A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGES
FOUND IN “THE LAND OF FIVE TOWERS” NOVEL
A GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board of Examiners as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of SarjanaPendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
By:
LATIFATUL BAROROH
113 10 140
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
Motto
Let’s bygones be bygones, never give up, keep on spirit and always pray to God.
(Latifatul Baroroh)
Positive thinking and optimistic, I can do it, I can make my beloved parents happy
and proud for my success!
DEDICATION
This graduating paper is dedicated to:
To God Allah SWT
To Prophet Muhammad SAW
Thanks to my beloved mother and father (Siti Baitiyah and Ahmad Ali) who
always support and praying me to be better and successful people. thanks for
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and merciful, the kings of universe and space. Thanks to Allah because the writer could complete this graduating paper as one of requirement to finished study in English Department faculty of State for Institute Islamic Studies.
This graduating paper would not have been completed without support, guidance and help from individual‟s institution. Therefore, I would like to express special thanks
to:
1. Dr. Rahmad Hariyadi, M. Pd., as Rector of State Islamic Studies Institute (IAIN) Salatiga.
2. Suwardi, M. Pd., as Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of State Islamic Studies Institute (IAIN) Salatiga.
3. Noor Malihah, M. Pd as Head of English Education Department of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga.
4. Rr. Dewi Wahyu Mustikasari, M.Pd., as the Secretary of English Education Department of Salatiga
5. Mrs. Mashlihatul Umami, S.Pd.I. M.A the consultant of this graduating paper. Thanks for all your suggestion, recommendation, and support for this graduating paper from the beginning till the end.
ABSTRACT
Latifatul Baroroh (2015), “A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGES FOUND IN “THE LAAND OF FIVE TOWERS” NOVEL”. Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga. Counselor: Mashlihatul Umami, S.Pd.I, MA.
Key Words: Descriptive analysis, Figurative languages, The Land of Five Towers novel.
TABLES OF CONTENTS
TITLE ... i
DECLARATION ... ii
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR NOTES ... ... iii
PAGE OF CERTIFICATION ... iv
MOTTO ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT ... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ... x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Statement of the Problems ... 4
C. Limitation of the Problems ... 4
D. Purposes of the Study ... 4
E. Benefits of the Study ... 5
F. Definition of the Key Terms ... 6
G. Graduating Paper Outline ... 8
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK A. Review of Previous Research ... 10
B. Figurative Languages ... 11
C. Types of Figurative Languages and Their Meanings ... 13
D. Use of Figurative Languages ... 17
E. Literal and Figuratives Meaning ... 17
F. Intrinsic Elements ... 18
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Object ... 27
B. Research Design ... 27
C. Types of the Research ... 28
D. Collecting Data ... 28
E. Data Analysis ... 30
F. Method of Data Analysis ... 30
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS A. Literary Elements of The Land of Five Towers novel ... 32
1. Intrinsic Elements ... 32
2. Extrinsic Elements ... 40
B. Use of Figurative Languages and Data Analysis ... 47
CHAPTER V: CLOSURE A. Conclusion ... 114
B. Suggestion ... 114
REFERENCES
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
In daily activity, there are many important things that become human need. One of them is language. Language is an effective tool to make relationship and work together. (Wardhaugh, 1972:3) states that “language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication”. The main function of language is a tool
ofcommunication. People use language to interact with others human beings. In daily life, language is used as a medium to communicate. In the absence of language, humans would have trouble in life. As a main tool of communication, language has a very important role in human‟s life.
Language is a specific human‟s characteristic that makes them different
from other. By using language, people can say their intent, want, message and information to other people. Sometimes, when humans talk or do small conversation to other, they do not aware the language style that they used, certainly they have used the figurative languages. They just say spontaneously and directly what on their mind, but they do not know what style and meaning of what they utterence.
such as mystery, adventure, teenagers, drama, romantic, and many others. The starting point in this paper was on figurative languages found in “The Land of
Five Towers” novel.
Believe it or not if figurative languages not only used in written magazine, newspaper, poem, novel and drama, but also used in our daily activity. Many people in the environment form a new word which only understood between speaker and the hearer. They feel bored to speak common language. They need something new and friendlier in speaking with other. They create new words, they use it often and it can be their daily language.
In English learning, notably in literature which learn about novel, drama, poem, short story, etc. Figurative languages is very important to make the sentences or untterance which used in novel or drama to interest the reader or audience. In addition, to interest the reader or audience using figurative languages, can make the language more interest.
We can found the using of figurative languages anywhere. It can be found in magazine, entertainment, advertisement, radios, newspaper, social network, movie, novel, and so on. Moreover, unconsciously we use figurative languages to make interaction with other people.
find the meaning of figurative languages in English dictionary. The meaning of the words of figurative languages are different with the meaning in English dictionary. Doing the research about figurative languages in the novel would give the positive contribution for the learner. We can found easily the figurative languages which written in novel and it can increase our knowledge about figurative languages. We can found the literal and figurative meaning and analysis kinds of figurative languages which found in the novel, to understand it more deeply. Therefore, we can get the entertainment and knowledge through the novel.
The Land of Five Towers is the first book in a trilogy written by A. Fuadi. This novel inspired by a true story. The story is talk about Alif who had never set foot outside of West Sumatra. He passed his childhood days searching for fallen durian fruit in the jungle, playing soccer on rice paddies, and swimming in the blue waters of Lake Maninjau. His mother wants him to attend an islamic boarding school, a pesantren, while he dreams of public high school. Halfheartedly, he follows his mother‟s wishes. He finds himself on a grueling
three days bus ride from Sumatra to Madani Pesantren (MP) in a remote village on Java.
According to the background explained above, the writer is interested in conducting this research entitled“A Descriptive Analysis of Figurative Languages Found in “The Land of Five Towers” Novel.
B. Statement of the Problems
The writer formulates some problems of the statement based on the research background as follows:
1. What are the literary elements in The Land of Five Towernovel?
2. What are the kinds of figurative languages found in the novel and its meaning? 3. What are the dominants of figurative languages found in the novel?
C. Limitation of the Problems
Since the research focuses on the figurative languages as the object of the study, the researcher most likely analysis the sentence on the English novel entitled “The Land of Five Towers” that belong to figurative languages. This
research focuses on the analysis of the sentences represent figurative languages.
D. The Purpose of the Study
1. To know the literary elements in The Land of Five Towers novel.
2. To find out the kinds of figurative languages found in the novel and its meaning.
3. To find out the dominants of figurative languages found in the novel.
E. The Benefit of the Study
for educators, English teachers and English academicians to know more about figurative languages.
The writer expect that the result of this study can give contribution for academic field and practical field, as follows:
1. Theoretically
a. Giving some contributions to enlarge the knowledge about figurative languages, which is hoped that after analyzing and reading this research the reader will be more understand about the sentences that included in figurative languages.
b. Giving more information about sentence found in the novel entitled “The Land of Five Towers” that belongs to figurative languages. It is hoped
that after read this research the reader will be motivated to find or to identify or even to make their own research about figurative languages. c. The result of the study can be used as the authentic material to teach
figurative languages. 2. Practically
a. Students
This study gives clear explanation about figurative languages in the novel entitled “The Land of Five Towers”
b. English teacher
This study gives additional knowledge about figurative languanges to teach their students and can be learning resources.
This study is to develop the lecturer‟s insight about figurative
languages in the fiction literature.
F. Definition of the Key Term
1. Descriptive analysis
There are two words that forms the definition of descriptive analysis, that is the word descriptive and analysis. There are two definitions of these two words according to Oxford dictionary (Oxford pocket dictionary: 13, 117):
a. Descriptive : Saying what somebody or something is like, describing something; (Linguistic) saying how language is actually used, without giving rules for how it should be used.
b. Analysis : The detailed study or examination of something in order to understand about it, the result of the study; A careful examination of a substance in order to find out what it consists of.
2. Figurative Languages
Figurative languages is wording that makes explicit comparisons between unlike things using figures of speech such as metaphors and similes. (Faizal Risdianto, 2011: 33)
3. The Land of Five Towers Novel
searching for fallen durian fruit in the jungle, playing soccer on rice paddies, and swimming in the blue waters of Lake Maninjau. His mother wants him to attend an islamic boarding school, a pesantren, while he dreams of public high school. Halfheartedly, he follows his mother‟s wishes. He finds himself on a grueling three days bus ride from Sumatra to Madani Pesantren (MP) in a remote village on Java.
On his first day at MP, Alif is captivated by the powerful phrase man jadda wajada. He who gives his all will surely succeed. United by punishment, he quickly becomes friends with five boys from across the archipelago, and together they become known as the Fellowship of the Manara. Beneath the mosque‟s minaret, the boys gaze at the clouds on the
horizon, seeing in them their individual dreams of far-away lands, like America and Europe. Where would these dreams take them? They didn‟t
know. What they did know was: never underestimate dreams, no matter how high they may be. God truly is The Listener.
G. Graduating Paper Outline
In this section, the writer will discuss some terms in chapter I until chapter V as follows:
Chapter I is Introduction which covers the Background of the Study, which mention the writer‟s reason for choosing the topic of the graduating paper:
reveal the clear definition of the important key term in the graduating paper: the last is Graduating Paper Outline, which consists of the conclusion from chapter I until chapter V.
Chapter II consists of Theoretical Framework. This chapter explores the Reviews of Previous Research and the theory which used by the writer. Those are the definition of figurative languages and some related theories, Types of Figurative Language and their meanings; The use of Figurative Languages; Literal and Figurative Meaning; and Intrinsic and the Extrinsic elements of the novel.
Chapter III this chapter presents the Research Methodology, it consist of Research Object, Research Design, Types of the Research, Collecting Data, Data Analysis, and Method of Data Analysis
Chapter IV include Data Analysis. In this chapter, the writer will present the Data Analysis and finding data of the figurative languages that dominants used in novel.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter covers definitions and theories which are related to the research objects. The supporting theories are needed to help to solve the research.
A. Review of Previous Research
Many researchers arranged the graduating paper on Figurative Languages analysis which conducted previously. The first research is “A Descriptive Study on Figurative Languages used in Westlife‟s Songs” which has been researched
by Ifonilla Yenianti in 2003, the students of State Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) Salatiga. In her graduating paper, she has analyzed about the figurative languages. According to her, the figurative languages used in Westlife‟s songs
are metonymy, hyperbole, personification, paradox, metaphor, simile and apostrophe. It has many connotation meanings than denotation based on the data analysis.
The second researchers conducted by Fita Styarini in 2014, students of State Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) Salatiga. The title of her graduating paper is “ The Analysis of Figurative Languages in Jack The Giant Slayer
The third title of related literature is “An Analysis of Figurative Languages Used in Harry Potter Fifth Movie “Harry Potter And The Order of
The Phoenix” which have been researched by Okventia Rahma Lutan in 2012.
The student of State Islamic Studies Institute in Salatiga (STAIN). In her graduating paper, she found 10 kinds of figurative languages. They are metaphor, simile, personification, metonymy, symbol, synecdoche, paradox, hyperbole, litotes, irony.
The fourth review related to this research, and the title is, “The Using of Figurative Languages in Twilight Movie” researched by Okta Friantina
Rahardianing Tyas in 2010. According to her, there are 10 figurative expressions in three categories of figurative languages; there are comparative figurative languages (metaphor, simile, personification, and metonymy), imagery figurative languages (symbol and synecdoche) and contradictory figurative languages (paradox, hyperbole, litotes and irony).
According to the researchers above, there are similarities of the writer‟s research, the title is A Descriptive Analysis of Figurative Languages Found in
The Land of Five Towers novel by A. Fuadi.
B. Figurative Languages
Reaske in Albertine Minderop (2005:51-52) also provide the understanding of figurative languages as follows: Figurative languages: language which employs various figures of speech. Some examples are metaphor, simile, antithesis, hyperbole and paradox. In general, figurative languages are the kinds of language which departs from the language employed in the traditional, literal ways of describing persons or objects.
Figurative languages or speech contains images. The writer or speaker describes something through the use of unusual comparisons, for effect, interest, and to make things clearer. The result of using this technique is the creation of interesting images. X. J. Kennedy (1979:487) says that a figure of speech may be said to occur whenever a speaker or writer, for the sake of freshness or emphasis, departs from the usual denotations of words.
According to Risdianto (2011:33) figurative language is wording that makes explicit comparisons between unlike things using figures of speech such as metaphors and similes.
C. Types of Figurative Languages and Their Meanings
1. Metaphor
According to Kennedy (1979:490) affirms that metaphor is a statement that one thing is something else, which in a literal sense, it is not. It doesn‟t use connective words such as like or as.
Example:
- Oh my love is a red, red rose. - Time is a thief.
The statement compares two things that different. The word “red
rose” usually use for identify the things. In this case, the word “red rose”
used to giving the identity for the human. Human and things are definitely different. For the second examples, it means that there is not enough time to do what you want. The word “thief” show that time can steal like a
people. It is makes sense when the similarities between the two things become apparent or someone understands the connection.
2. Simile
Kennedy (1979:490) affirms a simile is comparison of two things, indicated by some connective; usually as, than, like, or a verb such as resembles. The comparison is explicit or implied something similar to something else.
Example:
- Jamie runs as fast as the wind.
In the sentence, Jamie runs as fast as the wind, the word “as fast
as” show that Jamie‟s run as fast as the wind. The speedy is invisible like
the wind. The second sentence, the writer makes the sameness both human and flower with connector “like”.
3. Personification
Perrine (1978:55) affirms that personification consists in giving the attributes of a human being to an animal, an object, or an idea. A type of metaphor in which distinct human qualities, e.g., honesty, emotion, volition, etc., are attributed to an animal, object or idea.
Example:
- The leaves danced in the wind on the cold October afternoon.
- Flames ate the house.
In the first sentence, described that as if the leaves were dancing along with the wind. Dancing only is done by a living in a creature that has hands and feet of humans. Because the leaves were moving in the breeze, as if it moves. The word “dance” here has a connotative meaning. In the
next sentence, the writer describes “flames” like a human being.
4. Hyperbole
Kennedy (1983:496) affirms hyperbole is emphasizing a point with statement containing exaggeration. It can be ridiculous or funny. Hyperboles can be added to fiction to add color and depth to a character.
Example:
- I had to walk 15 miles to school in the snow, uphill.
In the sentence above, the writer only have two homework, but he exaggerated with said a ton of homework. On the second statement, he only walks 15 miles but as if had to walk 10 miles to school.
5. Synecdoche
Kennedy (1983:497) affirms that synecdoche is use of a part of a thing to stand for the whole of it or vice versa.
Example:
- Each head imposed a contribution of Rp 1.000, -
- For a long time he did not reveal his nose.
The word “head” and “nose” are a metaphor for the whole person.
Not that his nose be sought but the person.
6. Litotes
Litotes is a style of language used to express something with the purpose of humbling ourselves. According to Perrine (1978:92) litotes or understatement is saying less than one means, may exist in what one says or merely in how one says it.
Example:
- Please stop into our rickety shack.
- My score is nothing compared to you.
The word “rickety shack” and “nothing” does not describe the
7. Irony
A figure of speech when an expression used is the opposite of the thought in the speaker's mind, thus conveying a meaning that contradicts the literal definition. Perrine (1978:93) says Irony has meanings which extend beyond its use merely as a figure of speech.
Example:
- Wow…How diligent you are! You just got up at 12 noon. - How clever you are! You got 4 at your mathematic score.
The sentence above is a satire. The word “diligent” and “clever” are contradictory with the fact.
D. The Use of Figurative Languages
Figurative languages come in creative writers use metaphor, analogy, symbols and more to stir the reader's imagination and bring out the emotion and understanding that can't be expressed by the words dictionary meaning alone.
According to Perrine (1978), figurative languages have several uses. First, the writer says what he want to say more vividly and forcefully by figures than he says directly. Second, figurative languages are another way of adding extra dimensions to language. Third, figurative languages afford us imaginative pleasure. Fourth, it is a means of concentration, a way of saying much in brief compass.
and the hidden feeling thought. Figurative languages make literary work more meaningful. In addition, it also can avoiding monotony on the characteristic and make easily get bored. This is can use for the reader or writer to explain their idea.
E. Literal and Figurative Meaning
Literal and figurative meaningare the distinction in traditional systems for analyzing language. Literal language refers to words that do not deviate from their defined meaning. Figurative languages refers to words, and groups of words, that exaggerate or alter the usual meanings of the component words. Figurative language may involve analogy to similar concepts or other contexts, and may involve exaggerations.
Figurative languages are the opposite of literal languages. Literal language means exactly what it says. Figurative languages mean something different to (and usually more than) what it says on the surface
Figurative languages refer to the use of words and phrases in a different way from their literal meaning, including idioms, slang, personification, simile, hyperbole, methapors, etc.
F. Intrinsic Elements
1. Theme
Theme is the meaning or concepts that are left with after reading a piece of fiction. In the literature, a theme is a wide idea in the story, or a message expressed by a work. Themes are the fundamental and offer universal ideas explored in a literary work.
According to Diyanni (2004:85) Theme is related to the other elements of fiction more as a consequence than as a parallel element that can be separately identified. In fact, theme in fiction is rarely presented at all, readers abstract it forms the details of character and action that compose the story.
2. Characters and characterizations
Characters are the representation of a person in a narrative work of art, such as novel, and drama. It is the imaginary people written on the fiction or drama. As readers, people often come to care, identify, and judge about fictional characters. In literature, characters guide the readers through the story and help to understand plots and themes. In addition, characters in fiction can be conveniently classified as major and minor. (Diyanni, 2004:54).
“spiritual” qualities, his intelligence, even his physical build, as well
as his moral attributes (Potter, 1967:3). Characters are divided into two part, they are major and minor character.
2.1 Major Character
A major character is an important figure at the center of the story‟s action or theme. They are the most character on the story. In
addition, the major is sometimes called a protagonist whose conflict with an antagonist may spark the story‟s conflict (Diyanni, 2004:54).
2.2 Minor Character
character (Diyanni, 2004:55). Characterization is the process of conveying information about characters in fiction.
Characterization has two methods. There are dramatic and analytic methods. In the dramatic, form opinions of the characters from what they do and say, from environment, from what other character think of them. The author comments upon the characters, explaining their motives, their appearance, and their thought it called analytic method.
3. Setting
According to Potters (1967:27-28) Obviously, the actions of the characters take place at some time, in some place, amid some things; these temporal and spatial surrounding are the setting. The setting be slight, vague, and detail. A setting can create at atmosphere that will help produce the particular quality and effect of the story. The setting can actually influence the course of events in the story by directly affecting the characters and by encouraging certain kinds of events while inhibiting others. Setting is divided into two parts, setting of place and setting of time. According to Diyanni (2004:60), The place or location of a story‟s action along with the time in which
it occurs is its setting. 4. Plot
resolution occurs gradually in a series of crises, each one bringing the victory of one side closer, at the end, the conflict has been resolved through the accumulated effect of the crises (Potter, 1967:33). According to Diyanni (2004:43-44) Plot is the arrangement of events that make up the story. Many fictional plots turn on a conflict, or struggle between opposing forces, that is usually resolved by the end of the story. Typically fiction plots begin with an exposition that provides background information needed to make sense of the action, that describes the setting and introduce the major characters. Then, the conflict is reached the climax, a moment of greatest tension that fixes the outcome. Finally, the action falls off as the plot‟s
complications are sorted out and resolved (the resolution). 2. Language and style
Language is a systematic mean of communication by the use of sounds or conventional symbol. Style is the verbal identity of a writer, as unmistakable as his or her face or voice (Diyanni, 2004:79).
According to Stanton (1965:30) Style in literature is the author‟s manner of using language. Even if two authors were to use
number and kinds of images and metaphor. The particular mixture of such qualities in each story would constitute its style.
3. Point of View
According to Potters (1967:29) Point of view is not the author‟s general attitude life or toward his story, but is specific
concept that must understand clearly. Many different points of view are all variations or combination of certain basic types. Almost all stories are written either in third person or the first person. The general effect of these two basic points of view differs. The third person point of view provides a more dispassionate perspective on the characters and events.
In the first point of view, the narrator is participant in the story. The narrator is the voice that‟s tells the story, first is a first -person, narrator tells the story using the word “I” and “me”, as if
he/she were actually there. In third point of view, a story told by a narrator who is not one of the story‟s participants. The third-person narrator tells the story from the outside and doesn‟t use the word “I”
and “me” to describe the story‟s events, instead, the types of narrator
describe the characters as “he/him” or “she/her”, etc.
G. Extrinsic Elements
1. Biography
According to Hornby (1987:82), biography is person‟s life
history written by another. It is the history of the life and character of another person. A biography is a life history of an object as a literary of literature. A biography is a detailed description or account of someone's life. It entails more than basic facts (education, work, relationships, and death), biography also portrays the subject's experience of those events. Unlike a profile or curriculum vitae (résumé), a biography presents the subject's life story, highlighting various aspects of his or her life, including intimate details of experience, and may include an analysis of the subject's personality. 2. Synopsis
According to Hornby (1987:877), synopsis is summary or outline of a book, play, etc. synopsis is a brief statement giving a general view of some subject, novel or movie. A synopsis is a brief summary of the major points of a written work, either as prose or as a table; an abridgment or condensation of a work.
3. Cultural Background
changed. Cultural background is the context of one's life experience as shaped by membership in groups based on ethnicity, race, and socioeconomic status.
Cultural background is a person's primary source of how he or she would form their identity. It is a source for defining a person, expression, and the sense of group needed by all humans. (http://
www.oppapers.com) 4. Message
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This presents the methodology which is used by the writer to analyze the data. Method is defined as a way or technique done in research (Sudaryanto, 1993:9).
A. Research Object
The object of this research is the figurative languageswhich are written by the writer of “The Land of Five Towers” novel.
B. Research Design
The method which is used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Descriptive analysis means to analyze the data which has been described; it is the research based on the fact taken from the novel. This research deals with a research procedure that generates descriptive data in words and language form. The analyses in qualitative research concern in understanding the result of found data rather than calculate the result of found data. (Moleong, 2009:3)
Data sources are all information or subjects that should be collected and chosen by the research (Arikunto,1998:114). There are two types of the resources in this study; there are primary and secondary sources.
1. Primary Source
primary source of this study is taken from “The Land of Five
Towers” novel directed by A. Fuadi.
2. Secondary source
Secondary source is the supporting data to make the primary data to be more clearly and detail. The supported data is taken from education books and relevant theories.
C. Types of the Research
The researcher uses the literature research in this study. In this research, the researcher decided to use library research. As I know that literature research needs another literature material to deal with the study. By library research, I can collect the data from books and academic writing. D. Collecting Data
In this study, the researcher used documentation as the way to collect the data. According to Arikunto (2010: 201), documentation was from the original word document, which means that stuff writing. In implement the method of documentation, researchers investigated the objects written as books, novels, magazines, documents, regulations, meeting notes, diaries and so on.
In this study, the researcher uses documentation method to analyzed data from “The Land of Five Towers” novel. The researcher also
a. The researcher reads all the chapters of the novel.
b. The researcher selected the figurative languages which were found in the novel.
c. The writer collected and took a note about the figurative languages from the novel.
d. The writer rearranged the data which are appropriate with the problem of the study using a unique sstring of codes.
About point d, to give information on the data, the writer used a string of codes which provides information on each data. The full list of codes is in the table.
Table 3.1
List of Codes and the Examples of Figurative Languages Coding P.4/ Prg.2/ L.1
We can read P.4 is page 4, Prg.2 is Paragraph 2, L.1 is Line1 These are the examples:
No Figurative
Languages Sentences Coding
1. Personification
“My thoughts immediately flew far away to the past”.
P.4/ Prg.2/L.1
2. Hyperbole
“My shrill pubescent voice broke the silence of that Sunday morning”.
3. Simile
“The lumpy snow looked like cotton pouring from the sky”
P.1/ Prg.1/ L.4
4. Metaphor “Her smile was fresh
medicine.” P.129/ Prg.2/ L.2
5. Symbol “Lionof the podium.” P.153/ Prg.3/ L.3 6. Synecdoche
“The schedule is strictly regulated by a bell”
P.52/ Prg.3/ L.4
E. Data Analysis 1. Data Listing
The writer lists the data based on the kinds of figurative languages, which focus on literal and non literal meaning of figurative languages to make it easier to classifying data.
2. Data Classification
Classifying each figurative languages according to some of the points based on the kinds of figurative languages.
F. Method of Data Analysis
There are some methods whichare used by the writer to analyze the data: a) Reading and observing the figurative languages which are
found in this novel.
CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS
A. The Literary Elements of The Land of Five Towers Novel by A.Fuadi
In this chapter, the writer would like to answer the problem statements that have been presented in chapter I. The writer will explain the literary elements of the novel, describe the messages, and discuss what are the figurative languages that be used on The Land of Five Tovers novel by A.Fuadi. The literary elements of the novel are extrinsic and intrinsic elements. The literary elements of the novel
“The Land of Five Towers” is as the following:
a. Intrinsic Elements
1. Characters and Characterizations
1.1Major Characters
The major characters used on The Land of Five Towers novel are Alif Fikri, Baso, Said, Dulmajid, Raja, and Atang.
Alif Fikri : He is the central figure in this novel. He is an obedient child, had the hobby of „pen pals‟, to be very shy about
appearing in public, and ashamed to voice hispreference.
Baso :He is a second major figure in this novel. Baso was dark skin, the most diligent one among sahibul menara, had photographic memory, bookworm.
among sahibul menara, saw everything in a positive light, had quasi-adult style, an agile striker.
Dulmajid :He is a fourth major figure in this novel. Dulmajid was a darkskinned boy, honest, toughtest, faithful friend, wanted to become a teacher, ashamed.
Raja :He is a fifth major figure in this novel. Raja was a skinny kid, his main hobby was reading books, bookworm, always happily shared any information, a speech expert. Atang : He is a sixth major figure in this novel. Atang was a
lanky boy with short, straight hair. 1.2Minor Characters
The minor characters used on The Land of Five Towers Novel are Alif‟s father, Alif‟s mother (Amak), Randai, Ustad
Salman, Teuku, Kiai Rais, Kak Iskandar, Tyson/Rajab Sujai, Kak Sofyan, Ustad Torik, Kak Sarif, Kak Mualim, Pak Yunus, Abi, Kurdi, Ustad Khalid, Sarah, Ustad Khaidir, Mbok Warsi, Soleh, Zamzam, Taufan, Abdil, Teguh, and Malik.
Amak : She is Alif‟s mother. Amak was a diligent, a caring mother and wife, her smile was fresh medicine, fair, and unyielding person.
Randai : He is Alif‟s friend in Maninjau. Randai was Alif‟s close
friend, the son of a rich merchant, had the hobby of „pen pals‟.
Ust. Salman : Ustad Salman generously shared a large and bubbling, positive energy, had a radiant face and a ten-centimeter wide smile, a cheerful man, had unique style.
Teuku : Teuku was dark skinned boy, spoke loudly and hurriedly, have a voice of gold.
Kiai Rais : Kiai Rais was a middle-aged man, had the face of a patient father, modest, renaissance man, liked joke. Kak Iskandar: Iskandar was the head of the dorm, a great goalie, tall
and lean.
Tyson : Tyson/ Rajab Sujai had voice thundered, was the Head of Central Security, short and stocky, has the authoritative style, was a disciplined defender, had good sportsmanship.
Kak Sofyan :Kak Sofyan was fromthe Information Section.
Ust. Torik :Ustad Torik was thin and lanky, occupied the highest caste in the hierarchy of order and security at Madani, had a good memorization.
Kak Sarif : Kitchen supervisor.
Pak Yunus : Pak Yunus was Atang‟s Father, a Bandung goverment employee.
Abi : Abi was Said‟s father, a robust middle-aged man with white hair.
Kurdi : Kurdi was a roundfaced boy with an even rounder belly and a joyous nature, Alif‟s roomates.
Ust. Khalid :Ustad Khalid was Sarah‟s father, one of the strictest
and most revered teachers, had a firm and authoritative voice.
Sarah :Sarah was Ustad Khalid‟s daughter, like a princess, a cheery girl, active, and not afraid to express her opinion.
Ust. Khaidir :Ustad Khaidir had a medium but strong build. Mbok Warsi: Mbok Warsi was the kitchen staff.
Soleh : Soleh was Alif‟s friend from guest reception.
Zamzam : Zamzam was a typical sundanese boy, bright skin, neat, polite, and handsome.
Taufan : Taufan was the journalists of the Flash 70. Abdil : Abdil was Alif‟s friend from Jakarta. Teguh : Teguh was Alif‟s classmate.
Malik : Malik was tall body.
The protagonist characters are Alif, Baso, Atang, Said, Dulmajid, Raja, Amak, Father, Abi, Ustad Salman, Sarah, and Kiai Rais.
2. Setting
2.1Setting of place
The story took place in Washington D.C., some place in Indonesia, and London.
2.2Setting of time
The story was in twentieth century.
3. Theme
The theme of Negeri 5 Menara translated into The Land of Five Towers
is education, (MAN JADDA WA JADDA) its mean the people that work hard to reach their dreams, they will be success.
4. Plot
The plot that used in The Land of Five Towers novel is flash back.And these are the structure of the plot:
4.1 Exposition
State High School together with his best friend, Randai. His mother wanted him to attend an islamic boarding school, a pesantren. Halfheartedly, he followed his mother‟s wishes.
4.2 Rising action
Alif went to Madani Pesantren in Ponorogo together with his father. Randai entered Senior High School. The first lesson, Alif was captivated by the powerful phrase “Man Jadda
Wajada”,”He who gives his all will surely succeed. United by
punishment, he quickly becomes friends with five boys from across the archipelago, and together and they become known as the fellowship of the manara.
4.3 Climax
Alif was Entering year six. Randai sended a letter to Alif again, the contents: Randai entered ITB. Baso went home because his grand mother was sick. It inspired Alif to go home. He sended a letter which contents that he would like to go home. His mother disagreed and his father came to MP.
4.4 Falling action
4.5 Resolution
The resolution of this novel is happy ending, because the main character were success. In the story, Alif met with Raja and Atang in London. Atang asked that Said was carrying on the Jufri family batik business at pasar Ampel in Surabaya. Said and Dulmajid worked together to found a pesantren with the spirit of MP in Surabaya. Baso received a full scholarship from the Saudi Arabia goverment to college in mecca. Meanwhile, Atang had been studying in Cairo, Al-Azhar University. Raja had been living in London for the past year, after finishing his degree in Islamic Law in Medina.
4.6 Style
After reading the novel, the writer can put forward that A.Fuadi style in written this novel is easy to understand and interesting. This novel is very inspiring the people to make their dreams come true.
4.7 Point of view
In “The Land of Five Towers” the author uses First-person points of view.
b. Extrinsic Elements
Extrinsic elements are those things which come from the outside to influence the story.
The Land of Five Towers novel talks about life‟s journey of
Alif character with his friends while studying at Madani Pesantren. The story is inspired by the experience of the author himself, but of course the literary imagination added up with the author‟s
imagination.
Started when Alif, as the only boy of three siblings, had completed his education at Madrasah Tsanawiyah. He, as the billiant student, received the award at his school farewell night party.
His admiration of Prof. B.J. Habibie, brought him aspire to continue his study at the Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB). To achieve his hope, after finishing studying at Madrasah Tsanawiyah, he wished to continue his study at the Public High School.
What Alif‟s wish was not as easy as he imaginated. His
parents, especially his mother, were expecting their excellent boy (Alif) continued to religious education, in hope soon he would become religious leader such as Buya Hamka. His mother‟s sacred
mother‟s desire. Fortunately, a letter came from his uncle who was
studying at Al-Azhar University in Egypt. In his letter, he reported that many of his friends in Egypt who were very disciplined and fluent in English and Arabic, they were alumni from Madani Pesantren. At the end of his letter he proposed to Alif to study there.
Alif by using the bus crossing the island of Sumatra during three days, was accompanied by his father went to Madani Pesantren. During the trip, Alif still doubted whether it was the best decision, or in tune with the situation to himself. He did not know much of this pesantren, the only information he got was from his uncle.
Consequently, while living in pesantren , Alif had friends with Atang from Bandung, Raja from Medan, Said from Surabaya, Dulmajid from Madura and Baso from Gowa, South Sulawesi. Everyday before sunset they gathered under the tower the place where they planned their dreams, ideals. To other friends called them as tower sahibul (fellowship).
language. Since their perseverance and effective teaching method, eventually all students could communicate with the foreign language within the limits specified time, including Alif.
The exemplary and life principles were inculcated by their teachers with discipline and sincerity. These principles strongly etched and burned into their souls. So the provision that is applied at each of their steps, and finally delivered accomplish what desired.
Among the principles that affect their lives were man jadda wajada (He who gives his all will surely succeed), i‟malu fauqa ma
amilu (going the extra mile), i‟timadu ala nafsik ( stand on their
own feet), man thalaba al ula sahira layali (he who wants glory will work late into the night), and man sabara zhafira (he who patient will be fortunate). Among the five principles that affect them the most prominent and often raised each perform activities was man jadda wajada especially if the activities require extra struggles and challenges.
2. Biography of The Author
derived from sensitivity. It is because there are issues that need to be resolved. (Kamaruddin, 1998)
To be more familiar with the author, the readers should learn the author‟s biography. By knowing the twists and turns of
the author‟s life, they will more understand the conveyed messages. The authors and their experiences cannot be separated.
Typically, the author will create work based on their own experiences, imagination and creativity. (Abdul Razak, 2008). The selected background of the place, time and people have been ever traversed first, so they will be able to recount in detail and properly.
The highlighted themes, issues and values regard for the author‟s tendency. The tendency of a writer with a background of
religious education, for example, will most likely write religious matters. Therefore, the novels may affect as if the story is written entirely true, in fact there is an element of whimsy. One example is A. Fuadi‟s novels.
(UNPAD) Department of International Relations, Bandung, Indonesia. Also he finished his Master‟s program at the School of
Media and Public Affairs, George Washington University, USA, with a scholarship from the Fulbright in 1999.
While as college student, he became a Correspondent and Tempo Voice of America (VOA) reporter. Historical News reported, such as September 11th directly from the Pentagon, white House and Capitol Hill. In 2004, he got the Chevening Award scholarship to study at the Royal Holloway, University of London for the documentary film.
Therefore his perseverance to seek scholarship and was always eager to continue his study, then made him gain 8 scholarships to study abroad. He had the opportunity to live and study in Canada, Singapore, the United States and British.
He was the Director of Communicatins at The Nature Convervancy, an international NGO Convervancy. Now he is busy for writing, being a motivation speaker, as well as establishing a social foundation to help the education of poor people, namely the Komunitas Menara (Tower Community).
received several awards, namely the Khatulistiwa Literary Nomination Award 2010, The Most Favored Book and Writer Anugrah Pembaca Indonesia (Indonesian Reader Award)‟s 2010.
In 2011, he received the Liputan 6 Award, SCTV for Motivation and Education category. (A. Fuadi:2012)
3. Religious ProselytizingMessage in Negeri Lima Menara Novel
Because he was very impressed with what happened during studying at Pesantren Darussalam, A. Fuadi determined to write about the learning process and the pesantren. Although at first he was forced to enter pesantren, just following the will of his mother, but finally he was satisfied and thanked to his mother for gaining valuable knowledge as provision of life.
Initially it will be written in the form of a book, but this time embodied in the form of the "Negeri Lima Menara" novel. The desire to write is only for sharing to the society is a part of
dakwah (encourage the good and forbidding the evil) with the hope of making it as motivation, ibrah(lesson) as the author's own experience. Based on the writer‟s analysis and after studying this
B. The Use of Figurative Languages in The Land of Five Towers Novel
In this chapter, the writer would like to discuss about kinds of figurative languages in The Land of Five Towers novel and its meaning. The literal and figurative meaning will be present and also the reason of figurative languages. Figurative languages use figure of speech a way of saying something other than the literal meaning of the word.
There are many kinds of figurative languages they are, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification, paradox, synecdoche, apostrophe, symbol, irony, and litotes, but not all of kinds figurative languagesis used in The land of Five Towers
novel. The writer only found 6 kinds of figurative languages that is found in The Land of Five Towers novel by A. Fuadi, they are personification, hyperbole, simile, metaphor, symbol, and synecdoche.
Here is the detail information about figurative languages found in The Land of Five Towers novel.
a. Personification
Personification is a figurative comparison endowing inanimate things with human qualities. The writer found some personifications that used in The Land of Five Towers novel, they are:
No Sentences
Literal Meaning
Figurative Meaning
Reason Coding
1. “My thoughts
The mean of flew here
Suddenly remember
In this sentence, described that as
immediately in a creature that has wings like a
opposing in a creature that has hands and feet. Because the boat were through at the Sunda straight in journey, as if it spliting. The word “spliting”
something. mouth, hands and feet. Because the letters contains about Randai‟s
story, as if it telling. The word “telling”
here has a connotative meaning.
4. “The first
question
pounced.”
The mean of pounced is make a sudden forward attack on somebody or
something. e.g: The lion
crouched
The first difficult question was posed.
In this sentence, described that as if the question were pounced as animal do. That the pounce only is done by a living in a creature that has mouth, hands and feet. Because the
ready to pounce.
question so difficult and made tense, as if described that as if the British British Empire were colonized
many countries in this world, as if it straddled. The word “straddled” here
has a
connotative meaning.
6. “The sound
of whistles echoed,
tearing
through the darkness.”
The mean tearing here is damage something by pulling it apart or into pieces or by cutting it on something sharp.
The sound of whistles echoed very loud in the night.
In this sentence, described that as if the letters were telling as humans do. That the telling only is done by a living in a creature that has mouth, hands and feet. Because the letters contains about Randai‟s
story, as if it
telling. The word “telling”
here has a connotative meaning.
7. “His
piercing eyes didn‟t
leave my face.”
The mean of leave is go away from a person or place.
Glower in the face.
In this sentence, described that as if the eyes were leave as humans do. That the leave only is done by a living in a creature that has hands and feet. Because the eyes were looked at my face, as if it didn‟t leave.
The word “leave” here has
a connotative meaning.
8. “Yum, described that as if the flavour of
The word “took” described that as if the soul were war as humans do. That the war only is done by a living in a creature that has hands and described that as
fumes
swallowed
Baso‟s
hand, which could
faintly be seen still waving”.
here is cause food, etc to go down your throat.
dust and exhaust fumes.
if the dust and exhaust fumes were swallowed as humans do. That the swallowed only is done by a living in a creature that has mouth, hands and feet. Because the dust and exhaust fumes very thick, as if it swallowed. The word
“swallowed”
here has a connotative meaning.
L.3
11. “In another
corner of
The mean of conflict
Someone that felt
In this sentence, described that as
my heart, in a creature that has hands and feet. Because he did
halfheartedly, in mouth is different with the heart, as if it conflict. The word “conflict”
here has a described that as if the inner were war as humans
between countries; struggle or competition
do. That the war only is done by a living in a creature that has hands and feet. Because he has a conflict in his inner, as if it war. The word “war” here has a
connotative meaning.
13. “The grey
hairs were also now
invading his mustache and
sideburns”.
The mean of invading here is enter a country with armed forces in order to attack or occupy it.
He is old man and the hair was gray.
In this sentence, described that as if the grey hairs were invading as humans do. That the invading only is done by a living in a creature that has hands and
feet. Because there are many grey hairs in his mustache and sideburns, as if it invading. The word “invading” here has a connotative meaning.
b. Hyperbole
Hyperbole, derived from a Greek word meaning “over-casting” is a figure of speech, which is involves an exaggeration or over statements of the ideas for the sake of emphasis. Here the writer found some hyperboles that is used in The Land of Five Towers novel, they are:
No Sentences Literal Meaning
Figurative Meaning
Reason Coding
1. “My shrill pubescent voice broke
the silence of that
The word broke can be defined as “to
smash, split,
His shrill pubescent voice very loud in the silences.
The word “broke” or
“break” is a
daily word used for decribing the
P.12/ Pgr.3/
Sunday physical object. So that hearing the phrase “broke the
silence” sounds
when summer.
expression of over-statement for describing something to start burn by a fire. So that hearing the phrase “ignite
our spirit”
sounds an expression of over-statement.
passion” sounds
an expression of for describing something phrase “gripped
burned with for describing something something fall from a higher
falling, I
falling” sounds
an expression of for describing something become cool. So that hearing the phrase “his
voice cooled”
of the
silence for decribing the division of physical object. So that hearing the phrase “chuckles broke
out” sounds an
confused;
eruption. So that hearing the word “exploded”
sounds an expression of over-statement describing high place and far expression of over-statement. describing part of body. So that
bones”. part that form the skeleton of the capture body.
hearing the sentence “The
recipe of knowledge had reachedtheirbon es.” sounds an
expression of over-statement. 13. “I see the
world in
those clouds”.
The mean of the world is the earth, its countries and people.
The
shapes of the clouds are like the world in the map.
The word “world” is a
daily word used for describing the large place that containt of many things and living things. So that hearing the phrase “see the
world in those clouds” sounds
an expression of over-statement since it is
impossible things that the world can be seen in the clouds
14. “Mountains
of books”.
The word mountains can be defined as “very high
hill, often with rocks near the top
High stacks of many books.
The word of “mountain” is a
daily word used for decribing the division of physical object. So that hearing the phrase “mountain”
sounds an expression of over-statement since it is impossible that the books very high hill with rocks near the top.
15 “I started to for describing the division of physical object. So that hearing
The word “flies”
is a daily word used for describing the capture or something that has wings. So that hearing the word “flies”
sounds an expression of
over-statement. for describing the something that have not earth
gravitation. So that hearing the word “drifted”
sounds an expression of over-statement. for describing the volcano that make an eruption. So that hearing the Phrase “the
question
erupted” sounds
an expression of over-statement since it is unimaginable or impossible for describing something that has heavy burden. So that hearing the phrase “heavy
eyes” sounds an
Ambassador something that fall into the water. So that hearing the word “drowned”
sounds an expression of over-statement. describing the division of physical object. So that hearing the phrase “iron
face” sounds an
expression of over-statement.
smooth by something that make surprise and shock. So that hearing the word
“thundering”
sounds an expression of over-statement. for describing the division of physical object. So that hearing
into parts for describing the division of physical object. So that hearing describing the division of physical object.
heavy rain. So that hearing the sentence “thunderstorm
in my mind”
sounds an expression of over-statement. 26. “A student
from guest receptionist came flying over on a yellow bicycle”.
The
phraseflying overcan be defined as Moving or able to move
through the air with wings.
He ride a bicycle fastly.
The phrase “flying over” is
a daily phrase used for describing something that can fly to the air by their wings. So that hearing the phrase “flying over”
sounds an expression of over-statement.
27. “Kiai Rais something that fall in the water. So that hearing the phrase “drowned out”
arouse the feelings of; excite
over-statement.
29. “The
silence was
broken by the sound of sobs here and there”.
The word
“broken” or “break”can
be defined as “to
smash, split, or divide into parts violently; reduce to pieces or fragments.
Suddenly the room become crowded because some peoples are crying.
The word “broken” is a
daily word used for describing the division of physical object. So that hearing the word “broken” sounds
an expression of over-statement.
P.375/ Prg.2/ L.1
c. Simile
have been calm, but my stomach was still rolling like
that follows a flash of lightning).
of green hills unlike things.
boiled crab and sweat was splattered on his wide
follows a
bowing
(light)” The mean
33. “Clouds
shaped like living things”
Living things is a creature that can breath.
High imagination .
Clouds shaped on this case is compared to the living things, and use the key word “as” to
compare between two unlike things.
P.195/ Prg.2/ L.9
34. “Our room looked like a ship ravaged by a storm”
The storm is a period of very strong winds, rain, etc.
The room is dirty and untidy.
Our room on this case is compared to the ship, and use the key word “as” to
compare between two unlike things.
35. “The girl (Sarah) was like a princess”
37. “Rosadi, the MP soccer team‟s striker
d. Metaphors
According to Wren and Martin metaphor is an implied simile. It does not, like the simile, state one thing is like another or acts as another, but takes that for granted and proceeds as if the two things were one. (1981: 489). The writer found some metapors that is used in The Land of Five Towers novel,
Meaning Reason
e. Symbol
Symbol is something that means more than it is. The writer found some symbolis that is used in The Land of Five Towers novel, they are :
No. Sentence
Literal Meaning
Figurative
Meaning Reason
f. Synecdoche
Synecdoche is a part is used to designate the whole. (Siswantoro, 2002: 39). The writer found some synecdhoces that used in The Land of Five Towers novel, they are:
No Sentence Literal designate the whole.
suddenly felt silent” designate the whole.
P.67/ Prg.5/
school, having produced our first President, Sukarno, and
designate the whole.
L.1
6. “Besides, we had the additional help of the envelope we received designate the whole. designate the
