The Strength And Stiffness Modulus Of Thin Layer Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete At Various Temperature COVER

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THE STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS MODULUS OF THIN LAYER

HOT MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE

THESIS

Submitted to the Post Graduate of Civil Engineering Program in Partial

Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering in

Infrastructure

Submitted by

Abdulhakim Mustafa Elshawesh

POST GRADUATE

CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAMS

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

Thin Layer Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete

which are listed on the list of references.

If then the pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to accept any academic punishment, including

the withdrawal or cancellation of my academic degree.

Surakarta, _________________2014

ABDULHAKIM MUSTAFA ELSHAWESH

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my greatest appreciation to my supervisors, Ir. Ary Setyawan, M. Sc

(Eng). , Ph. D. and for their guidance and precious supervision

during this research. I would like also thankful to Dr.Eng.Ir Syafii,MT for give me the method and

steps to make the research.

Also I would like to express my greatest appreciation of department of civil engineering staff in

Seblas Maret University.

My deep appreciations and my great thanks to my dear family; mother, father, brothers and sisters,

whom supported me in my study.

Finally, i would like to express my thanks to everyone who has helped me during my master study.

Surakarta, _________________2014

ABDULHAKIM MUSTAFA ELSHAWESH

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ABSTRACT

Stiffness modulus of asphalt concrete mixture is one of the most important parameters for the flexible pavement design that is very susceptible from temperature and time loading. The stiffness modulus here may be defined as a measure of the load spreading ability of material. The stiffness of asphalt mixture can be measured through various laboratory researches and empirical methods. Various laboratory researches have been employed to measure this property of asphalt such as indirect tensile modulus test, ITSM.

The aims of this research were to achieve the viability of using asphalt 60/70 pen with different temperature on strength and stiffness modulus on thin layer HMA (4 cm) compared to Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (6.8 cm). The other purpose is to get to know the effect of the using thin layer HMA (4 cm) in different climate region. All of the asphalt concrete mixtures of thin layer HMA and AC-WC which were used in this research based on Marshall Mix design according to Indonesian standard (Bina Marga 2010). The laboratories tests which have been conducted in this research were: indirect tensile strength (ITS), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) at temperature 10°C, 20°C, 40°C and 60°C.

In comparison with the results of indirect tensile strength test, indirect tensile stiffness modulus test and unconfined compressive strength test, it is noticed that the strength and stiffness modulus of thin layer hot mix asphalt was affected by the temperature which the temperature degree might increase to decrease or the way around. From the results of ITSM test for HMA and AC-WC showed that starting from the temperature 20°C to 60°C there is no significant value of stiffness behavior at them. However, there is slight different value at temperature 10°C mixture respectively.

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ABSTRAK

Modulus kelekatan campuran asphalt concrete adalah salah satu parameter paling penting dalam perancangan jalan yang fleksibel yang sangat mudah terpengaruh oleh suhu dan waktu. Modulus kelekatan di sini dapat diartikan sebagai ukuran kemampuan penyebaran beban benda. Kelekatan campuran aspal dapat diukur melalui bermacam penelitian laboratorium dan metode empiris. Penelitian laboratorium yang bermacam-macam telah dilakukan untuk mengukur bahan aspal ini seperti indirect tensile modulus test, ITSM.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui viabilitas penggunaan aspal penetrasi 60/70 dengan suhu berbeda dalam hal modulus kekuatan dan kelekatan pada lapisan tipis HMA (4 cm)

dibandingkan dengan Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (6.8 cm). Tujuan lainnya adalah untuk

mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan lapisan tipis HMA pada iklim wilayah yang berbeda. Semua

campuran asphalt concrete pada lapisan tipis HMA dan AC-WC yang digunakan dalam penelitian

ini berdasarkan rancangan Marshall Mix dengan mengikuti standar Indonesia (Bina Marga 2010).

Tes laboratorium yang telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah: indirect tensile strength (ITS),

unconfined compressive strength (UCS) dan indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) pada suhu

10°C, 20°C, 40°C dan 60°C.

Dalam perbandingan hasil indirect tensile strength test, indirect tensile stiffness modulus test dan

unconfined compressive strength test, menunjukkan bahwa modulus kekuatan dan kelekatan lapisan

tipis HMAdipengaruhi oleh suhu yang tingkat suhunya mungkin naik turun atau sebaliknya. Dari

hasil tes ITSM untuk HMA dan AC-WC menunjukkan bahwa dari suhu 20°C hingga 60°C tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada sifat kelekatannya. Walaupun demikian, ada sedikit perbedaan

pada suhu 10oC dalam campuran masing-masingnya.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER I

SHEET OF APPROVAL II

SHEET OF APPROVAL EXAMINATION III

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY IV

ACKNOWLEDGMENT V

ABSTRAK VI

ABSTRACT VII

TABLE OF CONTENTS VIII

LIST OF FIGURES XI

LIST OF TABLES XIII

LIST OF APPENDIX XIV

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Problem Formulation 3

1.3 Objective 3

1.4 Scope and limitation 3

1.5 Contribution of research 4

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND BASIC THEORY 5

2.1 Literature Review 5

2.1.1 Thin Layer Hot mix Asphalt Concrete 5

2.1.2 Asphalt Mixture 7

2.1.3 Asphalt Concrete Tests 9

2.1.4 Materials Characteristics 11

2.2 Basic Theory 16

2.2.1 Thin Layer Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete 16

2.2.2 Asphalt Mixture 18

2.2.3 Asphalt Concrete Tests 21

2.2.4 The Composition Materials 30

2.3 The difference between this research and previous researches 34

2.4 The Hypothesis of the Research 34

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 35

3.1 Introduction 35

3.2 Location of Research 35

3.3 Data Collection Techniques 35

3.3.1 Primary Data 35

3.3.2 Secondary data 36

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3.4.1 Aggregate Impact Value 36

3.4.2 Specific Gravity and Absorption of aggregates 38

3.5 Sample Population 40

3.5.1 Gradation 40

3.5.2 Determining Optimum Bitumen Content 40

3.5.3 Preparation of Test Objects in (OBC) 43

3.6 Material and Equipment 44

3.6.1 Equipment 44

3.7 Sample Testing 46

3.7.1 Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) 46

. 3.7.2 Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) 47

3.7.3 Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus (ITSM) 47

3.8 Research Analysis 48

3.8.1 Optimum Bitumen Content 48

3.8.2 Comparison between ITS thin layer and AC 48

3.8.3 Comparison between UCSthin layer and AC 48

3.8.4 Comparison between ITSM thin layer and AC 48

3.9 Research flowchart 49

CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 50

4.1 Introduction 50

4.2 Aggregate 51

4.2.1 Sieve Analysis and Aggregates Gradation 51

4.2.2 Specific Gravity and Water Absorption 52

4.3 The result of Asphalt Test

54

4.4 Asphalt Mixture 54

4.4.1

The production

55

4.4.2

Volumetric properties

56

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4.4.4 Marshall test 58

4.4.5 Optimum Bitumen Content 60

4.5 Marshall Mix design for AC-WC and thin layer HMA 60

4.6 Indirect tensile strength (ITS) 62

4.7 Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) 63

4.8 Indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) 65

4.9 The correlation between the ITS and ITSM 66

4.10 The correlation between the UCS and ITSM 68

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 70

5.1 Conclusion 70

5.2 Recommendation 71

Reference 72

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 The scheme of variation types of asphalt concrete volume 28

Figure 2.2 The definition of VIM, asphalt pavement and absorbed asphalt 29

Figure 3.1 Impact Test Machine 35

Figure 3.2 Fine Aggregate Specific Gravity Apparatus 37

Figure 3.3 Course Aggregate Specific Gravity Apparatus 38

Figure 3.4 Marshall Test Equipment 44

Figure 3.5 Steps of the research 48

Figure 4.1 Grading chart for aggregates - sieve analysis 51

Figure 4.2 The graph of Density 55

Figure 4.3 The graph of VFA 55

Figure 4.4 The graph of VIM 56

Figure 4.5 The graph of VMA 56

Figure 4.6 The graph of Stability 58

Figure 4.7 The graph of Flow 58

Figure 4.8 The graph of MQ 59

Figure 4.9 The optimum bitumen content 60

Figure 4.10 Temperature effect on ITS for thin layer HMA and AC-WC 62

Figure 4.11 Temperature effect on UCS for thin layer HMA and AC-WC 63

Figure 4.12 Temperature effect on ITSM for thin layer HMA and AC-WC 65

Figure 4.13 The Correlation between the ITS and ITSM for thin later 66

Figure 4.14 The Correlation between the ITS and ITSM for AC-WC 67

Figure 4.15 The Correlation between the UCS and ITSM for thin layer 68

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Specification of penetration grade bitumen 10

Table 2.2 Inspection Criteria Filler 14

Table 2.3 Summary of thin HMA overlay specifications/guidelines 17

18

Table 2.5 The requirements of modifi 19

Table 2.6 Requirements for asphalt pavement 20

Table 2.7 The requirements of coarse aggregate 21

Table 2.8 The requirements of fine aggregate 21

Table 2.9 The combined aggregate gradation for asphalt mixture 22

Table 2.10 The requirements of filler 23

Table 3.1The numbers of test specimens determine the (OBC) 39

Table 3.2Specimen numbers for ITS, UCS and ITSM Tests 42

Table 4.1The combined aggregate gradation for AC WC and Thin Layer 50

Table 4.2Specific gravity of coarse aggregate 51

Table 4.3Specific gravity of fine aggregate 52

Table 4.4 Test results of coarse, medium and fine aggregate 52

Table 4.5 Test result of conventional asphalt pen grade 60/70 53

Table 4.6 Determining the properties of AC-WC mixture 54

Table 4.7 Maximum specific gravity of AC-WC 57

Table 4.8 AC-WC mixture properties using conventional asphalt pen 60 60

Table 4.9Mix properties of asphalt mixture for thin layer HMA 61

Table 4.10 Indirect tensile strength test results 64

Table 4.11 Unconfined compressive strength test results 65

Table 4.12 Resilient modulus test results 67

Table 4.13 The ITSM and ITS tests results 68

Table 4.14 The ITSM and ITS tests results 69

Table 4.15The ITSM and UCS tests results 70

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LIST OF NOTATION

AASHTO

-

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official

AC-WC

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Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course

ASTM

-

American Society for Testing and Materials

Bit

-

Bitumen

Gmm

-

Maximum Specific Gravity of the Mixture

Gsa

-

Apparent Specific Gravity

Gsb

-

Bulk Specific Gravities

Gssd

-

Bulk SSD specific gravity

HMA

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Hot Mix Asphalt

ITS

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Indirect Tensile Strength

ITSM

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Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus

MQ

-

Marshal Quotient

OBC

-

Optimum Asphalt Content

PM

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Preventive Maintenance

SMA

-

Stone Matrix Asphalt

THMACO -

Thin Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Overlays

THMSA

-

Thin Hot Mix Surfacing Asphalt

UCS

-

Unconfined Compressive Strength

VFA

-

Voids Filled with Asphalt

VIM

-

Voids in the Mix