PERMAINAN KARTU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN
MENGENAL LAMBANG BILANGAN DAN HURUF PADA ANAK
USIA 5 - 6 TAHUN DI TK PERTIWI KAYU ARO
TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017 - 2018
MISRAWATI
NIM. 17330032
PPs PAUD UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
Abstract: Card Games To Increase The Ability to Know the Symbols of Child Numbers and Letters. The problem in this study is the lack of learning media used in introducing symbols and numbers in children aged 5-6 years. The purpose of this research is to know the game of card number and letters to the ability to recognize the symbol of the number and letters of children aged 5-6 years in Kindergarten Pertiwi Kayu Aro year lesson 2017 - 2018. The research method used is experiment type one-shot case study. Samples taken amounted to 20 children. The research instrument used the observation guideline with the chek list form. The result of simple linear regression analysis shows that there is a positive influence between the game of number and letter card on the ability to recognize the symbol of numbers and letters.
PRELIMINARY
Early childhood is a person who
is undergoing a process of rapid
development and fundamental for the next
life (Hartati, 2005). According Sujiono
(2007) children experience the golden
years (the golden years) which is a time
when children begin to be sensitive /
sensitive to receive various stimuli. One
aspect that should be developed in early
childhood in the age range of 5-6 years is
cognitive development.
Early childhood education aims
to develop the entire scope of
developmental aspects such as aspects of
the development of religious and moral
values, physical aspects of motor,
cognitive aspects, language aspects, and
emotional social so that children have
readiness in entering further education.
Early childhood education is a coaching
effort aimed at children from birth to six
years old through the provision of
educational stimuli to assist physical and
spiritual growth and development in order
for the child to have readiness in entering
further education (Sujiono, 2007). The
introduction of the symbol of numbers
and letters is very important to be
controlled by the children, because it will
be the basis for the development of
children in the next education level.
Numbers are a mathematical object that is
abstract in nature and belongs to an
undefined element. To declare a number
denoted by the symbol of a number called
a number (Sudaryanti, 2006). Playing is
one way in developing children's
cognitive abilities especially in
recognizing the symbol of numbers.
According to Gallahue (Hartati, 2005)
play is a direct and spontaneous activity
that a child does with others or by using
objects around it with pleasure, voluntary
and imaginative and by using his feelings,
hands or all his limbs. Games in early
childhood a media or tool that can
develop the child's development and fun,
then in play must determine the game
equipment used in accordance with
educational games for children, it must
use an educational game tool that is worth
education. One of the game tools that can
be used in recognizing the symbol of
numbers is the game of numbers and
media in the game of composing numbers
and composing letters into words.
Based on the observations made
in TK Pertiwi Kayu Aro at the age of 5-6
years of academic year 2017 - 2018, the
reality in recognizing the number symbol
is still not developed. Expected by the
existence of game tools such as number
cards can improve the ability of children
in the number, sort and mention the
sounds of numbers and sounds of letters
in accordance with the form and can
create a fun learning atmosphere for early
childhood.
Based on the above explanation,
the purpose of this research is to know the
effect of card game number on the ability
to recognize the symbol of numbers in
children aged 5-6 years in kindergarten
Peetiwi Aro wood lessons 2017 - 2018.
Based on the above description
can be concluded that the play is an
activity undertaken to seek pleasure and
knowledge of children without any
coercion.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
The development is a change
experienced by every individual or ready
children either physical or psychological
development of children. This research
explains about child psychic development
that is about child cognition which is
often called cognitive development.
According Susanto (2012) cognitive is a
process of thinking is the ability of
individuals to connect, assess, and
consider an event or event. Arikunto (Yus,
2005) suggests that the potential to be
developed in children there are six
aspects, one of which is the dimension of
cognitive development.
The aspects of cognitive
development that children should have
especially in the field of mathematics are:
to know the numbers and symbols of
numbers from 1-10, to calculate the
concept of numbers with objects, and to
relate the concept of numbers to the
number symbols (children are not told to
write) .
Based on the description then in
this study discusses the ability to
recognize the symbol of numbers and
letters.
According to Alexander
(Sitorus, 2008: 22) the symbol of numbers
is a number used to symbolize numbers,
an abstract identity in mathematics. While
the letter is a symbol used in making a
word. According Inawati (2011) the
ability to recognize the symbol of
numbers for individuals is an important
thing for the survival process, because
early on the child has started to recognize
and explore various mathematical
dimensions of their world. Program the
development of the ability to recognize
the number symbol aims to introduce the
child in using the number symbol.
Darjowidjojo (2003) reveals that the
ability to recognize letters is the stage of
child development from not knowing to
know about the relationship of form and
the sound of letters, so that children can
know the form of letters and sounds, so
that children can know the shape and
memaknainya.
THE BENEFIT OF THE NUMBERS AND LETTERS
According to Hariyanto (2009)
revealed that with the introduction of
letters from an early age is very useful for
the development of the language of
children, because it helps prepare children
to read easily. As for the benefits of
introducing numbers and letters in early
childhood is easier for children to
understand the shape of numbers and
letters, children more easily know the
sounds of numbers and letters that fit even
provide benefits for children in preparing
themselves to learn the next gap on
reading, writing and counting.
GAME CARD NUMBER AND LETTER CARDS
Numeric and letter cards are the
tools used in introducing symbols of
numbers and symbols. Raharjo (2010)
asserted that the media of number cards is
the media that make the image of a
number consisting of 1-10 either
composed or unstructured (random) used
in learning to recognize the symbol of
numbers. Ambarini (2006), said that the
letter card is a collection of cards in which
there are letters from AZ (capital and
small) and are given pictures and words to
support children to understand and
memorize the alphabet A to Z. While
the use of a number of cards as a tool to
learn to read by looking and remembering
the form of letters and pictures that
accompanied the writing of the meaning
of the image on the card.
FUNCTION GAME CARD
NUMBERS AND LETTERS
John D. Latuheru (Kurniawan,
2002) argues that in general card games
can improve students' learning motivation,
games can also encourage students to help
each other. The best help of the game
media is the effective domain (which
involves feelings or manners) which is to
provide motivational support for learning
as well as assistance in issues related to
attitude changes, teachers and students
can use which card game contains the
highest and meaningful value for
achieving learning goals, can increase the
knowledge of children in recognizing the
symbol of numbers, can help children in
learning about early childhood
mathematics, as a medium that can help
teachers in the learning process, especially
in introducing the numbers.
METHOD
In this research using
experimental research method. The
research design used in this research is
preexperimental design with oneshot case
study type. One-shot case study is a group
given streatment / treatment, and then
observed the results (Sugiyono, 2010)
Variables in this study is a game of
numbers and letters (X) and the ability to
recognize the symbols of numbers and
letters (Y). The research instrument used
in this research is an observation appraisal
sheet that contains a grid of assessment
and assessment indicators in recognizing
the symbols of numbers and letters for
ease in the research process. In data
collection technique in this research is
done by observation method. For testing
the instrument in this study using content
validity test (content validity) that is
submitted to the experts who understand
the development of early childhood and
understand the aspects of child
development. After being treated, the data
obtained were analyzed first in order to
know the influence between the card
recognize the symbol of numbers and
letters, then performed the data normality
test with the help of SPSS 17.0 for
windows. Normality test conducted to
determine whether the distribution of
samples to be analyzed normal
distribution or not, then performed a
simple linear regression testing and
hypothesis testing (Sugiyono, 2011).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH RESULTS
After completion of the research,
the results obtained from the observation
sheet Game card numbers and letters to
the ability to recognize the symbol of
numbers and letters. Table (1) describes
variable X (game of numeric card and
letter card), in BSB category as many as 4
children with percentage of 20%, BSH
counted 14 children with percentage 70%,
MB as many as 2 children with 10%
percentage and BB sebah 0 with
percentage 0% or equal to none. So it can
be concluded that in a learning activity
using the media that is the number card
and letter cards in this study developed as
expected. Here is a table of recapitulation
of the results of the card scoring game of
numbers and letters:
Table 1. Recapitulation of the Assessment
of Numbers and Letter Card Game.
No Kategor i
Interva l Nilai
Nilai
F %
1. BSB 76-100 4 20 2. BSH 51-75 14 10 3. MB 26-50 2 70
4. BB 0 0 0
Jumlah 20 100
Information:
BSB : Grows Very Good
BSH : Expanding According to
Expectations
MB : Start Developing
BB : Not Growing
While the table (2) describes the
results of observation of variable Y (the
ability to recognize the symbol of
numbers and letters, in the category of
BSB as many as 4 children with
percentage of 20%, BSH as many as 14
children with percentage of 70%, MB as
much as 2 children with percentage 10%
and BB sebanya 0 with the percentage 0%
or equal to none So it can be concluded
that in a learning activity using the media
that is the number card and letter card in
the recapitulation table of the results of
the assessment of card game numbers and
letters.
Table 2. Recapitulation of Assessment of
Knowledge Capabilities of Numbers and
Letters
No Kategor i
Interva l Nilai
Nilai
F %
1. BSB 76-100 4 20 2. BSH 51-75 14 10 3. MB 26-50 2 70
4. BB 0 0 0
Jumlah 20 100
From the results of normality
test data using SPSS 17.0 for windows, it
is proven that the data is normally
distributed. And from the results of simple
linear regression test obtained a = 8.92338
and b = 0.8894. The value can be used to
predict the variable X if the independent
variable is set to 12, then the result value
Ŷ = a + b (X) = 8,92338 + 0, 8894 (12) =
19, 5963. Thus if the value of variable X
is 12, then it is estimated that the average
value of Y variables as much as 19.59
rounded to 20. So that in every meeting
for 4 days the child has a vocabulary of 5.
While if the variable X is 7, then the
variable Y = 15, 14 rounded to 15, then in
every 4 times the meeting of children
have vocabulary as much as 4. for result
of hypothesis in this research indicate that
there is positive and significant relation
between game of card number and letter
card, seen from price r count bigger than r
table (0,9995> 0,444) so Ho is rejected
and Ha accepted. The coefficient of
determination indicates that r² = 0.995 =
0.99890 this means that the number and
letter card game determines the extent of
the ability to recognize numbers and
letters by 99%.
DISCUSSION
According to Susanto (2012),
the ability to recognize the concept of the
number of children of kindergarten A is as
follows: (a) to say, (b) to call the sequence
of numbers from 1-20, (c) to quantify
(recognize the concept of numbers with
objects) to 10, (d) making a sequence of
numbers 1-10 with objects, (e) connecting
/ pairing numbers with objects up to 10
(children are not told to write), (f)
distinguishing and making two identical
sets of identical, more, less. Based on the
theory, the data normality test in this
research is normal distribution, so linear
number and letter card has an effect on the
ability to recognize the symbol of the
number and letters of children aged 5-6
years in Kindergarten Periwi Kayu Aro,
with regression coefficient b = 0.889 is
positive and the coefficient a = 8.92338 is
positive.
So in conclusion there is a
positive and significant relationship
between the card game numbers and
letters on the ability to recognize the
symbol of the number and letters of
children aged 5-6 years in Kindergarten
Pertiwi Kayu Aro. Coefficient of
determination r² = 0, 99945 ² = 0.99890.
This means that the ability to analyze
symbols of numbers and letters
determines the extent of the ability to
recognize the symbols of numbers and
letters by 99%. With the number of
samples N = 20 then r table with error
level 5% = 0.444. Because the price of r
count is greater than r table, so Ho is
rejected and Ha accepted.
Based on hypothesis testing
above it can be concluded that there is a
positive influence on the game of card
numbers and letters to the ability to
recognize the symbol of numbers and
letters. In addition, supporting research or
relevant research in this study is research
conducted by Trisniwati (2014) is about
improving the ability to recognize the
letters through the card game method of
the group B1 TK ABA Wirobrajan
Ketanggungan, Yogyakarta. This study
aims to improve the ability to recognize
the letters through the card game method
in Group B1 ABA TK Wirobrajan
Yogyakarta. The results showed that the
ability to recognize letters can be
improved through the game of letter
cards. A study conducted by Nova (2012)
entitled the influence of card game
numbers on the cognitive development of
children in the B3 group RA DEPAG 1
Palu Barat, showed similar results, that
through the game of card numbers can
give a role to the child's cognitive
development, cognitive child every week.
The next study from Lestari (2014)
entitled the effort to improve the ability to
recognize the number symbols through
the activities of playing a number card in
the group A children in ABP TK ABI
results showed that there is an increase in
the ability to recognize the symbol of
numbers after learning through play
activities number cards.
Based on several studies that have
been conducted by other researchers and
associated with research that researchers
have done, then the results of these studies
indicate that there is the influence of card
game letters and numbers on the ability to
recognize the symbol of numbers and
letters.
CONCLUDE
Based on the analysis and
observations made, it can be concluded
that there is a positive effect on the game
of card numbers and letters on the ability
to recognize the symbol of numbers and
letters. This is evidenced by normalized
normality test and regression coefficient b
= 0.889 is positive and the coefficient a =
8.92338 is positive, so the price r count is
greater than r table, so Ho is rejected and
Ha is accepted, And the coefficient of
determination r2 = 0, 99945² = 0.99890.
This means that the ability to analyze
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