Formula I II III IV 1 7,9 7,9 7,9 7,9 2 7,9 7,9 7,9 7,9 3 7,9 7,9 7,9 7,9 Rata-rata 7,9 7,9 7,9 7,9

(1)

Lampiran 1. Data Pengukuran pH Sediaan Perlakuan Formula I II III IV 1 7,9 7,9 7,9 7,9 2 7,9 7,9 7,9 7,9 3 7,9 7,9 7,9 7,9 Rata-rata 7,9 7,9 7,9 7,9

(2)

Lampiran 2. Data Penentuan Viskositas Sediaan Harga Viskositas Masing-Masing Formula

Perlakuan Formula I (P) II (P) III (P) IV (P) 1 66,9011 76,8053 138,5718 228, 4775 2 70,1207 79,6749 139,1108 229,7477 3 67,8977 78,6349 140,0540 230,4020 Rata-rata 68,3065 78,3717 139,2455 229,5424 Keterangan : P = satuan Poise

Perhitungan Viskositas Masing-Masing Formula

Spesifikasi Formula I II III IV Berat (gram) 6,506 5,732 5,816 5,846 Volume (ml) 10 10 10 10 Waktu (detik) t1 3491 3988 7199 11872 t2 3659 4137 7227 11938 t3 3543 4083 7276 11972

Perhitungan Penentuan Viskositas Formula:

(

)

l g r K t f k K 9 2 2 = − = ρ ρ η Keterangan : η : viskositas (Poise) K : Konstanta viskosimeter

ρk : Berat jenis bola (g/ml) = 16,231 g/ml ρf : Berat jenis sediaan (krim g/ml) t : Waktu (detik)

(3)

l : Panjang antara 2 tanda (m) = 0,1 m g : Percepatan grafitasi bumi (9,88 m/s2)

(

)

3 2 3 10 23 , 1 1 , 0 9 88 , 9 10 5 , 7 2 − ₌ _× − × × × = K Formula I volume massa f = ρ       × = ml g 10 506 , 6 ml g 6506 , 0 =

(

16,231 0,6506

)

3491 10 23 , 1 3 1 = × − × − ml g η detik =66,9011 Poise

(

16,231 0,6506

)

3659 10 23 , 1 3 2 = × − × − ml g η detik = 70,1207 Poise

(

16,231 0,6506

)

3543 10 23 , 1 3 3 = × − × − ml g η detik =67,8977 Poise 3 2 1+η +η η = η =

(

66,9011+70,1207+67,8977

)

Poise =

(4)

Formula II volume massa f = ρ ml g ml g 5732 , 0 10 732 , 5 =       × =

(

16,231 0,5732

)

3988 10 23 , 1 3 1 = × − × − ml g η detik =76,8053 Poise

(

16,231 0,5732

)

4137 10 23 , 1 3 2 = × − × − ml g η detik =79,6749 Posie

(

16,231 0,5732

)

4083 10 23 , 1 3 3 = × − × − ml g η detik =78,6349 Poise 3 2 1+η +η η = η =

(

76,8053+79,6749+78,6349

)

Poise =78,3717 Poise Formula III volume massa f = ρ ml g ml g 5816 , 0 10 816 , 5 =       × =

(5)

(

16,231 0,5816

)

7199 10 23 , 1 3 1 = × − × − ml g η detik =138,5718 Poise 7227 ) 5816 , 0 231 , 16 ( 10 23 , 1 3 2 = × − × − ml g η detik =139,1108 Poise 7276 ) 5816 , 0 231 , 16 ( 10 23 , 1 3 3 = × − × − ml g η detik =140,0540 Poise 3 2 1+η +η η = η =(138,5718+139,1108+140,0540) Poise =139,2455 Poise Formula IV volume massa f = ρ ml g ml g 5846 , 0 10 846 , 5 = × = 11872 ) 5846 , 0 231 , 16 ( 10 23 , 1 3 1 = × − × − ml g η detik =228,4775 Poise 11938 ) 5846 , 0 231 , 16 ( 10 23 , 1 3 2 = × − × − ml g η detik =229,7477 Poise

(6)

3 2 1+η +η η = η (228,4775+229,7477+230,4020) Poise =229,5424 Poise

(7)

Lampiran 3. Data Penentuan Tipe Emulsi Sediaan

No. Formula Tipe Emulsi

1 I m/a

2 II m/a

3 III m/a

4 IV m/a

Keterangan :

Formula I : Formula tabir surya tanpa penambahan zink oksida Formula II : Formula tabir surya dengan penambahan zink oksida 5% Formula III : Formula tabir surya dengan penambahan zink oksida 10% Formula IV : Formula tabir surya dengan penambahan zink oksida 15% m/a : minyak dalam air

(8)

Lampiran 4. Data Pengukuran Serapan Masing-masing Formula Data Pengukuran Serapan Formula I

Pengulangan Serapan Pada Panjang Gelombang (λ) (nm)

290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 1 0.3181 0.3186 0.3259 0.2798 0.1758 0.0808 0.0433 0.0189 2 0.3250 0.3250 0.3344 0.2864 0.1792 0.0842 0.0465 0.0178 3 0.3326 0.3329 0.3523 0.3055 0.1927 0.0929 0.0530 0.0228 4 0.3314 0.3317 0.3488 0.3011 0.1895 0.0906 0.0544 0.0275 5 0.2992 0.3013 0.3113 0.2660 0.1604 0.0691 0.0463 0.0160 6 0.3129 0.3107 0.3245 0.2789 0.1741 0.0798 0.0570 0.0233 Rata-rata 0.3199 0.3200 0.3329 0.2863 0.1786 0.0829 0.0501 0.0211

Data Pengukuran Serapan Formula II

290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 1 0.3719 0.3729 0.3833 0.3322 0.2115 0.1067 0.0625 0.0367 2 0.3441 0.3480 0.3585 0.3098 0.1987 0.1017 0.0646 0.0356 3 0.3497 0.3501 0.3716 0.3237 0.2101 0.1089 0.0695 0.0398 4 0.3689 0.3682 0.3884 0.3373 0.2169 0.1118 0.0725 0.0447 5 0.3538 0.3580 0.3726 0.3184 0.1978 0.0923 0.0636 0.0323 6 0.3578 0.3574 0.3748 0.3223 0.2036 0.0990 0.0709 0.0358 Rata-rata 0.3577 0.3591 0.3749 0.3240 0.2064 0.1034 0.0673 0.0375

Data Pengukuran Serapan Formula III

290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 1 0.3966 0.3982 0.4070 0.3535 0.2328 0.1257 0.0746 0.0509 2 0.3690 0.3713 0.3804 0.3290 0.2130 0.1104 0.0657 0.0380 3 0.3979 0.3976 0.4192 0.3674 0.2432 0.1334 0.0837 0.0559 4 0.3832 0.3804 0.3979 0.3480 0.2302 0.1256 0.0798 0.0562 5 0.3755 0.3783 0.3904 0.3376 0.2166 0.1082 0.0745 0.0446 6 0.3804 0.3794 0.3932 0.3413 0.2203 0.1123 0.0785 0.0437 Rata-rata 0.3838 0.3842 0.3980 0.3461 0.2260 0.1193 0.0761 0.0482

(9)

Data Pengukuran Serapan Formula IV

290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 1 0.4366 0.4373 0.4431 0.3883 0.2604 0.1466 0.0822 0.0656 2 0.4014 0.4034 0.4084 0.3561 0.2356 0.1290 0.0713 0.0522 3 0.4462 0.4469 0.4650 0.4096 0.2767 0.1589 0.0948 0.0741 4 0.4059 0.4070 0.4196 0.3690 0.2493 0.1436 0.0884 0.0697 5 0.4044 0.4083 0.4159 0.3613 0.2352 0.1245 0.0780 0.0554 6 0.4027 0.4028 0.4143 0.3590 0.2321 0.1200 0.0728 0.0460 Rata-rata 0.4162 0.4176 0.4277 0.3739 0.2482 0.1371 0.0813 0.0605

(10)

Lampiran 5. Contoh Perhitungan Nilai SPF Panjang gelombang (λ) ( nm) A 290 0.3181 300 0.3186 310 0.3259 320 0.2798 330 0.1758 340 0.0808 350 0.0433

(

)(

n 1 n

)

1 n n λ λ 2 serapanλ serapanλ AUC= + + ₊ −

(

0.3181₂0.3186

)

(

300 290

)

3.1835 1 − = + _X L

(

0.3186₂0.3259

)

(

310 300

)

3.2225 2 − = + _X L

(

0.3259₂0.2798

)

(

320 310

)

3.0285 3 − = + _X L

(

0.2798₂0.1758

)

(

330 320

)

2.2780 4 − = + _X L

(

0.1758₂0.0808

)

(

340 330

)

1.2830 5 − = + _X L

(

0.0808₂0.0433

)

(

350 340

)

0,6205 6 − = + _X L 6 5 4 3 2 1 L L L L L L AUC= + + + + + =3.1835+3.2225+3.0285+2.2780+1.2830+0.6205 =13.616 Log SPF AUC 2 min maks ×       λ − λ = 2 290 350 616 . 13 ×       − = 4538 . 0 =

(11)

SPF = Arc. Log SPF 8435 . 2 4538 . 0 = ⋅ = Arc

(12)

Lampiran 6. Grafik Serapan Sediaan Tabir Surya

Gambar 2a. Grafik Serapan Sediaan Tabir Surya Pada Pengukuran 1

(13)

Gambar 2c. Grafik Serapan Sediaan Tabir Surya Pada Pengukuran 3

(14)

Gambar 2e. Grafik Serapan Sediaan Tabir Surya Pada Pengukuran 5

(15)

Lampiran 7. Data Uji Iritasi Terhadap Kulit Sukarelawan

No. Reaksi Pada Kulit Sukarelawan

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Iritasi - - - -

2 Gatal - - - -

(16)

(17)

(18)

Lampiran 9. Gambar Sediaan Tabir Surya

(19)

Lampiran 10. Gambar Uji Homogenitas Sediaan Tabir Surya

Gambar 4a. Uji Homogenitas Formula I (Formula tabir surya tanpa penambahan

ZnO)

Gambar 4b. Uji Homogenitas Formula II (Formula tabir surya dengan

penambahan ZnO 5%)

Gambar 4c. Uji Homogenitas Formula III (Formula tabir surya dengan

(20)

Gambar 4d. Uji Homogenitas Formula IV (Formula tabir surya dengan

(21)

Lampiran 11. Pengamatan Stabilitas Sediaan Metode Sentrifugasi

Gambar 5a. Pengamatan pada jam pertama

(22)

Gambar 5d. Pengamatan pada jam keempat

(23)

Lampiran 12. Penentuan Tipe Emulsi Sediaan Tabir Surya

Gambar 6a. Tipe emulsi m/a sediaan tabir surya formula I

Gambar 6b. Tipe emulsi m/a sediaan tabir surya formula II

(24)

(25)

Lampiran 13. Gambar Alat yang Digunakan

Gambar 7. Neraca Analitis Baeco

(26)

Gambar 9. Mikroskop

Gambar 10. Alat Sentrifus H1120T Centrifuge

(27)

Lampiran 14. Perhitungan Statitik Metode ANOVA Rancang Acak Lengkap

Ulangan (r) Perlakuan (t)

I II III IV

1 I1 II1 III1 IV1

2 I2 II2 III2 IV2

3 I3 II3 III3 IV3

4 I4 II4 III4 IV4

5 I5 II5 III5 IV5

6 I6 II6 III6 IV6

Jumlah (TA) ΣI ΣII ΣIII ΣIV

Rataan (yA) y I y II y III y IV

Sumber Variasi Df SS MS F Hitung F tabel Perlakuan t-1 SST MST

MSE MST =

F Tabel = {F(0,05);(t-1);(n-t)} Error Percobaan n-t SSE MSE

Total SSy

Keterangan :

SST = Treament of Squares atau Jumlah Kuadrat Perlakuan

SSE = Error of Squares atau Jumlah Kuadrat Error

SSy = Jumlah Kuadrat Total

Df = Degree of Fredom atau Tingkat Kebebasan t = Perlakuan

n = Jumlah Subjek dalam Percobaan MS = Means Squares MST 1 t SST − = MSE t n SSE − =

(28)

Data Perhitungan ANOVA

No. Sun Protecting Factor / SPF

F1 F2 F3 F4 1 2.8435 3.4770 3.8394 4.4160 2 2.9173 3.2138 3.4712 3.8870 3 3.0881 3.3470 3.9862 4.7409 4 3.0539 3.5299 3.7236 4.0915 5 2.6726 3.2804 3.5647 3.9397 6 2.8247 3.3405 3.6195 3.8783 Jumlah 17.4001 20.1886 22.2046 24.9534 Rata-rata 2.9000 3.3648 3.7008 4.1589

∑

=      −       = t t 1 2 i tr Y r X SST

(

)

(

)

0947 , 5 2501 , 299 3449 , 304 24 0031 , 7182 6 0699 , 1826 6 4 3,8783 3,0539 3,0881 2,9173 2,8435 6 9534 , 24 2046 , 22 1886 , 20 4001 , 17 2 2 2 2 2 = − = − = × + ⋅⋅ ⋅ + + + + − + + + =       −       =

∑

= = tr Y r X SSY 2 i r 1 j t t 1

(

)

(

)

0728 , 6 24 2501 , 299 3229 , 305 6 4 3,8783 3,0881 2,9173 2,8435 8783 , 3 0881 , 3 9173 , 2 8435 , 2 2 2 2 2 2 = − = × + ⋅⋅ ⋅ + + + − + ⋅⋅ ⋅ + + + = SST SSY SSE= − 9781 , 0 0947 , 5 0728 , 6 = − =

(29)

1 t SST MST − = 6982 , 1 1 4 0947 , 5 = − = t n SSE MSE − = 0489 , 0 4 24 9781 , 0 = − = F hitung MSE MST = 7280 , 34 0489 , 0 6982 , 1 = = F Tabel = {F(0,05);(t-1);(n-t)} = F(0,05);(4-1);(24-4) = F(0,05);(3);(20) = 3,10

(30)

Perhitungan Nilai HSD r MSE q HSD= α(t,n− )t × 35758 , 0 0903 , 0 96 , 3 6 0489 , 0 ) 20 , 4 ( 05 , 0 = × = × = q

(31)

Lampiran 15. Hasil Perhitungan ANOVA Descriptives SPF N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound 1 6 2,900017 ,1548801 ,0632295 2,737480 3,062553 2,6726 3,0881 2 6 3,364767 ,1188937 ,0485381 3,239995 3,489538 3,2138 3,5299 3 6 3,700767 ,1892258 ,0772511 3,502186 3,899347 3,4712 3,9862 4 6 4,158900 ,3493084 ,1426046 3,792323 4,525477 3,8783 4,7409 Total 24 3,531113 ,5138451 ,1048882 3,314135 3,748090 2,6726 4,7409

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

SPF

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

3,441 3 20 ,036

ANOVA

SPF

Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 5,093 3 1,698 34,657 ,000

Within Groups ,980 20 ,049

(32)

Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: SPF Tukey HSD (I) formula (J) formula Mean Difference (I-J)

Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval

Upper Bound Lower Bound

1 2 -,4647500(*) ,1277844 ,008 -,822410 -,107090 3 -,8007500(*) ,1277844 ,000 -1,158410 -,443090 4 _{-1,2588833(*)} _,1277844 _,000 _-1,616544 _-,901223 2 1 _,4647500(*) _,1277844 _,008 _,107090 _,822410 3 -,3360000 ,1277844 ,070 -,693660 ,021660 4 -,7941333(*) ,1277844 ,000 -1,151794 -,436473 3 1 ,8007500(*) ,1277844 ,000 ,443090 1,158410 2 ,3360000 ,1277844 ,070 -,021660 ,693660 4 _-,4581333(*) _,1277844 _,009 _-,815794 _-,100473 4 1 1,2588833(*) ,1277844 ,000 ,901223 1,616544 2 ,7941333(*) ,1277844 ,000 ,436473 1,151794 3 ,4581333(*) ,1277844 ,009 ,100473 ,815794

* The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

SPF

Tukey HSD

Formula N Subset for alpha = .05

1 2 3 1 ₆ _2,900,017 2 ₆ _3,364,767 3 ₆ _3,700,767 4 ₆ _4,158,900 Sig. _1,000 _,070 _1,000

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 6,000.

(33)

Lampiran 16. Tabel q df Number of treatments 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 18.0 27.0 32.8 37.2 40.5 43.1 45.4 47.3 49.1 50.6 51.9 53.2 54.3 55.4 56.3 57.2 58.0 58.8 59.6 2 6.09 8.33 9.80 10.89 11.73 12.43 13.03 13.54 13.99 14.39 14.75 15.08 15.38 15.65 15.91 16.14 16.36 16.57 16.77 3 4.50 5.91 6.83 7.51 8.04 8.47 8.85 9.18 9.46 9.72 9.95 10.16 10.35 10.52 10.69 10.84 10.98 11.12 12.24 4 3.93 5.04 5.76 6.29 6.71 7.06 7.35 7.60 7.83 8.03 8.21 8.37 8.52 8.67 8.80 8.92 9.03 9.14 9.24 5 3.64 4.60 5.22 5.67 6.03 6.33 6.58 6.80 6.99 7.17 7.32 7.47 7.60 7.72 7.83 7.93 8.03 8.12 8.21 6 3.46 4.34 4.90 5.31 5.63 5.89 6.12 6.32 6.49 6.65 6.79 6.92 7.04 7.14 7.24 7.34 7.43 7.51 7.59 7 3.34 4.16 4.68 5.06 5.35 5.59 5.80 5.99 6.15 6.29 6.42 6.54 6.65 6.75 6.84 6.93 7.01 7.08 7.16 8 3.26 4.04 4.53 4.89 5.17 5.40 5.60 5.77 5.92 6.05 6.18 6.29 6.39 6.48 6.57 6.65 6.73 6.80 6.87 9 3.20 3.95 4.42 4.76 5.02 5.24 5.43 5.60 5.74 5.87 5.98 6.09 6.19 6.28 6.36 6.44 6.51 6.58 6.65 10 3.15 3.88 4.33 4.66 4.91 5.12 5.30 5.46 5.60 5.72 5.83 5.93 6.03 6.12 6.20 6.27 6.34 6.41 6.47 11 3.11 3.82 4.26 5.58 4.82 5.03 5.20 5.35 5.49 5.61 5.71 5.81 5.90 5.98 6.06 6.14 6.20 6.27 6.33 12 3.08 3.77 4.20 4.51 4.75 4.95 5.12 5.27 5.40 5.51 5.61 5.71 5.80 5.88 5.95 6.02 6.09 6.15 6.21 13 3.06 3.73 4.15 4.46 4.69 4.88 5.05 5.19 5.32 5.43 5.53 5.63 5.71 5.79 5.86 5.93 6.00 6.06 6.11 14 3.03 3.70 4.11 4.41 4.64 4.83 4.99 5.13 5.25 5.36 5.46 5.56 5.64 5.72 5.79 5.86 5.92 5.98 6.03 15 3.01 3.67 4.08 4.37 4.59 4.78 4.94 5.08 5.20 5.31 5.40 5.49 5.57 5.65 5.72 5.79 5.85 5.91 5.96 16 3.00 3.65 4.05 4.34 4.56 4.74 4.90 5.03 5.15 5.26 5.35 5.44 5.52 5.59 5.66 5.73 5.79 5.84 5.90 17 2.98 3.62 4.02 4.31 4.52 4.70 4.86 4.99 5.11 5.21 5.31 5.39 5.47 5.55 5.61 5.68 5.74 5.79 5.84 18 2.97 3.61 4.00 4.28 4.49 4.67 4.83 4.96 5.07 5.17 5.27 5.35 5.43 5.50 5.57 5.63 5.69 5.74 5.79 19 2.96 3.59 3.98 4.26 4.47 4.64 4.79 4.92 5.04 5.14 5.23 5.32 5.39 5.46 5.53 5.59 5.65 5.70 5.75 20 2.95 3.58 3.96 4.24 4.45 4.62 4.77 4.90 5.01 5.11 5.20 5.28 5.36 5.43 5.50 5.56 5.61 5.66 5.71 30 2.89 3.48 3.84 4.11 4.30 4.46 4.60 4.72 4.83 4.92 5.00 5.08 5.15 5.21 5.27 5.33 5.38 3.43 5.48 40 2.86 3.44 3.79 4.04 4.23 4.39 4.52 4.63 4.74 4.82 4.90 4.98 5.05 5.11 5.17 5.22 5.27 5.32 5.36 120 2.80 3.6 3.69 3.92 4.10 4.24 4.36 4.47 4.56 4.64 4.71 4.78 4.84 4.90 4.95 5.00 5.04 5.09 5.13  2.77 3.32 3.63 3.86 4.03 4.17 4.29 4.39 4.47 4.55 4.62 4.68 4.74 4.80 4.84 4.89 4.93 4.97 5.01