• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Hubungan antara Kualitas Hidup yang Terkait Kesehatan Mulut dengan Status Nutrisi pada Lanjut Usia

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Membagikan "Hubungan antara Kualitas Hidup yang Terkait Kesehatan Mulut dengan Status Nutrisi pada Lanjut Usia"

Copied!
8
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

68 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Agarwal, N., Gupta, N.D., Tiwari, R.K., Garg, A.M., dan Yadav, P., (2015) Assessment of Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and It’s Association with Malnutrition Risk in The Elderly. TMU J Dent. 2(2): 41–

43.

Agus, H., Savitri, A., dan Subita, G.P., (2013) Pengaruh Praktik Higiene terhadap Profil Kesehatan Rongga Mulut pada Manula di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 03 Ciracas. Makassar Dental Journal. 2(2): 1–7.

Agustina, D., Hanindriyo, L., Widita, E., dan Widyaningrum, (2018) The Correlation between Occurrence of Dental Caries and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Elderly Population in Yogyakarta Special Region. J Med Sci. 50(2): 191–200.

Ahmad, M.H., Salleh, R., Nor, N.S.M., Baharuddin, A., Hasani, W.S.R., Omar, A., Jamil, A.T., Appukutty., Muda, W.A.M.W.M., dan Aris, T., (2018) Comparison between Self-reported Physical Activity (IPAQ-SF) and Pedometer among Overweight and Obese Women in The MyBFF@home tudy. BMC Women’s Health. 18(1): 86–98.

Ahmed, N., Choe, Y., Mustadm V.A., Chakraborty, S., Goates, S., Luo, M., dan Mechanick, J.I., (2018) Impact of Malnutrition on Survival and Healthcare Utilization in Medicare Beneficiaries with Diabetes: a Retrospective Cohort Analysis. BMJ Open Diab Res Care. 6(1): 1–9.

Almatsier, S., Soetardjo, S., dan Soekatri, M., (2013) Gizi Seimbang dalam Daur Kehidupan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pusta Utama. h. 381.

Alshammari, M., Baseer, M.A., Ingle, N.A., Assery, M.K., dan Khadhari, M.A.A., (2018) Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Elderly People with Edentulous Jaws in Hafar Al-Batin Region, Saudi Arabia. JISPD. 8(6):

495–502.

Amarya, S., Singh, K., dan Sabharwal, M., (2015) Changes During Aging and Their Association with Malnutrition. JCGG. 6(3): 78–84.

Amurwaningsih, M., Darjono, U.N.A., (2010) Analisis Hubungan Kualitas Hidup yang Berhubungan dengan Kesehatan Mulut (OHRQoL) dan Status Kecemasan dengan Status Nutrisi pada Masyarakat Usia Lanjut. Majalah Ilmiah Sultan Agung. 48(123): 46–54.

Andriani, M., dan Wirjatmadi, B., (2016a) Pengantar Gizi Masyarakat. Ed. 1.

Jakarta: Kencana. h. 212, 255-256.

Andriani, M., dan Wirjatmadi, B., (2016b) Peranan Gizi dalam Siklus Kehidupan.

Ed. 1. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group. h. 461-466.

Anshori, M., dan Iswati, S., (2017) Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Ed. 2.

(2)

Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. h. 109-113.

Asgari, F., Majidi, A., Koohpayehzadeh, J., Etemad, K., dan Rafei, A., (2015) Oral Hygiene Status in a General Population of Iran, 2011: A Key Lifestyle Marker in Relation to Common Risk Factors of Non- Communicable Diseases. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 4(6): 343–352.

Asmadi, (2008) Teknik Prosedural Konsep & Aplikasi Kebutuhan Dasar Klien.

Ed. 1. Jakarta: Salemba Medika. h. 67.

Astriana, K., Wiboworini, B. dan Kusnandar, (2018) Hubungan Rentang Lengan, Tinggi Lutut, Panjang Ulna dengan Tinggi Badan Lansia Perempuan di Kecamatan Sewon. Ilmu Gizi Indonesia. 1(2):87–92.

Atchison, K.A., dan Dolan, T.A., (1990) Development of The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Journal of Dental Education, 54(11): 680–687.

Badan Pusat Statistik, (2018) Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia 2018. Jakarta. h.

4,14.

Badan Pusat Statistik, (2019a) Statistik Indonesia 2019. Jakarta. h. 84.

Badan Pusat Statistik, (2019b) Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia 2019. Jakarta. h.

12.

Baiju, R.M., Peter, E., Varghese, N., dan Sivaram, R., (2017) Oral Health and Quality of Life: Current Concepts. JCDR. 11(6): 21-26.

Banerjee, R., Chahande, J., Banerjee, S., dan Radke, U., (2019) Evaluation of Relationship between Nutritional Status and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Complete Denture Wearers. Indian J Dent. 29(5): 562-567.

Barrios, R., Tsakos, G., Garcia-Medina, B., Martinez-Lara., I., dan Bravo, M., (2014) Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Malnutrition in Patients Treated for Oral Cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer, 22(11): 2927–2933.

Batista, M. J., Lawrence, H. P. dan de Sousa, M. da L. R., (2014) Impact of Tooth Loss Related to Number and Position on Oral Health Quality of Life among Adults. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 12(1): 165–174.

Baumgartner, W., Schimmel, M. dan Müller, F., (2015) Oral Health and Dental Care of Elderly Adults Dependent on Care. Swiss Dental Journal. 125(4):

417–426.

Budiarto, E., (2004) Metodologi Penelitian Kedoteran: Sebuah Pengantar.

Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. h. 58-68.

Budiharto. (2008) Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan dengan Contoh Bidang Ilmu Kesehatan Gigi. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. h. 30.

Carsel, H.S.R.R., (2018) Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan dan Pendidikan. Ed. 1.

(3)

Bantul: Penebar Media Pustaka. h. 210, 220.

Chaffe B.W., Rodrigues, P.H., Kramer, P.F., Vitolo, M.R., dan Feldens, C.A., (2017) Socioeconomic Status and Caries Experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 45(3): 216–224.

Chandra, B., (2009) Ilmu Kedokteran Pencegahan Komunitas. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. h. 266-267.

Christy, J., dan Bancin, L.J., (2020) Status Gizi Lansia. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.

h. 15-16.

Chu, C.H., Pang, K.K.L. dan Lo, E.C.M., (2010) Dietary Behavior and Knowledge of Dental Erosion among Chinese Adults. BMC Oral Health.

10(13): 1–7.

Cousson, P.Y., Bessadet, M., Nicolas, M., Veyrune, J., Bruno, L., dan Lassauzay, C., (2012) Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake and Oral Quality of Life in Elderly Complete Denture Wearers. Gerodontology. 29(2): 685–692.

Damiao, R., Santos, A.S., dan Menezes, P.R., (2017) Factors Associated with Risk of Malnutrition in The Elderly in South-Eastern Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 20(4): 598–610.

Efendi, F. dan Makhfudli. (2009) Keperawatan Kesehatan Komunitas. Ed. 1.

Jakarta: Salemba Medika. h. 242-245

Ekasari, M.F., Riasmini, N.M., Hartini, T., (2018) Meningkatkan Kualitas Hidup Lansia: Konsep dan Berbagai Strategi Intervensi. Malang: Wineka Media.

h. 45.

Eremenko, M., Pink, C., Biffar, R., (2016) Cross-sectional Association between Physical Strength, Obesity, Periodontitis, and Number of Teeth in a General Population. J Clin Periodontal. 43(1):401-407.

Fatmah, S.K.M., (2010) Gizi Usia Lanjut. Jakarta: Erlangga. h. 3, 23, 33.

Felton, D., Cooper, L., Duqum, I., Minsley, G., Guckes, A., Haug, S., Meredith, P., Solie, C., Avery, D., dan Chandler, N.D., (2011) Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Care and Maintenance of Complete Dentures: A Publication of the American College of Prosthodontists. Journal of Prosthodontics on Complete and Removable Dentures. 20(1): 3–17.

Festi, P.W., (2018a) Lanjut Usia Perspektif dan Masalah. Surabaya: UM Surabaya Publishing. h. 6-13.

Festi, P.W., (2018b) Buku Ajar Gizi dan Diet. Surabaya: UMSurabaya Publishing.

h. 107.

Fitrah, M., dan Luthfiyah, (2017) Metodologi Penelitian: Penelitian Kualitatif, Tindakan Kelas & Studi Kasus. Sukabumi: Jejak Publisher. h. 63.

(4)

Gil-Montoya, J.A., Subira, C., Ramon, J.M., dan Gonzalez-Moles, M.A., (2008) Oral Health-related Quality of Life and Nutritional Status. Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 68(2): 88–93.

Goel, K., Singh, S.V., Chand, P., Rao, J., Tripathi, S., Kumar, L., Mahdi, A.A., dan Singh, K., (2016) Impact of Different Prosthodontics Treatment Modalities on Nutritional Parameters of Elderly Patients. JOPR. 25(1):

66–73.

Guigoz, Y., Lauque, S., dan Vellas, B.J., (2002) Identifying The Elderly at Risk for Malnutrition The Mini Nutritional Assessment. Clin Geriatr Med.

18(1): 737–757.

Gunawan, F., dan Hastuti, H.B.P., (2018) Senarai Penelitian Pendidikan, Hukum, dan Ekonomi di Sulawesi Tenggara. Yogyakarta: Deepublish. h. 150-151.

Hanief, Y.N., dan Himawanto, W., (2017) Statistik Pendidikan. Yogyakarta:

Deepublish. h. 63.

Harada, S., Akhter, R., Kurita, K., Mori, M., Hoshikoshi, M., Tamashiro, H., dan Morita, M., (2005) Relationships Between Lifestyle and Dental Health Behaviors in a Rural Population in Japan. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 33(1): 17–24.

Herlina, V., (2019) Panduan Praktis Mengolah Data Kuesioner Menggunakan SPSS. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. h. 83.

Hulu, V.T., dan Sinaga, T.R., (2019) Analisis Data Statistik Parametrik Aplikasi SPSS dan STATCAL (Sebuah Pengantar untuk Kesehatan). Medan:

Yayasan Kita Menulis. h. 8, 9, 38.

Jahangiry, L., Bagheri, R., Darabi, F., Sarbakhsh, P., Sistani, M.M.N., dan Ponnet, K., (2020) Oral Health Status and Associated Lifestyle Behaviors in a Sample of Iranian Adults: An Exploratory Household Survey. BMC Oral Health. 20(82): 1–9.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI., (2013) Gambaran Kesehatan Lanjut Usia di Indonesia. Jakarta. h. 1-4.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI., (2017) Analisis Lansia di Indonesia. Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Jakarta Selatan. h. 1.

Komiyama, M., Wada, H., Ura, S., Yamakage, H., Satoh-Asahara, N., Shimatsu, A., Koyaman, H., Kono, K., Takahashi, Y., Hasegawa, K., (2013) Analysis of Factors That Determine Weight Gain During Smoking Cessation Therapy. PLoS ONE. 8(8): 1–6.

Kuo, H.C., Wang R.H., Wang, J.C., dan Yang, Y.H., (2018) Assessing a Conceptual Model with Both Oral Health and Health Related Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Elders. Arch of Gerontol Geriatr. 79(100):

(5)

27–31.

Lemeshow, S., Hosmer, D.W.J., Klar, J., dan Lwanga, S.K., (1990) Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies. Colchester: John Wiley & Sons. h. 42.

Lestari, M.W., dan Weta, I.W., (2017) Status Gizi Lansia Berdasarkan Pengetahuan dan Aktivitas Fisik di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sukawati 1, Gianyar, Bali. JKK. 4(2): 56–63.

Madhuri, S., Hedge, S.S., Ravi, S., Deepti, A., dan Simply, M., (2014) Comparison of Chewing Ability, Oral Health Related Quality of Life and Nutritional Status Before and After Insertion of Complete Denture Amongs Edentulous Patients in a Dental College of Pune. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences. 24(3): 253–260.

Maille, G., Saliba-Serre, B., Ferrandez, A.M., dan Ruquet, M., (2019) Objective and Perceived Oral Health Status of Elderly Nursing Home Residents: a Local Survey in Southern France. Clinical Interventions in Aging.

14:1141–1151.

Maryam, R.S., Ekasari, M.F., Rosidawati, Jubaedi, A., dan Batubara, I., (2008) Mengenal Usia Lanjut dan Perawatannya. Ed. 1. Jakarta: Salemba Medika. h. 127, 128, 132.

Moenadjat, Y., Kekalih, A., Friska, D., dan Panigoro, S.S., (2020) Penelitian Bedah. Ed. 2. Jakarta: UI Publishing. h. 67.

Moynihan, P., Bradbury, J., dan Muller, F., (2011) Dietary Consequences of Oral Health in Frail Elders. Dalam: MacEntee, M.I., ed. Oral Healthcare and the Frail Elder: A Clinical Perspective. Iowa: Blackwell Publisbhing Ltd.

h. 73,74,78.

Muhith, A., dan Siyoto, S., (2016) Pendidikan Keperawatan Gerontik. Ed. 1.

Yogyakarta: Penerbit ANDI. h. 17, 43.

Murariu, A., Hanganu, C., dan Bobu, L., (2010) Evaluation of the Reliability of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) in Institutionalised Elderly in Romania: A Pilot Study. OHDMBSC. 9(1): 11–15.

Musacchio, E., Perissinotto, E., Binotto, P., Sartori, L., Silva-Netto, S., Zambon, S., Manzato, E., Corti, M.C., Baggio, G., dan Crepaldi, G., (2007) Tooth Loss in The Elderly and Its Association with Nutritional Status, Socio- Economic and Lifestyle Factors. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 65(2):

78–86.

Nanri, H., Yamada, Y., Itoi, A., Yamagata, E., Watanabe, Y., Yoshida, T., Miyake, M., Date, H., Ishikawa-Takata, K., Yoshida, M., Kikutani, T., dan Kimura, M., (2017) Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and The Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Japanese Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study From The Kyoto-Kameoka Study. Nutrients. 9(12):

1–14.

(6)

Nazemi, L., Skoog, I., Karlsson, I., Hosseini, S., Mohammadi, M.R., Hosseini, M., Hosseunzade, M.J., Mesbah-Namin, S.A., dan Baikpour, M., (2015) Malnutrition, Prevalence and Relation to Some Risk Factors among Elderly Residents of Nursing Homes in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Public Health.

44(2): 218–227.

Noor, J., (2017) Metodologi Penelitian: Skripsi, Tesis, Disertasi & Karya Ilmiah.

Ed. 1. Jakarta: Kencana. h. 130-132.

Nursalam (2008) Konsep & Metode Keperawatan. Ed. 2. Jakarta: Salemba Medika. h. 82, 83, 87-89.

Oktavia, N., (2015) Sistematika Penulisan Karya Ilmiah. Ed. 1. Yogyakarta:

Deepublish. h. 56.

Osta, N.E., Osta, L.E., Lassauzay, C., Ghosn, M., Jeannin, S.T., (2019) Oral Health and Chemotherapy Act as Cofactors in Malnutrition in The Elderly with Other Cancers than Head and Neck Malignancies. Clinical Oral Investigations. 23(1):235–243.

Patel, P., Shivakumar, K., Patil, S., Suresh, K.V., dan Kadashetti, V., (2015) Association of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Nutritional Status among Elderly Population of Satara District, Western Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry. 13(3): 269-273.

Petersen, P.E., Kaldeman D., Arpin, S., Ogawa, H., (2010) Global Oral Health of Older People - Call for Public Health Action. Community Dental Health.

2(27): 257–268.

Pillai, R. S., Vijay, P.M., Jain, V., Shah, N., Kalra, S., Kumar, P., dan Dey, A.B., (2015) Association between Dental Prosthesis Need, Nutritional Status and Quality of Life of Elderly Subjects. Qual Life Res. 24(12): 2863–2871.

Pindobilowo, (2018) Pengaruh Oral Hygiene Terhadap Malnutrisi Pada Lansia.

JITEKGI. 14(1): 1–5.

Pioh, C., Siagian, K.V. and Tendean, L., (2018) Hubungan antara Jumlah Kehilangan Gigi dengan Status Gizi pada Lansia di Desa Kolongan Atas II Kecamatan Sonder. e-GIGI. 6(2):143-150.

Pistorius, J., Horn, J.G., Pistorius, A., dan Kraft, J., (2013) Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Removable Dentures. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed, 123(11):964–971.

Purnomo, W., dan Bramantoro, T., (2020) Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian Bidang Kesehatan. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. h. 76-81.

Putten, G.J.V.D., Visschere, L.D., Maarel-Wierink, C.V.D., Vanobbergen, J., dan Schols, J., (2013) The Importance of Oral Health in (Frail) Elderly People - A Review. European Geriatric Medicine. 4(5): 339–344.

Rashid, A.K., dan Azizah, A.M., (2011) Prevalence of Hypertension among The

(7)

Elderly Malays Living in Rural Malaysia. AMJ. 4(6): 283–290.

Riyanto, S., dan Hatmawan, A.A., (2020) Metode Riset Penelitian Kuantitatif.

Yogyakarta: Deepublish. h. 13-14.

Roessler, D.M., (2003) Complete Denture Success for Patients and Dentists.

International Dental Journal. 53(5): 340–345.

Rosli, T.I., Chan, Y.M., Kadir, R.A., dan Hamid, T.A.B., (2019) Association between Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Nutritional Status among Older Adults in District of Kuala Pilah, Malaysia. BMC Public Health.

4(19): 1–8.

Samnieng, P., Ueno, M., Shinada, K., dan Zaitsu, T., (2011) Oral Health Status and Chewing Ability is Related to Mini-nutritional Assessment Results in an Older Adult Population in Thailand. Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics. 30(3): 291–304.

Santoso, H., dan Ismail, A., (2009) Memahami Krisis Lanjut Usia. Jakarta:

Gunung Mulia. h. 20, 64-65.

Sarbini, D., Zulaekah, S., dan Isnaeni, F.N., (2019) Gizi Geriatri. Surakarta:

Muhammadiyah University Press. h. 30.

Schreiber, A., Alsabban, L., Fulmer, T., dan Glickman, R., (2017) Geriatric Dentistry: Maintaining Oral Health in The Geriatric Population. Dalam:

Fillit, H.M., Rockwood, K., dan Yoing, J., ed. Brocklehurst’s Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. Ed. 8. Philadelphia: Elsevier. h.

923–924.

Sheiham, A., Steele, J.G., Marcenes, W., Tsakos, G., Finch, S., dan Walls, A.W.G., (2001) Prevalence of Impacts of Dental and Oral Disorders and Their Effects on Eating among Older People; a National Survey in Great Britain. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 29(3): 195–203.

Shi, R., Duan, J., Deng, Y., Tu, Q., Cao, Y., Zhang, M., Zhu, Q., dan Lu, Y., (2015) Nutritional Status of an Elderly Population in Southwest China: a Cross-Sectional Study Based on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. J Nutr Health Aging. 19(1): 26–32.

Singleton J.K., DiGregorio, R.V., Green-Hernandez, C., Holzemer, S.P., Faber, E.V., Ferrata, L.R., Slyer, J., (2015) Primary Care: an Interprofessional Perspective. Ed. 2. New York: Springer Publishing Company. h. 22.

Suastika, K., (2018) Penuaan, Diabetes, dan Insulin. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. h. 1.

Sujarweni, V.W., dan Utami, L.R., (2019) The Master Book of SPSS. Yogyakarta:

Anak Hebat Indonesia. h. 113.

Sunaryo, Wijayanti, R., Kuhu, M.M., Sumedi, T., Widayanti, E.D., Sukrillah, U.A., Riyadi, S., Kuswati, A., (2015) Asuhan Keperawatan Gerontik. Ed.

(8)

1. Yogyakarta: Penerbit ANDI. h. 35-36.

Suryadinata, R.V., Lorensia, A., dan Sari, R.K., (2017) Differences in Nutrition Food Intake and Body Mass Index between Smoker and Non-smoker in Adult. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. 6(3): 171–180.

Sutomo, B., dan Anggraini, D.Y., (2010) Menu Sehat Alami untuk Batita &

Balita. Jakarta Selatan: Demedi. h. 271.

Swarjana, I.K., (2016) Statistik Kesehatan. Ed. 1. Yogyakarta: Penerbit ANDI. h.

20-21, 25, 220.

Tamher,S., dan Noorkasiani, (2009) Kesehatan Usia Lanjut dengan Pendekatan Asuhan Keperawatan. Jakarta: Salemba Medika. h. 18, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 75.

Tierney, M., Fraser, A., dan Kennedy, N., (2015) Criterion Validity of The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) for Use in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comparison with The Sense Wear Armband. Physiotherapy. 101(2): 193–197.

Wajhillah, R., Wibowo, A., dan Bahri, S., (2019) Cobit: Implementasi pada Tata Kelola Si Penyu. Sukabumi: Jejak Publisher. h. 45.

Widi, R.K., (2018) Menggelorakan Penelitian. Ed. 1. Yogyakarta: Deepublish. h.

87-88.

World Health Organization, (2013) Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods. Geneva.

Ed. 5. h. 25-26.

Wu, L.L., Cheung, K.Y., Lam, P.Y.P., dan Gao, X.L., (2018) Oral Health Indicators for Risk of Malnutrition in Elders. J Nutr Health Aging. 22(2):

254–261.

Wulandari, P.D.A., Wirata, G., dan Putri, C.W.S., (2015) Hubungan antara Asupan Energi, Asupan Protein, dan Aktivitas Fisik Terhadap Status Gizi Penduduk Lanjut Usia di Wilayah Kerja UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh Kabupaten Gianyar. E-Jurnal Medika Udayana. 4(7): 1–13.

Xu, F., Laguna, L., dan Sarkar, A., (2019) Aging-Related Changes in Quantity and Quality of Saliva: Where Do We Stand in Our Understanding?. J Texture Stud. 50:27–35.

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Demikian Berita Acara Pembukaan (download) Penawaran File I ini dibuat dengan sebenarnya untuk dapat diketahui dan dipergunakan sebagaimana mestinya. Panitia

LULUS EVALUASI PENAWARAN , untuk itu diminta Saudara menghadiri Pembuktian Kualifikasi paket pekerjaan Pengadaan Peralatan Praktek SMK Negeri 3 Jayapura Tahun 2017 , yang

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pada Pembelajaran PKn Melalui Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) di Kelas V SDN Inpres Popisi kecamatan Peling

[r]

• If the computation is in a safe location, it does not step into an unsafe one. Maintain

Dalam dunia empiris, HIPOTESIS digunakan sebagai dasar untuk menetapkan CARA PENGAMATAN maupun CARA PENGUKURAN yang akan digunakan untuk mempelajari obyek penelitian, yang

Ruang lingkup hyperkes dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut (Rachman, 1990) : a. Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja diterapkan di semua tempat kerja yang di dalamnya melibatkan aspek

Firstly, eighteen accurate and evenly-distributed GPS points are collected in field and used as GCPs/check points, the image points of which are accurately measured, and also