PANDUAN PENULISAN
ARTIKEL ILMIAH JURNAL
NASIONAL/INTERNASIONAL
1
1
Oleh: I. Istadi
Disampaikan pada:
Workshop Penulisan ArCkel Jurnal Nasional/Internasional
---
Diselenggarakan Oleh: Politeknik Negeri Semarang Semarang, 16 Mei 2017
Kriteria Jurnal Nasional Menurut
PermenristekdikC No. 20 Tahun 2017
ARTICLES THAT ARE NOT
PUBLISHABLE
•
Reports of
no scienCfic
interest
•
No novelty
of research works
•
Out of date
research works
•
DuplicaCons
of previously published works
•
Incorrect/unacceptable conclusions
•
Oleh karena itu, jurnal ilmiah jangan
menerima/menerbitkan arCkel yang
mempunyai indikasi tersebut
TYPICAL TYPES OF MANUSCRIPT
•
Original Research ArCcles
: the most important
papers. OAen substanBal and significant completed
pieces of research.
•
LeZers / Rapid CommunicaCons / Short
CommunicaCons
: quick and early communicaBon of
significant and original advances. Much shorter than
full arBcles (check limitaBons).
•
Review Papers / PerspecCves
: summarize recent
developments on a specific topic. Highlight
important previously reported points. Not the place
to introduce new informaBon. OAen invited.
No
PUBLIKASI ILMIAH YANG BAIK
•
Harus memperhaCkan
:
–
Kualitas ArBkel Ilmiah
–
Kualitas Jurnal sebagai Tempat Publikasi
•
Akhirnya akan menghasilkan
Publikasi Ilmiah
Yang Baik
Impact
Journal/Article Metrics:
jumlah sitasi artikel lebih banyak
atau jumlah pembaca lebih banyak
PARAMETER GLOBAL UNTUK MENGUKUR
REPUTASI JURNAL ILMIAH
• IMPACT FACTOR (IF) by Thomson WoS: perbandingan antara
jumlah arBkel yang mensitasi terhadap jumlah arBkel yang dipublikasi oleh sebuah jurnal dalam kurun waktu tertentu (3 / 5 thn)
• Cite Score (Scopus): perbandingan antara jumlah sitasi
diterima oleh jurnal dalam 2 thn terakhir terhadap jumlah arBkel yang dipublikasi oleh sebuah jurnal dalam 2 tahun terakhir.
• SJR by Journalmetrics: Nilai faktor dampak (jumlah sitasi /
jumlah arBkel publikasi) dengan memperCmbangkan reputasi jurnal yang mensitasinya
• SNIP by Journalmetrics: Nilai faktor dampak (jumlah sitasi /
jumlah arBkel publikasi) memperBmbangkan normalisasi jumlah sitasi maksimum dan minimum Cap bidang ilmunya
CITATION IMPACT
•
h-index
by Scopus or Google Scholar
:
menyatakan jumlah arBkel (
n
) dengan
masing-masing mempunyai jumlah sitasi minimum
n
sitasi
è
h-index =
n
•
i10-index
by Google Scholar
: menyatakan
jumlah arBkel (n) dengan masing-masing
mempunyai jumlah sitasi minimum 10 sitasi
KELOMPOK PENGINDEKS JURNAL
•
Pengindeks Internasional Bereputasi Tinggi:
SCOPUS,
Thomson Web of Science (JCR), PubMed, dll. yang
setara
è
seleksi sangat ketat
•
Pengindeks Internasional Bereputasi Sedang:
DOAJ,
CABI, EBSCO, Proquest, Gale, ERIC, Chemical Abstract
Services, ESCI-Thomson, dan lain-lain yang setara
è
seleksi cukup ketat
•
Pengindeks Internasional Bereputasi Rendah:
Scholar, Portal Garuda, dan lain-lain yang setara
è
bahkan tanpa seleksi
•
Kelompok Aggregator & Distributor:
EBSCO, Gale,
Thomson WoS yang Bereputasi Tinggi
•
Science CitaBon Index (SCI)
•
Science CitaBon Index Expanded (SCIE)
•
Sosial Science CitaBon Index (SSCI)
•
Arts & HumaniBes CitaBon Index (AHCI)
•
è
yang digunakan dalam perankingan jurnal
Hindari Pengindeks Berikut
(Misleading Metrics)
(dipertanyakan ?? – menurut Jeffrey Beall 2 January 2015)
• Advanced Science Index
• African Quality Centre for Journals • American Standards for Journals and
Research (ASJR)
• CiteFactor
• Directory of Indexing and Impact Factor
(DIIF)
• Directory of Journal Quality Factor
• Einstein InsBtute for ScienBfic InformaBon
(EISI)
• General Impact Factor • Global Impact Factor • Index Copernicus
• InsBtute for Science InformaBon (ISI) • InternaBonal Impact Factor Services • InternaBonal InsBtute for Research • InternaBonal ScienBfic Indexing (ISI)
• InternaBonal Society for Research
AcBvity (ISRA) Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
• Journal Impact Factor
• Journals Impact Factor (JIFACTOR) • Journal Influence Factor
• Journals ConsorBum. Journal
Influence Factor (JIF)
• JPR Impact Factor
• Open Academic Journals Index • Pubicon Science Index
• ScienBfic Indexing Services (SIS) • ScienBfic Jornal Impact Factor • SCIJOURNAL.ORG (InternaBonal
ScienBfic InsBtute)
• Universal Impact Factor
Pencarian Jurnal Melalui SCIMAGO
hZp://scimagojr.com
Pilih “Journal Ranks” untuk memilih jurnal berdasarkan ranking SJR
Choose Journal Based on Subject
Pilih “Subject Area” dan/atau “Subject Category” dan jenis
“Journal” yang sesuai
Ada 517 jurnal, silakan klik “Download Data” untuk
unduh file Excel data jurnalnya
Jurnal dengan level Q3/Q4 atau SJR Rendah
Pilih jurnal dengan nilai SJR kecil terlebih dahulu atau Q3-Q4 level
BACA PROFIL JOURNAL
Namun, Cdak ada tautan ke website jurnalnya, oleh karena
Lihat website, cari Author
Guideline dan Scope Journal
Lihat website, cari Author
Guideline dan Scope Journal
PENCARIAN JURNAL MELALUI JURNAL
FINDER ELSEVIER
TYPICAL STRUCTURE OF A FULL ARTICLE
•
Title
•
Authors
and
AffiliaCon
•
Abstract
•
Keywords
•
Main text
(IMRAD)
–
Introduc@on:
what quesBon was asked in the research?–
Methods
(and Materials):
how was it studied?–
Results:
what was discovered?–
Discussion
:
what do the findings mean?–
Conclusions
•
Acknowledgements
•
References
•
Supplementary material
Jika Jurnal berstruktur “IMRAD”, sub bab - sub bab bagian dari kajian arCkel bisa disusun merupakan bagian dari
TYPICAL STRUCTURE OF A FULL ARTICLE
•
Title
•
Authors
and
AffiliaCon
•
Abstract
•
Keywords
•
Main text
(Non-IMRAD)
–
Introduc@on:
what quesBon was asked in the research?–
Main body of paper
:
how was it studied? What was discovered? What was discovered? What do the findings mean?–
Conclusions
•
Acknowledgements
•
References
•
Supplementary material
Jika memilih “Non-IMRAD”, tuliskan isi paragraf Zg Metode
PeneliCan di bagian akhir IntroducCon/Pendahuluan,
walaupun termasuk Riset KualitaCf
HOW TO WRITE A TITLE
•
This is your opportunity to agract
the reader’s
aZenCon
.
– Remember: readers are the potenBal authors who will
cite your arCcle
•
IdenBfy the
main issue
of the paper
•
Begin with the subject
of the paper
•
Should be
accurate, unambiguous, specific, and
complete
•
Do not contain infrequently-used
abbreviaCons
•
Discuss with your
co-authors
HOW TO WRITE
AUTHOR NAME & AFFILIATION
•
Write
Author(s) names without Ctle
(Prof, Dr, etc)
•
Do not abbreviate your
last/family name
•
Always give your
First and Last names
•
Write
clear AffiliaCon
of all Authors
•
AffiliaCon
includes: name of department/unit,
(faculty), name of university, address, country.
•
Indicate
Corresponding Author
(include email
HOW TO WRITE ABSTRACT
•
Abstract should contains:
–
Purposes and hypothesis
–
Methods: parBcipant, design, measures, and
procedure
–
Results and Discussion/interpretaBon of results
–
Short conclusions
•
Should
stand alone
•
Avoid using technical jargon and uncommon
abbreviaDons.
•
You must
be accurate, brief, clear
and
specific:
Use
words which reflect the precise meaning
•
Cites
no references, no table, no figure
•
Follow
word limitaCons
(50-300 words)
HOW TO WRITE KEYWORDS
•
These are the
labels of your manuscript
and criBcal
to correct
indexing and searching
.
– Shouldn’t be too broad or too narrow (think Google …)
•
Use only those
abbreviaCons
that are firmly
established in the field. e.g. DNA
•
Check the
Guide for Authors
– Number, label, defini@on, thesaurus, range, and other
special requests
•
Check the guideline of
keywords separator
, i.e.
Semicolon (;) or comma (,): usually semicolon
è
related with search engine
HOW TO WRITE INTRODUCTION
• Background literatures and State of The Art Previous
Researches: to set up current study, showing the progression of research in this topic area and how the hypothesis was reached, why the design was chosen, etc. Background literatures can be previous research and/or theories that are relevant to the
current study. Do not forget to cite any and all resources used.
What is gap analysis with previous researches? NovelCes?
• Hypothesis: The hypothesis details what is expected to happen
in the study based on background literature.
• Purposes of the study: IdenBfy the problem being explored by
the current study and why it is important. AAer discussing what the problem is and why it warrants further research, formally express the purposes of the current research study clearly and concisely
.
HOW TO WRITE INTRODUCTION
• Introduce the main scienCficpublicaCons on which your work is based
• Provide sufficient background
informaCon to help readers evaluate your work è General background (review arBcles Cited)
• Editors hate references irrelevant
to the work, or in appropriate judgments on your own
achievements
• Convince readers that your work
is necessary.: Use words or
phrases like “however”, “remain
unclear”, etc., to address your opinions and work
• Your chance to convince readers
of the importance of your work.
• IntroducCon must include:
– Are there any exisCng
soluCons/methods? State of the art of previous research?
– Which is the best?
– What are their main
limitaCons? Gap Analysis?
– And what do you hope to
achieve? (to solve limitaBon)
IntroducCon punya Bobot Nilai Akreditasi Jurnal: 6 point
Contoh Paragraf Terakhir Pendahuluan
peneliC Studi sebelumnya lebih fokus ke apa? Masih belum banyak yg mengkaji .... Maka anda mau apa....? Tujuan peneliCan ini apa ....?HOW TO WRITE METHODS & MATERIALS
•
Details, details, details
- a knowledgeable reader
should be able to
reproduce the experiment
.
•
For
Chemical Materials
, please write only precursor
materials (not soluBon), must be completed with purity
and brand (Example: Ca(NO
3)
2.xH
2O (99%, Merck)
•
However, use
references
and
Supplementary Materials
for previously published procedures.
–
Do not repeat
the details of established methods.
–
A
general summary
with reference is sufficient.
•
The Presence of Methods
è
specific characterisBc of
research arBcles
•
Metode yang sudah biasa dan umum Cdak perlu
detail, cukup merujuk ke buku tertentu
HOW TO WRITE METHODS & MATERIALS
• The method secBon describes the way in which the study was
conducted, including:
– ParCcipants: This subsecBon should include demographic
informaBon that pertains to the current study. If required, give data such as percentage, mean, and standard deviaBon
– Design: the design of the current study is detailed. Was the
study and experiment, a survey, an interview, or a behavior observaBon?
– Measures: informaBon about the measures used to record
observaBon and responses is discussed in this secBon
– Procedures: this subsecBon describes the process of the
study exactly as it occurred. The informaBon should be detailed enough for someone to replicate the study, but it should be concise
Methods:
How did you study the problem?
The basic principle: to provide sufficient informaDon so that a knowledgeable reader can reproduce the experiment, or the derivaDon.
• Empirical papers:
– material studied, area descripBons
– methods, techniques, theories applied • Case study papers:
– applicaBon of exisBng methods, theory or tools
– special sepngs in this piece of work • Methodology papers:
– materials and detailed procedure of a novel experimentaBon
– scheme, flow, and performance analysis of a new algorithm • Theory papers:
– principles, concepts, and models
Methods: The Words and More
•
Usually, wrigen in
past tense
•
In some journals, may include subheads
(which can help readers)
•
May include
tables and figures
—for example:
–
Flowcharts
–
Diagrams of apparatus
HOW TO WRITE RESULTS
•
RESULTS is the
core of the paper
•
Should
summarize findings
rather than
providing data in great detail
•
OAen includes
tables, figures
, or both
•
Should present
results
but not comment on
them
(
Note
: Some journals combine the Results and
the Discussion.)
The following should be included in RESULTS
•
Main findings
listed in associaBon with the methods
•
Highlighted differences
between your results and
the previous publicaBons (especially in case study
papers)
•
Results of
staCsCcal analysis
(not staBsBcal analysis
process)
•
Results of
performance analysis
(especially in the
methodology, or algorithm papers)
•
A set of
principal equaCons
or
theorems
supporBng
the assumpBons aAer a long chain of inferences
(especially in the theory papers)
HOW TO WRITE RESULTS
•
Only
representaCve results
,
essenCal for the
Discussion
, should be presented.
•
Show data of
secondary importance
in
Supplementary Materials.
•
Do not “hide” data
in the hope of saving it for
a later paper: You may lose evidence to
support your conclusion.
•
Use
sub-headings
to keep results of the same
type together: Easier to review and read.
Appearance Counts in Results
• Un-crowded plots: 3 or 4 data sets per figure; well-selected
scales; appropriate axis label size; symbols clear to read and data sets easy to discriminate.
• Each photograph must have a scale marker of professional quality on one corner.
• Use color ONLY when necessary. If different line styles can
clarify the meaning, never use colors or other thrilling effects.
• Color needs to be visible and disBnguishable when printed out in black & white.
• Do NOT ‘selecCvely adjust’ any image to enhance
visualizaBon of results.
• The capCons of figures and tables should contain sufficient
informaBon to make the figures self explanatory.
• Do not include long boring tables, only final calculated
MenConing Tables and Figures:
Some WriCng Advice
•
All Tables and Figures must be cited
in the body text.
•
Do not use “
… as follows:...
” or “
based on above
figure/table...
”, but should use clear citaBon (example:
“
... presented in Figure 1
”)
•
In ciBng tables and figures,
emphasize the finding, not
report the table or figure
.
–
Not so good
: Table 3 shows that researchers who
agended the workshop published twice as many
papers per year.
–
BeWer
: Researchers who agended the workshop
Figures: A Few SuggesCons
•
Use figures (graphs, diagrams, maps,
photographs, etc) only if they will help convey
your informaBon.
•
Avoid including too much informaBon in one
figure.
•
Make sure any legering will be large enough
once published.
HOW TO WRITE DISCUSSION ?
• It is the most important secCon of your arBcle. Here you get the
chance to SELL your data
• Make the Discussion corresponding to the Results.:
B
ut do notreiterate the results è What?
• OAen should begin with a brief summary of the main findings
• You need to compare the published results with yours: Do NOT
ignore work in disagreement with yours –confront it and convince the reader that you are correct or beger
• Check for the following:
– How do your results relate to the original quesDon or objecDves outlined
in the IntroducBon secBon?
– Do you provide interpretaDon scienDfically for each of your results
presented? èWhy?
– Are your results consistent with what other invesDgators have reported?
Or are there any differences? èWhat else?
– Can you reach your conclusion smoothly aAer your discussion?
In Summary: Results and Discussion
•
In Results and Discussion secCon should
include:
– What ? è describe the result findings
– Why ? è please jusBfy why the findings trend
scienBfically (connected with theory and philosophy)
– What else? è compare your findings with other
researchers (about the trend and scienBfic reasons) and Possible reasons for similariBes and differences
– Any limitaCons? è limitaBon of your findings, next
research
Hasil dan Pembahasan punya Bobot Nilai Akreditasi Jurnal:
3 point maks. (Analisis dan Sintesis)
Tips: Results and Discussion
•
(1)
(what)
apakah data yang disajikan telah
diolah (bukan data mentah), dituangkan dalam
bentuk tabel atau gambar (pilih salah satu), serta
diberi keterangan yang mudah dipahami?;
•
(2)
(why)
pada bagian pembahasan terlihat
adanya kaitan antara hasil yang diperoleh dan
konsep dasar dan/atau hipotesis?;
•
(3)
(what else)
apakah ada kesesuaian atau
pertentangan dengan hasil peneliBan orang lain?;
•
(4) juga disarankan dituliskan tentang implikasi
PracCcal Tips in Results &
Discussions
•
Was the hypothesis supported by the results?
•
Why might the results have turned out that
way?
•
How could the study be improved?
•
What is the future direcBon for research on
this topic?
•
What are the pracBcal applicaBon of the
research?
Discussion: ScienCfic Language -Tenses
•
Present tense for known facts and hypotheses
:
–
“
The average life of a honey bee is 6 weeks”•
Past tense for experiments you have conducted
:
– “All the honey bees were maintained in an environment
with a consistent temperature of 23 degrees cen@grade…”
•
Past tense when you describe the results
of an
experiment:
– “The average life span of bees in our contained
HOW TO WRITE CONCLUSIONS
•
Should
only answer the objecCves of research
•
Tells
how your work advances the field
from the
present state of knowledge
•
Without
clear Conclusions
, reviewers and readers
will find it difficult to judge the work, and whether or
not it
merits publicaCon
in the journal.
•
Do NOT repeat the Abstract
, or just list
experimental results:
Trivial statements of your results are unacceptable in this secBon.•
Provide a
clear scienCfic jusCficaCon
for your work,
and
indicate possible applicaCons and extensions:
You should also suggest future experiments and/or point out those that are underway.
Example of Good Conclusions
Conclusion punya Bobot Nilai Akreditasi Jurnal: 3 point maks.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
•
Recognize those
who helped in the research
(
you want them to help again, don’t you?)
•
Do not acknowledge one of authors
•
Include
individuals who have assisted
you in
your study:
–
Advisors
–
Financial supporters
–
Proofreaders
–
Typists
REFERENCES
•
Cite the main scienCfic publicaCons
on which your
work is based. Cite only items that you have read
•
Do not inflate the manuscript with
too many
references
– it doesn’t make it a beger manuscript
•
Avoid excessive
self-citaCons
•
Avoid excessive
citaCons of publicaCons from the
same region
•
Check each reference
against the original source
(
authors name, volume, issue, year, DOI Number
)
•
Carefully
follow the journal’s instrucCons
to
authors.
• Di bagian Daftar Pustaka Acuan, perbandingan antara jumlah Sumber Acuan Primer dan jumlah Sumber
Acuan Sekunder sebaiknya lebih dari 80% è nilai
maks 3
• Yang termasuk Sumber Acuan Primer, antara lain: artikel di jurnal ilmiah, artikel di buku dari hasil penelitian, situs sejarah, artefak, dan lain2 yang bersifat karya asli.
• Daftar Pustaka Acuan sebaiknya merupakan publikasi
ilmiah 10 tahun terakhir, kecuali bidang-bidang ilmu
tertentu è nilai maks 5
Sitasi dan Danar Pustaka punya Bobot Nilai Akreditasi
Placement of CitaCons
•
Ambiguous
:
– This disease has been reported in humans, dogs, rabbits,
and squirrels (Tuda and Gastel, 1997; Xie and Lozano, 2008; Flores, 2002).
– This disease has been reported in humans, dogs, rabbits,
and squirrels.1,4,7
•
Clear
:
– This disease has been reported in humans (Tuda and
Gastel, 1997), dogs (Xie and Lozano, 2008), and rabbits and squirrels (Flores, 2002).
– This disease has been reported in humans,1 dogs,4 rabbits,7
Typing CitaCon & References
•
Use tools available in MicrosoA Word (
References
è
Insert Cita@on
è
Choose Style of References: APA,
MLA, Harvard, etc.
è
Insert Bibliography)
•
Use
Mendeley Plugin
(
References
è
Insert
Mendeley Cita@on
è
Choose Style of References
è
Insert Bibliography
)
Cara Pengacuan dan PenguCpan
Penyusunan DaAar Pustaka
