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AN ANALYSIS OF HEDGES IN WRITTEN TEXTS OF
THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF
PARAGRAPH WRITING CLASS OF
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2013
By:
ASTRI DEWI MUSTIKORINI NIM 200932114
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
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AN ANALYSIS OF HEDGES IN WRITTEN TEXTS OF THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF
PARAGRAPH WRITING CLASS OF MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2013
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program In the Department of English Education
By
ASTRI DEWI MUSTIKORINI NIM 200932114
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
Everything is begun by the name of Allah, most gracious, most merciful Make a great job with bismillahirrohmanirrohim
Man jadda wa jadda
Faith, effort, prayer, and love are my motivation
Actually there is an easy after difficulty (QS Al – Insiroh:6)
DEDICATION
This skripsi is dedicated to:
Allah SWT the migthty
Her beloved mom Mrs. Murwati (Alm) and daddy Mr. Heriyono who always give their love, attention, pray, and everything for her
Her dearest “Panda” who always faithful
loves and support her
Her beloved friends “Eleveners plus”
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to Allah SWT the God of universe for blessing and guidance so that the writer finish her skripsi entitled “An Analysis of Hedges in Written Texts of The Second Semester Students of paragraph writing class of Muria Kudus University in Academic Year 2013”.
The writer realizes that she would not be able to finish her skripsi without the guidances, advices, suggestions and encouragements from many persons. Through this occasion, the writer would like to express the sincere gratitude and appreciation for many people in completing her skripsi. They are:
1. Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd, as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty University of Muria Kudus.
2. Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd, as the Head of English Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty University of Muria Kudus.
3. Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd as the first advisor who has given guidance and suggestion wisely in the completion of this skripsi.
4. Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd, as the second advisor who has given guidance and suggestion wisely in the completion of this skripsi.
5. Her beloved parents, and all of her families who always motivate and pray for the writer for finishing this skripsi.
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7. Her beloved friends “E+” (Eleveners Plus) who assist and back up the writer to
compose this skripsi.
Finally, the writer believes that there is nothing perfect in the world and this skripsi is still far from being perfect. Therefore, suggestions and criticisms are always needed for the betterment. Hopefully, this skripsi will be useful and give benefit for herself and everyone especially in the field of English teaching learning.
Kudus, September 2013 The writer
ix ABSTRACT
Mustikorini, Astri Dewi. 2013. An Analysis of Hedges in Written Texts of The Second Semester Students of Paragraph Wring Class of Muria Kudus University in Academic Year 2013. Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor: (1) Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd (2) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd
Key Words : Analysis, Hedges, Written Texts
Writing is way of expression of communication. Writing is considered as the most difficult skill to learn.The purposes of writing are to express one’s self, to provide information for one’s reader, to persuade the reader, and to create a literary work. In written texts usually hedges is used. It is because of hedges is the expression of tentativness possibility in language use to reduce the strength of statement.
In this research, there are two objectives of the research. They are: (i) to identify the types of hedges used in written texts of the second semester students of Muria Kudus University in the academic year 2013. (ii) To know the function of types of hedges in written texts of the second semester students of Muria Kudus University in the academic year 2013.
The design of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The data of this research is the types of hedges. Meanwhile, the data source is written texts of the second semester students of Paragraph Writing Class of Muria Kudus University in academic year 2013.
Based on the analysis of students’ texts, the writer found (i) The frequency
of the types of hedges found in written texts of the second semester students of Muria Kudus University in academic year 2013 are modal auxiliary verbs, modal lexical verbs, approximate degree of quantity and time , adjectival, adverbial and nominal modal phrase, introductory phrases, “if” clause, compound hedges. With the frequency 127,13 , 69, 34, 22, 22, 16 (ii) The frequency of the function of hedges found in written texts of the second semester students of Muria Kudus University in academic year 2013 are accuracy oriented (attribute), accuracy oriented (reliability), writer oriented, and reader oriented. With the frequency 62, 220, 5, 34.
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ABSTRAKSI
Mustikorini, Astri Dewi. 2013. Analisa Hedges di Dalam Teks Tertulis di Mahasiswa-Mahasiswi Semester Dua di Kelas Menulis Paragraf di Universitas Muria Kudus di Tahun Akademik 2013. Skripsi. Departemen Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (1) Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd (2) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd
Kata Kunci : Analisa, Hedges, Teks Tertulis
Menulis adalah cara berekspresi dalam komunikasi. Menulis dianggap sebagai keterampilan yang paling sulit untuk belajar. Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk mengekspresikan diri sendiri, untuk memberikan informasi bagi pembaca, untuk membujuk pembaca, dan menciptakan karya sastra. Dalam teks tertulis biasanya hedges digunakan. Hal ini karena hedges adalah ekspresi kemungkinan sementara dalam penggunaan bahasa untuk mengurangi kekuatan pernyataan.
Dalam penelitian ini, ada dua tujuan penelitian. Mereka adalah: (i) untuk mengidentifikasi hedges yang digunakan dalam teks-tek stertulis dari mahasiswa semester II Universitas Muria Kudus pada tahun akademik 2013. (ii) Untuk mengetahui fungsidari hedges nilai dalam teks-teks tertulis dari mahasiswa semester II Universitas Muria Kudus pada tahun akademik 2013.
Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskripsi kualitatif. Data di penelitian ini adalah tipe hedges. Sedangkan sumber datanya adalah teks tertulis dari mahasiswa semester II Universitas Muria Kudus pada tahun akademik2013.
Berdasarkan analisis teks siswa, penulis menemukan(i) Frekuensi jenis hedges yang ditemukan dalam teks-teks tertulis dari mahasiswa semester II Universitas Muria Kudus pada tahun akademik 2013 adalahkata kerja bantu modal, modal leksikalverb, derajat perkiraan kuantitas dan waktu, kata sifat, dan adverbianominal frase modal, frase pengantar, klausa "jika", lindung nilai senyawa. Dengan frekuensi 127, 13, 69, 34, 22, 20, 16. (ii) Frekuensi fungsi hedges yang ditemukan dalam teks-teks tertulis dari mahasiswa semester II di kelas menulis paragraf Universitas Muria Kudus pada tahun akademik 2013 adalah akurasi berorientasi (atribut), akurasi berorientasi (reliabilitas) , orientasi penulis, dan orientasi pembaca. Dengan frekuensi 66, 220, 7, 32.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT ... ix
1.6 Operational Definition ... 6
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2.4 Argumentative Texts ... 14
2.5 Review of Previous Research ... 15
2.6 Theoretical Framework ... 16
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1 Design of the Research... 18
3.2 Data and Data Source ... 19
3.3 Data Collection... 19
3.4 Data Analysis ... 20
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH 4.1 Research Findings ... 22
4.1.1The Types of Hedges Found in Written Texts of The Second Semester Students of Muria Kudus University in Academic Year 2013 ... 22
4.1.1.1 The Numbering Types of Hedges in Written Texts of The Second Semester of Paragraph Writing Class of Muria Kudus University in Academic Year 2013 ... 43
xiii University in Academic Year 2013 ... 63
5.1.1 Modal Auxiliary Verb ... 64
5.1.2 Modal Lexical Verb ... 66
5.1.3 Approximate Degree of Quantity and Time ... 67
5.1.4 Adjectival, Adverbial and Modal Phrase ... 68
5.1.5 Introductory Phrase ... 69
5.2.1 Accuracy Oriented sub unit (Attribute) ... 72
5.2.2 Accuracy Oriented (Reliability) ... 73
5.2.3 Writer Oriented ... 74
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CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion ... 76
6.2 Suggestion ... 77
REFERENCES ... 78
APPENDICES ... 79
STATEMENT ... 99
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4.2.1 Function Found in TheTexts 1. ... 45
4.2.2 Function Found in The Texts 2 ... 46
4.2.3 Function Found in The Texts 3 ... 46
4.2.4 Function Found in The Texts 4 ... 47
4.2.5 Function Found in The Texts 5 ... 48
4.2.6 Function Found in TheTexts 6 ... 46
4.2.7 Function Found in The Texts 7 ... 46
4.2.8 Function Found in The Texts 8 ... 50
4.2.9 Function Found in The Texts 9 ... 51
4.2.10 Function Found in The Texts 10 ... 51
4.2.11 Function Found in The Texts 11 ... 53
4.2.12 Function Found in The Texts 12 ... 53
4.2.13 Function Found in The Texts 13 ... 55
4.2.14 Function Found in The Texts 14 ... 56
4.2.15 Function Found in The Texts 15 ... 56
4.2.16 Function Found in The Texts 16 ... 57
4.2.17 Function Found in The Texts 17 ... 58
4.2.18 Function Found in The Texts 18 ... 56
4.2.19 Function Found in The Texts 19 ... 59
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
1. The Students’ Argumentative Texts of Paragraph Writing A Class of
