vi ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan senyawa 1,3-propanadiol melalui fermentasi gliserol hasil samping produksi biodiesel oleh bakteri Enterobacter aerogenes. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioproses Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Medan. Penelitian ini diawali dengan melakukan pemurnian crude gliserol untuk menghasilkan gliserol murni serta melakukan analisa terhadap gliserol hasil pemurnian yang akan digunakan. Kemudian dilakukan proses pengembangbiakan bakteri yang akan digunakan pada proses fermentasi. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan volume gliserol tetap 50 ml dengan variabel uji yaitu waktu fermentasi (1, 2, dan 3 hari) , volume inokulum (5, 7, dan 10 % dari volume gliserol yang difermentasi), serta suhu fermentasi (25 dan 37◦C). Hasil fermentasi kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Gas. Dari hasil analisa gliserol didapatkan warna gliserol bening dengan densitas 1,2777 gr/ml, FFA 7,83 %, kadar air 1,298 %, kadar abu 6 % dan kadar gliserol sebesar 83,2572 %. Analisa Kromatografi Gas menunjukkan kemurnian 1,3-propanadiol yang terbentuk dari hasil fermentasi, lalu dari data tersebut dihitung konsentrasi yang terbentuk. Hasil fermentasi terbaik didapatkan pada waktu fermentasi 1 hari dengan konsentrasi 1,3-Propanadiol yang tinggi sebesar 6,196 mol/ml, rasio inokulum : substrat 0,07 dengan konsentrasi 1,3-Propanadiol yang tinggi sebesar 4,251 mol/ml, dan suhu 25 ◦C dengan konsentrasi 1,3 -Propanadiol yang tinggi sebesar 6,433 mol/ml.
Kata Kunci : Gliserol, enterobacter aerogenes, 1,3-Propanadiol, kromatografi gas
vii ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to produce 1,3-Propanediol from fermentation of glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production using Enterobacter aerogenes. This study was done at the Laboratory of Bioprocess Research Center of Oil Palm, Medan. This study was began with a purification of crude glycerol to produce pure glycerol and the results of purification were analyzed. And the process was continued with culture of bacteria for fermentation. Fermentation of glycerol was done with volume of glycerol was setted 50 ml where variables such fermentation time (1, 2, and 3 days), volume of inoculum (5, 7, and 10 % from the volume of glycerol was fermented) and temperature of fermentation (25 and 37◦C) were studied. The results of fermentation were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC). The results of glycerol was obtained that the color of glycerol was clear, the density of glycerol was 1,2777 g / ml, FFA was 7,83 %, moisture content was 1,298 %, ash content was 6 % and level of glycerol was 83,2572 %. Analysis of GC showed the purity of 1,3-Propanediol from fermentation of glycerol, and then the concentration of 1,3-Propanediol was calculated from that data. The best results of fermentation was obtained in fermentation 1 day with concentration of 1,3-Propanediol was 6,196 mol/ml, ratio inoculum : substrate 0,07 with concentration of 1,3-Propanediol was 4,251 mol/ml, and temperature 25 ◦C with concentration of 1,3-Propanediol was 6,433 mol/ml.
Keywords : glycerol, enterobacter aerogenes, 1,3-Propanediol, gas chromatography
