191715777-Makalah-Perancangan-Piston-Ring-Piston-Pena-Piston-Dan-Batang-Piston.docx

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ELEMEN MEKANIK

ELEMEN MEKANIK OTOMOTIF

OTOMOTIF

PERANCANGAN PISTON, RING PISTON, BATANG

PISTON DAN PENA PISTON

DI SUSUN OLEH : DI SUSUN OLEH : S SIIGGIIT T PPRRAABBOOWWOO 1122550044224411003311//CC11 A ARRDDHHI I NNUURRWWIIJJAAYYAA 1212550044224411004411//CC11 R RIIFFAAI I SSYYAAIIFFUULLLLAAHH 1122550044224444000077//CC22 AW

AWABIN HAFID ABIN HAFID ALFAALFARISIRISI 12504244001/12504244001/C2C2

A

ADDIITTYYA A KKUURRNNIIAAWWAANN 1122550044224444000033//CC22

PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK OTOMOTIF

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

2013

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KAT

KATA PENGA PENGANTAR ANTAR

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H''('*

H''('* J. J. "" K'+' P,*'*+'&

K'+' P,*'*+'& """" D'+'&

D'+'& I#" I#" """""" BAB I TEORI PERANCANGAN

BAB I TEORI PERANCANGAN A

A P,&'*'*'* P,&'*'*'* P"#+* P"#+* 11 B B P,&'*'*'* P,&'*'*'* R"* R"* P"#+*P"#+* ;; C C P,&'*'*'* P,&'*'*'* B'+'* B'+'* )"#+* )"#+* == D D P,&'*'*'* P,&'*'*'* P,*' P,*' )"#+* )"#+* 1=1= BAB II CONTOH PERHITUNGAN

BAB II CONTOH PERHITUNGAN A

A P,&-"+*'* P,&-"+*'* P"#+* P"#+* 2020 B B P,&-"+*'* P,&-"+*'* R"* R"* P"#+* P"#+* 2424 C C P,&-"P,&-"+*'* +*'* B'+'* B'+'* P"#+* P"#+* 2727 D D P,&-"+*'* P,&-"+*'* P,*' P,*' )"#+* )"#+* 3232 BAB III PENUTUP

BAB III PENUTUP A

A K,#"()'* K,#"()'* 3434 D'+'& P#+'%' 

(5)

BAB I

TEORI PERANCANGAN

A.

A. PerPerananan!an!an an P"#P"#$%n$%n

D"+"*!' .'&" .,#'"**$'9 )"#+* )'.' %')' .",#, ."'" (,*!'." : D"+"*!' .'&" .,#'"**$'9 )"#+* )'.' %')' .",#, ."'" (,*!'." :

1

1.. TTrrununk pik piststononss 2

2 Pistons with crosshead, Pistons with crosshead, .'* .'* 3 3 P"P"#+#+* * (,(,#"#"* '%* '%#" #" '*'*.'.' S''- #'+ '"'* .'&" )"#+* $'"+ %,)'' $'* .')'+ .",)'# .'* ."."*"*%'* S''- #'+ '"'* .'&" )"#+* $'"+ %,)'' $'* .')'+ .",)'# .'* ."."*"*%'* '"% #,'&' ''(" '+')* #,'&' '+'* '"% #,'&' ''(" '+')* #,'&' '+'* 1

1 TrunTrunk k pistonspistons

T&*% )"#+* *+% (,#"* .",#, %,"

T&*% )"#+* *+% (,#"* .",#, %," (,&)'%'* '()&'* .'&"(,&)'%'* '()&'* .'&" ,#"

,#" '+' '+' '(*"( '(*"( '$ '$ $'* $'* ."& ."& (,*!'." (,*!'." #'+ #'+ U*+% U*+% )"#+*)"#+* .,*'* ),& #"*.,& #,.'* .'* +"*" .",*%')" %,)'' $'* .')'+ .,*'* ),& #"*.,& #,.'* .'* +"*" .",*%')" %,)'' $'* .')'+ ."

." ,),)'# '# P,*P,*."*."*"*"*'* '* ''+'* +'* )'.)'.' ' %,)%,)'' '' )"#)"#+* +* (,*(,***'%''%'* * "" ),('#9 )'.' (,#

),('#9 )'.' (,#"* 4 '*%'- ."*'%'* "* 4 '*%'- ."*'%'* %,+"%' ."'(,+,& %,+"%' ."'(,+,& #""*.,& >D?#""*.,& >D? @

@ 450 ((9 450 ((9 #,.'#,.'*%*%'* '* (,#"(,#"* * 2 2 '*'*%%'- '- ."."*'*'%'* %'* )'.)'.' ' #"'(#"'(,+,& ,+,& #""

#""*.,*.,& & >D? >D? @ @ 300 300 (( (( %'&%'&,*' ,*' #""#""*.,*.,&*$&*$' ' (,*(,*.').')'+%'+%'* '* +,+,'*'*'*'* +,&(' $'* ,"- +"*" .'&")'.' (,#"* 4 '*%'-

+,&(' $'* ,"- +"*" .'&")'.' (,#"* 4 '*%'- 2

2 Pistons with crosshead Pistons with crosshead

P"#+* "*" "'#'*$' .",*%')" .,*'* %,)'' $'* .')'+ .",)'# P"#+* "*" "'#'*$' .",*%')" .,*'* %,)'' $'* .')'+ .",)'# $'* ."."*"*%'* #,'&' '+'* )'.' #""*.,& .,*'* ),& $'* +"*" $'* ."."*"*%'* #,'&' '+'* )'.' #""*.,& .,*'* ),& $'* +"*" 3

3 P"P"#+#+* * (,(,#"#"* '* '%#%#" " '*'*.'.' P"

P"#+#+* * (,(,#"#"* * .".",#,,#,  "*"*" " +,&+,&."."&" &" .'.'&" &" .$ .$ .'.'* * ..' ' %,%,)')'' ' )')'.'.' '"'*

'"'* '+'# '+'# .'* .'* ''- ''- &'* &'* '%'& '%'& )'.' )'.' #""*.,& #""*.,& C'"&'* C'"&'* ),*."*"*),*."*"* ."'"&%'* (,*! %,)'' (,'" '* )'.' '+'* )"#+*

."'"&%'* (,*! %,)'' (,'" '* )'.' '+'* )"#+* Kepala

Kepala )"#+* .",*%')" .,*'* '& (,"*%'& #,''" ..%'* &"* )"#+* .",*%')" .,*'* '& (,"*%'& #,''" ..%'* &"* %()&,#" '&"'#" +"), .'&" &"* #,*." P'#%'* " ."-"'*%'* .'&" %,&!' ." %()&,#" '&"'#" +"), .'&" &"* #,*." P'#%'* " ."-"'*%'* .'&" %,&!' ."

(6)

),&(%''* #""*.,& ,- *+& " '+' &"* ),*"%"# $'* +,&)'#'* )'.' %,)''9 ."''- &"* %()&,#" .'* #''- #'+ .'&" 4 )'.' piston skirt 

S"#" .''( .'&" #,'- %,)'' noncooled trunk piston (,**'%'* &#% &'."' '+' %*#,*+&"% $'* (,(),&%'+ %,)'' .'* (,*"*%'+%'* +&'*#,& )'*'# .'&" %,)'' %, .'&' '&

K,)'' )"#+* ."'+ %,&+ '+' #""*.,& ." '"'* '& #,.'*%'* ." ),&(%''* '& skirt )"#+* ,&,*+% .'+'& '+' (,(,*+% ,")# )'.' '"'* )'"* +,' >.,%'+ '* ),*' )"#+*? I*" (,('+ #,'- '*+'&' )"#+* %'&,*' ),('"'* )'*'# )'.' %,)'' S,'"* "+9 #,'- ,'-+,&(' ."'+ ."'*+'&' ),&(%''* .'&" piston skirt .'* "*,& $'* (,*!'("* piston skirt ,'# ,&,%#)'*#" #,'(' (,#"* (,*$''

B,*+% .'&" %,)'' )"#+* -'&# (,*")+'%'* %*."#" $'* )'"* (,**+*%'* *+% ),&'()&'* '-'* '%'& .'* ),('%'&'* ." &'* '%'& K'&,*' "+9 ,*+% .'&" %,)'' )"#+* ."'+& ),&+'(' .'* +,&+'(' ,-.,#'"* &'* $'* .")""- P'.' (,#"* 2 '*%'-9 ,*+% .'&" %,)''*$' !' +,&'*+* )'.' !,*"# ),("'#'*

(7)

B,*+% $'* )'"* (( )'.' &'* '%'& (,#"* ."#, P'.' (,#"* 4 '*%'- .,*'* ),&"%'* #" (,()*$'" &'* '%'& .'+'&

P"#+* )'.' %')' ."#, ."%,*'" ,'* (,%'*"% .'* ,'* +,&('9 ,%,&!' ."''- +,%'*'* +"*" .'* +,(),&'+&, >300  350 C? O,- %'&,*' "+9

(8)

'-'* .'&" )"#+* -'&# (,(""%" %,%'+'* $'* +"*" .'* +'-'* +,&-'.') %'&'+ .'* '#

P"#+* *+% (,#"* )+'&'* &,*.'- +,&'+ .'&" ,#" & C42444 .'* C42;4; K,)''*$' .'&" .' '"'* )"#+* !' +,&'+ .'&" '!' +,()'9 +"*%'+ 259 .'* '!' & +'-'* )'*'# 306

P"#+* *+% (,#"* ."#, )+'&'* +"*" .'* )"#+* .'&" ."#, )+'&'* #,.'* +,&'+ .'&" '("*"( '$ $'* &"*'* .'* %*.%+"<"+'# )'*'# +"*" K,,('-'* .'&" )"#+* '("*"( '.''- %,"#",* ,%#)'*#" "*,'& +"*" $'* (,*$,'%'* +,&!'." ,'- '*+'&' )"#+* .'* "*,& #''+ (,#"* .''( %,'.''* ."*"*

B,#'& ."'(,+,& )"#+* )'.' ."#, )+'&'* +"*" +,&'+ .'&" & )'.'*9 #,),&+" AJI1 (,*'*.* *"%, *+% (,*'('- %,+'-'*'* +,&-'.') )'*'# P"#+* '("*"( )'.' (,#"* &"*'* )+'&'* +"*" ."'+ ,"- %'+ .,*'* drop-forging .'&" '()&'* +"*%'+ AK4 .'* AK2

K'.'*%'.'* ),*,&!''* )'.' ),&(%''* )"#+* ,#" & ."')"#" .,*'* +"('- ''& )"#+* ,&!''* ,"- ,)'+ .''( ),&(%''* "*,&

P"#+* skirt _. _{T,&,)'# .'&" +!'* +'('  +&'*#("#" %,%'+'* +,%'*'* '#} %, '+'* ),*-*  )'.' #''+ $'* #'(' trunk piston !' ,&*#" #,''" crosshead '+' #,)'+ T,%'*'* ('%#"(( )"#+* )'.' ."*."* "*,& ."'#(#"%'* (,*!'." N('  P +'*  N(' 090; P %,+"%' λ

=

1 5 .'* N(' 091 P %,+"%' λ= 1 4 T,%'*'* #"#" #),#""% ('%#"(( )'.' ),&(%''* )"#+* q_N N max

A 9 ."('*' A '.''- )&$,%#" .'&" ),&(%''* '*+''* )"#+*

>'+' )'*.'*?

A  D#  D '.''- ."'(,+,& .'* # )'*!'* piston skirt

N"'" $'* .""!"*%'* *+%  N )'.' (,#"* ."#, #,''" ,&"%+: (,#"* 4 '*%'- )+'&'* &,*.'-  N  19;  29; %/(2

(9)

(,#"* 4 '*%'- )+'&'* #,.'*  N  390  395 %/(2 (,#"* 4 '*%'- )+'&'* +"*"  N  5  7 %/(2 (,#"* 2 '*%'- )+'&'* #,.'*  N  390  395 %/(2

6'&" %"+' '#(#"%'* '-' %,)'' )"#+* +,&%,*' ,'* (,&'+' .'&" +,%'*'* '# ('"(( P ('&" %"+' '#(#"%'* !' '-' %,)'' )"#+* ,&,*+% )"&"* '+ ,&+() ,'# )'.' #""*.,& .'&" %,)'' )"#+*

.,*'* ."'(,+,& D J"%' %,.'*$' ,&'%: F _cg

=

P z 2

=

p z πD2 8

6'%' '%'* +,&%*#,*+&'#" )'.' +"+"% )#'+ &'<"+'#" .'&" ".'* #,+,*'-*%'&'* %,)'' ."'*+" *+% ,'* (,&'+'9 %,(."'* .' ((,* ,*%% >bending moments? '%'* ,%,&!' ." '"'* %&"+"# %,)''9 +,&,+'% ." #,)'*!'* ."'(,+,&*$' D9 $'"+ '$' ((,* F M ' ₀

=

F _cga

=

πD 2 8 p z× 2 3 D π

=

D3 12 p z D"('*' a

=

2 3 D

π '.''- !'&'% .'&" +"+"% )#'+ &'<"+'#" .',&'- #,+,*'-"*%'&'* %, +"+"% )#'+ %,)'' >'('& 141?

D'* ((,* 6  .'&" &,'%#" (,&'+' (,'" +,)" #,+,*'- "*%'&'* %,)'' .'* #'(' .,*'* '$' $'* ,%,&!' R  F

(10)

D,*'* (,*'#(#"%'* '-' &,'%#" ."+,&"(' ,- +"+"% )#'+ &'<"+'#" #,+,*'- "*%'&'*9 %"+' +,(%'*

M } rsub {b} = - {F} rsub {cgb} = - {{πD} ^ {2}} over {8} {p} rsub {z} {{D} r

¿

%,+,&'*'* :

b

=

Di

π : !'&'% .'&" +"+"% )#'+ &'<"+'#" #,+,*'- *%'&'* %, +"+"%

)#'+ "*%'&'*

D" : ."'(,+,& &'+'&'+' '&, %,)'' )"#+* R,#+'* ((,* ,*%%

M } rsub {b} = - {{D} ^ {3}} over {12} {p} rsub {z} - {{D} ^ {2} {D} rsub {i}} M _b

= M '

_b

+¿

D"'#(#"%'* '-' D" M D9 ('%' %"+' (,*.')'+%'* M _b

=−

D 3 24 p z T,'*'* ,*%% σ _b

=

M b W D"('*' W '.''- (.# '"'* )'.' '"'* &# .'&" %,)'' )"#+* J"%' %,)'' )"#+* .'+'& .'* +".'% +,&.''+ &#%&#%9 ('%'

W = Dδ 2 6

."('*'  '.''- +,' .'&" %,)'' )"#+*

U*+% %,)'' &#% '+' %,)'' .,*'* ,*+% %(),%#9 (.# '"'* ."+,*+%'* .,*'* (,+., +,&%,*' grafis dan analisis

D''( (,*-"+* %,)'' )"#+* (,**'%'* (,+., $'* ."!,'#%'* ." '+'# +,'*'* ,*%% ,&"%+   .''( %/(2 $'* ."!"*%'* '.''- :

(11)

• B'!' : 00  1000 • P'.'* ' : 500  =00

P'.' (,#"* $'* (,*$'' ,&,.' #-*$' '*+'&' '"'* .''( .'* '& %,)'' O,- %'&,*' "+9 ),&-"+*'* ." '+'# -'&# ."+'('-%'* .,*'* +,%'*'* (,%'*"# $'* .",*%')" .,*'* ')' $'* ."#,+ .,*'* +,'*'* +,&(' >thermal stresses?

U*+% (,*,*+%'* +,'*'* +,&('9 %"+' '#(#"%'* %,)'' )"#+* #,''" +,(% .'+'& .'* +,(),&'+&*$' ,&'- (,'" +,' %,)'' >'('&141? #,'&' &# ''(" P,&,.''* +,(),&'+& '*+'&' ),&(%''* .''( .'* '& >)'.' '"&'* ),*."*"* .'* #"#" &'* '%'&9 +,&)"#'-?:

Q+  +"  +,  qδ λ %,+,&'*'*:  : !('- )'*'# #,)'*!'* 1 (2_{)'.' ),&(%''* %,)'' ),& !'(}  : %,"#",* %'*.*'* )'*'#   50 '/(!'(C *+% '!' .'* ,#" &9 .'* 175 '/(!'(C *+% '("*"(  : %,+,''*

K()&,#" &,'+" .'* +,'*'* )'.' ')"#'* '& .'* .''( %,)'' )"#+*9 ('#"*('#"*9 ε_c

=ε

_t

=

∆ l 2

=α

∆ t 2 +,%'*'* .'* +,'*'* +'&"% σ _c

=

σ _t

=

εE 1

−m

=

α ∆ t 2 × E 1

−m

'+' #,#'" .,*'* ),&#'(''* σ _c

=

σ _t

=α

qδ 2 λ E 1

−m

%,+,&'*'*:  : )'*!'* ')"#'* )'.' ),&(%''* %,)'' )"#+*

(12)

Q : #,"#"- )'*!'* ')"#'* '%"'+ )'*'#  : %,"#",* .'&" ),('"'*

E : (.# ,'#+"# '-'* %,)'' )"#+* ( : &'#"

B. Peranan!an R"n! P"#$%n

R"* %*#,*+&"% (,*!'("* ."#+&"#" " ),*."*"* ." '+'# ),&(%''* ),&(%''* .''( .'&" %,)'' )"#+*

R"* )"#+* ."'+ .'&" ,#" & +"*%'+ C42140 .'* C42444 K,%,&'#'* .'&" '( &"* )"#+* ,&'&"'#" .'&" '*%' B&"*, 1;0 -"*' 220 K,%,&'#'* &"* )"#+* ."),&,-%'* *+% ,&,.' .'&" "*,& #""*.,& .,*'*  10 *"+

R"* )"#+* )'.' ."#, )+'&'* (,#"* &,*.'- .'* #,.'* ."+,()' .'&" '!' +"*%'+ 15 &"* )"#+* ."#, )+'&'* +"*" ."'+ .'&" '!' +"*%'+ 12H3A .'* 1;H3A

R"* P"#+* ."%,()%%'* (,*!'." .' '"'* $'"+: P"#+* &"* %()&,#" >compression rings? .'* P"#+* &"* " >oil ring ?9 )'.' (+& ,()'+ '*%'-+,&.')'+ &"* %()&,#" .'* &"* " B'-'* $'* .")'%'" *+% )"#+* &"* %()&,#" .'* )"#+* &"* " ."&,*'*'%'* .'&" '-'* ,#" +'*

(13)

R"* )"#+* (,(,*+% )'%,+ &"*9 $'* "'#'*$' +,&."&" .'&" 25 "*"*9 +,&('#% #,+".'%*$' #'+ &"* %()&,#" J('- .'&" &"* .''( )'%,+ +,&'*+* )'.' !,*"# (,#"*9 *'(* "'#'*$' +,&."&" .'&" 24 &"* %()&,#" .'* 03 &"* *+& ("*$'% >&"* "? 6"#'*$'9 (,#"* .",#, 4 '*%'- (,(""%" 2 '+' 3 &"* %()&,#" .'* #'+ &"* "

1 R"* %()&,#"

(14)

C. Peranan!an Ba$an! P"#$%n

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(15)

P,&,&'%'* '+'* )"#+* #,' (,*,&"(' '$'/),&,&'%'* $'* (,(+'& D" (,#"* .",#, $'* ,%,&!' +*'9 ."'"'* '+'# '+'* ),*,&'% (,()*$'" ,*# $'* (,"*%'& )'.' .,&'!'. +,&+,*+ P"#+* .")'#'* )'.' ,*# +,&#,+ D"'"'* ''- '+'* ),*,&'% )"#+* (,('*!'* .,*'* (& '+' ,*# *+% ,&-*'* .,*'* %,)''/+)" $'* (,"*+'* P'.' (,#"* $'* ,%,&!' '*.' %,)'' '+'* ),*,&'% $'* %," +,&.')'+ '&/ "& *+% (,*"%'+%'**$' .,*'* )"#+*9 (,*"*'+ %,)'' '+'* ),*,&'% '"'* ''- (,*.')'+%'* ),&)'*!'*'* .,*'* %,+"&#'* .'* (& *+% (,*"%'+%'* %, %,)''/+)" (,"*+'* C'"&'* ),*."*"*'* *+% )"#+* ." (,#"* $'* ,%,&!' '*.' ." #)'" (,'" '+'* )"#+*9 $'* ('*' ."'+ ,%*'* *+% ,&+!'* .'* (,('+ )")'/ #'&'* %-## S,'- &('-/ '#"* *+% (,('#%%'* '+'* )"#+* .'* (,*$,."'%'* ),*."*"*'* .'* (,*!'' .'&" '# $'* )'*'#

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(16)

+,%'*'* *&(' #''+ #,'(' '*%'- #'-' ,&!''* ."'(" ,- ),&(%''* '*+''* $'* '# #,''" ),*'*+'&9 .'* ),&(%''* '*+''* $'* #,()"+ %,+"%' '*%'- %()&,#" S,'(' '"'* ,'%'* ,&,&'%9 ),&(%''* #,()"+ .'&" ),*'*+'& *+% (,*'(" +,%'*'* *&(' #,'(' '*%'-#'-' U*+% +"), .' ),*'*+'& %,)''/+)"*$' (,(""%" .' ),&(%''* '*+''* $'* &'+' ." +"') #"#"

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=¿

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(17)

K,#+'"'* (,''* +,%%'*/ ,*%% '+'* ),*,&'% ." ),&"%#' .,*'* &(' $'* ,()"&"# *+% ,'* %&"+"#/ ('%#"((:

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),*,&'% >(? ρ=

√

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√

π 64 4 . d4 πd2 = d 4

(

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√

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(18)

6(,* ,*%% ('%#"(( ."#,'%'* ,- '$' "*,&#"' %,+"%' '+'* ),*,&'% )'.' )#"#" ." =00_{.'&" ,*%} 6('

(

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a

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∑

¿

σ ¿  σ _c  σ b _ P_z a  M _max W

(19)

S,+,*'- .'&" *"'"/ )&,#,*+'#, %,,'-'* '+'* ),*,&'% '.''- ,&%,*''* .,*'* %,&#'* '+'* .,*'* .' %,)'' .'* ,'* .'&" %*#,*+&'#" '$' P$'* ('*' #'(' .,*'* '$' "*,&#"' F '+' !"%' '%-"&*$' +".'% #"*""%'*9 %'&,*' '$' $'* ,&'-'- '%"'+ .'&" ,&'%'* )"#+* :

F#  >1015?  πD2 4 P'.' %'## "*" ((,* ,*%%*$''.''-: 6  Pr₀ 8

D"('*' & '.''- ((,* ,*%% ,*'**$' $'* #'(' .,*'* !'&'% )+'&'*

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(20)

σ _b  $ Pr₀ 8W T,'*'* ('%#"(( )'.' #"#" '"'* AA ."#,'%'* ,- +,'*'*9 '$' $'* (,(!& .'* ,- ((,* ,*%% :

∑

¿

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σ

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(21)

F'%+& %,'('*'* "σ _ σ ₋₁ σ _max 3

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α σ

)

)4 K,+,&'*'*: σ ₋₁  "("+ %,+'-'*'* +,&-'.') +,'*'* '"% '*#* >+,%'*  +'&"%? σ _max  P_max 2a  +,'*'* ('%#"(( )'.' '"'* $'* ."),&+"('*%'* a  ( _σ  12 εσ

=

1* α σ _{ 0912091  %,"#",**$'} P,*,+')'* +,'*'* +".'% #,'&' ),*- +'-'* )'.' ),**''* $'* +,&.')'+ ),*' )"#+* .'* %,)'' '"'* %," '+'* ),*,&'%9 %,)'' '"'* %," #,-'&#*$' ."'+ %'% D,&('#" $'* &,'+" +,&!'." )'.' %,)'' '+'* ),*,&'% ."+,*+%'* ,- -*'*

δ

=

0!01"+ PDm

2

E

K,+,&'*'*:

.(  &'+'&'+' ."'(,+,& %,)'' '+'* ),*,&'%9 >(?

J  ((,* "*,&#"' )'.' '"'* +,&#,+9 >(? A*%' $'* ."),&,-%'*:

6,#"* 2 +'% δ , 0901192 ((/( 6,#"* 4 +'% δ , 09005 ((/(

P'.' '"'* '+'# >'&) %,)''? .'&" '+'* ),*,&'% ." ,% *+% (,*,+'-" '$' ('%#"(( +,%'*'* '# P>& 147?

(22)

G'$'

P_z

2 ."+,&"(' ),&(%''* '*+''* '"'* '& .,*'* !'&'% ,'+

)&# #'()'" )#'+ &'"+'#" AB9 %'&,*':

+,'*'* +,%'* σ c _ P_" 2a +,'*'* ,#,&  σ %& _ F _t 2a +,'*'* ,*%%  σ b _ P_zl 2W 9 D,*'* #$'&'+ P_" 2a .'* F _t 2a  *&(' .'* +'*,*#"' *+% %()*,* AB $'* '$'*$' P_z 2 a

=¿

_{.',&'- '&) $'* .",%} W (.# '"'* ),*'()'* "*+'* T,'*'* $'* ."-'#"%'* σ c'mb _ σ

(¿¿

t

+

σ _b

₎

2

₊

√

₄_σ2_%&

√

¿

(23)

S,.'* +,'*'* $'* ."),&,-%'* )),*'()'* '&) )'.' %,)'' '"'* %," σ c'mb _{ 19000 19300 %/(29}

P'.' '"'* #,+,*'- %,''- #'()'" %,)''/ !* '"'* ,#'& '+'* ),*,&'% ." (,#"* %,,)'+'* &,*.'- ."),&"%#' '%"'+ .'&" '$' '%'"% )"#+* $'* ,&'-'- >F#?9 )'.'-' ." (,#"* 4 +'% +"), %,,)'+'*

(,*,*'- .'* +"*" $'* ."),&"%#' '.''- ,,% .'&" #,(' '$' "*,&#"' >('%#"((? $'* '.' >F#(? !' $'* ,&''*'*/'%'"% .'&" ('##'

)"#+* .'* '+'* ),*,&'% .'* ('##' .'&" '+'* ),*,&'% #,*."&" #''+ ,&)+'& : F#( W _{cr+ r-t} g r . 2

(

1

+

λ

)

+

W cr +r't g r . 2 / K,+,&'*'* : W _{cr +r-t}

 B,&'+ .'&" )"#+* .'* '+'* ),*,&'% $'* ."),*'&-" ,-,&'%'* '%'"%

W _{cr +r't} _{ B,&'+ #''+ ,&+'#"9 .'&" '+'* ),*,&'% ."%&'*" ,- +)"}

.'&" %,)'' '"'* ,#'& 6(,* ,*%% .'&" '$' $'* +,&%*#,*+&'#" +'." F#( 6  F _∑_¿l1 4

¿

."('*'

l1 _{'.''- !'&'% '*+'&' )#'+ '+ ." %,)'' .'&"}

'+'* ),*,&'% T,'*'* ,*%% σ b _ M _b W  T,'*'* $'* ."""*%'* )'.' '!' ." %,)'' '"'* ,#'&: U*+% %*#+&%#" $'* .",+'%  σ b _{ 50050 %/(2} U*+% %*#+&%#" $'* ."+,()' σ b _{=0019000 %/(2}

L,'& .'&" %,)'' '+'* ),*,&'% '"'* ,#'& +".'% ,- ,"- .'&" ,'& ."'(,+,& #""*.,& >D? !"%' )"#+* .'* '+'* ),*,&'% '%'* .",)'#

(24)

%,'+'# #'()'" (,,'+" #""*.,& P'.' (,#"* 4 +'% '+ )'.' %,)'' %," (,*.')'+%'* '$' "*,&#"' ('##' )"#+* F!) 9 )'.'-' '+ %,)'' ,#'& (,*'-'* '$' "*,&#"' -'#" ),*!('-'* F#( )'.' ,&'%'* '% '"% ('##' )"#+* .'* '+'* ),*,&'% ."+'('- &+'#" .'&" ('##' '+'* ),*,&'%

C,'- $'* ."+-%'* .'&" %,)'' '+'* ),*,&'% #,'(' (,#"* -".) #,-'&#*$' .")'#+"%'* %,%,*'*'* .'&" '+ '+'* ),*,&'%

F  >135  150? F9 .,*'*:

F  F!) *+% %,)'' '"'* %," >'+'* ),*,&'%?9 .'* F  F#( *+% %,)'' '"'* ,#'&

P'.' (,#"* 2 +'% .'* 4 +'% %,,)'+'* &,*.'- '+*$' ."),&"%#' '+'# ),&+"('*'* +,&-'.') '$' .'&" )"#+*:

F#  >1015? πD2 4 (g T,'*'* +'&"% )'.' '+ $'* ,&%'"+'* .,*'* '$' ),*,*'*'* '' F  X σ _t  F π!b 2 4 i .,*'*: "  *(& '+ )'.' '+'* ),*,&'% .   ."'(,+,& ("*"(( '+ T,'*'* +'&"% $'* ."),&,-%'* 9 %/(2 B'!' %'&* 50000 B'!' )'.'* =0019000

P'.' ),&-"+*'* $'* ,"- '%&'+ .'&" +,'*'* +'&"% ('%#"(( )'.' '+ '+'* ),*,&'% ."+,*+%'* .,*'* &(#:

(25)

σ _t  F _t 1 1

+

0 1 0 ₂ 1 ami"

¿

? 9%/(2 (-t-ra"ga" _:

a_mi" _{ ),*'()'* (,"*+'* ("*"(( .'&" "& '+}

C1  E1 a1 l1  K,%'%'* .'$' !,)"+ .'&" %,)'' '+'* ),*,&'% l₁

=¿

_{)'*!'* %()*,* #,,( ."'%%'* ),*,*'*'*} a₁

=¿

),*'()'* "*+'* .'&" %()*,* #,,( +,&%,*' !,)"+'* C2  E₂ a₂ l₂  %,%'%'* .'&" '+ l₂

=¿

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(26)

P,*' )"#+* )'.' (,#"* +"), %,&!' +*' ."'%%'* ),(,&"%#''* ." +,%'*'*/),('()'+'* .'* +,&-'.') +,%%'* %'&,*' '%#" .'&" '$' '%"'+ +,%'*'* '# T,%'*'* %()&,#" )'.' ),*' )"#+* σ _c  P_z a 9."('*' # '.''- ),*'()'* .'&" ),*' )"#+* S,.'*%'* +,%'*'* %()&,#" $'* ."""*%'* ,%,&!' )'.' '-'* >%/(2_? B'!' %'&*  ;0019000 B'!' )'.'* 1920019500 F'%+& %,'('*'* .')'+ ."+,*+%'* ,'+ &('9 '*%' $'* ."."""*%'* *+% S 45

U*+% ),*.%* ),*'()'* $'* (,&*"* )'.' ),&)'*'!*'*/ ),&'#'* ),*' )"#+* ."),&"%#' .'&" %,&#'%'* '%"'+ '$' P

S,'&' #),#""% +,%'*'* $'* (,&#'% ),*' # q_cr  P_z π 4

(

! 2

−

!₁2

)

S,-'&#*$' +".'% ,"- .'&" qcr

=¿

_{;0019000 %/(}2_{."('*' . .'* .} 1

'.''- ."'(,+,& '+'# .'* ''- .'&" ),&(%''* .%*'*

BAB II

CONTO& PER&ITUNGAN

D''( &'*%' P,&'*'*'* P"#+*9 R"* P"#+*9 B'+'* P"#+*9 .'* P,*' P"#+* ."+-%'* .'+'.'+' '' ''& .''( ),&'*'*'* .')'+ ."%,+'-" #,'&' )'#+" +!'**$' D'+'  .'+' '' $'* ."+-%'* $'"+ :

N,  D'$' %.' >BHP?  1393 HP

C(  K,,)'+'* &'+'&'+' )"#+* >7  22? M 10 (/#   S+&%, $, &'+" M 2 *+% (+& 4 +'% P,  T,%'*'* ,,%+" &'+'&'+'  ;97; %/(2

(27)

A. Per'"$(n!an P"#$%n D"(,*#" .'* *'('  *'(' '"'* )"#+* $'* ."*'%'* )'.' (,#"* ,*#"* ,()'+ '*%'- ."+*!%'* ,- '('& ."''- "*" Ga)*ar. K*#+&%#" ."(,*#" )"#+* >K<'%-9 1=7= : 43;? Ke$eran!an Ga)*ar + & T"*" )"#+* D D"'(,+,& )"#+* & T"*" )*'% )"#+* %, &"* '+'# 'r T,' )"#+*Crown

'1 J'&'% '*+'&' '* &"* )"#+*

&1 J'&'% '*+'&' #( ),* .,*'* ''- )"#+* &2 T"" )"#+*Skrit

** J'&'% '*+'&' '* ),* L-- P'*!'* ),* )"#+* e/ D"'(,+,& '& ),* )"#+* "n  D"'(,+,& .''( ),* )"#+*

P,&-"+*'* ."(,*#" )"#+* (,")+" ),&-"+*'*  ),&-"+*'* #,''" ,&"%+ :

(28)

1 (, &'* '%'& >Vc? >P,+&<#%$9 1=71 :2? :   1! ε

−

1  160 $

−

1  20 (3 2 T"*" P"#+* >H )"#? >%<'%-9 1=7= : 43=? D" 

√

N-+z 0!00523 P- +0m + i D" 

√

13!3+2 0!00523 x8!"8 x10 x1  791 (  791 ((  (,#"*  097;5  D"2 _L 10  097;5  7912_{ L} L  10 : >097;5  579=1?  3951 ( H  >0, '"n!!a 1,3? D" >."'#(#"%'* 191?  191  791 ((  ;3971 ((

3 T"*" .'&" )*'% )"#+* #'()'" '& &"* +,&'+'# >K<'%-9 1=7= : 43=? : -  > 0,0 '"n!!a 0,0? D" >."'#(#"%'* 090;?  090;  791 ((  90;; (( 4 T,' )*'% )"#+* >K<'%-9 1=7= : 43=? 0,0 '"n!!a 0,0  &cr Di 9 >."'#(#"%'* 0907? -&  0907  791 ((  59327 ((

(29)

5 T"*" '& &"* )"#+* >K<'%-9 1=7= : 43=? -"  >0,03 '"n!!a 0,04? D" >."'#(#"%'* 0904?  0904  791 ((  39044 ((  T"*" )"#+* #%&"+ >K<'%-9 1=7= : 43=? H2  >0, '"n!!a 0,5? H >."'#(#"%'* 0970?  0970  ;3971 ((  5;95=7 ((

7 J'&'% .'&" .'#'& )"#+* -"*' #( )"#+* ),* >K<'%-9 1=7= : 43=?

H1  >0,51 '"n!!a 0,1? H >."'#(#"%'* 0950?  0950 ;3971 ((  419;55 (( ; D"'(,+,& '& ),* >K<'%-9 1=7= : 43=? .,  >0,25 '"n!!a 0,2? D" >."'#(#"%'* 092?  092  791 ((  1=97; (( = J'&'% '*+'&' +,*'-  +,*'- )"#+* ),* >K<'%-9 1=7= : 43=?    >0940? D"  0940  791 ((  30944 ((

T"*!''* %,%'+'* .'* ),&-"+*'* )'.' '"'* piston skirt 9 .'&" ),&#'(''*

),&#'(''* ."''- "*":

1 T,%'*'* )"#+* ('%#"(' +,&-'.') ."*."* "*,& >P,+&<#%$9 1=2 : 3;?

N('  090;  P

 090;  1;92 %/(2

 1945 %/(2

(30)

2 T,%'*'* #'()"* #),#""%'#" ('%#"(' )'.' ),&(%''* )"#+* >P,+&<#%$9 1=2 : 3;? *  Nmax Di x 2 ₂  1!456 6!"1 x5!86  09037 %/(2 D,*'* : * 3  395 %/(2

P"#+* skrit ."*$'+'%'* AMAN %'&,*' +,%'*'* #'()"* $'* +,&!'." )'.' )"#+* skrit '.''- 09037 %/(2_{.'* ('#"- ,&'.' ."''- +,%'*'* #'()"*}

"!"* )'.' )"#+* skrit n ! " # ",$ %/(2 S,'*!+*$' )'.' )"#+* crown

."'*') ."#+&"#" ,'* (,&'+' .'&" +,%'*'* '# #"#' ),('%'&'* >P? I#+&'#" ),(,'*'* )'.' )"#+* &* ."+*!%%'* ,- '('& ."''-"*"

G'('&  I#+&'#" ,'* )'.' )"#+* C&* >P,+&<#%$9 1=2 3;? 1 G'$' +,%'* '#'*  "*%''* )"#+* &* > P,+&<#%$9 1=2:3;? F _cg

=

P2 2

=

P2 x π Di2 8 Ma(a% F _cg

=

18!2 x 3!14 x"!61 2 8

=

413!6$ (g cm2

(31)

2 6(,* ,*."* $'* +,&!'." .,*'* '#(#" D_ipi%

=

D

(

P-tr'3%(4 /1$62%36$

)

% M _b  D3 24 P z Ma(a% M _b  "!613 24 18!2

=

334!21(g+cm

3 6(,* +'-'*'* ,*+& )'.' )"#+* crown > Petro%sk&9 1=2:370? : W  D + δ 2 6 D,*'* : δ

=

&cr

=

0!532"cm 6'%' : W  "!61cm x

(

0!533cm

)

2 6

=

0!4cm 3 σ _b

=

M b W

=

334!21 0!4  ;35951 (g cm2 H'&' '+'# +,'*'* ,*."* *+% ('+,&"' )'.'* '(*"( '.''-σ _b  500  =00 %/ cm 2 9 ('%' -'#" ),&-"+*'* +,'*'* ,*."* $'"+ ;35951 %/ cm 2 (,(,*-" #$'&'+ B. Per'"$(n!an R"n! P"#$%n

I#+&'#" ."(,*#" )'.' &"* %()&,#" .'* &"* ),**+& " ."+*!%'* ,-'('& ,&"%+:

(32)

1 P,&-"+*'* &"* %()&,#" > P,+&<#%$9 1=2 : 374 ? ' L,'& &"* )"#+*   >0,02 '"n!!a 0,033?  D" >D"'#(#"%'* 09033?  09033  791 0925 (  T,' &"* )"#+* -  >0, '"n!!a 1,0?  >D"'#(#"%'* 1?  190  0925  0925 (

 J'&'% '*+'&' !* &"* #,,( ('#% %,.''( #,"*.,& L  >0,10 '"n!!a 0,1?  D" >D"'#(#"%'* 091;?

 091;  791  1937 (

. J'&'% '*+'&' !* &"* #,+,'- ('#% )"#+* L" 

0935- 0935  0925 0935- 090;; ( , 6(,* ,*%% $'* +,&!'."

M _b

=

D + b + P_%p+ D

(33)

 D2 2  P%p  "!61 2 2  0925  0945  393 %( D,*'* : P%p _{ T,%'*'* #),#""% &"* )"#+* %, ."*."*} #""*.,&  0945  097 %/(2 _{>D"&,*'*'%'* : 0945?}  6(,* +'-'*'* )'.' &"* %()&,#" W  1 6   -2  1 6 0925 0925 2  09002 (2  T,'*'* ,*%% $'* +,&!'."      M _b W  3!3 0!0026  12=923 %/(2 T,'*'* $'* .""!"*%'* *+% ,#"  ,#" +'* )'.' &"* %()&,#" '.''-1000  1500 K/(2_{9 ('%' .'&" -'#" ),&-"+*'* ."'+'# $'"+ 12=923} %/(2_{(,(,*-" #$'&'+ .'*} _AMAN.

2 _{P,&-"+*'* &"* " >P,+&<#%$9 1=2:372?} ' L,'& &"* " :

  > 0,02 '"n!!a 0,033? D" >."'#(#"%'* 0933?  09033  791  0925 (

(34)

-  >0, '"n!!a 1,0? >."'#(#"%'* 190?  1  0922;  0922; (

 J'&'% '*+'&' !* &"* #,,( ('#% %,.''( #""*.,&

L  >0,10 '"n!!a 0,1?  D" >."'#(#"%'* 0912?

 0912  791  09=1 (

. J'&'% '*+'&' !* &"* #,+,'- ('#% )"#+* L"  0935- 0935  0922; 0935- 0907=; ( , 6(,* ,*%% $'* +,&!'." 6   D  P#) D 2  791  0925  0945 "!61 2  3925 %/(  6(,* +'-'*'* )'.' &"* " W  1 6    -2  1 6  0925  09252 09002 (3  T,'*'* ,*%% $'* +,&!'."      M _b W  3!25 0!0026  1250 %/(2 T,'*'* $'* .""!"*%'* *+% ,#",#" +'* )'.' &"* " '.''- 1000  1500 %/(2_{9 ('%' .'&" -'#" ),&-"+*'* ."'+'# $'"+ 1250 %/(}2 (,(,*-" #$'&'+ .'* AMAN.

(35)

B. Per'"$(n!an Ba$an! Pen!!era6

B'"'*  '"'* $'* '%'* ."-"+* )'.' connecting rod ."+*!%'* ,-G'('& 21

Ga)*ar 2.1Connecting rod

>P,+&<#%$91=2 : 37; ? C**,+"* &. #(' ,*. ' P'*!'* #(' ,*. ,'&"* '%"'+ ,'* 9 .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# > K-<'%- 1=7= : 43= ?    >0940? D"  0940  791  30944 ((

 J'&'% '*+'&' #"#" '"'* .''( #-9 .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# > K-<'%- 1=7= : 45; ? '  L ))     90;;  39044  39044 ((  B'-'* #- .'&" ),&* +"('- -"+'(9 .,*'* : A', #+&,## >b?  2  392 % / ((2 B&"*, H'&.*,# > H ?  40  ;0 . K,+,''* #- : t _b  >090;  090;5? !-x

¿

0!083 x1!$"86cm

¿

0!1642cm

(36)

, Clearence bush .,*'* )"* )"#+*9 .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# >K-<'%- 1=7= :47? : Q  >09000;4 09015 ? !-x  09007 x1!$"86cm  09013;5 (  D"'(,+,& '& #-!_b-x  !-x _{ >2 } t b _{?  Q}  1!$"86cm  >2  09142 ?  09013;5  29445 (

 J'&"  !'&" '&

#-R  !_&-x 2  2!445 2  1922 (

- R'."# '& #(' ,*. 9.')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(#: R  >192  193 ?  &  193  1922  195= ( " D"'(,+,& #(' ,*. : D_  2  R

¿

2 x1!5$

¿

3!18 ( ! (, #(' ,*. ,'&"* : 1 _b  Z [ > !b-x 2  > !b-x _{ 2} t b _? bb _?

(37)

1 _b  097;5 > 293212_{ >29321 0932;4?? 39044} 1 _b

=

0!"85

(

5!$8 5 1!$

)

3!044

¿

  =975 (3 % B,&'+ #(' ,*. ,'&"* : W    B!  =975  090044  09042= %

 P'*!'* connecting rod '.''- !'&'% '*+'&' #( )&# small end %, "

,*.9 .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# > 6',,<9 1=75 : 517 ?

L  >4  49475?  R > R    #+&%, )"#+*?

 495  19755  79;=75 (

4 K,+'-'*'* +,&-'.') ,*%*'* )'.' ,'* %&"+"# *+% '#+ #+,,9 .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# > P,+&<#%$ : 3;0 ?

P_cr

 >3350  92 

6c

ρ ? 

' T+' '$'connecting rod 9 .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(#

> P,+&<#%$ : 3;0 ?: σ _c  p_∑_¿ α

¿

 F _!_−¿_Pz α

¿

T,'*'* %()&,#" $'* .""!"*%'* *+% : K'&* #+,,  ;00  1200 % / (2 A$ #+,,  1200  1;00 % / (2

 Cross sectional area )'.'connecting rod 9 .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# > P,+&<#%$ : 3;0 ?

(38)

α _ p_∑_¿ σ _c

¿



(

13"0!15

−

60!"1

)

800  194 (2 ρ _

√

 α 

√

110!5" 1!64  ;921 ( P_cr  >3350  92  "!8$ 8!21 ? 194  54;4924 %

5 F'%+& %,'('*'* *+% connecting rod 9 .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# > P,+&<#%$ : 3;0 ? S  Pcr F!  5484!24 13"0!15  4900 N"'" '%+& %,'('*'* $'* .""!"*%'* *+% %'&* #+,, 4  ;9 #,-"*'

connecting rod +,&#,+ #'*'+AMAN ."*'%'*

 B,*."* ((,* ('%#"(( $'"+ ,*."* ((,* $'* ."#,'%'* ,-'$' "*,&#"' +&'*#,&#' $'* +,&!'." %,+"%' connecting rod )'.' )#"#" =0₉

.')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# > P,+&<#%$ : 3;1 ? : 6(' M >

"

1200 ?2 B! R  α  L

D,*'* :

*  )+'&'* )&# ('%#"((  300 &)( B!  ,&'+ !,*"# %'&* #+,,  09007; % / (2 6'%' : 6('  > 8500 1200 ?209007;  19755  194  79;=75  ;9;=43 %( 7 6.# ),*'()'* +,&%," **,+"* &. W  bb x !-x 2 6  3!044 x1!$"862 6  19=; (3

(39)

; B,*."* #+&,## )'.' **,+"* &.9 .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# > P,+&<#%$ : 3;1 ?:    M _max W  8!8$43 1!$86  494; %/(2

N"'" $'* .""!"*%'* *+%bending stress )'.' **,+"* &. *+% )+'&'* +"*"  150  200 % / (29 #,-"*' AMAN*+% ."*'%'*

= J('- +,'*'* '%"'+ +,%'*'* %()&,#" .'* ,*."* ((,* ('%#"((: #(     494;  ;00  ;0494; K/(2

10 C**,+"* &. " ,*.

' D"'(,+,& crank pin9 .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# > K-<'%-1=7= : 4= ? :

.)  >09  09;? D"  097  791  590=;7 (

 K,+,''*big end bearing 9 .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# > K-<'%- 1=7= : 470 ? :

+ 2  >0903  0905?  .)  0904  590=;7 (  0920 (

 D"'(,+,& learance big end bearing +,&-'.') crank pin .')'+ ."'&" .,*'* (,**'%'* &(# > K-<'%- 1=7= : 470 ? :

Q)  > 090005  09001?  .) 090007  590=;7  09003 (

. D"'(,+,& '&big end bearing

'bed ! .) 2+ 2 Q) 590=;7  2 0920  09003 ! $,$()" cm

, D"'(,+,& .''( big end bearing

'inb ! .) Q) 590=;7  09003  591023 (

(40)

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