Dl WILAVAN KOTA DAN DESA, SUkWWESI BENGGARA

K A R W K F E R l S T l K RBJMAHTANGGA

AHAK

B A L l T A KBJWANG

ENERGl P R O T E I N

(KEP)

D l

W I L A V A N

K O T A

D A N DESA,

SUkWWESI

BENGGARA

OIeh

M A N G A P U L

BANJARNAHOR

JURUSAN GlZl MASYARAKAT D A N SUMBERDAYA KELUARGA FAKULTAS PERTANIAN

IMSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR 1 9 9 1

RINGKASAN

HANGAPUL BANJARNAHOR. K a r a k t e r i s t i k R u m a h t a n g g a Anak B a l i t a K u r a n g E n e r g i P r o t e i n ( KEP ) d i W i l a y a h K o t a d a n D e s a S u l a w e s i T e n g g a r a ( D i b a w a h b i m b i n g a n D A R W I N K A R Y A D I d a n H A R D I N S Y A N ) . B e r d a s a r k a n S u r v e i p a d a t a h u n 1 9 7 8

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1 9 8 6 t e l a h d i t e m u k e n a l i d a e r a h - d a e r a h r a w a n g i z i ( KEP ) p a d a a n a k b a l i t a d i b e r b a g a i p r o p i n s i d i I n d o n e s i a m e n u r u t d a e r a h p e r k o t a a n d a n p e d e s a a n

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P e n y e b a b p e r m a s a l a h a n g i z i s a n g a t k o m p l e k s , a d a k e m u n g k i n a n f a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g b e r k a i t a n d i b e r b a g a i d a e r a h p u n b e r v a r i a s i . U n t u k l e b i h b e r d a y a g u n a d a n b e r h a s i l g u n a p r o g r a m p e r b a i k a n g i z i , p e r l u d i p e l a j a r i k a r a k t e r i s t i k r u m a h t a n g g a p a d a g o l o n g a n s a s a r a n . P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r t u j u a n u n t u l c m e m p e l a j a r i : 1 ) k a r a k t e r i s t i k r u m a h t a n g g a a n a k b a l i t a KEP; 2 ) KEP d a n k e m i s k i n a n s e r t a 3 ) f a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i s t a t u s g i z i a n a k b a l i t a d i P r o p i n s i S u l a w e s i T e n g g a r a . D a t a y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h d a t a SUSEMAS 1 9 8 9 m e l i p u - t i : 1 ) i d e n t i t a s r u m a h t a n g g a y a n g m e l i p u t i j u m l a h a n g g o t a r u m a h t a n g g a d a n a n g g o t a r u m a h t a n g g a umur 0

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5 t a h u n ; 2 ) s o s i a l - e k o n o m i m e l i p u t i p e n g e l u a r a n p a n g a n r u m a h t a n g g a p e r k a p i t a p e r b u l a n , p e n d i d i k a n k e p a l a r u m a h t a n g g a , p e n d i d i k - a n i b u , s e r t a umur i b u b a l i t a ; 3 ) g i z i d a n k e s e h a t a n b a l i t a m e l i p u t i s t a t u s g i z i a n a k b a l i t a d a n t i n g k a t p a r t i s ' r u m a h t a n g g a d a l a m p e l a y a n a n k e s e h a t a n ; 4 ) k o n d i s i

h a n d a n l i n g k u n g a n m e l i p u t i k e a d a a n p e r u m a h a n , f a s i l i t a s d a n p e r l e n g k a p a n p e r u m a h a n d a n l i n g k u n g a n p e r u m a h a n , s e r t a d a t a k o n s u m s i e n e r g i t a h u n 1 9 8 7 m e n u r u t d a e r a h k o t a d a n d e s a d i P r o p i n s i S u l a w e s i T e n g g a r a . S t a t u s g i z i a n a k b a l i t a d i t e n t u k a n d e n g a n i n d i k a t o r b e r a t b a d a n m e n u r u t umur m e n g g u n a k a n b a k u s t a n d a r WHO-NCHS y a n g d i s e s u a i k a n u n t u k I n d o n e s i a . G a r i s k e m i s k i n a n t a h u n 1 9 8 7 d i h i t u n g , k e m u d i a n u n t u k m e m p e r k i r a k a n g a r i s k e - m i s k i n a n t a h u n 1 9 8 9 d i g u n a k a n i n d e k s h a r g a k o n s u m e n t a h u n 1 9 8 7 d a n 1 9 8 9 . F a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g d i d u g a b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n s t a t u s g i z i a n a k b a l i t a d i a n a l i s i s d e n g a n u j i r e g r e s i b e r g a n d a m e n g g u n a k a n k o m p u t e r . H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n m e n g u n g k a p k a n bahwa p r e v a l e n s i a n a k b a l i t a KEP d i k o t a l e b i h r e n d a h d i b a n d i n g d i d e s a . S t a t u s g i z i a n a k p e r e m p u a n l e b i h b a i k d a r i p a d a a n a k l a k i - l a k i d i k o t a d a n d i d e s a

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S t a t u s g i z i a n a k b a l i t a p a d a k e l o m p o k umur y a n g l e b i h muda l e b i h b a i k d a r i p a d a k e l o m p o k umur s a n g l e b i h t u a d i k o t a d a n d i d e s a . T i n g k a t p e n d i d i k a n k e p a l a r u m a h t a n g g a d a n t i n g k a t p e n d i d i k a n i b u r e l a t i f l e b i h r e n d a h d i d e s a d i b a n d i n g d i k o t a . T i n g k a t p e n g e l u a r a n r u m a h t a n g g a p e r k a p i t a p e r b u l a n l e b i h t i n g g i d i k o t a d i b a n d i n g d i d e s a . P e r s e n t a s e p e n g e l u a r a n p a n g a n r u m a h t a n g g a p e r k a p i t a p e r b u l a n l e b i h t i n g g i d i d e s a d i b a n d i n g d i k o t a .

K a r a k t e r i s t i k r u m a h t a n g g a a n a k b a l i t a KEP d i k o t a a d a l a h p a d a umumnya t i n g k a t p e n d i d i k a n k e p a l a r u m a h t a n g g a d a n t i n g k a t p e n d i d i k a n i b u tamat SMTA, r a t a - r a t a p e n g e l u - a r a n t o t a l r u m a h t a n g g a p e r k a p i t a p e r b u l a n R p . 1 9 7 4 8 d a n r a t a - r a t a p e n g e l u a r a n p a n g a n k a r a k t e r i s t i k r u m a h t a n g g a a n a k b a l i t a KEP d i d e s a a d a l a h p a d a umumnya t i n g k a t p e n - d i d i k a n k e p a l a r u m a h t a n g g a d a n t i n g k a t p e n d i d i k a n i b u t i d a k t a m a t SD, r a t a - r a t a p e n p e l u a r a n t o t a l r u m a h t a n g g a p e r k a p i t a p e r b u l a n R P . 1 4 7 4 0 d a n r a t a - r a t a p e n g e l u a r a n p a n g a n r u m a h t a n g g a p e r k a p i t a p e r b u l a n 6 5 , 2 p e r s e n . S e b a g i a n b e s a r r u m a h t a n g g a a n a k b a l i t a KEP b a i k d i k o t a maupun d i d e s a m a s i h b e r a d a d i b a w a h g a r i s k e m i s k i n a n m a s i n g - m a s i n g 7 7 , 8 p e r s e n d i k o t a d a n 70,3 p e r s e n d i d e s a , s e d a n g k a n y a n g b e r a d n d i a t a s g a r i s k e m i s k i n a n m a s i n g - m a s i n g 22,2 p e r s e n d i k o t a d a n 2 9 , 7 p e r s e n d i d e s a . H a l i n i m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a s e b a g i a n b e s a r r u m a h t a n g g a a n a k b a l i t a KEP a d a l a h g o l o n g a n r u m a h t a n g g a m i s k i n d a n h a n y a s e b a g i a n k e c i l r u m a h t a n g g a a n a k b a l i t a KEP d i k o t a d a n d i d e s a y a n g t i d a k m i s k i n . F a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i s t a t u s g i z i a n a k b a l i t a d i w i l a y a h k o t a a d a l a h p e n d i d i k a n k e p a l a rumah- t a n g g a , p e n d i d i k a n i b u , p e n g e l u a r a n r u m a h t a n g g a p e r k a p i t a p e r b u l a n , p a r t i s i p a s i r u m a h t a n g g a d a l a m p e l a y a n a n k e s e - h a t a n d a n j e n i s k e l a m i n a n a k b a l i t a . S e d a n g k a n f a k t o r -

f a k t o r y a n g m e m p e n g a r u h i s t a t u s g i z i a n a k b a l i t a d i w i l a - y a h d e s a a d a l a h p e n g e l u a r a n r u m a h t a n g g a p e r k a p i t a p e r b u l a n , p e n g e l u a r a n p a n g a n r u m a h t a n g g a p e r k a p i t a p e r b u l a n , p a r t i s i p a s i r u m a h t a n g g a d a l a m p e l a y a n a n k e s e h a t a n d a n k o n d i s i p e r u m a h a n d a n l i n g k u n g a n

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D e n g a n t i n g k a t s o s i a l - e k o n o m i y a n e s e m a k i n t i n g g i a k a n m e n i n g k a t k a n s t a t u s g i z i a n a k b a l i t a . B e r d a s a r k a n h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i n i m a k a u n t u k mempermu- d a h u p a y a p e n i n g k a t a n p r o g r a m p e r b a i k a n g i z i p a d a g o l o n g a n s a s a r a n , k h u s u s n y a r u m a h t a n g g a a n a k b a l i t a KEP m a k a p e r l u d i t i n g k a t k a n p r o g r a m p e m b a n g u n a n p e r b a i k a n p e n d i d i k a n , p e n d a p a t a n , k e s e h s t a n d a n g i z i s e r t a l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p s e c a r a t e r p a d u s e j a l a n d e n g a n p r o g r a m p e m b a n g u n a n d i d a e r a h d e n g a n m e m p e r h a t i k a n s i t u a s i d a n k o n d i s i d a e r a h s e t e m p a t , s e h i n g g a p r o g r a m b e r j a l a n l e b i h b e r d a y a g u n a , b e r h a s i l g u n a d a n t e r a r a h p a d a g o l o n g a n s a s a r a n , m e n g i n g a t a n a k - a n a k m e r u p a k a n m o d a l s u m b e r d a y a m a n u s i a y a n g b e r k u a - l i t a s d i masa d e p a n d a l a m r a n g k a m e l a n j u t k a n c i t a - c i t a b a n g s a .