i ABSTRAK
Stunting adalah keadaan status gizi seseorang berdasarkan z-skor tinggi badan (TB) terhadap umur (U) dimana terletak pada Z Score < -2 SD. Stunting merupakan keadaan kekurangan gizi yang berlangsung secara terus menerus dan terjadi dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Prevalensi stunting pada anak umur di bawah 5 tahun di Kota Subulussalam yaitu 64,91% dimana proporsi terbesar kejadian terdapat di Kecamatan Simpang Kiri yaitu sebanyak 48%. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui determinan kejadian stunting.
Desain penelitian menggunakan kasus-kontrol tidak berpasangan dengan sampel pada anak umur 12-36 bulan dengan jumlah 53 anak stunting dan 53 anak status gizi normal. Faktor yang diteliti adalah frekuensi makan sumber mineral (kalsium, Fe, dan zink), frekuensi makan makanan sumber vitamin A, waktu pemberian MP-ASI, riwayat menderita diare, riwayat ISPA, tinggi badan orang tua, ASI eksklusif, kelengkapan pemberian imunisasi, pendapatan keluarga dan berat badan lahir. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji chi-squaredan uji regresi logistik untuk menilai determinan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap stunting adalah tinggi badan orang tua (OR=28,28), 95% CI: 9,00-88,802), dan frekuensi makan sumber kalsium (OR=5,08) 95% CI: 1,65 – 15,66).
Untuk menanggulangi kejadian stunting direkomendasikan peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat dan peningkatan pengetahuan ibu dengan memberikan penyuluhan yang lebih sering tentang ASI eksklusif, waktu pemberian MP-ASI dan frekuensi MP-ASI.
ii ABSTRACT
Stunting is a nutritional status based on Z-Score of height per age with Z-Score < -2 SD. It is a malnutrition which occurs continuously in the long time. The prevalence of stunting among children under five year-old in Subulussalam was 64.91% which the highest proportion of the incidence is found in Simpang Kiri Subdistrict (48%). The objective of the research was to find out the determinants of stunting.
The research was unmatched case-control design. The samples were 53 stunting children of 12-36 months old and 53 children normal. The factors were the frequency of mineral sources intake (calcium, Fe, and zinc), the frequency of vitamin A sources intake, the time of complementary feeding, suffering from diarrhea, suffering from URTI, parents’ height, exclusive breastfeeding, completeness of immunization, family income, and birth weight. The data were analyzed using chi square test and logistic regression test to assess determinant which had the most dominant influence on the incidence of stunting.
The result of the research showed that the factor which had the most dominant influence on stunting was parents’ height (OR = 28.28), 95% CI: 9.00-88.802) and the frequency of calcium sources intake (OR = 5.08), 95% CI: 1.65-15.66).
It is recommended that, in order to reduce the incidence of stunting, increasing the family income and improve mothers’ knowledge by providing counseling about exclusive breastfeeding, the time of complementary feeding, and frequency of complementary feeding.
