terrified pensioner even claimed her grandsons wore Guy Fawkes

masks to terrorize her before beating her black and blue. Mrs. Barker was so

shaken by her ordeal she was moved to a care home from her house in Whitstable, Kent. But neither brother was ever brought to justice after their grandmother fell ill with pneumonia and the case was dropped. She died in January 1996 and her will was later ruled to be invalid.

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Data 5 & 6: Sis Dies After Lad in Egypt

The little sister of a schoolboy killed in a car crash in Egypt died from her injuries. Ten-year-old Courtney Bainbridge's parents were by her side in a Cairo hospital.

She was on holiday with 12-year-old brother Daniel and mum Louise

when the accident happened last week. Dad David, who is separated from his

wife, flew out to be with her as she fought for life.

Daniel was buried among the Pyramids on Thursday while friends and relatives held a candlelit vigil at home to coincide with his funeral. Tribute sites have been set up on social website Facebook in memory of the children, from Oxclose, Washington, Tyne and Wear.

Data 7&11: Dad ‘Killed Girl To End Rape Pain’

A dad stabbed his teenage daughter to death to end her suffering after

she was raped, it was claimed today. Gary Fisher, 48, had planned the murder of

his daughter for months before carrying it out, a court was told.

Fisher is said to have driven Chanelle Sasha Jones, 17, to a secluded pub car park near her home in Cardigan, west Wales, on August 2 last year. He then violently murdered her with a butcher's knife as she sat in the passenger seat of his Ford Fiesta, it is alleged.

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Christopher Clee, prosecuting, said that in the aftermath of the murder Fisher, who was visiting his children for the week, repeatedly told people what he had done. Mr. Clee said that while in hospital he told a nurse that he had "stabbed her because she was in so much pain".

Once released from hospital, he was interviewed by a psychiatric specialist and a social worker. Mr. Clee said: "He gave them a graphic account of the killing of his daughter. He said at various stages that his daughter had told him that she wanted to die.

"He said that he had planned it for two-and-half months."

He allegedly said: "I felt that she was suffering and I wanted to help her die."

Once Fisher was transferred into custody he immediately told officers a similar story about his daughter's death.

"He told the police that she had been raped and that she could not live with the thought of that," Mr. Clee said. Mr. Clee said the teenager had never made any such report to cops.

He did acknowledge that she been admitted to hospital after taking drug overdoses in December 2006 and February 2009. But he said that neither incident had been seen as a real attempt to kill her self.

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Fisher, of Solihull, West Midlands, denies a single charge of murder. The case, which is scheduled to run for at least two weeks, continues.

Data 8: Money Can Buy Everything But Happiness

A £9MILLION Lottery winner drank himself to death after sinking into a self-destructive nightmare in the clutches of conmen. Hard-working family man Keith Gough, 58, and his wife Louise scooped the jackpot five years ago.

It should have brought happiness. But instead he was cheated out of a fortune and his 25-year marriage was wrecked. Last week he died a penniless, lonely death with just a bottle for company.

A close friend said yesterday: "It's very sad. He's a testament to the saying, money can buy you everything - except happiness.

"They were an ordinary couple with a decent but simple lifestyle. The money ruined that and killed Keith. It went to his head and he couldn't handle it. The whole thing is a tragedy."

Former bakery worker Keith's hell began after Louise bought a winning ticket in 2005. They bought a £500,000 home near the semi where they had lived happily with their teenage son. But Keith began splashing out, buying racehorses, leasing an executive box at Aston Villa and driving a BMW. His downfall really began when he was targeted by a gang of conmen, who "smelled blood" when he met them in the summer of 2006.

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They hired a woman in her mid-20s to trick Keith into thinking she was his girlfriend. She spent nights with him in an apartment he rented after splitting with sickened Louise in May 2007.

She kept him topped up with bottles of wine and they spent hours over boozy lunches. Keith even handed her his cash point card and the blonde would withdraw £200 a day. She bragged to a friend: "He'll do anything for me. I just go to the cash point and get what I want. I've never dressed so well. I'm just there to keep him sweet.

"He's asked me to marry him. But I've no feelings for him. It's just a job. I'll do it until the money runs out."

The gang set Keith up to buy deliberately-overpriced land. He also rented a £1million home in Cheshire, with a £15,000-a-year gardener and a £25,000 chauffeur.

Sun reporters warned him he was being conned in 2007. But he

slurred: "Leave me to it. I'm having a good time. I know what I'm doing."

At the end of that year Louise's divorce went through. Friends from his home town Bridgnorth, Shrops, begged Keith to seek help. He went into rehab but fraudster James Prince persuaded him to quit.

Prince was jailed for three years last June after a court heard that Keith signed over £700,000 to him between August 2006 and July 2008.

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He had told The Sun last year: "My life was brilliant but the Lottery ruined everything. My dreams turned to dust. What's the point of having money when it sends you to bed crying?"

Former secretary Louise, 55, who invested her share of the cash wisely, refused to comment.

Data 9&10: Tory Tax Help For 4m Married

Tax bills for four million poorer married couples will be slashed by the Tories, Shadow Chancellor George Osborne told The Sun last night. It fulfils a long-standing promise by David Cameron to reward marriage - and will benefit straight and gay couples.

Husbands or wives who do not work will be able to pass on £750 of

their tax-free earning allowance to working spouses. Those on between £7,000

and £44,000 a year - a third of British couples - will be £150 a year better off. The policy is aimed at building strong families and will be the flagship of the Tory election manifesto.

The saving is also available to gay men and women in civil

partnerships. But people in the higher income tax bracket will not be allowed to

transfer their allowances. Mr. Osborne told The Sun: "I'm delighted we can offer this. It goes to the heart of our beliefs about the importance of the family.

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A senior Tory said: "It's not for everyone or as generous as we'd like. But it helps those who really need it and that's what matters."

Data 12: Fall Girl Lives, Thanks to Aston

A woman survived a horror fall from a first-floor window - after landing on her lover's Aston Martin. Lucky Jade Bates, 22, escaped with a leg injury after tumbling backwards as she partied at Jasvir Deo's plush pad.

She landed on the bonnet of his new £140,000 DB9 sports car - which was left with a huge dent. A friend said: "There was a huge scream and Jasvir looked outside to see Jade lying on his car. He was frantic. If the Aston hadn't had such a long bonnet, she could have been paralysed or dead. The car saved her."

Her 12ft fall from an open bedroom window happened at 7am at the Aberdeen townhouse. Jasvir, 28, rang 999 and Jade was taken to hospital by ambulance. She was recovering at home yesterday.

Jasvir is thought to have upgraded from an Audi R8 weeks earlier. He was said to be "distressed" at the fall. The pal said: "They were celebrating a friend's birthday. The guys were in the kitchen and the girls were upstairs. It appears to have been just an accident. Jasvir just bought the car and there seemed to be problems with electrics. It'll cost a lot more to fix now."

Data 13: Comedy Cult Hero in Cancer Fight Chat

The comedian behind cult comic character Frank Sidebottom has

revealed he is being treated for cancer. In a light-hearted blog entry written as

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a tumor had been found in his chest. The comic, in his 50s, said: "Well, after all the hospital tests and scans, and X-rays and cameras down me etc, etc, yes, I've got cancer.

"Don't worry, I'm not going anywhere just yet, and I'm looking forward to another 25 years in fantastic semi-professional show business first. So I've got a few weeks off from live shows now to have a couple of ops and get shut." The tumor, close to Chris's aesophagus, affects his ability to eat.

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Language is a tool that people use to communicate. It is the tool for people to communicate with others. It is the most important part and it cannot be separated from people’s communication. Although sometimes it is not always easy to convey what we really mean, language is the main tool for people to say their purposes. Language is “a human system of communication which uses

structured vocal sounds and can be embodied in other media such as writing, print, and physical signs” (McArthur 571). Language itself consists of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Each element has their own meaning and we can find many interpretations behind the speaker’s speech. For example, a word can

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In this thesis, I decide to discuss ambiguities in some articles which are taken from an Internet newspsper, The Sun. I choose The Sun because it contains a lot of interesting topics in a lot of fields, especially topics that happen and mostly talked about in Britain. Besides, the topics are always written in daily language so that the readers will find them easier to follow when they read them.

Ambiguity refers to a word or a sentence that contains more than one meaning. When we read something ambiguous, we always get confused because it can be interpreted differently. Ambiguity cannot be avoided. It can happen when the writer uses unclear definitions. Based on The Oxford Companion to English Language by Tom McArthur, ambiguity deals with “actual or potential uncertainty of meaning, especially if a word, phrase or sentence can be understood in two ways” (32).

Ambiguity can happen both in oral and written texts. In an oral texts, we may find ambiguity in people’s speech. Sometimes when we are speaking with

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I choose ambiguity as the topic of my thesis because ambiguity often causes a lot of misunderstandings. On the one hand, some people can understand the intended message of the text, but on the other hand some other people tend to get a different meaning. It is possible that ambiguity will make us laugh because the meaning is funny when people interpret it differently from what is actually intended.

For this thesis, I would like to concentrate on the meanings that are hidden behind the words or sentences which contain ambiguity. I will use the role of context to show that the ambiguity can eventually be restricted into having one single meaning. In addition, I would like to restrict the topic of my thesis on the ambiguities contained in words and phrases.

I wish that this thesis will give a benefit both for the readers who read my thesis and for the article’s writers. For the readers, they can be more aware about

what ambiguity is and everything related to it. And for article writers, it is greatly hoped that they may be more careful to choose suitable words when they are writing articles so that the result of their writing will not make the readers have wrong or different interpretations from the meaning that is actually intended.

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hyponyms, synonyms, or antonyms, but also the ambiguity of words or sentences, the changes in meaning, entailment, definiteness, paraphrases, and many others.

Number of words: 765 Statement of the Problem

In this thesis, there are three problems that I would like to discuss. They are:

1. What kinds of ambiguities are found in the articles?

2. What are the possibilities of meaning that can be interpreted?

3. What is the intended meaning of each of the ambiguous phrases or words based on the context?

Purpose of the Study

Through this thesis I want to show:

1. The kinds of ambiguities found in the articles. 2. The possibilities of meaning that can be interpreted.

3. The intended meaning of each of the ambiguous phrases or words based on the context.

Method of Research

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Organization of the Thesis

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CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION

As ambiguities clearly exist around us, both in oral and written texts, I am certain that ambiguity cannot be avoided easily. Ambiguities happen not only when we are having a conversation which can cause misinterpretation between the speaker and the hearer, but also when we write a text. We can find ambiguity in people’s speech or in newspapers, magazines, and any other texts. Whether we

realize it or not, there is always something ambiguous happening almost every day in our daily life.

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to be discussed. Many linguists have their own understanding of what ambiguity is about and they also have different views in analyzing the ambiguity.

In the newspaper The Sun it is not easy to find out what the journalists intend to say in their writings. Sometimes the readers have to be smart to catch the intended meaning of the articles. It is interesting to notice that an ambiguity may also occur in the title of an article.

In my research I find two data of ambiguity which comes from the title, namely Sister Dies After Lad in Egypt and Fall Girl Lives, Thanks to Aston. In my opinion, this might happen because of two things. Firstly, the writer wants to make the title sound unique so that the readers are eager to read it. Secondly, writing the title is usually limited by space. The writer has to make the title as short as possible but still looks unique so that people will be attracted to read it.

Having analyzed the data, I find out that all the three types of ambiguity which have been discussed in the previous chapter are found. As mentioned in chapter two according to Charles W. Kreidler, there are three types of ambiguity. They are lexical, referential, and syntactic ambiguity. Each type of ambiguity is divided into other sub-categories. However, there are only several structures that are suitable with the data I have found. For further research, I suggest that for those who have great interest in analyzing ambiguities can find more variable data which contain more various types of ambiguities that I have not discussed in this thesis.

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sense and literal sense. However, in this research I only find ambiguities caused by homonymous words. When searching the data, I find that there are quite a lot of ambiguities that are caused by homonyms. Nevertheless, in this research I take two data as the representatives. Meanwhile, in this thesis there is no data which involves ambiguity caused by figurative sense and literal sense because in fact there are very few idioms that can be interpreted both figuratively and literally so that they may cause an ambiguity.

The next type of ambiguity that I find is referential ambiguity. Referential ambiguity has four structures. From those four, anaphora, or also known as unclear pronouns, is the most dominant factor causing the ambiguities. From all the data I have got, there are six data which can be analyzed through this structure. However, I do not find any data in the articles which contain the other three structures of referential ambiguity. Although not all structures of this type can be found in the data, referential ambiguity is the most dominant type of ambiguity which is often found in The Sun articles.

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Sometimes, there is a case where an ambiguity can happen because the readers do not have enough background knowledge of something. For instance, when an article puts a brand name of a thing in it, some people who read the article may consider that the brand name must absolutely refer to a specific thing that they are familiar with. Thus, there will be no ambiguity. Yet, for some people the brand name of the thing will be ambiguous when they never hear about such a thing. As a result, ambiguity can actually be avoided if there is enough background knowledge which is owned by the readers.

In finding the real meaning of each possibility I analyze, reading the whole content of the article is certainly very helpful. It is because the content usually contains some information that can be used as clues to prove which of all the possibilities is the most suitable meaning. Analyzing ambiguity through the content is the best way to solve this ambiguity problem. However, in some cases, not all the contexts are explicitly stated to show us the actual meaning among all the possibilities meanings of the ambiguity. When this happens, it will not be easy for us to get right intended meaning. Yet, it can also be that the context needed is implicitly stated, which makes it rather difficult to detect the right intended meaning.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

References

McArthur, Tom. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. New York Oxford University Press, 1992.

Mey, Jacob L. Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics. London: Elsevier Science Ltd, 1992.

Kreidler, Charles W. Introducing English Semantics. London: Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, 1998.

The Oxford Learner‟s Dictionary. Third Edition. Oxford: Oxford University

Press. 1983.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Third Edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. 2001.

Electronic Publications

France, Anthony. ”Baby Peter‟s Gran Signs Petition.”

The Sun 25 May 2009. 26 May 2009.

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Watson, Leon. “Executed Pair Suffered Terribly.”

The Sun 19 May 2009. 20 May 2009.

<http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article2437073.ece>.

Lazzeri, Antonella. “If Maddie Still Alive.” The Sun 4 May 2009. 4 May 2009.

<http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/maddie/2410441/If- Madeleine-McCann-is-alive-she-may-not-answer-to-that-name-or-remember-who-she-was.html>.

“Britney Attends Cousin‟s Wedding.” The Sun

25 May 2009. 5 June 2009.

<http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/usa/2447359/Bri tney-attends-cousins-wedding.html>.

Wells, Tom. “The Bastard Brother.”

The Sun 11 August 2009. 11 August 2009.

<http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/2581059/Jason-Owen-Baby-Ps-uncle-and-one-of-his-killers.html>.

“Sis DiesAfter Lad in Egypt.” The Sun

19 August 2009. 19 August 2009.

<http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/2595253/Courtney-Bainbridge-dies-after-brother-Daniel-in-Egypt.html>.

“Dad „Killed Girl To End Rape Pain‟.” The Sun

1 March 2010. 1 March 2010.

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Parker, Andrew. “Money Can Buy Everything But Happiness”. The Sun

The Sun 3 April 2010. 3 April 2010.

<http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/2919321/9million-Lotto-winner-Keith-Gough-drank-himself-to-death.html>.

Dunn, Tom Newton. “Tory Tax Help For 4m Married”. The Sun

The Sun 10 April 2010. 10 April 2010.

<http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/election2010/2927152/Tory -tax-help-for-4million-married.html>.

Millard, Neil. “Fall Girl Lives, Thank to Aston”. The Sun The Sun 13 May 2010.13 May 2010.

<http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/2970789/Fall-girl-lives-after- landing-on-140k-Aston-Martin.html>

Crick, Andy. “Comedy Cult Hero in Cancer Fight Chat”.The Sun The Sun 16 May 2010. 16 May 2010.