COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN THE DIALOGUES IN
“DEVELOPING ENGLISH COMPETENCIES FOR SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL GRADE X”
BY
USWATUN HIDAYAH
NIM 200932058
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN THE DIALOGUES IN
“DEVELOPING ENGLISH COMPETENCIES FOR SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL GRADE X”
SKRIPSI
Presented to the University of Muria Kudus
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in the Department of English Education
By:
Uswatun Hidayah NIM 200932058
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
“Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live
forever”. (Mahatma Gandhi)
DEDICATION:
I dedicate this research to:
My beloved parents
My beloved brothers
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, the writer says thank to Allah SWT for the entire blessing and mercy so that she can finish her study in the English Education Department of Muria Kudus University and accomplish this research entitled “Cooperative Principle in the Dialogues in “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X”. The writer realizes that she would not be able to
complete this research without the kind support and help from many people around her. Therefore, the writer would like to extend her sincere thanks to all of them. They are:
1. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
2. Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd, the Head of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University.
3. Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd, the first advisor who has given his worthy guidance, correction and suggestion for making this research better.
4. Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd, the second advisor who always gives idea and suggestions to the writer for the improvement of this research.
5. The lecturers of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University who have taught the writer from the first semester until the end of the study.
7. The writer’s beloved brothers (Budi Rifana, Sholikhul Muchid, Mustaqim, and M. Abd. Kholiq) who give cheerful life for her.
8. All dearest best friends (Asih, Tri Setyaningsih, Astika, Risma, Ririn, Uma, Ani, Toni, Anton, Huda, Shofa) for their support and help in finishing this research.
9. All the writer’s friends of the year 2009, who have been the best friends during the study.
No body’s perfect in this world so the writer realizes that there are many
mistakes in writing this research. Therefore, suggestion from the readers will be appreciated. Furthermore, the writer expects that this research will be useful especially for those in the field of English teaching and learning.
Kudus, September 2013
ABSTRACT
Hidayah, Uswatun. 2013. Cooperative Principle in the Dialogues in “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X”. Skripsi. English Education Department Teacher Training And Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor: (1) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd, (2) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd
Key words: Cooperative Principle, Maxim, Speaker Meaning.
Theoretically, in communication, people should apply the cooperative principle that consists of four maxims of conversation. They are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner. According to Grice in Yule (1996:37), since the utterance given naturally, people tend to not follow the rules of four maxims or flout the maxims. People mostly have intention meaning behind of flouting the maxims. The “Developing English
Competencies for Grade X” is a textbook that presents many dialogues set in
natural language and in the authentic situations and sometimes it did not follow the maxims of cooperative principle.
This research aims to know the kinds of maxim, the kinds of flouting maxim, and the speaker’s meaning of the flouting maxims in the dialogues found in the “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X”.
This research belongstodescriptive qualitative research. The data of this study is the cooperative principle in dialogues found in “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X.” The data source of this study is the dialogues found in “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X.”
The writer found that the speakers of the dialogues followed the maxim of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. The speaker also flouted the maxim of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. The writer also found that the speaker meaning of the flouting maxim are vary. It was not a mistake because it was a natural conversation. Sometimes, the speaker needed to share something through flouting maxim when speaking.
ABSTRAK
Hidayah, Uswatun. 2013. Prinsip Kerja Sama dalam Dialog di “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X”. Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing (1) Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, SS, M.Pd, (2) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd
Kata Kunci: Prinsip Kerjasama, Maksim, Makna Penutur
Secara teoritis, dalam komunikasi, orang seharusnya menerapkan prinsip kerja sama yang terdiri dari empat macam maksim percakapan. Yaitu maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevan, dan maksim cara. Menurut Grice dalam Yule (1996:37), karena percakapan dilakukan secara alamiah, orang biasanya tidak mematuhi ke empat maksim atau menyimpang maksim.
“Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X” adalah buku
teks yang menyediakan banyak dialog yang diatur dalam bahasa yang alami dan situasi yang asli dan terkadang, dialog ini tidak mematuhi maksim dalam prinsip kerja sama.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis maksim, jenis-jenis maksim yang dilanggar, dan makna penutur dalam penyimpangan maksim dalam dialog yang ditemukan di “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X.”
Penelitian ini tergolong ke dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatiif. data dalam penelitian ini adalah prinsip kerjasama dalam dialog di “Developing
English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X.”Sedangkan, sumber data
penelitian ini adalah dialog dalam “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X.”
Penulis menemukan bahwa penutur dalam dialog mematuhi maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevan, dan maksim cara. Tetapi, penutur juga melanggar maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevan, dan maksim cara. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa makna penutur dalam melanggar maksim itu bervariasi. Hal ini bukanlah sebuah kesalahan karena percakapan dilakukan secara alami. Tekadang, penutur perlu untuk menjelaskan sesuatu dengan cara menyimpang dari maksim saat berbicara.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ... i
LOGO ... ii
TITLE ... iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iv
ADVISORS’S APPROVAL ... v
EXAMINER’S APPROVAL ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT ... xi
ABSTRAK ... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... xi
LIST OF TABLES ... xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES ... xvi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1Background of the Research ... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ... 4
1.3 Objective of the Research ... 4
1.4 Significance of the Research ... 4
1.5 Scope of the Research ... 5
1.6 Operational Definition ... 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE ... 8
2.1 Pragmatics ... 7
2.1.1 Language in Context ... 9
2.1.2 Cooperative Principle ... 10
2.1.2.1 Maxim of Quantity ... 11
2.1.2.3 Maxim of Relevance ... 13
2.1.2.4 Maxim of Manner ... 13
2.1.3 The Flouting of Cooperative Principle ... 14
2.1.3.1. Meaning in Flouting Cooperative Principle Maxim ... 15
2.1.3.2 The Flouting Maxim of Quantity ... 16
2.1.3.3 The Flouting Maxim of Quality ... 17
2.1.3.4The Flouting Maxim of Relevance ... 18
2.1.3.5 The Flouting Maxim of Manner ... 19
2.2 Dialogue ... 19
2.3 “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X” . 21 2.4 Review of Previous Research... 22
2.5 Theoritical Framework ... 23
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH ... 24
3.1 Design of the Research... 24
3.2 Data and Data Source ... 24
3.3 Data Collecting... 25
3.4 Data Analysis ... 25
CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH ... 28
4.1 Research Finding ... 28
4.1.3 The Speaker Meaning of Flouting Maxims in the Dialogues in
“Developing English Competencies for Senior High School
Grade X” ... 40
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION ... 46
5.1 Kinds of maxims Used in the Dialogues in “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X” ... 46
5.1.1 Maxim of Quantity ... 46
5.1.2 Maxim of Quality ... 50
5.1.3 Maxim of Relevance ... 54
5.1.4 Maxim of Manner ... 57
5.2 The Kind of Flouting Maxims in the Dialogues in “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X” ... 60
5.2.1 Flouting Maxim of Quantity ... 60
5.2.2 Flouting Maxim of Quality ... 64
5.2.3 Flouting Maxim of Relevance ... 65
5.2.4 Flouting Maxim of Manner ... 66
5.3 The Speaker Meaning of Flouting Maxims in the Dialogues in “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X” ... 67
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 69
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Table3.1 The Kind of Maxims Used and the Kind of Flouting Maxims in the Dialogues in “Developing English Competencies for Senior
High School Grade X” ... 27
Table3.2 The Speaker Meaning of Flouting Maxim in the Dialogues in “Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade X” ... 27
Table4.1.1.10 Dialogue 10 ... 36
Table4.1.1.11 Dialogue 11 ... 36
Table4.1.1.12 Dialogue 12 ... 37
Table4.1.1.13 Dialogue 13 ... 37
Table4.1.1.14 Dialogue 14 ... 38
Table4.1.1.15 Dialogue 15 ... 38
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
