Preview
8-1 Connecting ideas with and
8-2 Connecting ideas with but and or
8-3 Connecting ideas with so
8-4 Using auxiliary verbs after but and and
8-5 Using and + too, so, either, neither
8-6 Connecting ideas with because
8-7 Connecting ideas with even though/although
PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
CORRECT OR INCORRECT
?
PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
CORRECT OR INCORRECT
?
Flounder are fish all fish live in water.
PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
CORRECT OR INCORRECT
?
Carrots onions and celery are vegetables.
Carrots onions and celery are vegetables. CORRECT
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE
(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana.
and connects two words NO COMMA
and connects three or more COMMAS
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE
(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana.
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
and connects two sentences COMMA
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear.
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce and tomato on my cheeseburger.
COMMA NO COMMA
8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I speak Hindi and you speak Swedish.
COMMA NO COMMA
COMMAS
?
8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce tomato and cheese
on my hamburger.
COMMA NO COMMA
8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce tomato and cheese
on my hamburger.
COMMA NO COMMA
COMMAS
?
8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(d) I had the flu but I didn’t feel sick.
(e) Did you have the flu or was it just a cold? I had the flu. = a sentence
I didn’t feel sick. = a sentence
,
,
two complete sentences with
but or or
8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
I love to eat ice cream ____
it gives me a stomachache.
8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
,
so8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
So results: cause: She was tired.
result: She took a nap.
8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
(b) COMPARE: She was tired, but she
didn’t take a nap.
8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
so but
8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
She was lonely, ___ she
hugged her stuffed monkey. so
8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
His mother told him not to play in the mud, ___ he didn’t listen.but
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
(a) I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
(b) I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
(c) I won’t be leaving, but Nazan will.
(d) Yi-When has been to Rome, but Jen hasn’t.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
(f) I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
(g) I like racketball, and Jim does too.
(h) I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
(i) Yi-When has been to Rome, and Jen has too.
(j) She isn’t at school, and he isn’t either.
I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either. I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either. I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
negative + but + affirmative
affirmative + but + negative I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT OR INCORRECT
?
I love to ski, but my sister does too.
CORRECT
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT OR INCORRECT
?
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT OR INCORRECT
?
Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram does.
CORRECT
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(a) Hyun likes dogs, and Sun Hee does too.
subj + aux + TOO
(b) Hyun likes dogs, and so does Sun Hee.
SO + aux + subj
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(c) Bob doesn’t like dogs, and Jay doesn’t either. subj + aux + EITHER
(d) Bill doesn’t like dogs, and neither does Jay.
NEITHER + aux + subj
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I don’t either. (g) I don’t
like bread.
Neither do I. (h) I don’t like bread.
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
Me too. (i) I like fruit.
Me neither. (j) I don’t like bread.
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Emma Ja
y
Amy
too
Amy is wearing high heels, and _______ ________________.
Emma is too
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
June
Emma Ja
y
Amy
Amy wears high
heels, and _______ ________________.
so does Emma
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
June
Emma Ja
y
Amy
Jay doesn’t have long hair, and
________________.neither does Amy
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(a) She is smiling because she is happy.
complete sentence
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(b) MAIN CLAUSE: She is smiling.
(c) ADVERB CLAUSE: because she is happy.
because + subject + verb = an adverb clause
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
main clause + no comma + adverb clause
(e) Because she is happy
,
she is smiling.(comma)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
(e) Because she is happy
,
she is smiling.(comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(f) INCORRECT IN WRITING:
She is smiling. Because she is happy.
must be
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(g) CORRECT IN SPEAKING:
Why is he laughing?
8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT OR INCORRECT
?
Her eyes are watering. Because she is sick.
CORRECT
Her eyes are watering ________________.
OR
8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT OR INCORRECT
?
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH
(a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry. I did not cry even though I was very sad.
(a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH
(c) Because I was very sad, I cried.
(d) Even though I was very sad, I did not cry.
because expected result
even though
although unexpected result
COMPARE:
8-7 LET’S PRACTICE
even though because
___________ I wanted to become a doctor, I went to medical school.
8-7 LET’S PRACTICE
___________ it was difficult
to become a doctor, I did it anyway. Even though
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