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Pikiran Rak-vat
~OCD.
. 7 '
o
Senin
o
Selasa
o
Rabu
•
Kamis
o
Jumat
o
Sabtu
o
Minggu
2 3 4 5
6
7~
924
10
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OPeb
o
Mar
OApr
OMei
eJun
OJul
OAgs
OSep
o
OldONov
ODes
Monosodium Glutamat (MSG),
ONOSODIUM
g l u t a m a t a t a u M S G(C5HBNNa04)
s e r b u k p u t i h d e n g a n k e l a -r u t a n d a l a m a i r s e b e s a r 7 4 g / i o o m l , a d a l a h g a r a m n a t r i u m d a r i a s a m g l u t a m a t y a n g m e r u p a k a n b a h a n t a m b a h a n p a n g a n y a n g b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i p e n g u a t r a s a a t a u d i k e n a l d e n g a n p e n y e d a p . M S G d i t e m u k a n o l e h s e o r a n g i l m u w a n J e p a n g D r . K i k u n a e I k e d a p a d a190B.
I k e d a m e r a s a p e n a s a r a n d e n g a n p e r b e d a a n p o s t u r t u b u h b a n g s a J e r -m a n y a n g t i n g g i b e s a r d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n -g a n p o s t u r b a n -g s a n y a y a n g l e b i h p e n d e k ( p e r b e d a a n i n i d i a a m a t i s a a t s e d a n g m e -n u -n t u t i l m u d i J e r m a n ) .I k e d a l a l u m e n y i m p u l k a n b a h w a h a l t e r s e -b u t d i s e -b a -b k a n p e r b e d a a n p o l a m a k a n a t a u n u t r i s i d a l a m k o n s u m s i m a k a n a n m e r e k a . S e t e l a h m e l a k u k a n b e r b a g a i p e r c o b a a n , a k h i m y a I k e d a m e n e m u k a n b a h w a p e r b e -d a a n p o l a m a k a n i t u d i s e b a b k a n a d a n y a r a s a l a i n d a l a m s u a t u m a s a k a n ( m a s a k a n o r a n g J e r m a n ) y a n g a k a n m e n a m b a h n a f s u m a k a n s e s e o r a n g s e l a i n e m p a t r a s a y a n g s u d a h d i k e n a l ( p a h i t , a s i n , a s a m , m a n i s ) , y a i t u r a s a l e z a t ( J e p a n g :
umamii.
I k e d a m e n e m u k a n b a h w a r a s a l e z a t t e r s e -b u t -b e r a s a l d a r i a s a m g l u t a m a t b e b a s y a n g t e r k a n d u n g d a l a m s u a t u b a h a n p a n g a n . S e -m e n t a r a g l u t a m a t y a n g m a s i h t e r i k a t p a d a a s a m a m i n o l a i n s e b a g a i s u a t u p r o t e i n , t i d a k m e m b e r i k a n r a s a . K a n d u n g a n g l u t a m a t b e -b a s d a l a m s u a t u b a h a n p a n g a n u m u m n y a r e n d a h , s e h i n g g a I k e d a b e r i n i s i a t i f m e n g i s o -l a s i g -l u t a m a t t e r s e b u t u n t u k k e m u d i a n d i -t a m b a h k a n k e d a l a m s u a t u m a s a k a n a t a u o l a h a n u n t u k m e n a m b a h c i t a r a s a l e z a t .
I k e d a l a l u m u l a i m e m u b l i k a s i k a n t e m u a n n y a i n i a g a r k e p r i h a t i n a n n y a a k a n p o s t u r t u b u h o r a n g J e p a n g d a p a t s e g e r a d i -a t -a s i . N -a m u n , a s a m g l u t a m a t m u m i h a s i l i s o l a s i I k e d a t i d a k m e n a r i k s e c a r a k o m e r s i a l k a r e n a s i f a t f i s i k d a n k i m i a n y a , h i n g g a a k h i m y a d i a b e r h a s i l m e n s e n y a w a k a n g l u -t a m a -t d e n g a n s o d i u m ( n a t r i u m / N a ) m e n j a -d i m o n o s o -d i u m g l u t a m a t . S a a t i t u I k e d a m e m p r o d u k s i M S G m e l a l u i e k s t r a k s i g l u t e n , h i n g g a t a h u n 1 9 6 0 , d i m u l a i l a h i n o -v a s i p r o d u k s i M S G d e n g a n c a r a f e r m e n t a s i
Amankah?
s e p e r t i y a n g h i n g g a k i n i d i l a k u k a n . A s a m g l u t a m a t s e s u n g g u h n y a m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u d a r i 2 0 a s a m a m i n o n o n e s e n s i a l ( a s a m a m i n o y a n g d a p a t d i p r o d u k s i s e n d i r i o l e h t u b u h ) y a n g j a d i b a g i a n d a r i k e r a n g k a u t a m a b e r b a g a i j e n i s m o l e k u l p r o t e i n . P r o -t e i n i n i b i s a -t e r d a p a -t d a l a m s u a t u b a h a n p a n g a n a t a u d a l a m j a r i n g a n t u b u h m a n u s i a , s e p e r t i t e r d a p a t p a d a o t o t , o t a k , g i n j a l , h a t i ,
t e r s i m p a n d a l a m b e r b a g a i o r g a n t u b u h . A s u p a n M S G d a r i m a k a n a n a k a n s e m a k i n m e m b a n t u p r o s e s - p r o s e s m e t a b o l i s m e t u b u h . S o d i u m s e b a g a i k o m p o n e n M S G b e r g u n a s e b a g a i p e n g a t u r a s a m - b a s a t u b u h . B e r s a m a d e n g a n p o t a s i u m , m e n d u k u n g k e r j a k o n t r a k s i o t o t , p e n g e n d a l i a n a i r d a n t e k a n a n d a r a h , s i s t e m s a r a f , s e r t a p e n y e r a -p a n g u l a . N a m u n , p e n g g u n a a n M S G y a n g
s e r t a p a d a o r g a n - o r g a n l a i n n y a t e r m a s u k d a l a m j a r i n g a n . D a l a m A S I ( a i r s u s u i b u ) p u n d i t e m u k a n a d a n y a 5 0 % k a n d u n g a n g l u -t a m a -t d a r i -t o -t a l k a n d u n g a n p r o t e i n A S I , 1 0 k a l i l i p a t l e b i h b a n y a k d a r i y a n g d i t e m u k a n p a d a s u s u s a p i . M e l a l u i p e l a c a k a n k a d a r g l u -t a m a -t d a l a m t u b u h d e n g a n r a d i o i s o t o p t e r -h a d a p s e s e o r a n g b e r b o b o t 7 0 k g , t e m y a t a d i k e t a h u i m e n y i m p a n g l u t a m a t d a l a m j u m -l a h 1 4 0 0 l u t a m a t b e b a s d a n t e r i k a t y a n g
Kllpiug
Humas
Oupad
2011
r
YENI ENDAH PERTIWlFPW
m e n g a n d u n g s o d i u m i n i m e m a n g t i d a k b o l e h b e r l e b i h a n , k a r e n a k e l e b i h a n s o d i u m b i s a m e m i c u h i p e r t e n s i .
y a n g d ip e r lu k a n tu b u h , y a itu 7 8 p e r s e n g lu - , ta m a t, 1 2 p e r s e n s o d iu m n a tr iu m ) , d a n 1 0 p e r s e n a ir . M e la lu i r e s e p to r y a n g te r d a p a t p a d a lid a h d a n la m b u n g , g lu ta f n a t d a r i m a k a n a n a k a n m e n s tim u la s i o ta k u n tu k m e n d o r o n g la m b u n g d a n p a n k r e a s m e m -p r o d u k s i c a ir a n -p e n c e r n a a n , s e h in g g a d a y a c e r n a m e n ja d i le b ih b a ik .
G lu ta m a t d i d a la m u s u s h a lu s b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i s u m b e r te n a g a b a g i a b s o r p s i u n s u r u n s u r n u tr is i k e d a la m d a r a h . G lu ta m a tju -g a b e r p e r a n s e b a g a i u n s u r p e r a n ta r a m e -ta b o lis m e k a r b o h id r a t, le m a k , d a n p e m b e n -tu k a n b e b e r a p a a s a m a m in o la in p e m b e n -tu k m o le k u l p r o te in s e p e r ti g lu th a tio n , a r g in in - d a n p r o lin e . P a d a o ta k , g lu ta m a t b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i n e u r o tr a n s m ite r , y a itu p e m b a w a p e s a n d a r i s a tu s e l s a r a f k e s e l s a r a f la in n y a . O ta k m a n u s ia s e n d ir i m e n g -h a s ilk a n g lu ta m a t y a n g d ip e r lu k a n n y a d a la m ju m la h b e s a r . O to t d a n o ta k a d a la h o r g a n y a n g p a lin g m e m b u tu h k a n g lu ta m a t.
F D A ( F o o d a n d D r u g A d m in is tr a tio n ) s e -ja k 1 9 5 8 te la h m e n g a te g o r ik a n M S G s e b a g a i G R A S a ta u G e n e r a lly R e c o g n iz e A s S a f e d a n p a d a 1 9 7 0 m e n e ta p k a n b a ta s a m a n k o n s u m s i M S G a d a la h 1 2 0 r u g /k g b e r a t b a d a n /h a r i. S a la h s a tu b a d a n p a n g a n d u n ia F A O y a itu J o in t E x p e r t C o m m itte e o n F o o d A d d itiv e s ( J E C F A ) y a n g te la h m e n g e v a lu a s i k e a m a n a n M S G s e b a n y a k tig a k a li, d a la m e v a lu a s in y a y a n g te r a k h ir ta h u n 1 9 8 7 m e m -b e r ik a n s ta tu s A c c e p ta -b le D a ily I n ta k e ( A D ! ) N o ts p e c if ie d , a ta u b a ta s a n a s u p a n h a r ia n y a n g tid a k te r s p e s if ik a s i.
S ta tu s in i a d a la h y a n g p a lin g a m a n u n tu k b a h a n ta m b a h a n p a n g a n . S e m e n ta r a d i I n -d o n e s ia , p e r a tu r a n M e n te r i K e s e h a ta n T a h u n 1 9 8 8 m e n y e b u tk a n M S G a d a la h b a -h a n ta m b a -h a n p a n g a n p e n g u a t r a s a y a n g d iiz in k a n d e n g a n b a ta s m a k s im u m " s e -c u k u p n y a " a ta u s e k ita r 0 ,2 - 0 ,8 p e r s e n d a r i v o lu m e m a k a n a n . P e n g g u n a a n M S G y a n g m e le b ih i d o s is o p tim u m in i ju s tr u a k a n m e n g u r a n g i r a s a le z a t m a k a n a n te r s e b u t. B a d a n k e s e h a ta n d u n ia ( W H O ) p u n m e n y -a t-a k -a n M S G -a m -a n b -a g i k e s e h -a t-a n , te t-a p i te ta p tid a k d iiz in k a n u n tu k a n a k d i b a w a h u s ia 3 b u la n . U n tu k w a n ita h a m il, g lu ta m a t h a n y a a k a n m e n e m b u s la s e n ta 'ik a
k a d a r n y a d a la m d a r a h ib u m e n c a p a i 4 0 - 5 0 k a li le b ih b e s a r d a r i k a d a r n o r m a l.
B e b e r a p a k a s u s p e r n a h d ila p o r k a n s e -h u b u n g a n d e n g a n M S G d i a n ta r a n y a : .
1 .C h in e s e R e s ta u r a n t S y n d r o m e , y a itu g e ja la le h e r d a n d a d a p a n a s d is e r ta i s e s a k n a p a s d a n p u s in g - p u s in g s e te la h s e s e o r a n g m e n y a n ta p m a s a k a n C in a y a n g k a y a M S G . N a m u n , h a l te r s e b u t m a s ih ta h a p d u g a a n ( b e lu m te r u ji s e c a r a k lin is ) , k a r e n a g e -ja la n y a d a p a t h ila n g d a la m w a k tu 2 -ja m b e r ik u tn y a . M e n u r u t b e b e r a p a a h li, te r -ja d in y a h a l te r s e b u t d a p a t d is e b a b k a n d e -f is ie n s i v ita m in B 6 k a r e n a p e m b e n tu k a n a la n in .d a r i g lu ta m a t m e n g a la m i h a m b a ta n k e tik a d is e r a p . G e ja la in i tid a k d ia la m i s e -m u a o r a n g w a la u p u n m e r e k a m e n y a n ta p m a s a k a n C in a .
2 . K e r u s a k a n s e l ja r in g a n o ta k . T im b u l-n y a d u g a a l-n il-n i b e r d a s a r k a l-n p a d a tik u s -tik u s p e r c o b a a n y a n g m e n g a la m i k e r u s a k a n o ta k s e te la h d ib e r i d o s is M S G 0 ,5 m g - a m g /g b e r a t tu b u h n y a . N a m u n , p a r a a h li m e n y a ta k a n b a h w a f e n o m e n a te r s e b u t le b ih k e p a d a te r g a n g g u n y a k e s e tim b a n g a n o ta k , k a r e n a a s a m g lu ta m a t d a la m o ta k a k a n m e n in g k a tk a n tr a n s m is i s ig n a l o ta k , s e d a n -g k a n -g a m m a a s a m a m in o b u tir a t y a n g te r -d a p a t -d a la m o ta k ju s tr u m e n u r u n k a n tr a n s m is i in i, s e h in g g a te r ja d i g a n g g u a n k e s e tim -b a n g a n s ig n a l.
3 . K a n k e r . B e b e r a p a k a la n g a n m e n u d u h M S G s e b a g a i p e m ic u tim b u ln y a k a n k e r d i-d a s a r k a n p a d a a k a n te r ja d in y a p ir o lis is g lu -ta m a tjik a g lu ta m a t d ip a n a s k a n m e le b ih i s u h u 1 2 0 0 d e r a ja t C e ls iu s m e n ja d i G lu - P - 1 d a n G lu - P - 2 y a n g b e r p o te n s i m e n im b u lk a n k a n k e r .P a d a h a l, h a m p ir s e m u a a s a m a m in o a k a n m e n g a la m i p e r u b a h a n
( k e r u s a k a n /k a r s in o g e n ) jik a d ip a n a s k a n h in g g a m e le b ih s u h u 1 2 0 0 d e r a ja t C e ls iu s . H a l in i b e r a r ti p r o s e s m e m a s a k la h y a n g b e r p e n g a r u h .
4 . A le r g i. A le r g i in i s a n g a t b e r s if a t in d iv i-d u a l, ja n g a n k a n te r h a d a p M S G , b e b e r a p a o r a n g p u n d ite m u k a n a le r g i te r h a d a p b a h a n p a n g a n la in n y a y a n g tid a k m e n g a n d u n g M S G .* * * * .
