• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Korelasi paparan benzene melalui pengukuran kadar trans-trans Muconic Acid (t,t-MA) dengan kadar enzim transaminase dan total protein pada pekerja SPBU Pertamina kota Medan

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Membagikan "Korelasi paparan benzene melalui pengukuran kadar trans-trans Muconic Acid (t,t-MA) dengan kadar enzim transaminase dan total protein pada pekerja SPBU Pertamina kota Medan"

Copied!
8
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

67

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Abd Ellah MR, Okada K, Yasuda J. (2007). Oxidative Stress and Bovine Liver Disease: Role of Gluthatione Peroxidase and Glucose 6- Phosphate

degydrogenase. Jpn.J.Vet. Res.54(4): 163-173

Ahmed N, Dawson M, Smith C, Wood E.2007. Disorder of The Liver, Gall Bladder and Bile Duct: Biology of Disease. P.302. Taylor & Franics Group. UK

Arief. 2006. Radikal Bebas, Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FK Unair /RS Dr. Sutomo, Surabaya.

ATSDR. 2006. Benzene Toxicity, Atlanta: Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry. 2006: 1-16

ATSDR. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Benzene. U.S. Department of Health and Human Service.

ATSDR. 2005. Division of Toxicology and Environment Medicine Departements of Health and Benzene, US Departement of Health and Human Service, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (2007). Threshold limit values and biological indices. Cincinnati, USA

Adeyemi O, Ajayi JO, Olayujin AM, et al(2009). Toxicological ealuation of the effect of water contaminated with lead, phenol and benzene on liver, kidney and colon of Albino rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47, 885-7

Abbot, Liquid Reagents Of ALT, AST, Total Protein, Produktion Vertieb on Chemistry technishen, United Stated, 2009

.

Avril M. (2009). Determination of urinary trans,trans-muconic acid reference values in the general Tunisian population. Ann Biol Clin.67(2): 163-9

(2)

68

Bollati V, Baccarelli A, Hou L, 2007. Changes in DNA Methylation Patterns in Subjects Exposed to low Dose Benzene. Cancer Res. 67: 876-880

Bratton SB, Lau SS, and Monks, TJ. 2000. The putative benzene metabolites 2,3,5 tri(glutathion-S-y)hydroquinone deplets glutathione, stimulates sphingomyelin turnover, and induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Chem. Res. In Toxicol. 13(7):550–556.

Chen M, Chan A. 1999, “China’s “Market Economics in command” Footwear Workers Health in Jeopardy”, International Journal of Health Services, Volume 29, Number 4, Pages 793–811,

Chilcott RP(2007). Toxicological overview. Health Protection Agency, 1-14

Creek MR, Mani V, Voget JS, and Turteltaub KW. 1997. Tissue distribution and macromolecular binding of extremely low dose of [14C]-benzene in B6C3F1 mice. Carcinogenesis 18(12):2421–2427.

Dere E, Ari F. 2009. Effect of benzene on liver functions in rats (rattus norvegius), Environ Monit Asess 154: 23-27

Dere E, Gyborova S, Aydin H (2003). The effect of benzene on serum hormones and the activity of some enzymes in different tissues of rats. Acta Veterinaria(Beograd),53(2), 87-101.

Ducos P. Gaudin R, Bel J, Maire C, Francin JM, Robert A, Wild P. 1992. trans,trans-Muconic acid, a Reliable Biological Indicator for the Detection of Individual Benzene Exposure Down to the PPM Level. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 64(5):309-313.

Direktorat Pemasaran dan Niaga PERTAMINA. Material Safety Data Sheet. Jakarta: PT. PERTAMINA (PERSERO). 2007: 1-9

Egeghy PP, Tornero-Velez R, Rappaport SM 2000. Environmental and Biological Monitoring of Benzene during Self-Service Automobile Refueling. Environ. Health Perspect. 108(12):1195-1202.

(3)

69

Fatonah YI, 2010, Analisis risiko pajanan benzene pada pekerja bengkel sepatu X dikawasan perkampungan industri kecil (PIK) Pulogadung Jakarta Timur FKM Program Pasca Sarjana Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat UI.

Fessenden, R & Fessenden J. 1991. Kimia Organik. Edisi ketiga, Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta.

Gut I, Nedelcheva V, Soucek P, Stopka P., Tichavska B. 1996. Cytochromes P450 in benzene metabolism and involvement of their metabolites and reactive oxygen species in toxicity. Environ Health Persp;104(6):1211-1218.

Guyton A & Hall J. 2002. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran, EGC, Jakarta, 1103-1107

Hamilton, R.J, Phillips,S.D, McCluskey, G.J. 2003, Occupational, Industrial, and Environmental Toxicology, 2nd.ed., Mosby Inc, Pensylvania, U.S.A.

Haryanto B. 2005. Dampak Kesehatan Pencemaran Udara. Urbant Air Quality Improvement Project. Jakarta. Bappenas.

Hedli CC, Hoffmann MJ, Ji S, Thomas PE, Snyder R. 1997, Benzene metabolism in the isolated perfused muose liver. Toxicol.Appl. Pharmacol. 146(1): 60-68.

Hegazy, R. M., & Kamel, H. F. M. (2014). Oxidant Hepatic & / or Haem . Injury on Fuel-Station Workers Exposed to Benzene Vapor , Possible Protection of Antioxidants. American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 4(2), 35–46. doi:10.5923/j.ajmms.20140402.01

Hetiny M, 2011, Karya Tulis Ilmiah Pengaruh Benzene dalam bensin, file:///C:/Users/User /Desktop/ BENZENE/ hetinymuthia% KARYA

ILMIAH PENGARUH BENZENA%20DALAM%20BENSIN.htm.

diakses 13 Desember 2013.

(4)

70

International Programme for Chemical Safety (IPCS). 2000. Principles for Modelling Dose Response for the risk Asseeement of Chemical: Human Exposure Assesment. World Health Organization.

Juan Z, LiHong Y, GeYu L, et al(2010). Detection of CYP2E1, a genetic biomarker of susceptibility to benzene metabolism toxicity in immortal human lymphocytes derived from the han chinese population. Biomed Environ Sci, 24(3),300-309

Kim S, Lan Q, Waidyanatha S, et al(2007). Genetic polymorphisms and benzene metabolism in humans exposed to a wide range of air concentration. Pharmacogenetics and genomics, 17, 789-799

Klein S. Protein-energy malnutrition. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine, 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 222.

Krewski, D.,Snyder, R.,Beatty, P.,Granville G.,Meek B.,Sonawane, B. (2000)Assesing the Health Risk Of Benzena.: A Report On The Benzene State-of The Science Workshop. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues, 61(5-6), 307-338.doi:

Landry DW, Bazari H. Approach to the patient with renal disease. In; Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed.Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2011:chap 116.

Lee E, Im H, Oh E, Jung WW, Kang HS, Sul D. 2005. DNA Damage in T and B Lymphocytes, Bone Marrow, Spleens, and Livers of Rats Exposed to Benzene Inhalation. Inhal Toxicol., 17(7-8):401–408.

Li, G, Wang C, Xin W, Yin S. 1996. Tissue distribution of DNA adducts and their persistence in blood of mice exposed to benzene. Environ. Health. Perspect. 104(6):1337–1338.

Liu J, Drane W, Liu X, and Wu T. 2009. Examination of the Relationships between Environmental Exposures to Volatile Organic Compounds and Biochemical Liver Tests: Apllication of Canonical Correlation Analysis. Environ Res. 109(2):192-199

(5)

71

Lindstrom AB, Yeowell-O’Connell K, Waidyanatha S, Mcdonald TA, Rappaport SM. 1999. Investigation of benzene oxide in bone marrow and other tissue of F344 rats following metabolism of benzene in vitro and vivo. Chem. Biol. Interact. 122:41–58.

Lu CF, Toksikologi Dasar, Ed 2, UI Press, 1995: 206-220

Mahawati E, Suhartono, Nurjazuli. 2006. Hubungan antara kadar fenol dalam urine dengan kadar Hb, Eritrosit, Trombosit dan Leukosit (Studi pada tenaga kerja di industri Karoseri CV Laksana Semarang), J Kesehat. Lingkung. Indones. 5(1).

Maria K, 2012, Validasi metode LC-MS/MS untuk penentuan senyawa asam trans,trans mukonat, asam hippurat, asam 2-metil hippurat, asam 3-hippurat, asam 4-metil hippurat dalam urine sebagai biomarker paparan benzene, toluena dan xilena: skripsi program studi kimia fakultas matematika dan ilmu pengetahuan alam, Universitas Indonesia, Depok.

Mark AD & Reddy GK. 2013, Health consequences among subjects involves in crude oil spill clean-up activities, The amer. Jour. Med. 126(11):966-974.

Material Safety Data Sheet. 2007. Gasoline All Grades. HESS Company.

Melikian AA, Qu Q, Shore R, et al (2002). Personal exposure to different levels of benzene and its relationship to the urinary metabolites S-phenylmercapturic acid and trans,trans-muconic acid. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci,778,211-21

Moran JL, Siegel D, Sum XM, Ross D. 1996. Induction of apoptosis by benzene metabolites in HL60 and CD34+ human bone marrow progenitor cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 50(3):610–615.

National Institure for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH). 2005. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Departement of Health and Human Service. Centers for Diases Control and Prevention. National Institure for Occupational Health and Safety. Cincinnati, USA.

(6)

72

Price SA, Wilson LM, Patologi sel dalam : patofisiologi EGC, Jakarta 1995: 25 - 82

Pudyoko S, 2010 Hubungan Pajanan Benzene Dengan Kadar Fenol Dalam Urine Dan Gangguan Sistem Hematopoitic Pada Pekerja Instalasi BBM, Thesis Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia.

Rappaport SM, Kim S, Lan Q, Li G, Vermeulen R, Waidyanatha S, et al., 2010. Human Benzene Metabolism Following Occupational and Environmental Exposures. Chem Biol Interact. 184(1-2):189-195.

Ramon A, 2007 Analisis Paparan Benzena terhadap profil darah pada pekerja industry Pengolahan Minyak Bumi. Thesis Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia.

Renner T, Baer-Kotzle M, Scherer G, Determination of sorbic acid in urine by gas chromatography-mass Spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography A, 1999;847: 127-133.

Rothman N, Smith MT, Hayes RB, Traver RD, Hoener B, Camplemen S, et al.1997. Benzena Poisoning, a risk Factor For Hematological Malignancy, Is Associated with the NQO1 609 AT Mutation and Rapid Fractional Excretion of Chlorzoxazone. Cancer Research, 57:2839-2842.

Rinsky RA. 1989. Benzene and Leukemia : An Epidemiology risk Asscement. Environmental Health Perspect. 82: 189-191.

Ross, D., Siegel, D., Schattenberg, D. G., Sum, XM, Moran, JL. 1996. Cell-specific activation and detoxification of benzene metabolites in mouse and human bone marrow: Identification of target cells and a potential role for modulation of apoptosis in benzene toxicity. Environ. Health Perspect. 104(6):1177-1182.

(7)

73

Satyawirawan FS, Suryaatmadja M, Pemeriksaan Faal Hati, Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 1983: 20-23.

Seaton MJ, Schlosser PM, Bond JA, et al (1994). Benzene metabolism by human liver microsome in relation to cytochrome P450 2E1 activity. Carcinogenesis, 15(9), 1799-1806

Setyawati AN, 2011, Buku ajar Biokimia Metabolisme Xenobiotik petunjuk untuk mahasiswa kedokteran , bagian biokimia FK UNDIP, Semarang

Shell (1992). Immunosuppression of B6C3F1 female mice following subchronic exposure to benzene from drinking water. U.S Environmental Protection Agency under TSCA Section 8E

Smith JB, Mangkoewidjoyo S, 1988. Pemeliharaan, pembiakan dan penggunaan hewan coba didaerah tropis, UI Press, Jakarta, 1988: 37-57

Snyder R. 2000. Overvieof of the toxicology of benzene. Journal of toxicologyand environmental health, 61,339-346.

Speicher CE, Smith JW. 1996. Pemilihan Uji Laboratorium yang Efektif, EGC, Jakarta 1996: 232-253.

Suramya, W., Nathaniel, R., Guilan, L., Marthyn, T.S., Singnian, Y. and Stephan, M.R. 2004. Rapid determination of six urinary benzene metabolites in occupationally exposed and unexposed subjects. Analytical Biochemistry. 327:184-199.

Szymanska J, 1998, Hepatotoxicity of brominated benzenes : Relationship between Chemical Structure and Hepatotoxic Effects in Acute Intoxication of Mice, Arch Toxicol 72: 97-103

Troester, MA, Lindstrom, A. B., Kupper, L. L., Waidyanatha, S., and Rappaport, SM. 2000. Stability of Hemoglobin and Albumin Adducts of Benzene Oxide and 1,4-, benzoquinone after administration of Benzene to F344 Rats. Toxicol. Sci. 54:88–94.

Tunsaringkarn T, Suwansaksri J, Soogarun S, et al(2011). Genotoxic monitoring and benzene exposure assesment of gasoline station workers in metropolitan bangkok:sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and urinary trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA). Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev ,12,223-227

(8)

74

Vrba J, Modriansky M. (2002) Oxidative Burst of Kupfer Cells: Target for Liver Injury Treatment. Biomed.Papers 146(2), 15-20

Uzma N, Kumar BS, Salar KM (2009). In vitro and in vivo evaluation of toxic effect of benzene on lymphocytes and hepatocytes. The Internet Journal of Toxicology, 6,21-25

Watskins PB. 1990, Role of Cytochrome p450 in Drug Metabolism and Hepatotoxicity, Semin.Liver Dis.10(4):235-250.

Weisel CP (2010). Benzene exposure: an overview of monitoring methods and their findings. Chem Biol Interact, 184,58-66.

World Health Organization (WHO). Biological Monitoring of Chemical Exposure in the Workplace Guidelines, Volume 2, Geneva, 1996.

WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2000, Air Quality Guidelines- Second Edition, Chapter 5.2 Benzene.

Widman FK, Tinjauan Klinis atas Hasil Pemeriksaan Laboratorium, Ed. 9, EGC, Jakarta 1992: 327-329

Young NS & Kaufman DW, 2008, The Epidemiology of Acquired Aplastic Anemia. Haematologica. 93(4):489-492.

Zhang J, Yin LH, Liang GY, Liu R, Fan KH, Pu YP. 2010. Detection of CYP2E1, a genetic biomarker of susceptibility to benzene metabolism toxicity in immortal human lymphocytes derived from the Han Chinese population. Biomed Environ Sci;24(3):300-309.

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Oleh karena Mahsyud Hak itu orang bijaksana dan setia, ia tidak pergi meng- abdikan dirinya kepada raja-raja yang lain.. Baginya, lebih baik mengabdi kepada orang

4) Siswa juga diminta untuk mengidentifkasi unsur kebahasaan teks eksposisi yang telah dibaca (buku siswa halaman 82-83)... 5) Dengan sikap jujur dan tanggung jawab siswa

Bahjatusshibyan pada mata pelajaran matematika di kelas 6 jika menggunakan model pembelajaran tim ahli (jigsaw). Sebab selama ini masih banyak peserta didik yang merasa

4 ESBL adalah enzim yang dapat menyebabkan resistensi terhadap hampir seluruh antibiotik beta laktam, termasuk penisilin, sefalosporin, dan..

Disisi lain, permintaan atas kamar juga cenderung masih turun karena kebijakan pelarangan terhadap lembaga negara untuk melakukan kegiatan di hotel dan situasi ekonomi global yang

Sistem pengereman / brake system yang dipakai pada lokomotif adalah menggunakan sistem pneumatik, sistem ini menggunakan udara sebagai media tekan untuk memindahkan energi

Menyetujui dan mengesahkan Laporan Tahunan Perseroan termasuk Laporan Direksi dan Laporan Tugas Pengawasan Dewan Komisaris Tahun Buku 2016 serta Laporan Keuangan untuk tahun buku

Liabillitas keuangan dihentikan pengakuannya ketika liabilitas yang ditetapkan dalam kontrak dihentikan atau dibatalkan atau kadaluwarsa. Ketika liabilitas keuangan saat ini