AN ANALYSIS SHERLOCK HOLMES PROFILE BASED ON
C
HRACTER’S
CHARACTERISTIC AND BEHAVIOR IN THE
ADVENTURE OF SHERLOCK HOLMES
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of
English Department Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN SunanAmpel Surabaya.
By:
Ahmad Taufik
Reg. Number: A73211103
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTER AND HUMANITIES
TABLE OF CONTENT
Inside cover page ... i
Inside title page ... ii
Declaration page ... iii
Dedication page ... iv
Motto ... v
Advisor’s approval page ... vi
Examiner approval page... vii
Acknowledgements ... viii
Table of contents ... x
Abstract ... xii
Intisari ... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study ... 1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ... 3
1.3. Objective of the Study ... 3
1.4. Significance of the Study... 3
1.5. Scope And Limitation ... 4
1.6. Research Method ... 4
1.7. Definition of Key Term ... 5
CHAPTER II LITERARY REVIEW 2.1. New Criticism ... 6
2.2. Character ... 7
2.3. Kinds of Character ... 9
2.5. Theories of Personality ... 13
2.6. New Historicism……….. 15
2.7. Related Study ... 17
CHAPTER III ANALYSIS 3.1. Characterization ... 19
3.1.1. Genius ... 19
3.1.2. Self Confidence ... 22
3.1.3. Detachment ... 23
3.1.4. Weak in love ... 25
3.1.5. Drug Addict ... 27
3.1.6 Smoke Addict ... 28
3.1.7. Physical Appearance ... 30
3.1.7.1. Tall ... 31
3.1.7.2. Thin ... 31
3.1.7.3 Fashionable ... 32
3.2. Causes Sherlock Holmes has no Bad Effect to Public ... 35
3.2.1. Interested in Cases ... 35
3.2.2. Love with his Profession ... 37
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION Conclusion ... 40
WORK CITED ... 42
AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY ... 44
ABSTRACT
Taufik, Ahmad 2016. An Analysis Sherlock Holmes Profile Based on Character’s
Characteristic And Behavior in the Adventure of Sherlock Holmes
Advisor : Wahju Kusumajanti, M.Hum
Keyword: Profile, Behaviour, Addict, Character
This thesis focuses on the characteristic of Sherlock Holmes in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Characterization and psychological condition of Sherlock Holmes in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes become problems in this thesis. The theories that use have some limitation theory; new criticism, structure of personal, and new Historicism. The theories used to analyze the character of Sherlock Holmes. Purposes of this thesis are to describe the characterization and personality of Sherlock Holmes based on his characteristic and behaviour.
This thesis use descriptive analytic method to describe and analyze the problem. Firstly, researcher reads story, then researcher classifies important quote, after that Researcher analyzing the data and making conclusion.
INTISARI
Taufik, Ahmad 2016. An Analysis Sherlock Holmes Profile Based on Character’s
Characteristic And Behavior in the Adventure of Sherlock Holmes
Pembimbing : Wahju Kusumajanti, M.Hum
Kata kunci: Keyword: Profile, Behaviour, Addict, And Character
Skripsi ini terfokus kepada karakteristik dari herlock Holmes di The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes dengan sir Arthur Conan Doyle Sebagai pengarang.
Karakterisasi dan kondisi psikologi dari Sherlock Holmes yg terdapat pada The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes menjadi permasalahan yang ada di dalam skripsi ini. Teori yg di gunakan memiliki batasan teory hanya kepada new criticism, structure of personal, dan theory tentang sejarah. Teori-teori tersebut di gunakan untuk untuk menganalisis karakter Sherlock Holmes. Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah untuk menjelaskan karakterisasi dan kepribadian dari Sherlock Holmes berdasarkan karakteristik dan kebiasaanya.
Skripsi ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif untuk menganalisa permasalahan, pertama penulis membaca cerita tersebut, kemudian penulis memilah quote penting, setelah itu penulis menganalisnya dan membuat kesimpulan
Hasil dari analisis, penulis menemukan beberapa karakterisasi dari Sherlock Holmes, dia genius, percaya diri, dingin, lemah dengan percintaan, pengkonsumsi narkoba, pengkonsumsi rokok. Dalam kontex fisik, dia tinggi kurus, dan keren. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa Sherlock holmes ketertarikanya terhadap kasus-kasus dan kecintaanya terhadap pekerjaan merupakan faktor-faktor dari
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Literature can describe as mirror and candle, it can prove by analyze
litterature work and the author. The author writes literature work based on his
bacground, experience, and everything about him, so it can called as mirror. And
litterature as candle has meant, can be enlightment and inspiration for the reader.
(Parvin Ghasemi 2007:2)
Sherlock Holmes is a fiction story, first story published in 1879. Sir Arthur
Conan Doyle is the author of this story, he is a Doctor that not greatly success.
Actually The adventure of Sherlock Holmes is collection from separte volume of
Sherlock Holmes Stories. Sherlock Holmes is not first fiction story, but many
people like this story in modern era especially in england when Victorian era,
becasue people in big city of england scare with crime that infest. Holmes exist
reputed as a hero by them although Holmes was fiction. Not only in Victorian era,
now many people like Sherlock Holmes. Many producer make a film inspired
from Sherlock Holmes, more over Japanese anime was inspired from it. Detective
Conan is an anime that inspired from Sherlock Holmes. Writer interested with
Sherlock Holmes’s genius characteristic, he can sees something that other person
cannot see. He also always doing something worsts that people hard to understand
what he do, but finally Holmes make people amazed with his analysis when he
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Most of Sherlock Holmes stories are narrated by Dr John H. Watson.
Watson is Holmes friend and parter in sloving cases. Sherlock Holmes is a symbol
of the power intellect, his great deducation so that he was called as kindom of
mind. I think good detective and good researcher have similarities, so look closely
those stories and get useful experience from investigative methods uses by
detective. Dicipline for investigation, seek to establish, a trail of evidence and aim
to arrive at a solution, that all detective and researcher needed.
Holmes is a great detective but he is a person who is selfish,
self-destructive and also perfectionist. Too many researcher claims that he is man who
is proud of himself. That is why there are times when he hates being compared to
other people and often becomes selfish. His addiction to drugs too, is the result of
not havingbeen able to fulfill his desire for solving crimes. Holmes has some
weakness, it is natural because nothing perfect human in this world. First
weakness, he apparently holds no medical qualifications, references in A Study in
Scarlet show that he has a healthy interest in such matters. Indeed, he is first
encountered by Watson in a London hospital laboratory, devising a test for
haemoglobin (Reed 2). Second, Many of the professional, and lay articles
describing the recent epidemic abuse of cocaine give casual reference to the first
popular figure to abuse the drug, London’s consulting detective, Sherlock
Holmes. In A Scandal in Bohemia Doyle errs in referring to cocaine in describing
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1.2 Statement of Problem
1. What is Characterization of Sherlock Holmes in Adventure of Sherlock
Holmes?
2. What causes Sherlock Holmes behavior has no bad impact to society?
1.3 Objective
Based on the statement of the problem, the objectives of the study are
formulated as follow:
1. To describe Sherlock Holmes characterization in The Adventure of
Sherlock Holmes.
2. To find out the factors Sherlock Holmes behavior has no bad impact to
society.
1.4 Significance
Writer’s hope this research will give inspiration and enrich knowledge to
the readers, especially detective serial stories lover, about Sherlock Holmes
Profile based on The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
By reading this thesis, the reader can expect that the findings of this thesis can
enrich knowledge about character and the study of literature for readers.
Furthermore, this study is expected to be as reference for further study about the
character. And the most important is that this study is meant to provide a model
for those who are doing literary study. Finally the students can develop their
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1.5 Scope and Limitation
The writer focuses on discussing the Sherlock Holmes characterization
only and the effect of his behavior. There are many problems in The Adventure of
Sherlock Holmes that can be analyzed, but the writer will specify the discussion
by choosing the problem of Sherlock Holmes Character in The Adventure of
Sherlock Holmes
1.6. Research Method
In descriptive qualitative how the data are organized depends upon the
researcher and how the data were rendered (Lambert 2). Researcher use
qualitative approach, this method has choosen because the data form are word and
sentence from stories. Event, coversation, quote are the important subject by
researher to analyze.
First, researcher reads story of The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes to
understand about the story and author message.
Second, researcher classifies important quote, sentence, and word as
analysis material.
Third, after researcher fined all of information about Sherlock Holmes,
researcher chooses some important data and analyze it use new criticism and
psychoanalysis. Researcher also uses other resources like author biography and
journals.
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1.7 Key Term
1. Profile: a representation of something in outline; especially: a human head
or face represented or seen in a side view.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/profile
2. Behavior: The actions displayed by an organism in response to its
environment.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/behavior
3. Addict: a person who is unable to stop taking harmful drugs: heroin/ drug/
nicotine addict. (oxford:15)
4. Character:Someone who appears in a work is called a character. Character
is someone who acts, appears, or is referred to as playing a part in a
literary work. A person or another thing that carries out of the event in the
fiction till that event can make the story livelier.
Jerome Beaty, Alison Booth, and J.Paul Haunter, The Northern
Introduction to Literature shorter eight edition (London: W.W Northon
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Chapter II
LITERARY REVIEW
This chapter writer will discuss about literary theory that is used to analyze the novel. The writer use new criticism to analyze character and characterized, especially to analyze main character. Furthermore writer also uses Psychological criticism to support his analysis and to know about psychology of main character.
1.1 New Criticism
Formalism, sometimes called New Criticism (even though it has been around a long time), involves the careful analysis of a literary text’s craft.
Ignoring any historical context, any biographical information about an author, any philosophical or psychological issues, or even any of a text’s political or moral messages. The formalist strategy for answering that question is a careful scanning of the text, a detailed analysis often called close reading. In close reading, one examines a piece of literature closely, seeking to understand its structure, looking for patterns that shape the work and connect its parts to the whole, and searching for uses of language that contribute to the effect. (Gillespie 2010:172).
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attentive reading. This kind of rigorous analysis can sharpen readers’ critical reading and thinking skills. (Gillespie 2010:173).
This approaches focuses primarily on the text itself and tends to avoid outside influences such as historical and biographical information. Texts stand alone. Authors have ideas, they write to communicate those ideas, and good readers can uncover the meaning and the author’s intention.
1.2 Character
Character in literature is an extended verbal representation of a human being, specifically the inner self that determines thought, speech, and behaviour. Through dialogue, action, and commentary, literature captures some of the interactions of character and circumstance. Literature makes these interactions interesting by portraying characters who are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are also characters at whom you may laugh or whom you may dislike or even hate.
Characters are the life of literature: they are the objects of our curiosity and fascination, affection and dislike, admiration and condemnation.
Indeed, so intense is our relationship with literary characters that they often
cease to be simply ‘objects’. Through the power of identification, through
sympathy and antipathy, they can become part of how we conceive ourselves,
a part of who we are. Our memory of a particular novel or play often depends
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plot. Characters in books have even become part of our everyday language.
(Andrew 2004:60)
In other definition according M. H. Abraham (1999:32) the character is the name of a literary genre; it is a short, and usually witty, sketch in prose of a distinctive type of person. Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with
particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it the dialogue and from what they do the action.
Simply, character is one of the important elements of fiction. Characters are elements which can be found in a movie plot and characters are inseparable, because plot is not simply a series of event happened that come out of character to delineate characters. In order word, when we know ’what happened to him or her’ and ‘how did it work out for them’, so we should find out the action of the
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1.3. Kinds of Character.
Flat character is less the representation of human personality than
embodiment of single attitude or single attitude or obsession in a character. Foster calls this kind of character flat because we see only one side of him. The simple character can perform many important function in the work of fiction. Simple character in minor role in serious fiction, but will a major part in interior fiction.
Round (complex) characters, in contrast to the flat characters, are dynamic and they grow and develop with the play. Everything about them is revealed in the play. They are usually the main characters of the play. Analyzing a character is more difficult that a analyzing a plot, because character is more complex, variable, and ambiguous. In studying a character, beginning by determining the character standing traits. The complex or around character is higher bind of achievement than the simple complexity of character tend to produce life likeness in the world of fiction. The complex character is in many ways difficult than the simple. There are two kinds of characters.
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A flat character (also called a type, or "two-dimensional"), Forster says, is builtaround "a single idea or quality" and is presented without muchm
individualizing detail, and therefore can be fairly adequately described in a single phrase or sentence (Glossary 1999:33).
So it can say a flat character is a character with a very simple personality, often called “one or two dimensional” characters. They are not necessarily unimportant thought. The writer does not provide enough information for us to understanding them.
And the other one, a round character is complex in temperament and motivation and is represented with subtle particularity; such a character therefore is asdifficult to describe with any adequacy as a person in real life, and like realpersons, is capable of surprising us (Glossary 1999:33).
In other word, a round character is a character that is very detailed and the reader can able to see and visualize all side of this character. Round character usually protagonist and antagonist but exceptions do occur. In conclusion if you can list a lot of things about who they are (character in the novel), their
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1.4. Characterization
Characterization is a means by which writers present and reveal characters – by directdescription, by showing the character in action, or by the presentation of other characters who help to define each other.
According to (Robert 2013:55) how to author to disclose character in literature
1. Action by character reveals their nature. What character do is our best clue to understanding what they are.
2. The author’s descriptions, both personal and environmental, tell us about character. Appearance and environmental reveal much about character’s social and economic status and they also tell us about character trait.
3. What character say-dramatic statement and thought-reveal what they are like. Although the speeches most character are functional-essential to keep the action moving along-they provide material from which you may draw conclusions.
4. We learn characters from what other say about them. By studying what character say about each other, you can often enhance your
understanding of character being discussed.
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As Robert says, we can analyze characterization of character. Remember that you must use your own knowledge and experience to make judgments about the qualities of the characters being revealed.
A broad distinction is frequently made between alternative methods for
characterizing (i.e., establishing the distinctive characters of) the persons in a narrative: showing and telling. In showing (also called "the dramatic method"), the author simply presents the characters talking and acting and leaves the reader to infer the motives and dispositions that lie behind what they say and do
(Abraham 1999:33)
There are some methods to characterize a character. According Holman (1978:91)
1. The explicit presentation by the author of the character through direct exposition, either in an introductory block or more often piece-meal throughout the work, illustrated by action.
2. The presentation of the character in action, with little or no explicit comment by the author, in the expectation that the reader will be able to deduce the attributes of the actor from the action.
3. The representation from within a character, without comment on the character by the author, of the impact of actions and emotion upon his inner self, with the expectation that the reader will come to a clear understanding of the attributes of the character
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1.5. Theories of Personality
An “educated guess” about important aspects of human behavior, which
maybe based on clinical observation or empirical research (or both). Important
and relatively stable characteristics within a person that accountfor consistent
patterns of behavior. Aspects of personality may beobservable or unobservable,
and conscious or unconscious. (Robert B 2003:5)
According statement above, Personality is a comprehensive construct, and
motivation is a fundamental aspect of behavior. Therefore, theories of personality
are in largepart theories of motivation, and must (directly or indirectly) make
crucial assumptions about the basic nature of human beings.
Freud originally defined the structure of personality in terms of the
unconscious, preconscious, and conscious (the topographic model). However, he
found that this straightforward approach left much to be desired. According to
Freud as quoted in Robert B (2003:18) to overcome such difficulties, Freud
developed a revised theory (the structural model) that describes personality in
terms of three constructs: the id, the ego, and the superego.
These concepts, and their relationship to the topographic model, are refers
to the “perceptual-conscious,” which is the outermost layer of consciousness.
Freud emphasizes that the id, ego, and superego are not separate compartments
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painting. For purposes of discussion, however, it is necessary to treat these
interrelated constructs one at a time.
Freud said that the mind could be divided into three abstract categories.
These are the id, the ego, and the superego. Although these are known as structures, do not take the term literally. Freud did not mean that these are
physical parts of our bodies or our brains. He coined these terms and proposed
this division of the mind as abstract ideas meant to help us understand how
personality develops and works, and how mental illnesses can develop.
1. The id: Latin for the term “it,” this division of the mind includes our basic
instincts, inborn dispositions, and animalistic urges. Freud said that the id
is totally unconscious, that we are unaware of its workings. The id is not
rational; it imagines, dreams, and invents things to get us what we want.
Freud said that the id operates according to the pleasure principle—it aims toward pleasurable things and away from painful things. The id aims
to satisfy our biological urges and drives. It includes feelings of hunger,
thirst, sex, and other natural body desires aimed at deriving pleasure.
2. The ego: Greek and Latin for “I,” this personality structure begins
developing in childhood and can be interpreted as the “self.” The ego is
partly conscious and partly unconscious. The ego operates according to
the reality principle; that is, it attempts to help the id get what it wants by judging the difference between real and imaginary. If a person is
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(The id is not rational.) The ego, however, will try to determine how to
get some real food. The ego helps a person satisfy needs through reality.
3. The superego: This term means “above the ego,” and includes the moral
ideas that a person learns within the family and society. The superego
gives people feelings of pride when they do something correct (the ego ideal) and feelings of guilt when they do something they consider to be morally wrong (the conscience). The superego, like the ego, is partly conscious and partly unconscious. The superego is a child’s moral
barometer, and it creates feelings of pride and guilt according to the
beliefs that have been learned within the family and the culture.
2.6. New Historicism
Owing to the intricate and ambivalent relationship between text and context, there has been a long-running debate about the disciplinary boundary between history and fiction. New Historicism has become a literary term closely associated with Greenblatt, who is generally regarded as the guru of New Historicism and, as a predictable result of his sudden prominence, the focus of much criticism. By breaching disciplinary boundaries between the text and history, and between fiction and reality, New Historicism, eventually and inevitably, has now come to terms with the decision to set up its priority in a place between textualism and contextualism.
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peoples, but it is set against the opposite response, the recognition of baffling and confounding otherness in the newly discovered lands and peoples” (Greenblatt 1993: xi). The land, people, culture of the Other, in fact, play an ambiguous role in Greenblatt’s New Historicism. It seems, on the one hand, less significant than the Self in his analysis; but it has, on the other hand, an absolutely essential role in the program of renewing the marvelous at the heart of the resonance.
new historicists attend primarily to the historical and cultural conditions of its production, its meanings, its effects, and also of its later critical interpretations and evaluations (Abraham 1999:183). Louis Montrose described the new historicism as "a reciprocal concern with the historicity of texts and the textuality of history." That is, history is conceived not to be a set of fixed, objective facts but, like the literature with which it interacts, a text which itself needs to be interpreted.
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2.7. Related Study
The Analysis of Plot in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Novel Sherlock Holmes:
The Hound ofthe Baskervilles. By Wahyuda Pratama
This paper entitled “The Analysis of Plot in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Novel Sherlock Holmes: The Hound of the Baskervilles” is about the plot element in a literary work consist of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and the resolution. The Hound of the Baskervilles is the third novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It is a fiction which tells about Holmes and his partner Dr. Watson as the detectives. The story is how Holmes and Watson solve the mystery of the hound that killed the Baskerville heirs. They protect Sir Henry Baskerville from hound attack and arrest the suspect behind the case. This paper uses step by step method. Reading until finish the main source data that is The Hound of the Baskervilles, then interpret and analyze the plot element in the novel so that can conclude the relevant text to make this paper. This paper describes how each plot elements in a literary is related, because without the absence of interconnections, it would not perhaps a work of literature will be crafted.
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CHAPTER III ANALYSIS
This chapter presents the findings and analysis of the data. Before
presenting the data, it is initiated by presenting the synopsis and literary analysis
of the movie. It is done to know the story of The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes in
terms of characteristic and content. Moreover, in this part, presenting the character
of the characters is also needed.
3.1. Characterization
In this sub chapter, writer will explain about the characterization of the
main character in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, Based on the categories of
the characters presented in the previous chapter before, the writer specifies the
discussion of the Sherlock Holmes as main characters on the novel chosen.
3.1.1. Genius
Based on quote below writer can conclude that Sherlock Holmes is genius
He was still, as ever, deeply attracted by the study of crime, and occupied his immense faculties and extraordinary powers of observation in following out those clues, and clearing up those mysteries which had been abandoned as hopeless by the official police. (Scandal in Bohemia)
That quote was say by Dr Watson as Sherlock Holmes Partner, admit that
Sherlock Holmes can solve problem that we can say hopeless, that mean he has
something different with the other include police. The way to see something and
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As proof let’s see this attraction of Sherlock Holmes’s analysis to his
partner Dr. Watson
“It is simplicity itself,” said he; “my eyes tell me that on the inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts. Obviously they have been caused by someone who has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of the London slavey. As to your practice, if a gentleman walks into my rooms smelling of iodoform, with a black mark of nitrate of silver upon his right forefinger, and a bulge on the right side of his tophat to show where he has secreted his stethoscope, I must be dull, indeed, if I do not pronounce him to be an active member of the medical
profession.”(Scandal in Bohemia)
Based that quote we can conclude that Sherlock Holmes is very genius, he can see
that most of people cannot see and can make deductive based his analysis. it is
surprising to the reader then, to see that Holmes is actually a rather believable
character: his talent for observation is a plausible kind of genius, and even if some
of his deductions hinge on unrealistically convenient points ,his ability to notice
details that others pass over is no different than that of a good writer or painter.
Since his character is defined primarily by his skill.
The quick wit and sharp observational skills of Sherlock Holmes used to
analyze and solve the greatest mysteries is legendary. And even though Sherlock
Holmes often expressed a need for the sleuthing to stick to the facts, his actions
would often demonstrate that he was very reliant on his intuition as well, and
clearly saw both logic and intuition as equal partners in solving the mysteries
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While it isn't possible to intuit everything in life, there are times when
listening to our intuition is both sensible and helpful in reaching conclusions about
such things as relationships, connections with others, and the suitability or
otherwise of certain life choices. As for being able to work out what makes other
people tick, there are some intuitive tricks you can rely upon to help you guess
reasonably accurately and your intuition can easily be developed with a little
practice and perseverance by following these easy steps.
Not all people has that amazing skill, more over the cleaver agent called
Irene Adler admit that Sherlock Holmes is genius man on her letter
My dear Mr. Sherlock Holmes:
“You really did it very well. You took me in completely. Until after the alarm of fire, I had not a suspicion. But then, when I found how I had betrayed myself, I began to think. I had been warned against you months ago. I had been told that if the King employed an agent it would certainly be you. And your address had been given me. Yet, with all this, you made me reveal what you wanted to know. Even after I became suspicious, I found it hard to think evil of such a dear, kind old clergyman. But, you know, I have been trained as an
actress myself. Male costume is nothing new to me. I often take advantage of the freedom which it gives. I sent John, the coachman, to watch you, ran up stairs, got into my walking-clothes, as I call them, and came down just as you departed. (Scandal in Bohemia)
Not only way to think, Holmes have thousand way to trick his enemy. To trick
cleaver enemy not easy as imagined. Need a good plan, skill to see condition, and
mental to do that trick. Holmes have that all and he can synchronize that element
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3.1.2. Self Confidence
A central theme of the story is Holmes's dealing with the consequences of
a decision he made after a tragedy occurred in one of his cases. Without
consulting anyone, Holmes made a judgment that radically changed the course of
his life and in turn, the lives of many other people.
“I have seen those symptoms before,” said Holmes, throwing his cigarette into the fire. “Oscillation upon the pavement always means an affaire de coeur. She would like advice, but is not sure that the matter is not too delicate for communication. And yet even here we may discriminate. When a woman has been seriously wronged by a man she no longer oscillates, and the usual symptom is a broken bell wire. Here we may take it that there is a love matter, but that the maiden is not so much angry as perplexed, or grieved. But here she comes in person to resolve our doubts.”(Case of Identity)
No doubt that Holmes have high self confidence, Holmes never meet with his
client but he brave to make conclusion about his client without asking anything
before. Holmes, a man known for his analytic abilities, came to his life-altering
conclusion influenced by a torrent of difficult emotions. It came from a narrow
perspective that did not take into account the larger picture of his life and the
positive impact he had on people. He felt justified to punish himself for a
perceived mistake and therefore withheld his gifts from the world.
Another factor in Holmes's decision could have been his egoism. Since he
was always the smartest person in the room, perhaps it never occurred to him to
ask for help. He could have believed that his abilities were so great that he could
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In other scene Holmes talk with his client, how confidence Holmes. With a little
praise from his client he proudly said “It is true that I have been generally
successful.”
“I have heard of you, Mr. Holmes. I heard from Major Prendergast how you saved him in the Tankerville Club scandal.”
“Ah, of course. He was wrongfully accused of cheating at cards.” “He said that you could solve anything.”
“He said too much.”
“That you are never beaten.”
“I have been beaten four times—three times by men, and once by a woman.”
“But what is that compared with the number of your successes?” “It is true that I have been generally successful.”
“Then you may be so with me.”
“I beg that you will draw your chair up to thefire and favour me with some details as to your case.”(The Five Orange Pips)
The highly gifted create structure, generate ideas, and efficiently process
information in ways that are qualitatively superior to moderately gifted and
average ability individuals. Typically, adult academic and occupational
achievements are also superior. Their advanced need to know tends to narrow
their self-concept such that consistent, accurate, and valid feedback is more
difficult to obtain. The net effect of this is a tendency toward low-self-esteem. We
can realize it from Sherlock Holmes; in history he just has some fail when break
the case. But with his confidence he can break cases more than his failure.
3.1.3. Detachment
Holmes social relationship is not well enough, but we cannot describe him
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Sherlock Holmes personality he is not sociopath, so stop called Holmes as
sociopath
He drank a great deal of brandy, and smoked very heavily, but he would see no society, and did not want any friends, not even his own brother. He didn't mind me; in fact he took a fancy to me, for at the time when he saw me first I was a youngster of twelve or so. (Five Orange Pips)
Why,” said I, glancing up at my companion,
“that was surely the bell. Who could come to-night? Some friend of yours, perhaps?”
“Except yourself I have none,” he answered. “I do not encourage visitors.”
“A client, then?”
“If so, it is a serious case. (Five Orange Pips)
Based on quote above, I am sure that people think that Sherlock Holmes is an anti
social. Holmes said that he did not have friend except Watson, but writer believes
that Holmes is not an anti social but he is coldness. First, coldness. Indeed, that
seems to mesh with “shallow affect, lack of empathy.” But Holmes’s coldness is
not the coldness of a psychopath. There are several fundamental differences. First,
the psychopath is cold because he is incapable of being otherwise hence, the
element of lacking guilt or remorse. A psychopath doesn’t experience feelings the
same way we do. The things that excite us, trouble us, make us happy do virtually
nothing for him. In fact, psychopaths are often used in studies of emotion for that
precise reason.
All emotions, and that one particularly, were abhorrent to his cold, precise, but admirably balanced mind. (Scandal in Bohemia)
Holmes’s coldness is nothing of the sort. It’s not that he doesn’t
experience any emotion. It’s that he has trained himself to not let emotions cloud
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recall Holmes’s reaction to Mary Morstan: “I think she is one of the most
charming young ladies I ever met.” He does find her charming, then. But that’s
not all he says. “But love is an emotional thing, and whatever is emotional is
opposed to that true cold reason which I place above all things,” Holmes
continues. Were Sherlock a psychopath, none of those statements would make any
sense whatsoever.
What’s more, Holmes’s coldness lacks the related elements of no empathy,
no remorse, and failure to take responsibility. For empathy, we need look no
further than his reaction to Watson’s wound in “The Three Garridebs,” (“You’re
not hurt, Watson? For God’s sake, say that you are not hurt!”) or his desire to let
certain criminals walk free, if they are largely guiltless in his own judgment. For
remorse, consider his guilt at dragging Watson into trouble when the situation is
too much (and his apology for startling him into a faint in “The Empty House.”
Witness: “I owe you a thousand apologies. I had no idea that you would be so
affected.” A sociopath does not apologize).
3.1.4. Weak in love
Remember about Sherlock Holmes failure, one of his failures that cause by
a woman.
“I have been beaten four times—three times by men, and once by a woman.”(Five Orange Pips)
Let see more deeply woman who can beat the great detective Sherlock Holmes
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beaten by a woman’s wit. He used to make merry over the cleverness of women, but I have not heard him do it of late. And when he speaks of Irene Adler, or when he refers to her photograph, it is always under the honourable title of the woman. (Scandal in Bohemia)
Irene Adler is an opera singer who has had an affair with the former Prince (now
the King) of Bohemia. Hurt by the King’s rejection in favour of a more politically
suitable bride, she threatens blackmail with a photograph taken of the two of them
together, a clear sign that they were romantically involved. When Sherlock
Holmes is brought on the case, his attempts to recover the photograph ultimately
fail.
We know Sherlock Holmes is great detective with high concentration and
the most logical guy in story, but those prides can easily become useless in front
of Irene Adler.
o woman. I have seldom heard him men- tion her under any other name. In his Sherlock Holmes she is always the eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex. It was not that he felt any
emotion akin to love for Irene Adler. All emotions, and that one particularly, were abhorrent to his cold, precise but admirably balanced mind. He was, I take it, the most perfect reasoning and observing machine that the world has seen, but as a lover he would have placed himself in a false position…. (Scandal in Bohemia) Holmes preoccupation with work and his experiments are not clues to a
substitution for sex, but rather support an argument that Holmes had a low sense
of sexual desire. Doyle created Sherlock Holmes as a man of science who focused
very clearly on the specific details of life, especially within his adventurous type
of work. Doyle did not create his character to be the type of man who would have
A h m a d | 27
became involved with a woman shows clearly that Doyle was not interested in
having Holmes marry. It is possible, however, that Doyle
Doyle most likely felt that giving Sherlock Holmes sexual desires and
relations would also give him a weakness that might interrupt Holmes' work. This
argument is not to imply that Holmes didn't have weaknesses. He did spend days
doing nothing but lounging on the couch. But this weakness had no effect on his
sleuthing. He did not, for instance, see a couch and immediately feel the desire to
nap Simply, it would have been difficult for Doyle to insert too many romantic
possibilities without jeopardizing his characters’ integrity. In the prudish setting
of Victorian England, writers were already sparking, within their readers, an
introspective interest in sex.
3.1.5. Drug Addict
My own complete happiness, and the home-centred interests which rise up around the man who first finds himself master of his own establishment, were sufficient to absorb all my attention, while Holmes, who loathed every form of society with his whole Bohemian soul, remained in our lodgings in Baker Street, buried among his old books, and alternating from week to week between cocaine and ambition, the drowsiness of the drug, and the fierce energy of his own keen nature (Scandal in Bohemia)
You can really see the difference in the acceptability of cocaine when Conan
Doyle wrote these stories as opposed to now. It's so matter of fact that Holmes
spends about half his time taking drugs to relieve his boredom, as though cocaine
were the same thing as Sudoku or a good crossword puzzle. Something else that's
A h m a d | 28
represented by Watson's "home-centred interests") he likes to live: "his whole
Bohemian soul" alternates "from week to week between cocaine and ambition."
Cocaine would have been legal in Conan Doyle's day, so the social
meaning of taking the drug would be quite different than it is today. At the time,
Holmes's drug use might have underlined not only the extreme activity of his
brain, but also his generally Bohemian lifestyle. Even so, Watson clearly
disapproves of what he sees as Holmes's moral weakness in relation to his drug
use and, in later Holmes episodes, Watson gradually persuades his friend to quit.
3.1.6. Smoke Addict
When I read about Sherlock Holmes, I have come to the realization that
Holmes is portrayed in two different ways. In the original Sherlock Holmes series
‘The Speckled Band’, Holmes is a middle aged man, who has a fetish for weird
things, such as murders. His job consists of solving the mysteries/crimes the
police pass off as unimportant or an accident. He being middle aged gives the
impression he’s experienced at his job. However, it could also give the impression
that he’s too old to do his job properly and may miss or forget important details.
In addition to that, he lives in 221 Baker Street, London. His idiosyncratic habits
are: his smoking of cigars, which he does frequently and that suggests that it’s
right and not frowned upon, which also tells us he’s living in a time smoking was
right.
A h m a d | 29
ways and simple life that I could not help commenting upon it. (A Case of Identity)
“As a rule,” said Holmes, “the more bizarre athing is the less mysterious it proves to be. It is your commonplace, featureless crimes which are really puzzling, just as a commonplace face is the most difficult to identify. But I must be prompt over this matter.” “What are you going to do, then?” I asked.
“To smoke,” he answered. “It is quite a three pipe problem, and I beg that you won’t speak to mefor fifty minutes.”(The Red-Headed League)
He smokes pipes and cigarettes. Even the most casual fan of the Great
Detective can picture him with a pipe. However, cigarettes were smoked almost
constantly. The show, Sherlock, makes the adjustment by giving him nicotine
patches –turning a three pipe problem into a three patch Quote above is enough to
knowing that Holmes is heavy smoker, imagine how much tobacco that use to fill
three pipe. problem.
Let’s see another quote
He had even smoked there. I found the ash of a cigar, which my special knowledge of tobacco ashes enables me to pronounce as an Indian cigar. I have, as you know, devoted some attention to this, and written a little monograph on the ashes of 140 different varieties of pipe, cigar,and cigarette tobacco.
Holmes also know about varieties tobacco, it’ normal because In Victorian
England tobacco smoking, if not in excess, was regarded not only as a pleasurable
habit but also as a therapeutic pastime. In the late Victorian period, smoking a
pipe or a cigar was usually a male habit.
Holmes was very fond of smoking for its alleged mind-refreshing effect.
He smoked cigars, cigarettes, and most preferably pipes. Occasionally, he snuffed
A h m a d | 30
the fireplace in his apartment at 221B Baker Street. Dr Watson also enjoyed
smoking a pipe and occasionally he smoked a cigar, but he never smoked
cigarettes. Holmes smoked a pipe when he was in a contemplative mood.
However, when he was agitated, he smoked cigarettes and paced the drawing
room. He smoked a cigar (most preferably Cuban) usually after a meal in a
restaurant, or when drinking brandy.
In recent scholarship Sherlock Holmes appears more than merely a 'master
detective'. His personality, behaviour, and addictions have become an interesting
area of psychological and psychiatric research. Whether he was or not a drug
addict is of little relevance today. However, Sherlock Holmes has become an
epitome of a certain strand of masculine culture of late-Victorian England, which
is characterised by physical power and hegemonic masculinity, male friendship
(comradeship), as well as occasional strident misogyny.
3.1.7. Physical Appearance
Novels aren’t a visual medium. They’re verbal. Author has words only to
establish character. Unlike visual media like screen, stage and comic formats, we
can’t rely on the audience knowing what a character looks like. We can’t insert
subtle visual cues to reveal character; all characterization must be revealed
explicitly through words on the page.
And because novels aren’t visual, because they are read and not seen, it is
a character’s actions and voice that distinguish them from one another. Physically
A h m a d | 31
distinguishable. On screen, perfect clones would soon get confusing and visual
clues are needed, such as clothing or hair styles, or the other addition.
3.1.7.1. Tall
Holmes is tall, we can see in Watson quote that he describe that Holmes is tall
Sherlock Holmes was pacing up and down the platform, his tall, gaunt figure made even gaunter and taller by his long grey travelling-cloak and close-fitting cloth cap.(The Boscombe Valley Mystery)
From that quote we can conclude that Holmes is tall, more over with his long
dress he look taller than usually. In the first Sherlock Holmes story, A Study in
Scarlet, he is described as being over six feet tall, very lean, with piercing grey
eyes, black hair and a thin hawk-like nose.
However, the actual appearances of the detective and the doctor are tied in
many respects to the indeterminate matter of their true names. If “Holmes” and
“Watson” were aliases, then it is likely that Watson would have changed their
physical descriptions as well, to ensure concealment. Whether truly “heavily
built” or “thin as a lath,”
3.1.7.2. Thin
Let see both quote below, those quote was said by Holmes partner Dr.
Watson he describe indirect physically of Sherlock Holmes but it is very clearly to
understand
A h m a d | 32
while his gently smiling face and his languid, dreamy eyes were as unlike those of Holmes the sleuth-hound, Holmes the relentless, keen-witted, ready-handed criminal agent, as it was possible to conceive. .”(The Red-Headed League)
He curled himself up in his chair, with his thin knees drawn up to his hawk-like nose, and there he sat with his eyes closed and his black clay pipe thrusting out like the bill of some strange bird. .”(The Red-Headed League)
Many who knew Dr. Bell would later notice how many of his physical attributed
would later become the attributes of Sherlock Holmes himself. Conan Doyle
would later recall his memories of Joseph Bell, commenting that he remembered
him as thin, high-nosed, eagle faced, with a jerky way of walking and possessing
a “high strident voice.” Holmes’s voice is not mentioned that often in descriptive
terms in the stories, but when it is mentioned it too is described as being a high
strident voice.
3.1.7.3 Fashionable
Style in clothing is also part of characterization, because we can analyze
character based on his style. The most famous wearer of a deerstalker is
undoubtedly the fictional character Sherlock Holmes, who is popularly depicted
favouring this style of cap. Holmes is never actually described as wearing a
deerstalker by name in Arthur Conan Doyle's stories, though. However, most
notably in "The Adventure of Silver Blaze," the narrator, Doctor Watson,
describes him as wearing "his ear-flapped travelling cap", and in "The Boscombe
Valley Mystery", as wearing a "close-fitting cloth cap". As the deerstalker is the
most typical cap of the period matching both descriptions, it is not surprising that
A h m a d | 33
Frederic Dorr Steele in the United States, along with other illustrators of the
period, depicted Holmes as a "deerstalker man", which then became the popular
perception of him.
Later, less-informed depictions of Holmes have him wearing this cap in
the city failing to take into account the fact that the fashion-conscious Holmes
would be loath to commit such a sartorial faux pas; the deerstalker is traditionally
a rural outdoorsman's cap. It is not appropriate headgear for the properly dressed
urban gentleman. Still, while contemporaneous illustrators portrayed Holmes as
wearing a deerstalker in the proper setting for such attire, travelling cross-country
or operating in a rural outdoor setting,
It was soon evident to me that he was now preparing for an all-night sitting. He took off his coat and waistcoat, put on a large blue
dressing-gown, and then wandered about the room collecting pillows from his bed, and cusions from the sofa and armchairs. With these he constructed a sort of Eastern divan, upon which he perched himself cross-legged, with an ounce of shag -tobacco and a box of matches laid out in front of him. (The Man with the Twisted Lip) According that quote that Holmes is stylish in fashion, usually people use
common dress when traveling, but Holmes wear waistcoat that show he is not
common people but he is a detective. The great detective usually wears tweed or a
frock coat. Sometimes at home he dons a loose dressing grown and a banian.
While investigating in the country his outfit consist a long grey coat and practical
deerstalker cap (originally the deerstalker was grey, but in some cartoon and
A h m a d | 34
wear elegant top hat, he always has his pipe and magnifying glass with him and
sometimes, there is a chalk or tape a measure in his pocket.
Personal cleanliness is very important for him, he is always elegantly
dressed, citation in The Hound of Baskervilles “in his tweed suit and cloth cap he
looked like any other tourist upon the moor, and he had contrived, with that
catlike love of personal cleanliness which one of his characteristic, that his chin
should be as smooth and his linen as perfect as if he were in Baker Street”
For additional
My wants were few and simple, so that in less than the time stated I was in a cab with my valise, rattling away to Paddington Station. Sherlock Holmes was pacing up and down the platform, his tall, gaunt figure made even gaunter and taller by his long grey
travelling-cloak and close-fitting cloth cap.(The Boscombe Valley Mystery)
I had called upon my friend Sherlock Holmes upon the second morning after Christmas, with the intention of wishing him the compliments of the season. He was lounging upon the sofa in a purple dressing-gown, a pipe-rack within his reach upon the right, and a pile of crumpled morning papers, evidently newly studied, near at hand.( The Blue Carbuncle)
Let see both different quote, we can realize that Holmes wear different
dress color. That mean he has one more dressed in simply he good in stylish.
Especially in second quote Holmes use purple dressing gown, that color is so
shiny for men. Long describes Holmes’s wardrobe as that of “a modern English
gentleman. The greatcoat and the deerstalker were key components of any
gentleman’s wardrobe in England at that time period.” The deerstalker is most
often made of cloth, often a light or heavy wool tweed, although deerstalkers
A h m a d | 35
3.2. Causes Holmes Habit has no Bad Effect to Public
Remind previous sub chapter we know that Sherlock Holmes is coldness
and have drug habit. If we look in reality, someone who has coldness personality
and drug addict usually, he has bad effect to public and extremely he do crimes
problem. Although we know in Doyle era some addict is legal to consume but
remember addict have bad effect to brain and affected in habits. That amazing,
this fictional character looks like not affected with his social relation and habit. on
the other hand, works in the highest levels of the British government, using his
equally remarkable skills to help save people and maintain social stability. He has
Sherlock’s intellect, but with a sense of social responsibility. I realized more could
be done with this older, smarter character.
3.2.1. Interested in Cases
Sherlock Holmes is hunter. He prefers to work alone, but relies on others
when it suits him. He never knows the final outcome of what he undertakes, but
he presses it home with conviction because he knows that to do otherwise would
mean certain disaster. He makes (and re-makes) everything up as he goes along,
except his method for making things up as he goes along. This is why most
human beings find him so unsatisfactory: because they greatly prefer a predictable
mediocrity to an unpredictable genius. With those pride make him interest to
cases according Watson explains
A h m a d | 36
mysteries which had been abandoned as hopeless by the official police.(Scandal in Bohemia)
Sherlock Holmes can be an eccentric person. He is very hard to be predicted in his
way of life. His expertness about crime and other studies are acheived not by a
forma education. He learn them from basic living in London. While being a man
tha can’t be predicted, he sometime also make a good talk when the object
entertains him.
On cases in which I have during the last eight years studied the methods of over my notes of the seventy my friend Sherlock Holmes, I find many tragic, some comic, a large number merely strange, but none commonplace; for, working as he did rather for the love of his art than for the acquirement of wealth, he refused to associate himself with any investigation which did not tend towards the unusual, and even the fantastic. (The Adventure of the Speckled Band)
The person with prosocial behavior intends to give benefit to society. In some
cases, these people are really helpful. They always give a hand to people nearby.
As a result, the society values them more than anyone. The people with prosocial
behavior want to help each other based on nothing. This behavior somehow needs
to be triggered. For example people not usually seeking for someone who need a
help, rather, people will react when he/she found someone nearby that need a
help.
As support quote Sherlock Holmes
I can only say, madam, that I shall be happy to devote the same care to your case as I did to that of your friend. As to reward, my
A h m a d | 37
According Holmes said we can interpret that Holmes no need payment to help
break cases. His dedication as detective more important than money, this suggests
that author created a sense of superiority in the character of Holmes. He rarely
takes credit for his work and often allows the police force to take all of the
recognition. This humility is a positive personality feature, a device used by Doyle
to increase the appeal and sense of "reasonableness" to be found in the
characterisation of the English detective.
This explanation above proved that Holmes help people without ask
payment because his interesting to cases, it states that the Id is the unconscious
needs and desires of a human. Further Freud explained the division of psychics in
human by deriving the id, the ego, and the super ego as the agents who influence
the behavior of a person that leads to form his/ her character in this case, it is
Holmes eccentric character. The id placed in unconscious mind plays the role as
impulses to human nature that cares only to accomplish his contentment. It is like
a basic foundation of one to do something that he desires utmost Holmes id is
crime. Fond of doing chemical experiment and revealing unique cases like murder
are the realization of his id.
3.2.2. Love with his Profession
The character of Sherlock Holmes works as a “consulting detective” both
for london metropolitan police and for private hire. He is not an official police
detective nor does he have any of the powers of one. Apart from few select
A h m a d | 38
Together, they investigate and solve incredibly elaborate and almost impossible
cases, using Holmes incredible skills of deduction, observation, disguise and
forensic science
According Watson quote below, he said that Holmes is unofficial detective that
help solve people problems
I smiled and shook my head. “I can quite understand your thinking so.” I said. “Of course, in your position of unofficial adviser and helper to everybody who is absolutely puzzled, throughout three continents, you are brought in contact with all that is strange and bizarre.(Case of Identity)
Holmes have a self respect as a detective, he help people without ask any price.
His existences as detective become his motivation to help people. He was also a
detective who relied on facts and evidence rather than chance. Many people have
idolized Holmes to be their goal in life, however, it is not an easy task for they are
required to have the abilities and instincts of that Holmes inhabited. Holmes
enjoyed his job very much and there is no other person that would do his job as
well as him.
“You? Who are you? How could you know anything of the matter?""My name is Sherlock Holmes. It is my business to know what other people don't know." (The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle)
His pride as detective really shows that he is very love with his job. Maybe we
can interpret him as good people; Sherlock Holmes is an imaginary character and
an excellent example of a good detective. He shows that, in three interesting
A h m a d | 39
These stories present Holmes as a detective who is very observant, pretty good
listener and prepared.
As for t he ego, the bridge between the id and the super ego, guides Holmes
as a servant of his id and yet it adjusts with the norm of the society, he becomes a
consulting detective, a job that he said was invented by himself in t his world. He
loves the crime and willingly involving himself in the case even though he is not
paid off .Although his mind likes the crime, his super ego steers him to be the side
A h m a d | 40
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
This chapter will draw about previous chapter, Based on the analysis in the
previous chapter, the writer make some conclusions. The writer has find out that
Sherlock Holmes is main character in the story because he give much
contribution of the story. Then, about the characterization, there are some
problems or topics that writer have been discussed. They are about physical
appearance, style, habits, social relationship and personality. Writer concludes
thatHolmes is actually a rather believable character: his talent for observation is a
plausible kind of genius, and even if some of his deductions hinge on
unrealistically convenient points. With that pride Holmes advanced need to know
tends to narrow their self concept such that consistent, accurate, and valid
feedback is more difficult to obtain. The net effect of this is a tendency toward
low self esteem. Writer finds that Holmes’s coldness is nothing of the sort. It’s not
that he doesn’t experience any emotion. It’s that he has trained himself to not let
emotions cloud his judgment something that he repeats often to Watson. Holmes
is not perfect human that mean he has weakness. His weakness to women that he
loved, Irene Adler is a woman who makes Holmes’s skill useless.
It's so matter of fact that Holmes spends about half his time taking drugs to
relieve his boredom, as though cocaine were the same thing as Sudoku or a good
crossword puzzle. Something else that's really key about Holmes's drug use is that
it signals how far outside of society. Not only that, Holmes is smoke addict too,
A h m a d | 41
that suggests that it’s right and not frowned upon, which also tells us he’s living
in a time smoking was right.
Sherlock is a tall, thin man appearing no more than in his late thirties.
Long describes Holmes’s wardrobe as that of “a modern English gentleman. The
greatcoat and the deerstalker were key components of any gentleman’s wardrobe
in England at that time period.” The deerstalker is most often made of cloth, often
a light or heavy wool tweed, although deerstalkers made of suede, white cotton
duck and even blue jeans denim are not unknown.
Sherlock Holmes can be an eccentric person. He is very hard to be
predicted in his way of life. His expertness about crime and other studies are
acheived not by a forma education. He learn them from basic living in London.
While being a man tha can’t be predicted, he sometime also make a good talk
when the object entertains him. Especially about cases his interesting on the case
very high, he always look for cases as he dedication as detective and his
interesting. The character of Sherlock Holmes works as a “consulting detective”
both for london metropolitan police and for private hire. He is not an official
A h m a d | 42
WORK CITED
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Internet Source
http://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/Sherlock_Holmes
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AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 22 may 1859.
His mother, Mary Foley, was Irish and descendant of the famous Percy family of
Northumberland, in the line of Plantagenet. His father, Charles Altamont Doyle,
was a not very ambitious officer with some artistic talent . When he lost his job,
he sank into alcoholism and was interned after severe seizures before dying in
1893. His three brothers distinguished themselves in England: James wrote The
Chronicles of England, Henry was director of the National Gallery in Dublin and
Richard was one of the most famous illustrators of Punch.
Arthur is the second of seven children (Annette Constance, Caroline,
Innes, Ida and Julia). His education begins at home and in a small Edinburgh
school. At nine, he entered the Jesuit college Hodder in Lancashire to prepare his
admission to the Stonyhurst College. He succeeded two years later and already
starting to get excited about literature : Walter Scott, Jules Verne or Macaulay. He
even founded a little magazine : The Stonyhurst Figaro. However, Jesuit
education hardly suited him and when he left school in 1875, he completely
rejected Christianity, preferring to be agnostic. Nevertheless, he spent an
additional year at a Jesuit college in Feldkirch, Austria, to improve his German. In
1876, he began his medical studies at the Faculty of Edinburgh.
There he met two men who influence the choice of his future novel hero:
Professor Rutherford, whose Assyrian beard, booming voice and broad chest,
