Bahasa Inggris
2013
Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 1
MINGGU 12
Diskripsi singkat :
Mahasiswa diberikan Degrees of Comparison, Coze Passage, Grammar exercise dan terjemahan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris
Manfaat :
Setelah mengikuti kuliah mahasiswa dapat :
1. Mahasiswa bisamengerti apa yang disebut Degrees of Comparison
2. Mahasiswa bisa membaca dengan pronounsation yang benar dan cepat
3. Mahasiswa bisa menterjemahkan bacaan bahasa Inggris dengan istilah teknik
4. Mahasiswa dapat menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris
Relevansi
:Bab ini memberikan tentang Degrees of Comparison. Dan memperlancar membaca juga melatih menerjemahkan, serta latihan menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris.
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Learning Outcome
Mahasiswa mengerti apa yang disebut Degrees of Comparison dan bisa mengerjakan cloze passage dan grammar exercise serta mampu menerjemahkan dengan baik dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia dan sebaliknya.
Bahasa Inggris
2013
Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 2
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
Degrees of Comparison are used when we compare one person or one thing with another.
There are three Degrees of Comparison in English:
1. Positive degree. 2. Comparative degree. 3. Superlative degree.
1.POSITIVE DEGREE.
When we speak about only one person or thing,We use the Positive degree. Examples:
• This house is big. (In this sentence only one noun “The house” is talked about.)
• He is a tall student. • This flower is beautiful. • He is an intelligent boy.
Each sentence mentioned above talks about only one noun.
2.COMPARATIVE DEGREE.
When we compare two persons or two things with each other, we use both the Positive degree and Comparative degree.
Examples:
a. This house is bigger than that one. (Comparative degree) This house is not as big as that one. (Positive degree) The term “bigger” is comparative version of the term “big”.
Both these sentences convey the same meaning.
b. This flower is more beautiful than that. (Comparative) This flower is not as beautiful as that. (Positive)
The term “more beautiful” is comparative version of the term “beautiful”. c. He is more intelligent than this boy. (Comparative)
Bahasa Inggris
2013
Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 3 The term “more intelligent” is comparative version of the term “intelligent”.
3.SUPERLATIVE DEGREE:
When we compare more than two persons or things with one another, we use all the three Positive, Comparative and Superlative degrees.
Examples:
a. This is the biggest house in this street. (Superlative)
This house is bigger than any other house in this street. (Comparative) No other house in this street is as big as this one. (Positive)
The term “biggest” is the superlative version of the term “big”. All the three sentences mean the same meaning.
b. This flower is the most beautiful one in this garden. (Superlative) This flower is more beautiful than any other flower in this garden. (Comparative)
No other flower in this garden is as beautiful as this one. (Comparative) The term “most beautiful” is the superlative version of the term “beautiful”. c. He is the most intelligent in this class. (Superlative)
He is more intelligent than other boys in the class. (Comparative) No other boy is as intelligent as this boy. (Positive)
The term “most intelligent” is superlative version of the term “intelligent”.
NOTE:
*Degrees of Comparison are applicable only to Adjectives and Adverbs* *Nouns and verbs do not have degrees of comparisons*
He is the tallest student in the class. (The term “tallest” is an adjective)
Among the members of the group, Mr. Clinton speaks most effectively. (“effectively” is
an adverb)
Few adjectives and adverbs get their Comparative forms by simply getting “more” before them.
And their superlative terms, by getting “most” before them.
Examples:
Beautiful...more beautiful...most beautiful Effective……….more effective………most effective Effectively………more effectively……….most effectively Enjoyable………….more enjoyable……….most enjoyable Useful……….more useful………..most useful
Bahasa Inggris
2013
Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 4 Different………..more different…………most different
Honest………..more honest…………..most honest Qualified…………more qualified…………most qualified
Few adjectives and adverbs get their Comparative forms by simply getting “er” after them and their superlative terms, by getting “est” after them.
Examples: Hard………..harder………..hardest Big……….bigger……….biggest Tall………..taller………tallest Long………longer………longest Short………..shorter……….shortest Costly………costlier………costliest Simple……….simpler………….simplest
Degrees of Comparison add beauty and varieties to the sentences.
Forming the Comparative:
Form Rule For example
Words of one syllable ending in 'e'. Add -r to the end of the
word. wide - wider Words of one syllable, with one vowel
and one consonant at the end.
Double the consonant and add -er to the end of the word.
big - bigger
Words of one syllable, with more than one vowel or more than one consonant at the end.
Add - er to the end of the
word. high - higher
Words of two syllables, ending in 'y'. Change 'y' to 'i', and add
-er to the end of the word. happy - happier Words of two syllables or more, not
ending in 'y'.
Place 'more' before the adjective.
beautiful - more beautiful
The following adjectives are exceptions to this rule: 'good' becomes 'better'
'bad' becomes 'worse'
Bahasa Inggris
2013
Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 5
EXERCISES:
Choose the correct comparative
1. The giraffe is than an elephant. (tall, taller, tallest)
2. River Ganga is than River Yamuna. (long, longer, longest)
3. You should be when you walk on the road. (careful, more careful, most careful)
4. That temple is a building. (large, larger, largest)
5. Diamond is than any other substance in the world. (hard, harder, hardest)
6. The cheetah is the animal on the earth. (fast, faster, fastest)
7. Rose is a beautiful flower. i find the lotus than the rose.
(beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful)
8. Vatican City is the city in the world. (small, smaller, smallest)
9. I find Dickens' books than Ruskin Bond's books.
(wonderful, more wonderful, most wonderful)
10. This poem is than that one. (hard, harder, hardest)
Choose the correct comparative
1. Bulgaria is an European state founded in 681. (old, older, oldest, the oldest)
2. Sofia is the city in Bulgaria. (large, larger, largest, most large)
3. Of the two spa hotels, the Bankya Spa Palace is .(friendly, the friendlier, the friendliest, most friendly)
4. The Boyana Church is church in Mount Vitosha near Sofia. (an old, an older, oldest, a more old)
5. The Lom River is than the Iskar River. (shallow, shallower, shallowest, more shallow)
6. The cobbled streets in Old Town in Veliko Tarnovo are than the streets in Old Town in Plovdiv. (narrow, narrower, narrowest, more narrow)
7. Bulgariana is the Randall Baker’s book translated into Bulgarian.
(later, latter, more late, latest)
8. This year we are taking an vacation in Sinemorets, at the seaside. (extending, extended, more extend, extendable)
9. Turkish coffee is in Bulgaria than in Turkey. (popularer, popularest, more popular, most popular)
Bahasa Inggris
2013
Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 6 10. English is than German. (easy, easier, easiest, more easy)
11. This is the meat I have ever eaten. (tender, tenderer, tenderest, most tender)
12. My nephew works in an office building which is than ours.
(modern, moderner, modernest, most modern)
13. Violeta is 60 and Leda is 88. Violeta is than Leda. (younger, older, oldest, more old)
14. Vera is than Mila. (smart, smarter, smartest, more smart)
15. Of the three coffee grinders, I like the Armenian best. I find
it . (more elegant, most elegant, elegantest, the most elegant)
16. Three Programs in One Classroom is my book. I am planning to write a book with travel notes about the countries I have been to. (last, later, latest, more late)
17. The town of Ahtopol is not as attractive the town of Sozopol. (so, as, than, to)
18. Our condominium in downtown Sofia is big as yours in Tsarevo. (so, as, than, to)
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
Focus: Reviewing Too, Either, And, and But
Supply appropriate words in the blanks.
EXAMPLES: a.- When we went to the Orient, my wife had already been there, but I hadn’t.
b.- She didn’t have to go to work yesterday, and I didn’t either.
1.- He has to do a lot of homework, and everyone else _______________________
2.- I’ve never made a million dollars, and you _____________________________
Bahasa Inggris
2013
Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 7 4.- I have to work on Saturdays, but no one else in my family ___________________. 5.- My roommate isn’t going to go to school tomorrow, and I ____________________.
6.- When they went to Europe, he had never been there, but his wife ______________. 7.- John has to take the bus to work, and his brother ___________________________ 8.- I couldn’t go to the game yesterday, and my sister _________________________. 9.- I don’t care for Japanese food, and my wife _______________________________
10.- This book cost a lot, and that one ______________________________________. 11.- He had to attend an important meeting yesterday, and she ___________________. 12.- I don’t have to be at school tomorrow, but you ____________________________.
13.- She should stop smoking, and I _______________________________________
CLOZE PASSAGE
An Exciting Trip
I have just…….a letter from my brother, Tom. He………in Australia. He …….been there for six months. Tom ……….an engineer. He is……for a big firm and he…………already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He……….just……..an Australian car and has ……to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. Next month he is……….to visit Darwin. From there, he………going to fly to Perth. My brother………never been abroad, so he…….finding this trip……….exciting.
Bahasa Inggris
2013
Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 8 COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE APPROPRIATE WORD FROM THE LIST.
Expensive size sale refund shopping Cost quality try on fit interested 1. I went ………….last week.
2. The clothes I wanted were on …………. 3. The clerk asked me what ………..suit I wear 4. I didn’t …….the pants or shirt.
5. I hope they both ……well
6. If they can’t fit, I can get a …….. 7. I was …….in an overcoat, also. 8. I saw one that fit, but it was too …….. 9. I want high …….merchandise at low price. 10. Everything I like ……too much money. .
TRANSLATION
Suasana tegang, Petugas Pemda DIY sedang berdialog dengan wakil 14 Dema yang akan masuk kantor Kepatihan. Tetapi wartawan2 terpaksa menahan ketawa, karena sayup-sayup terdengar lagu dari kaset. Ternyata ada wartawan yang karena tergesa-gesa, salah memijit tombol kaset recordernya. Sehingga pesawat recordernya yang ditangannya tidak merekam, tetapi memperdengarkan musik.
PENUTUP
Dengan selesainya ini berati mahasiswa sudah mengerti tentang Degrees of Comparison dan bisa mengerjakan cloze passage, grammar exercise serta mencoba menterjemahkan dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia dan sebaliknya.
Bahasa Inggris
2013
Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 9
Tes Formatif
My Brother ………...from the Faculty of Engineering 5 years ago. He ……….
(telah menjadi) a civil engineer for the ………….. 5 years. He ……….(work) for a construction company in Jakarta but ………….. company also ………… a branch office in Jedda. About two years ago he……… (dipindahkan) to Jedda and for the last two years he ……….. (work) there on a (road/roads) building project. Although he ……….. in Jedda for quite a ………., he still ……..(hasn’t been used to/isn’t used to) the climate. He ….. (already understands / has already understood) the differences ….. (of/in) road building in Indonesia and Saudi Arabia.
However, he …………. (masih belum dapat) apply his knowledge well. He ……….(belum dapat) work as long in the hot sun as the Saudi…………. Engineers ……..(juga). He ……(have) a lot of difficulties but he still likes ……… there and he ……… (hasn’t ready/isn’t ready) to return to Indonesia yet.
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Kunci Tes Formatif
My Brother was graduated.from the Faculty of Engineering 5 years ago. He has been
(telah menjadi) a civil engineer for the past 5 years. He has been working.(work) for a construction company in Jakarta but the company also has a branch office in Jedda. About two years ago he was moved (dipindahkan) to Jedda and for the last two years he has been working (work) there on a (road/roads) building project. Although he has been in Jedda for quite a while he still isn’t used to.(hasn’t been used to/isn’t used to) the climate. He has already understands (already understands / has already understood) the differences in (of/in) road building in Indonesia and Saudi Arabia.
However, he is not able to (masih belum dapat) apply his knowledge well. He
still can’t .(belum dapat) work as long in the hot sun as the Saudi Arabia Engineers do
.(juga). He has been (have) a lot of difficulties but he still likes working there and he
Bahasa Inggris
2013
Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 10
Petunjuk penilaian
Kriteria
1
2
3
menjelaskan tentang Degrees of Comparison Menjelaskan sebagian kecil Menjelaskan sebagian besar Menjelaskan keseluruhan Menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris Menterjemah kan sebagian kecil Menterjemah kan sebagian besar Menterjemah kan keseluruhanUmpan balik
Membantu dalam berdiskusi, memeriksa hasil quisioner.
Tindak lanjut
Mahasiswa yang kurang dapat mengerjakan tes dapat mempelajari di bahan ajar dan pustaka yang ada.
Daftar Pustaka
1. USA, Azar, Betty Schrampfer, 1989, Understanding and Using English Grammar, edisi kedua, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey : Prentice Hall Regents.
2 Jordan, R.R., 1980, Academic Writing Course, Collins, London, Glasgow.
3.Oneal & King Bury, 1975, Kernl Lesson Intermediate, edisi ketiga, Longman Group, London.
4. Peterson, Patricia Wilcox, 1980, Changing Times, Changing Teses : A Review of The English Tense Systm, English Teaching Division, Educational and Cultural Afair, International Communication Agency Washington DC
Bahasa Inggris
2013
Aryono Prihandito T. Geodesi FT-UGM 11
Rencana Kegiatan Pembelajaran Mingguan (RKPM) Ke 13 :
Minggu ke LO (learning outcome) yang akan dicapai harus mengikuti SMART Pokok Bahasan
(Topik) Sub Pokok Bahasan
Metode pembelaj aran (STAR) Apa yang harus dilakukan mahasiswa Apa yang harus dilakukan dosen Media
ajar Assessment assessmenMethod of ts Pustaka 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 Kognitif: Mahasiswa dpt menerangkan tentang Degrees of comparison dan menterjemahkan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris Affektif: Mahasiswa mampu berdiskusi. Degrees of comparison a. Degrees of comparison b. translation, reading, cloze
passage, grammar exercise Collaborati ve Learning Masing masing kelompok menyiapkan materi utk diskusi tentang Sub Pokok Bahasan. Diskusi antar kelompok. Menentukan kelompok. Menjiapkan dan menjelaskan materi. Fasilitator & Evaluator diskusi. Lembar kerja,. Penilaian thd: Penyiapan Materi (antar kelompok) Keaktifan& Kemampuan berdiskusi (individu) Pemerinkat-an individu. 2.3,4
