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HARRY POTTER AND THE CHAMBER OF SECRET
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By:
YEMIMA ANGGRAENI PRIBADI Student Number: 06 4214 064
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
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Above all, I would like to thank Jesus Christ for all blessing and guidance before, during, and until I finished this undergraduate thesis.
I would also like to thank Mr. Harris Hermansyah Setiajid, S.S., M.Hum., my advisor, for his patience, guidance, and helps during the writing of this undergraduate thesis, and to Mrs. Anna Fitriati S.Pd., M.Hum, my co-advisor, for reading, correcting, and giving me essential points in order to make this undergraduate thesis better. And I also like to thank all my lecturers in English Letters Department for giving me so much knowledge.
My biggest gratitude also goes to my Dad and Mom, the way they encouraged me, trusted me, and their patience made my fears easier to defeat. To one and my only brother Sandy, I thank you for your unseen support that can push me to finish this undergraduate thesis as soon as possible. I always love you with all my heart.
Finally lots of gratitudes to all my friends in English Letters, for “Chatter Box” (Andry, Shin, Damay, Sela, and Pricil) and all my 2006 friends for their spirits to finish this undergraduate thesis, it is nice to be their friends. Another gratitude to Pricilla Anindyta, my partner in crime, thank you for always be there no matter what happened. Last but not least, I thank you so much Via for all the helps, I mean it. Let’s fight together!
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APPROVAL PAGE ... ii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE ... iii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PUBLIKASI ILMIAH ... iv
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ... v
MOTTO PAGE ... vi
DEDICATION PAGE ... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix
ABSTRACT ... x
ABSTRAK... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...1
A. Background of the Study ...1
B. Problem Formulation ...5
C. Objectives of the Study ...6
D. Definition of Terms ...6
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW ...8
A. Review of Related Studies ...8
B. Review of Related Theories ...10
1. Definition of Translation ...10
2. Theory of Translation Methods ...11
3. Translation Process ...17
C. Theoretical Framework ...19
D. Research Framework ...20
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ...23
A. Object of the Study ...23
B. Method of the Study ...24
C. Research Procedure ... 24
1. Object of Data ...24
2. Data Collection ...25
3. Data Analysis ...25
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ...27
A. Wizardry Terms in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret...27
B. Methods Applied in Translating Wizardry Terms...30
1. Exoticism ...30
2. Cultural Borrowing ...34
3. Calque ...35
4. Communicative ...38
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ...43
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...45
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YEMIMA ANGGRAENI PRIBADI. The Study of Translation Methods in Translating Wizardry Terms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2013.
Translation is not easy, never was, and never will be. There are many methods and strategies. There are many words, phrases, and sentence that cannot be directly translated. Strategies and methods are used to deliver the message or idea in order to reach an equivalent effect for the readers. This research studies the translation methods used by Listiana Srisanti in translating the wizardry terms in the novel Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret into Indonesia version, based on Hervey and Higgins’ translation theories.
The first problem is the data comparison between SL and TL, served side by side.
The second problem analyzed the translation methods used to translate those terms based on Hervey and Higgins’ translation methods; they are exoticism (9 terms), cultural borrowing (3 terms), calque (4 terms), communicative translation (14 terms), and cultural transplantation (none).
From the analysis, the most used method is communicative translation. It takes the highest percentage of 47% of the data. Communicative translation is the most suitable method to the translate fiction novel, because it is emphasizing more on the meaning. The form is structured in a way that it is acceptable to the reader. This method helped readers to understand more of the difficult terms in the novel, since not all terms are familiar in Indonesian culture.
One method that did not used at all is cultural transplantation method. This method is the opposite end of level from exoticism, but more like adaptation. This method is not sis for suitable to use to translate work-fiction because usually adaptation is used for something real, but in foction novel mostly are unreal, only appear in imagination
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YEMIMA ANGGRAENI PRIBADI. The Study of Translation Methods in Translating Wizardry Terms in J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2013.
Penerjemahan tidak mudah, tidak pernah, dan tidak akan pernah. Ada banyak metode dan strategi. Banyak kata-kata, frase, dan kalimat yang tidak dapat diterjemahkan secara langsung. Strategi dan metode digunakan untuk menyampaikan pesan atau ide untuk mencapai efek yang setara bagi para pembaca. Penelitian ini mempelajari metode penerjemahan yang digunakan oleh Listiana Srisanti dalam menerjemahkan istilah-istilah yang berhubungan dengan ramuan dalam novel fiksi Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia dalam versi Indonesia, berdasarkan teori penerjemahan milik Hervey dan Higgins'.
Masalah pertama merupakan perbandingan data yang digunakan dalam dua bahasa, Inggris dan Indonesia, dan disajikan berdampingan.
Masalah kedua menganalisis metode penerjemahan yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan istilah-istilah sihir tersebut berdasarkan metode penerjemahan milik Hervey dan Higgins’; yaitu exoticism (9 istilah), cultural borrowing (3 istilah), calque (4 istilah), communicative translation (14 istilah), dan cultural transplantation(tidakada) Dari hasil analisis, metode yang paling banyak digunakan adalah communicative translation dengan persentase tertinggi 47% dari seluruh data. Communicative translation adalah metode yang paling sesuai untuk menerjemahkan novel fiksi, karena lebih menekankan pada makna. Bentuk kalimatnya disusun sedemikian rupa sehingga dapat diterima oleh pembaca. Metode ini membantu pembaca untuk lebih memahami istilah-istilah asing dalam novel, karena tidak semua istilah tersebut sering digunakan atau akrab dalam
kebudayaan Indonesia.
Salah satu metode yang tidak digunakan sama sekali adalah metode cultural transplantation. Metode ini tidak cocok digunakan untuk menerjemahkan karya fiksi karena biasanya metode ini digunakan untuk sesuatu yang nyata, tetapi dalam karya fiksi sebagian besar hal adalah
hal-hal hanya muncul dalam imajinasi.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
In this globalization era, reading is one of the favorite things that is done by many people. By reading, people can understand many things, many topics, even many events. Reading also gives special satisfaction to identify things that they like such as specific information about particular topics or specific story about something such as literary text without any limitations. However, readers will find difficulties when they have to read texts in another language different from their mother tongue.
Translation can be a bridge to connect the reader and the language which is
different from the reader‟s language. Translation has taken a common yet
significant role in literature world. In terms of literature, according to Peter Newmark (1988), translation is specifically defined as rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. In terms of communication, translation can be defined as one type of communication tool that connects two or more different language and, thus, it connects people with different language. It is important to have better understanding about translation, what translation is and what methods are used in translation since nowadays many texts are translated into some different languages to make the reader understand those texts in their language.
When a translator translates a novel into another language, the he has to know the idea of the story and what the author wants to say through the story. The most important thing that the translator may not forget is how they deliver the idea without reducing even more, change the message of the text in the process when they have to translate it into another language. The translator have to consider the details, the accuracy, social context, and the target reader of the text.
Nevertheles, producing the closest equilavent effect is not easy at all since two different languages also have different culture. As an example, the Indonesian word canting that refers to a tool in making batik will not have the equivalence in English, because batik and canting are culture-specific terms that exist only in Indonesia. Translator duty is showing what the source language wants to deliver a word in the target language as close as possible, both in the matter of message and understanding of the reader.
Those reasons above become a major reason why translation method is conducted in this study. By knowing what kind of method that is suitable with the process of translating specific terms, readers can get more knowledge about translation proccess, that there are many ways to translate the unknown terms that appeared in a fiction. Besides, by understanding the methods which are used in a text makes readers find what the interesting side of that text is. Translation methods proposed by Hervey and Higgins are choosen by the writer because they have several methods that can be used to translate the wizardry terms in J.K
Rowling‟s Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret.
In this research, the writer intends to analyse the translation methods that are
applied in the famous novel “Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret” in
translating wizardry terms
Translation becomes really important because it is one of the ways to make people with different mother language can easily understand and enjoy reading the text. Translation process and its result prove that language is developed from time to time. With the right method, the result of translation can be directly delivered to all people in the world without losing its essence.
The writer is interested in the cultural issues that appear in the book, because Indonesian culture is not really similar with Western culture so far. There are some fundamental differences between both cultures, as the example taken from the book below;
The word broomstick is translated into sapu terbang. Actually the Indonesian meaning of broomstick is batang sapu, or in English, a broom with a long handle and small thin stick at the end, or the handle of a broom.
In Indonesian culture, witch stories do not involved flying broomstick as their transportation, they just disappear then reappear in other place in a blink. However, in western culture the witches are always traveling with their flying
broomstick, it becomes their characteristic.
The translator chooses to use more general word relating to witches story to define the meaning of broomstick. The cultural adaptation makes the meaning changed but make the translation more imaginative.
The phenomena above inspires the writer to analyze the way of translating such terms in the book using translation strategies.
supported by facts of the significant differences between Indonesian cultures with Western culture. That is why the writer analized further about translation strategies in translating wizardry terms in the book. The writer hopes that this research is usefull for those who wanted to learn about translation strategies, ecpecially for professional translator.
The writer choose to analize translation strategies because producing closest equivalence in the target language is very important in translation work. Moreover, by understanding the problem and the strategies in translation, first we know how a word can mean differently and how a word can make such a significant change for a sentence or even for the text itself. Second, we can learn the strategies that are used by professional translators in translating a text, particularly a fiction novel. Finally, we can understand the text itself better and avoid misunderstanding on the message of the text.
B. Problem Formulations
This study focuses on two problem formulation as follows:
1. How are the wizardry terms in Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret
translated into Bahasa Indonesia?
2. What methods are applied the most in the translation of special term in
C. Objectives of Study
The first research problem is to state the translation of the wizardry terms in both language, English and Indonesia. This research obejctive is to give exact comparison between the SL and TL text.
The second research problem is to find out the translation strategies applied in the Indonesian translation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret. The research objective is to reveal what strategies are applied due to achieve equivalent effect in the translation proccess of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret from English to Indonesia.
This research will give knowledge to recognize and also to determine the strategies on translation based on Hervey and Higgins. Furthermore, this research will be usefull for those who wants to conduct further studies in this field.
D. Definition of Terms
To avoid different understanding during reading the paper, the analysis will provide some definitions of important words used in the analysis. It will help to make same perception. They are:
1. Translation
Krings defines translation strategy as translator's potentially conscious plans for solving concrete translation problems in the framework of a concrete translation task (1986:18).
Loescher in his book Translation Performance, Translation Process and Translation Strategies also says that translation strategy is a potentially conscious procedure for solving a problem faced in translating a text, or any segment of it. (1991:8).
As it is stated in this definition, the “notion of consciousness” is very important in distinguishing strategies which are used by the learners or translator.
3. Wizardry Term
according to The Free Dictionary website, wizardry terms are any term related to magic, witching, witchcraft, voodoo, enchantment, sorcery, black art, necromancy, sortilege. (www.thefreedictionary.com/wizardry)
4. Source Language
Newmark in his book A Textbook of Translation said source language is the language of the text that is to be or has been translated (1988).
5. Target Language
Target language is the language of the translated text (Newmark, 1988). 6. Equivalent Effect
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW
A. Review of Related Studies
The studies from some sources below will support the analysis especially to analize the methods used in translation.
1. A Morphological Study of Spell Words in J.K Rowling‟s Harry Potter by Weny Natalia. In her research, Weni Natalia focuses in word formation/ morphological process of the spell words in the novels. She analyzed the use of any affixes in spell words that mighy be used and especially the process of word formation. She used the of word and morphology from Andrew Carstairs-McCharty to analized the spell words, and etymology theory by Lyle Campbell. Since Weni Natalia took almost similar source, the writer find it helpful and and became more determined to analyze the novel, of course with different topics.
2. A Study on the Translation of Christian related terms in the Constitution of the Sisters of Notre Dame by Fransisca Margaretha Kuil. In her research, Fransisca Margaretha Kuil focuses on how the Christian terms in the novel is translated
using Hervey and Higgins‟ method of translation. Their methods are used to find
out what method and how they are applied in the translation of Christian terms. Fransisca‟s research is very helpful for the writer to analize further about translation method used in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret, because they both are using translation method from Hervey and Higgins.
In this present study, the writer analyzes something different. The writer compares the SL and TL text to find out whether the results of translation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret are having equivalent effect or not. Further, the writer analysed the methods used in translating the wizardry terms and then clasify them.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Definition of Translation
According to Larson (1984: 3), translation is transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure.
Nida and Taber (1974: 12) define translation as the reproduction in a receptor languageof the closest natural equivalent of the source message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.
While Maurits D.S Simatupang, in his book, Pengantar Teori Terjemahan, stated that translating is transferring the meaning exist in the SL (source language) to the TL (target language), and make it as natural as possible along with the rules of the TL (2003: 3).
To analyze what kind of method applied in translating wizardry terms in Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret, the writer will use translation method from Sandor Hervey and Ian Higgins.
terms: 'cultural equivalence,' 'cultural transposition,' 'cultural transfer,' 'translational relationships,' and 'cultural adequacy.' The degree to which the original cultural perspective of the ST is translated faithfully into the TT varies depends on the method chosen by a translator.
Hervey, Higgins and Haywood in their book Thinking Spanish Translation: A Course of Translation Method, Spanish to English are suggested a scale of translation techniques for culture specific concepts:
a) Exoticism or cultural borrowing is when the TT retains the original cultural and linguistic features of the SL and is therefore the most faithful to the ST cultural background. The TT might be difficult to understand for public unfamiliar with the ST culture.
b) Calque is a literally translated fixed expression which often either does not make logical sense in the TT or its sense is different from the one the ST author had in mind.
c) Communicative translation uses communicative equivalents predominantly in terms of fixed expressions.
d) Cultural transplantation is when the ST is fully adapted to the TT audience often beyond recognition of being a translation itself. (1995: 20)
Exoticism: The name should remain unchanged from the SL to the TL. In this method no cultural transposition is occurred.
Transliteration: The name is shifted to conform to the phonic or graphic rules of the TL.
Cultural transplantation: The SL name is replaced by the TL name that has the same cultural connotation as the original one. (http://accurapid.com/journal/2009). The other features of wizardry terms are alliteration and assonance. In his journal about Problems of Rendering Linguistic Devices in Rumi's Poetry,
Mahmoud Ordurari states that,
Some cases of translation loss, every so often referred to as untranslatability, related to formal features of a text, seems to come about in alliteration, assonance, and ambiguous words. Hervey & Higgins (1992:76) define alliteration as "the recurrence of the same sound/ letter or sound/ letter cluster at the beginning of words (for example, 'many mighty midgets')"; however, when the recurrence of the same sound/ letter or sound/ letter cluster occurs "within words (for example, 'my crafty history master's bathtub')", this is called, according to Hervey & Higgins (1992:76), assonance (original emphasis). (http://accurapid.com/2008)
2. The Theory of Translation Methods
a. Translation method of semantic and communicative translation by Peter Newmark
scientific, technical and literary, needs to be translated semantically because the original expression of the content itself (Newmark, 1988, p.44).
Table 2.1. Semantic and Communicative Translation
Semantic Translation Communicative Translation Attemps to render, as closely as the
semantic and syntactic structures of the SL.
Attemps to produce in its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original.
Remains within the original culture. Adapts and makes the thought and cultural content of the original more accessible to the readers.
More informative but less effective Effective in producing the same effect to the TL readers.
More complex, awkward, detailed, concentrated and pursues the thought-processes rather than the intention of the translitter.
Smoother, simpler, clearer, more direct, more conventional, more understandable, conforms to a particular register of language
Tends to be over-translated Tends to use universal words than the original text (under-translated)
Always inferior to its original, since it involves loss of meaning.
The translator is trying in his or her own language to write a little better than the original.
Translator has the right to correct and improve the logic and its structures.
Translator has the right to correct or improve the logic, to replace clumsy with elegant, or at least functional, syntactic structures.
Produces an art. Produces a craft. Reproduces the full meaning of the
original, not simply one of its function.
Give priority to message.
The basic differences beetween communicative and semantic translation are in the stress on message and meaning, reader and author, utterances and though-process, last informative and constantive, but this is more about the matter
of emphasis (Newmark, 1981). Newmark also stated that “a translation can be
more or less semantic – more or less communicative – even a particular section or
The novel Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret can be translated using communicative method but still cannot ignore the original one itself.
b. Translation method of cultural issues by Sandor Hervey and Ian Higgins
To analyze this research further, some methods from Sandor hervey and Ian Higgins will be used in this research. This following part will be about the theory of translation methods by Hervey and Higgins.
Translation is involving the tranposition of thought expressed in one language by one social group into the appropriate expression of another group. In the cultural level, the translation should become an immediate effect on the reader with certain purposes. Hervey and Higgins in their book Thinking of Translation, a course of Translation Method: French-English, have explained more specific about translation methods that relate with the cultural term. Since, religion also involves in cultural term because it has certain belief and tradition.
They mention some various kinds of cultural transposition which can be alternative to analize SL-biased literal translation. It means that as a translation tool, cultural transposition can suppres the cultural elements of the source text to make space for the cultural elements of the target text. They propose some degree of cultural transposition that involves the choice of features original to the TL and the target culture in preference to feature with their root in the source culture. The
result is to reduce the „foreigness‟ or the specific term in the TL. In some extents,
it is „naturalizing‟ into the TL and its cultural setting.
culture and the other part is cultural transplantation which is mostly based on the target culture.
The various degree of cultural transposition can be visualized as points along a scale. It starts between the extremes of exoticism which mostly based on source culture and the other part is cultural transplantation which is mostly based on the target culture.
Figure 2.1. Hervey and Higgins‟ Translation Methods
(Hervey et al, 1992:28) i. Exoticism
Exoticism is a part of literal translations which has the extreme option in indicating cultural foreignness in a TL. A TL is translated in exotic manner to convey the signal of the exotic source culture and its cultural strangeness. It is a choice to import the linguistic and cultural features from SL to TL. In this process, the adaptation is rarely used to maintain the cultural foreignness (1992:30). The result here is that foreign features remained in the TL. The only possible advantage of the literal translation is its exoticism, but this advantage is cancelled by two things: the obscurity of the TL and the lack of contextual meaning.
If there were good reasons for preserving the exoticism, one could diminish these advantages by indirectly signaling in the TL (1992:32).
The method is particularly to transfer a SL expression faithfully into the TL. The translator will choose it when it shows impossible to find a suitable TL expression of original for translating the SL expression. A vital condition of cultural borrowing is that the textual context of the TL should make the meaning of the borrowed expression clear.
Cultural borrowing will be most frequent in text on history or social or political
matters, where the simplest solution is to give a definition of term like „taile‟,
„department‟, or „pra-revolution‟, „parlement‟ and then to use the SL word in the
TT. (1992:31). Furthermore, when the term of SL has already passed into the TL without significant change of meaning, the constituting standard conventional equivalents of the SL borrowed. In this case, the translator may use significant decision of the TL which equivalent to the SL. For example, such expression as
„joie de vivre’, savoir-faire, „sauerkraut‟,„totem‟, taboo‟ can be called as standard
conventional equivalents of the corresponding foreign expression.
iii. Calque
Calque is an expression that consists of TL words and respect TL syntax, but unidiomatic in the TL because it is copied on the structure of a SL expression. In essence, calque is a form of literal translation. A good calque manages to compromise between imitating a SL structure and not offending against the grammar of the TL. Calquing may also be called a form of cultural borrowing, although it replaces the verbatim borrowing of expression as a model of SL grammatical structures. Furthermore, some calqued expressions become standard
calqued on English „flyweight‟; French-Canadian „bienvenue‟ calque in English
„you‟re welcome‟. Like all forms of cultural borrowing, calque shows signs of a
certain degree of exoticism, bringing into the TL the cultural foreignness and strangeness of the source cultures. (1992:33)
iv. Communicative translation
It is different from cultural borrowing since the translator may choose for ccommunicative translation. This is often necessary to transfer culturally conventional principle where a literal rendering would be inappropriate. For example, many proverbs, idioms and clichés have readily expressed communication equivalents in the TL.
It can be assumed that communicative translation is appropriate in the context because it render the situational impact with the TL expression (1992:32).
v. Cultural transplantation
Cultural transplantation is the opposite end of level from exoticism which is the extreme form of all translation, but more like adaptations. The whole part in SL is transplanted into the rewritten expression of TL.
3. Translation Process
“Translation is a craft consisting in the attemp to replace a written message
and or statement in one language by the same message and/or another language.” (Newmark, 1981, p.7).
However, the work of translating is not as easy as it sounded. Utterance letter cannot just directly translate a text word by word. There are many considerations that have to be told of, such as the sturcture, the meaning, the cultural difference, etc. That is also one part of translation process. Much of the time is spent by the translator by thinking. In other word, the process of translation is mostly done in the mind of translator. There are 4 process of translating. They are analyse, transfer, restructuring, and evaluation.
Figure 2.2. Translation Process Evaluation and Revision
External Process
Analysis
Restructuring Internal process
Transfering Original Text of
Source Language
Concept, Meaning, Message in Source,
Language
Concept, Meaning, Message in Target
Language Translation Text of
In analysis process, a translator analyze understands the Source Language Text. A translator must analyze and understand the meaningful realtionship between words, gramatical relation, the meanging of its word or word combination, textual meaning, and even contextual.
After having completed the process of analysis which involves both grammatical and semantic aspect of the text, it is essential for the results of the analysis to be transfered from the Source Language into the Target Language. This transfer
process takes place in a translator‟s.
In restructuring process, a translator finds the essential components of words, expression, and their sentence structure. Therefore, the content, meaning, and message of the Source Language can be fully transfered.
After transferring the text into Target Language, the result of translation must be evaluated and revised, or rechecked of the target text in terms of correctness with the source text. If a translator feels that there is still awkwardness in the language, he or she must revise it again.
This theory on translation process is useful for the writter to understand what is actually going on in the mind of a translator when he or she tries to identify the problem in the Source Language text and, then, find the strategies to be applied in the Target Language text.
3.1 Equivalence
The principal purpose of any translation should be to achieve „equivalent
readership of the translation as was acquired on the readership of the orgininal (Newmark, 1981). In doing translation, it is not easy to find an SL word which has a clear one-to-one equivalent in the TL because of the different cultural background in both language. Most language are likely to have equivalents for the more general verb of speech such as say and speak, but many may not have equivalents for the more specific ones. For example, be my guest, would not be equivalent if it is translated into Jadilah tamu saya. It would be equivalent if its is translated into Silahkan. It is translator‟s duty to represent what the Source Language wants to deliver in the Target Language as equal as possible, both in the matter of the message and the reader.
Thus, the most important thing in translating a text is transferring the same mesage as the SL produces. Since both languages, English and Indonesian, have different cultural background, it is very essential to find the closest equivalent in the TL, although it does not pay attention on semantic or grammatical aspect.
C. Theoretical Framework
In this paper, the writer discussed two problems related to the theories and studies by using the translation methods and theories. The first problem formulation focuses on the comparison between TL and SL text. The aim is to identify the exact translation of Wizardry terms in Harry Potter‟s second book. While the second problems in this research focuses on application of Hervey and
Higgins‟ method in translating Wizardry terms from English into Bahasa
The theories based on Hervey and Higgins‟s translation methods are used to
explain the process of translating wizardry terms. There are 5 methods proposed by Hervey and Higgins; exoticism, cultural transplantation, cultural borrowing, communicative translation, and calque. All those methods above are applied in this undergraduate thesis in order to analized the translation process of translating wizardry terms from English into Bahasa Indonesia.
D. Research Framework
This research aims to analyze the translation method used to translate Wizardry terms in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret. The research is started by collecting the Wizardry terms in the novel. From the data collection, the writer chose some sample for further analysis. The writer took random data to be analyzed further.
To achieve precise analysis, the research is divided into two parts. The first section will analyze the translation of wizardry terms in both language, English and Indonesian.
The results from the first analysis is used as reference for the second analysis which focuses on the translation method used by Hervey and Higgins. The results of the second analysis are useful to show what methods are used to translate the specific terms in the book, as well as the conclusion of this study. Explanation of the steps of this research will be stated in the following diagram.
Figure 2.3. Research Diagram
SL Text
Wizardry
terms Analysis part II Further analysis of the Wizardry terms using Hervey and Higgins theory
Result: the most suitable method appropriate to translate the book
Indonesian translation in TL Text
Collecting 30 data of Wizardry terms
Analysis Part I
CHAPTER III
METODHOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
There are two works analyzed in this research. First, is Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret by J.K Rowling. It was published by Bloomsbury Children‟s Book in July 1998 in UK and June 2, 1999 in the USA. This book received the British Book Awards 1998 Children‟s Book of the Year and was No. 1 in the adult hardback bestseller charts for a month after publication. Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret tells about the adventure of Harry Potter in his second year in Hogwarts Magic School. There are many unique terms that are rarely used in our daily world.
The second work is Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia, the translated version of
Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret, translated by Listiana Srisanti and published by PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama Jakarta in October 1999.
The focus of this analysis is the specific terms appeared in the book. Special term could be word, phrase, sentence, or even proper name; Moaning Myrtle for an example. First part of the analysis will be about the comparison between English and Indonesian version, in order to determined the terms are correctly translated or not because they were translated into some different ways.
B. Method of the Study
The writer chose to do study library, because of availabity of the source data. Firstly the writer collected data from source book which is using English;
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret, then searched for the same data from the same book only in Indonesian version; Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia.
Next, the author divided it into several groups according to the function of those terms. The writer also use the help of the English language dictionary; Oxford
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary to compare those terms whether or not they are
accurately translated into Bahasa Indonesia. To check the Indonesian translation, the writer used the dictionary by Echols and Sadily English-Indonesian Dictionary and/or Indonesian-English Dictionary.
C. Research Procedure 1. Object of Data
In this undergraduate paper, to analyze the terms will be used qualitative
data from JK. Rowling‟s Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret, both in English
Version and Indonesian version which translated by Listiana Srisanti, and published by Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Taken from Matthew B. Miles and A
Huberman‟s book Qualitative Data Analysis, the qualitative data is usually in the
form of words rather than numbers (1994:1). The writer chose to focused on the meaning of the specific terms by compared the data in SL and TL text.
translation, so the data would be in pair in both language, English and Indonesia. The data captured in a sentence is stated in complete sentence and then analyzed to find out the strategies that came along with it.
2. Data collection
The writer chose the data of wizardry terms in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret as the main source. The data were taken from all pages in
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret from the whole book randomly. The main data are the unusual words used in most of chapter in the book. All the wizardry terms in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret both SL and TL are underlined to help the writer in highlighting the data. Then, the data in the sentences that have been high-lighted will be listed in a column titled „SL‟. Another column is provided to list the page number and articles of the data. The column is divided into three, for numbering, SL data, to TL data.
[image:35.595.103.516.249.746.2]All the data from SL and TL would be analyzed in the next part. In this way, the data of SL will be listed in order of alphabet. Then, the TL data will follow the data of the SL in the next column. This could be useful in the analysis because the translation of those words and the differences can be seen clearly.
Table 3.1. Example of Data Collection
Code ST Code TT
ST 1/9 He missed the castle, with its secret passageways and ghosts, his classes (though perhaps not Snape, the Potions master), ...
3. Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, the writer used some steps. First of all, the writer listed all specific terms in the SL and TL text in both version to compare. Here, the writer also consulted Oxford Advance Learner‟s English – English Dictionary to find the idea that the author tried to deliver.
Then, the writer matched the idea in the Indonesian version by consulting Echols and Sadily English-Indonesian dictionary, so that it would be easier to compare the idea of SL text and the TL text. The writer analyzed the SL and TL text by finding and bold the words, phrases, or sentences..
Next, the data would be analyzed further by finding the translation strategies applied on them based on Hervey and Higgins‟s theory about translation strategies.
Next, the data analyzed further by finding the translation startegies applied on
them based on Hervey and Higgins‟ theory about translation strategies. The
[image:36.595.102.515.280.656.2]analysis result was put in the table below:
Table 3.2. Table for Data Comparison
Code ST Code TT
ST 2/9 ... ,Quidditch, the most popular sport in the wizarding world (six tall goal posts, four flying balls, and fourteen players on
broomsticks)
Table 3.3. Table for Example of Data Analysis
Code ST Code TT Translation
Strategy ST
3/27
We have received intelligence that a
Hover Charm was used at your place of residence this evening at twelve minutes past nine.
ST 3/31 Kami baru saja menerima laporan mata-mata bahwa
Mantra Melayang baru saja
digunakan di tempat tinggal Anda malam ini pada pukul sembilan lewat dua belas menit.
Communicative
In the SL text „Hover Charm‟ is translated into „Mantra Melayang‟ in the
TL text. In the story, Dobby the House Elf used the Hover Charm to make a cake floating above Uncle Vernon guest‟s head, to threaten Harry not to come back to Hogwarts. The translator uses the word hover which has meaning to stay in the air in one place instead of floating which means to move slowly on water or in air.
The translator uses the word hover to represent the action because both are close in meaning, but not exactly the same, to make it a little bit dramatic.
The writer provided the percentage of data analyzed in their classification using the calculation stated below.
X x 100% = N Y
X: Number of data in each types of translation Y: Number of all qualitative data selected
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter, the writer presents the findings and analysis of the problem stated in Chapter 1. First section, 50 wizardry terms in English and Indonesian version put side by side to compare the translation of each word. The writer is analyzes how is comparison between SL and TL text, and its influence in determining the method useds in the Indonesian translation of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret. The analysis in the first section is the comparison of the data used in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret. Those data are served in. comparison form between English and Indonesian translation side by side.
A. Data Comparison in Both Language
Code ST Code TT
ST 1/9 ... ,Quidditch, the most popular sport in the wizarding world (six tall goal posts, four flying balls, and fourteen players on broomsticks)
ST 1/10 ... , Quidditch, olahraga paling populer di dunia sihir, (enam tiang gawang tinggi, empat bole terbang, dan empat belas pemain diatas sapu terbang).
ST 2/27 We have received intelligence that a Hover Charm was used at your place of residence this evening at twelve minutes past nine.
ST 2/31 Kami baru saja menerima laporan mata-mata bahwa
Mantra Melayang baru saja digunakan di tempat tinggal Anda malam ini pada pukul sembilan lewat dua belas menit. ST 3/36 Load of dung - Dad reckons
he was right in You-Know-Who's inner circle.
ST 3/41 Omong kosong– Dad berpendapat dia orang dekat Kau-Tahu-Siapa.
ST 4/218 "It's either foxes or a Blood-Suckin Bugbear, an' I need the Headmaster's permission ter put a charm around the hen coop."
ST 4/250
“Kalau bukan rubah, tentu
momok penghisap darah, dan aku perlu izin Kepala Sekolah untuk bikin pagar sihir sekeliling kandang ayam.”
ST 5/335 “... He persuaded Dippet to keep Hagrid and train him as
gamekeeper. ...”
ST 5/387
“... Dia membujuk Dippet untuk mempertahankan Hagrid dan melatihnya menjadi pengawas binatang liar. ...”
ST 6/27 Mrs. Mason screamed like a
banshee and ran from the house shouting about lunatics.
ST 6/30 Mr. Mason menjerit seakan melihat hantu dan berlari keluar rumah, berteriak-teriak menuduh mereka gila.
ST 7/50 The ghoul in the attic howled and dropped pipes whenever he felt things were getting too quiet, ....
ST 7/56 Hantu di loteng melolong dan menjatuhkan pipa setiap kali dia merasa suasana terlalu sepi, ...
ST 8/208 Behind him walked a Slytherin girl who reminded Harry of a picture he'd seen in Holidays with Hags.
ST 8/238
Dibelakangnya berjalan seorang anak perempuan Slytherin yang mengingatkan Harry pada foto
hantu perempuan tua jelek sekali yang dilihatnya dalam buku Heboh dengan Hantu. ST 9/63 "I was lookin' fer a
Flesh-Eatin' Slug Repellent," growled Hagrid.
ST 9/72 “Aku sedang cari Pembasmi Siput Pemakan-Daging.” kata
Hagrid geram. ST 10/74 THE WHOMPING
WILLOW ST 10/84 DEDALU PERKASA ST 11/115
MUDBLOODS AND MURMURS.
ST 11/131
DARAH-LUMPUR DAN BISIKAN-BISIKAN ST
12/140
“... Now, after a Kwikspell course, I am the center of attention at parties and friends beg for the recipe
of my Scintillation Solution!"
ST 12/159
“... Sekarang, setelah ikut kursus Mantrakilat, aku jadi pusat perhatian di pesta-pesta dan teman-temanku meminta resep
Cairan Cemerlang-ku!” ST
13/140
“... Now, after a Kwikspell
course, I am the center of attention at parties and friends beg for the recipe of my Scintillation Solution!"
ST 13/159
“... Sekarang, setelah ikut kursus
Mantrakilat, aku jadi pusat perhatian di pesta-pesta dan teman-temanku meminta resep Cairan Cemerlang-ku!”
ST 14/163
Professor Binns, glancing up in the middle of a deadly dull lecture on the International
Warlock Convention of 1289, looked amazed.
ST 14/185
Profesor Binns, mendongak ditengah bacaan super membosankan tentang Konvensi Sihir Internasional tahun 1289, kelihatan kaget. ST
15/174
"No, it's not," said Hermione. "All we'd need would be some Polyjuice Potion."
ST 15/198
“Tidak, itu bukan tidak mungkin,” kata Hermione. “Yang kita perlukan hanyalah
Ramuan Polijus.”
ST 16/176
THEROGUE BLUDGER ST 16/200
BLUDGER GILA ST
17/176
...so far, Harry had been forced to play a simple
ST 17/200
Transylvanian villager whom Lockhart had cured of a Babbling Curse,...
penduduk desa Transylvania sederhana yang disembuhkan Lockhart dari
Kutukan Gagap ... ST
18/180
"Lacewing flies, leeches, fluxweed, and knotgrass," she murmured, running her finger down the list of ingredients
ST 18/205
“Serangga sayap-renda, lintah, mostar, dan knotgrass- tanaman rendah berbunga dadu dan berdaun biru keabu-abuan,”
dia bergumam, jarinya menyusuri daftar bahan yang diperlukan.
ST 19/180
“... Shredded skin of
Boomslang, that‟s definitely
not in the student‟ cupboard. ”
ST 19/205
“... Kulit ular pohon, jelas ini tidak ada di lemari siswa. ...”
ST 20/203
"Silence! SILENCE!" Snape roared. "Anyone who has been splashed, come here for a Deflating Draught - when I find out who did this -"
ST 20/233
“Diam! DIAM!” raung Snape. “Siapa saja yang kecipratan, ke sini untuk mendapatkan
Ramuan Pengempis. Kalau aku tahu siapa yang melakukan ini...”
ST 21/212
`A Parselmouth!" said Ron. "You can talk to snakes!"
ST 21/242
“Parselmouth!” kata Ron.
“Kau bisa bicara dengan ular!” ST 22/79 Harry had inherited just one
thing from his father: a long and silvery Invisibility Cloak.
ST 22/321-322
Harry hanya mewarisi satu benda dari ayahnya: Jubah Gaib panjang keperakan, yang bisa membuat pemakainya tidak kelihatan.
ST 23/255
"You know, what the school needs now is a morale-booster.”
ST 23/293
“Kau tahu, yang diperlukan sekolah sekarang adalah
pengobar semangat.”
ST 24/67 ... they met Fred, George, and Lee Jordan, who were
stocking up on Dr.
Filibuster's FabulousWet-Start, No-Heat Fireworks, ...
ST 24/76
“... mereka bertemu Fred, George, dan Lee Jordan, yang sedang membeli „Kembang Api Awal-Basah, Tanpa Panas Dr
Filibuster’, ....”
ST 25/145
Harry wasn‟t suprise to see that the Bloody Baron, a gaunt, staring Slytherin ghost covered in silver bloodstains, was being given a wide berth by the othe ghosts.
ST 25/165
Harry tidak heran melihat
Baron Berdarah, hantu Slytherin yang pucat dan galak, serta bebercak-bercak darah keperakan, dihindari oleh hantu-hantu lain.
ST 26/146
Unlike the ghost around them, Peeves the poltergeist
was the very reverse of pale and transparent.
ST 26/167
Tidak seperti hantu-hantu disekeliling mereka, Peeves si hantu jahil tidak pucat ataupun transparan.
ST 27/148
“The Wailing Widow came all the way up from Kent... It‟s nearly time for my
ST 27/168
speech, I‟d better go and
warn the orchestra...” memberikan sambutan, lebih baik aku beritahu orkesnya. ST
28/190
Madam Pomfrey was holding a large bottle of something labelled ‘Skele-Gro’
ST 28/217
Madam Pomfrey membawa botol besar berlabel „
Skele-Gro’- Penumbuh Tulang.
ST 29/229
Harry found it peaceful, rather than gloomy, and enjoyed the fact that he, Hermione and the Weasleys had the run od Griffindor Tower, which meant they could play Exploding Snap
loudly without bothering anyone, and practise dueling in private.
ST 29/262
Alih-alih suram, Harry
menganggapnya damai, dan dia senang sekali hanya dia, Ron, dan Hermione yang tinggal di Menara Griffindor. Itu berarti mereka bisa bermain kartu Exploding Snap dengan seru tanpa mengganggu siapapun, dan berlatih duel tanpa ada yang melihat.
ST 30/289
Professor Sprout set them all to work pruning the
Abyssinian Shrivelfigs.
ST 30/332
Profesor Sprout menyuruh mereka memangkasi dahan dan ranting-ranting kering pohon ara Abbyssinia.
B. Methods Applied in Translating the Wizardry terms
The second question will be answered through the description of the first analysis. To analyze the methods applied to translate the wizardry terms in the Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret, the cultural transposision of Hervey and Higgins will be used here. The analysis of the method will be stated as follows: 1. Exoticism method
Exoticism method is used to give “exotic” nuance to the translation, it also
called as “decenterring”. This method is found in some terms in the novel. The writer found 14 terms which are used this method.
Code ST Code TT Translation
The phrase mudbloods is not familiar in our daily life. It translated into
darah-lumpur because that was the closest meaning with the ST. There is no other term suitable to translate the original phrase. It used word to word translation to translate this phrase. Precisely because the translation sounded strange, unfamiliar, it left a unique impression on the word itself.
Code ST Code TT Translation
Method ST
21/212
`A Parselmouth!" said Ron. "You can talk to snakes!"
ST 21/242
“Parselmouth!” kata
Ron.
“Kau bisa bicara dengan ular!”
Exoticism
Parseltongue is the language of serpents (as well as other magical
serpent-based creatures, like the Runespoor) and those who can converse with them. An individual who can speak Parseltongue is known as a Parselmouth. It is a very uncommon skill, and is typically hereditary. Nearly all known
Parselmouths are descended from Salazar Slytherin with Harry Potter being a notable exception. Parselmouth is an imaginative term related to the book only, it cannot be applied in the daily life. This term has no way to be translated into a simple yet obvoius, so the translator left it untranslated, for the sake of exoticism itself. The ideology of this is to foreignize the ST, and it completely achieved in this part.
Code ST Code TT
ST 9/63 "I was lookin' fer a Flesh-Eatin' Slug Repellent," growled Hagrid.
ST 9/72 “Aku sedang cari Pembasmi Siput
There are two things that need to be highlighted in this part, those are the clause Flesh-Eatin Slug and the word Repellent. Repellent is a substance that is used for keeping insects away from you or in another word in Indonesian is pembasmi serangga. Second is the word Flesh-Eatin Slug. Slug means a small soft creature, like a snail without a shell, that moves very slowly and often eats garden
plants. The word slug is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell. This is in contrast to the common name "snail", which is applied to gastropods that have a coiled shell that is large enough that the soft parts of the animal can retract fully into it. The translator chose to use the word siput because that is the common name for this animal, most of the readers know it. As we all know, slug and snail are herbivorous animals, means
they eat plants. In this story, Hagrid‟s slug are carnivorous, they destroyed his
cabbage. That is the reason he looked for a repellent.
The translation of both words are quite equivalent, because the main idea is the same, even in the story the slug is flash-eating animal, it is just for the
matter of readers‟ imagination. The translation of word repellent is also
acceptable. The idea of the word, a device (liquid-form) to slay harmful animals, is exactly matched.
Code ST Code TT
ST 10/74
THE WHOMPING WILLOW
ST 10/84 DEDALU PERKASA
smahses its branches at those who approach it too close. In this part, there are two words that need to be analyzed; the word willow and whomping.
Willow tree is known as Gandarusa or Dedalu tree based on dictionary translation, without any addition, change, or modification. It usually live in northern hemisphere, and rarely found in Indonesia. Listiana Srisanti used the exact translation of willowto avoid readers‟ confusion. In case the readers want to
know about willow tree or dedalu they will google about it and found exactly what they are looking for, because the real description and its description in the book are closely the same; long thick branches and leaves plus little bit creative imagination. Next to the word whomping.
Whomping is from the root of whomp, means (n) a loud, heavy blow or thud; (v) to hit or strike; or (v) to defeat soundly, trounce. As its appearance in the book, this is a giant destructive and dangerous tree, standing all mighty next to the Great Lake. The translator used perkasa as the translation because of its appearance in the book. While the meaning of the word perkasa is kuat dan tangguh serta berani; gagah berani. The representation of the mighty Whomping Willow is more or less matched with the meaning of the word perkasa.
2. Cultural borrowing method
This method is particularly to transfer a ST expression faithfully into the TT. Usually, this method is used when it shows impossibility to find a suitable TT expression for translating the original term. Some culturally-loaded terms are borrowed and sometimes are naturalized or transliterated.
Code ST Code TT Translation
Method ST
13/140
“... Now, after a
Kwikspell course, I am the center of attention at parties and friends beg for the recipe
of my Scintillation Solution!"
ST 13/159
“... Sekarang, setelah ikut kursus
Mantrakilat, aku jadi pusat perhatian di pesta-pesta dan teman-temanku meminta resep Cairan Cemerlang-ku!”
Cultural borrowing
Kwikspell is a correspondence course in beginner's magic run by the Kwikspell Company. The course is designed to help adult witches and wizards brush up on their magical skills. Kwikspell came from the words quick and spell, and translated into mantrakilat. From the original words, the meaning is the same. The translation is faithfully translated from the source text and did not change the meaning.Therefore, the translation is acceptable.
Code ST Code TT Translation
Method ST
15/174
"No, it's not," said Hermione. "All we'd need would be some
Polyjuice Potion."
ST 15/198
“Tidak, itu bukan tidak mungkin,” kata
Hermione. “Yang kita perlukan hanyalah
Ramuan Polijus.”
Polyjuice Potion is a very complicated potion that allows the drinker to assume the form of someone else. The translation of it became Ramuan Polijus in the pure translation, and can be said that the term of Polijuice Potion is neutralized. The pronounciaton of the Polijuice itself became the basic translation. Another consideration is the sound is matched with Indonesian pronounciation of the word Polyjuice.
3. Calque method
Calque method is not used to translate word but sentence or phrase. Also used to translate idiomatic expression from ST to TT. In essence, calque is a from or literal translation. Sometimes calque shows a sign of a certain degree of exoticism, bringing into the cultural foreignness and strangeness of the source cultures.
Code ST Code TT Translation
Method ST
4/218
"It's either foxes or a
Blood-Suckin Bugbear, an' I need the Headmaster's permission ter put a charm around the hen coop."
ST 4/250
“Kalau bukan rubah, tentu momok
penghisap darah, dan aku perlu izin Kepala Sekolah untuk bikin pagar sihir sekeliling kandang ayam.”
Calque
translator translated it as same as the original text (faithful translation). In other hand, the translator translated it that way to make the translation more interesting for the readers.
Code ST Code TT Translation
Method ST
24/67
... they met Fred, George, and Lee Jordan, who were stocking up on Dr. Filibuster's
Fabulous Wet-Start, No-Heat Fireworks, ...
ST 24/76
“... mereka bertemu Fred, George, dan Lee Jordan, yang sedang
membeli „Kembang
Api Awal-Basah, Tanpa Panas Dr
Filibuster’, ....”
Calque
In this part, there is something different with the other. There is an omition of a word fabulous in the Indonesian version. The word fabulous is actually used to describe that Dr. Filibuster Wet-Start, No-Heat Fireworks‟ is fantastis or great. Because the omition the word fabulous, the translation became so plain. In the story, Hogwarts-trouble-maker trio (Fred George and Lee Jordan) like to make people wowing them, shake head because of their jokes, creativity, or even their mischievousness. Somehow, the omition make TT became an incomplete sentence, a bit weird. This can be called as faithful translation.
Code ST Code TT
ST 3/36 Load of dung - Dad reckons he was right in You-Know-Who's inner circle.
ST 3/41 Omong kosong – Dad berpendapat dia orang dekat Kau-Tahu-Siapa.
which means something that do not matter, something useless, a non-sense. In Indonesia version it is translated as „omong kosong‟ which means talk about something non-sense, talk about something unimportant. Basically they have a same idea, that is unimportant matter. Therefore, the use of words „omong
kosong‟ is acceptable to translate the idiom „Load of dung‟ because they have the
same effect on the reader, even though the literal meaning is not the same. That‟s how the idiom worked.
Code ST Code TT
ST 17/176
...so far, Harry had been forced to play a simple Transylvanian villager whom Lockhart had cured of a Babbling Curse,...
ST 17/200 ... sejauh ini Harry sudah dipaksa berperan sebagai penduduk desa
Transylvania sederhana yang disembuhkan Lockhart dari Kutukan Gagap ...
Babble means sounds of many people speaking at the same time, or talking that is confused or silly and is difficult to understand. In Indonesia it usually called as mengoceh. Different with „gagap‟ or in English it called stutter or
stammer, means to have difficultiy speaking because you cannot stop yourself from repeating the first sound of some words several times.
There is a big differences here. The word babble cannot be translated into gagap, because gagap is more like someone‟s disability in speaking, while babble is unclear sound produced by several people talk in the same time.
4. Communicative method
Communicative method is emphasized on the message meaning. The form is structured in such a way that it was acceptable to the TT readers. This method is oftenly used to translate difficult words or phrases to avoid readers‟ confusion.
Code ST Code TT Translation
Method ST
8/208
Behind him walked a Slytherin girl who reminded Harry of a picture he'd seen in Holidays with Hags
ST 20/238
Dibelakangnya berjalan seorang anak perempuan Slytherin yang
mengingatkan Harry pada foto hantu perempuan tua jelek sekali yang dilihatnya dalam buku Heboh dengan Hantu.
Communi-cative
Communicative method usually comes along with additional explanation or information to make the translation acceptable for the readers. Additional information also used for emphasizing the meaning of the original text (ST). This is one example of communicative translation with additional note. Not many people know about what hags is. Based on dictionary, hags is an ugly and/or unpleasant old woman. In Indonesian culture people is reffering to a figure of
Nenek Lampir. To relate it to the story, the translator made the figure of hags
become a ghost of ugly old woman. As the reader knew that in every home-room in Hogwarts there are many paintings of the anhestors, former headmasters, famous people, etc and most of the people in the paintings are dead. That is why
hags there associated with ghost. The additional note, make the figure of hags
Code ST Code TT Translation Method ST
5/335
“... He persuaded Dippet to keep Hagrid and train him as gamekeeper. ...”
ST 59/387
“... Dia membujuk Dippet untuk
mempertahankan Hagrid dan melatihnya menjadi
pengawas binatang liar. ...”
Communi-cative
First thing comes in mind when thinking about gamekeeper, it must be like a refree in a game. However, the actual meaning of gamekeeper is the person whose job is to take care of and breed wild animals and birds that are kept on
private land in order to be hunted. Thus, the actual meaning has nothing to do with any kind of game. Actually a game keeper is like a animal-keeper in the zoo. In the book, Hagrid is the gamekeeper. He had responsibility to take care and protect all creature and plant in Hogwarts area. The Indonesian version, it is translated into pengawas binatang liar. The translation is completely acceptable, because it has been adapted to the character of Hagrid based on the story.
Communicative method was very usefull to avoid readers‟ misunderstanding and confusion.
Code ST Code TT
ST 2/27 We have received intelligence that a Hover Charm was used at your place of residence this evening at twelve minutes past nine.
ST 2/31 Kami baru saja menerima laporan mata-mata bahwa
In the SL text „Hover Charm‟ is translated into „Mantra Melayang‟ in the
TL text. In the story, Dobby the House Elf used the Hover Charm to make a cake
floating above Uncle Vernon guest‟s head, to threaten Harry not to come back to
Hogwarts. The translator uses the word hover which has meaning to stay in the air in one place instead of floating which means to move slowly on water or in air. The translator uses the word hover to represent the action because both are close in meaning, but not exactly the same, to make it a little bit dramatic.
Code ST Code TT
ST 7/50 The ghoul in the attic howled and dropped pipes whenever he felt things were getting too quiet, ...
ST 7/56 Hantu di loteng melolong dan menjatuhkan pipa setiap kali dia merasa suasana terlalu sepi, ...
Everybody know about ghost, and most of people believe its existance, seen or unseen. According to Oxford Dictionary, ghost means the spirit of a dead person that a living person believes they can see or hear. It excatly the definition of ghost we all know.
Good or bad, it still ghost. Indeed in our culture there are many kinds of ghost, but most of us generalized it as ghost. While ghoul means (in stories) an evil spirit that opens graves and eats the dead bodies in them.
In Indonesia, deep inside in Dayak tribe‟s culture, there is a ghost that is
almost the same with ghoul, they called it Bumburaya. There is a legend or old myth about it, about a young man named Tanghi, who was adopted by a widower in his village. Someday the widower dead and left him alone with nobody else. At
ferociously digging to find the body in it, try to eat it. It is brief story about Bumburaya, the ghost-eating corpses.
(http://kerajaanbanjar.wordpress.com/2007/03/27/balian-mambur-ilmu-hantu-pemakan-mayat/)
The translator generalised it and used the word „ghost‟ because not many
people know about Bumburaya. Moreover it just a myth, because it is a story that the part of a culture that passed down from generation to generation until now. So the writer concluded that the translation is matched.
Code ST Code TT
ST 1/9 ... ,Quidditch, the most popular sport in the wizarding world
(six tall goal posts, four flying balls, and fourteen players on broomsticks)
ST 1/10 ... , Quidditch, olahraga paling populer di dunia sihir, (enam tiang gawang tinggi, empat bole terbang, dan empat belas pemain diatas sapu terbang).
The word broomstick is translated into sapu terbang. Actually the Indonesian meaning of broomstick is batang sapu, or in En
