PUBLIC TRANSPORT PLANNING
(Route, Station, Bus Stop)
Prof. Siti Malkhamah Dr. Dewanti Dr. Muhammad Zudhy Irawan Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gadjah Mada University
Introduction of Transport Planning
2
There are 4 stakeholders which are involved in public transport
Government as Regulator
Operator
People
3
Government as Regulator has a job that:
• To determine service standards and systems/ mechanism to treat,
• To provide infrastructure
• To plan route and priority (bus-lane, bus-way)
• To plan Bus Stop, Parking area, integration with other modes.
• To give permission for the route
• To set tariffs and subsidies (with other institution)
• To oversee
Several aspects that should be considered in the planning of public
transport, such as:
1. Technical
2. Economy
3. Environment
4. Social
Example: Public transport planning technically in urban area is
different from in rural area, in aspects:
1. Headway
2. Bus Size
3. The route, etc.
In technical aspect, Public transport planning generally divided into 2
level:
1. Strategic Level
Route planning, station, bus stop, Transfer point Tariff planning: flat, depends on distance and zone
Schedule planning, include: schedule of the air force arrival,
schedule of the air force operational, schedule of the air force
team
Passenger preference, such as comfort and safety
2. Operational Level
Delay management
Reschedule
5
6
Indicator of Public Transport Services qualitatively
Route Network:walking distance is not far, direct route, there is the integration of network between major and branch.
Mode shifting: easy, comfort, and there is coordination with the other services
Schedule: On time and connected with other services.
Tariff and Ticket: Affordable rate and there is coordination with the other services
Information: available and clear and include a schedule, route, tariff and directions
Urban Public Transport Route Planning
7
Route planning is an early planning in the public transport planning In this plan need to be considered:
1. Maximum travel time
2. Coordination between all route
3. Comparison of travel time between the distance from origin zone
to destination zone through the planned route with the shortest
path
Route Planning based on the main purpose of public transport: 1. Commuting travel
2. Shopping travel, 3. Recreational
travel, etc
Route planning
concepts:
1. Minimize the waiting time 2. Maximize the load
factor
3. Minimize the travel time
4. Minimize the transfer amount
RITK / RIK Data Tata Guna Lahan
Data Penduduk
Potensi Perjalanan
Kebutuhan Angkutan
Kendaraan Umum Kendaraan Pribadi
Kriteria
Pelayanan Jaringan Trayek
Jaringan Trayek
RDBWK
11
Classification of
Route medium Small
Major X X
Branch < 1 hour X
Minor 0,75 hour < 1 hour
Direct X X
Length of Public Transport Route
(Based on classification of route, city size, and travel time)
12
Route planning connected (tumpang tindih) and Deviation route (penyimpangan trayek)
Route connected (tumpang tindih) could be accepted if:
• The time interval between the bus which has route connected longer than 3 minutes in peak hours and 6-8 minutes in after or before peak hour
• Load Factor on route connected larger than 60%, average is 70%
• Route length which is connected should not larger than 50% of route length
Criteria Medium Small
Connected (tumpeng tindih)
20-25% from total
of route length
15-20% from total of route
length
Deviation level (Tingkat Penyimpangan)
10-15% from total
of travel time
5-10% from total of travel
13
Simple way to determine the route
1. Determine the zones that will be served by public transport (trip generation step)
2. Identification of all road that connects between the zone
3. Determine the public transport route (with several requirements such as the fastest travel time, amount of transfer, etc
4. Identify the data of origin-destination matrix (trip distribution step) whether the amount of movement (OD matrix) is large can be served by the route that has been determined directly (without transfer)?
5. If so, then the route is quite effective
6. If not, then it could change the route that has been determined or add a new route (depend on size of demand)
After passing step 1 and 2, then determine zones and roads.
1
Determine the Public Transport Route, if:
1. Maximum travel time 30 minute/route
2. Route not twist
3. Maximum deviation from the fastest travel time (shortest path) is 40%
4. Each route should not be connected (tidak bersinggungan)
5. Maximum transfer only 1 time
Step 1: Determine which routes are possible from the term 1 and 2
Route Node Travel time
1 1 –2 (2–1) 5
Step 2: Determine the shortest path to the term 3
term 3
Route are possible: 1, 4, 6
Route 1 to 2 1 to 3 1 to 4
Fastest route(shortest path) 1 - 2 1 - 3 1 –3 - 4
Travel time on the fastest route 5 10 26
Route are possible (node) 1 (1–2)
Travel time from possible route 1 (5) 2 (5)
2 (30) 4 (10) 6 (10)
6 (26)
Percentage of travel time from the shortest path
Step 3: Based on term 4, each road should not be connected ( tidak
bersinggungan). Then route 6 have been selected than route 4, because if it is
selected route 4, zone 4 could not connect.
Step 4: Based on term 5, maximum transfer = 1
from –to Transfer amount
1 –2 (2–1) 0 (0)
Final Result:
Obtained 2 routes: Route 1 (1-2) and Route 6 (1-3-4)
There is a road network:
HOME WORK
Determine the Public transport route, if:
1. Route not twist
2. Each route should not be connected ( tidak bersinggungan)
7
8
8 6
4
8
6
8
Route 1 = 1, 2, 4 Route 2 = 1, 3, 6 Route 3 = 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 6
Answer
HOME WORK
Bus Station and Bus Stop
Planning
21
In Bus Station planning, the main criteria applied are:
Anticipating the pedestrian movement, which is easily reached from the
surrounding area
Anticipating the movement of bus circulating effectively and efficiently.
Anticipating the needs of transfer quickly and easily
Anticipating the movement of kiss & ride quickly and easily
Making the passenger feel comfortable and safe, either for using bus, leaving bus, or transfer between another bus route
Bus can be picked up and dropped the passenger easily and quickly
Not affect on traffic condition in road network around the area
22
Determine the location of the passenger station viewed on:
General plan layout,
Traffic density and road capacity around the station,
Integration of transport modes both of intramodal and intermodal,
Topography in the location of station
23
Common terms for Bus Stop:
Located along the route of public transport/bus
Located on a pedestrian lane and close with the pedestrian
facilities.
Directed close to the activity center and settlement.
Equipped with direction sign
Do not disturb the traffic flow
24
Bus Stop and Parking area
• In certain places should be provided an integrated bus stop for several routes (shifting passenger place)
• When required, provided parking facilities (park and ride) which are integrated.
• Maximum distance to the pedestrian crossing facilities = 100 meters • Minimum distance of bus stop from the intersection= 50 meters or
depends on the queue length
25
Average stop spacing on BRT in several countries: USA(11) dan Canada (9), Europe (8), Asia (7), dan Australia (2)
Brainstorming
:
Bus Station dan Bus Stop in Singapore
Bus Stop in Singapore
27
MRT station in Singapore
29
Interchange
(bus station)
Priority for bus (mandatory give way)
