ADIC PROCEEDINGS Volume II. Aceh Development International Conference March 2011, UKM, Bangi Malaysia. Supported by:

ADIC 2011 Aceh Development International Conference 26-28 March 2011, UKM, Bangi – Malaysia. PROCEEDINGS Volume II. Supported by:. Pemerintah Aceh. Indonesia Embassy Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. KELAB ACEH Kuala Lumpur. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia National University of Malaysia.

Aceh Development International Conference 2011 Proceedings Volume II Copyright @ ADIC 2011 Organizing Committee All rights reserved Notice In this book, or part thereof, may not reprinted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the ADIC 2011 Organizing Committee. Board of Editors Yusrini Marita (Chief Editor) Faisal Abnisa Muhammad Dayan Muhammadar Rosnina Ghani Darmawati Mukhtar Sukriah. ISBN: 978-967-5742-02-6. Designed by: Faisal Abnisa Email: faisal.abnisa@gmail.com.

Committees Patrons Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Duta Besar Republik Indonesia untuk Malaysia Gubernur Aceh Acheh Kelab Kuala Lumpur Advisors Prof. Emeritus Chamhuri Siwar (UKM-Bangi) Prof. Dr. Kamaruddin M. Said (UKM-Bangi) Prof. Madya Dr. Hamzah Jusoh (UKM-Bangi) Prof. Madya Dr. Abd. Hair Awang (UKM-Bangi) Prof. Dr. Ir. T.M. Indra Mahlia (UM-Kuala Lumpur) Prof. Dr. Merza Abbas (USM-Penang) Prof. Dr. Nazaruddin Sjamsuddin (UI-Jakarta) Prof. Dr. Ir. Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (ITB-Bandung) Prof. Dr. Ir. Yuswar Yunus, MP (Unsyiah-Banda Aceh) Prof. Dr. Syahrizal Abbas (IAIN Ar-Raniry-Banda Aceh) Assoc. Prof. Puan Sri Nila Inangda Manyam Keumala (UM-Kuala Lumpur) Assoc.Prof.Dr. Shabri Abd. Majid (UIA-Gombak) Dr. Iqbal Mochtar (UniKL-Kuala Lumpur) Dr. Syafii (UPM-Serdang) Dr. Syarif Junaidi (UKM-Bangi) Dr. Mustanir Yahya (Unsyiah-Banda Aceh) Dr. Ir. Muhammad Sabri (USU-Medan) Steering Committee (SC) Koordinator Teuku Erwansyah (UKM) Anggota Ketua Badan Kebajikan Pendidikan Mahasiswa Aceh (BAKADMA) UKM Ketua Aceh Student Association (ASA) UM Ketua Tanoeh Aceh Rincoeng Student Association (TARSA) UIA Ketua Persatuan Pelajar Aceh (PPA) UPM Ketua Aceh Student Club (ASC) USM Dandi Bachtiar (UPM), Muhammad Sayuthi Fadhil (UPM), Muhammad Dayyan (UIA), Rahmad Fadhil (UPM), Edi Majuar (UM), M. Azhari M. Syam (UPM), Syamsul Bahri (UM), Hamdani M. Syam (UKM), Zulkifli Daud (UKM), Muhammad Yasar (Ex.Officio).

Organizing Committee (OC) Ketua Muhammad Yasar (UKM) Sekretaris Muhammad Yunus (UKM) Bendahara Khairi (UKM) Sie Pendanaan Koordinator Afri Yordan (UKM) Anggota Syaiful Usman (UKM), Teuku Irwani (UKM), Iskandar (UM), Susinarli (UKM) Sie Publikasi Koordinator Mahatir Rahmany (UKM) Anggota Ibnu Rusyidi (UKM), Risawandi (UKM), Safril Syah (UPM), Azhar (UKM) Sie Tempat dan Transportasi Koordinator Asrillah (UKM) Anggota Khairullah (UKM), Junaidi (UM), Eka Januar (UKM), Rahmawati (UKM), Mulyadi (UIA), Teuku Irawan Satria (UKM), Hamdani (UKM) Sie Konsumsi Koordinator Fera Annisa (UKM) Anggota Lukmanul Hakim (UKM), Zulhilmi (UIA), Agustinawati (UKM), Eka Safitri (UKM), Amalia (UKM), Sri Andayani (UKM), Yenni Muliani (UKM), Eva Murlida (UKM) Sie Registrasi Koordinator Muhammad Fadzil (UKM).

Anggota Afriansyah (USM), Asmawati (UKM), Putri Bintushy (UKM), Mustaqimah (UKM), Miksalmina (UKM), Fitriyani (UM), Syahriza (UM), Iqbal (UM) Sie Seremoni Koordinator Wisdar (UKM) Anggota Kurniawan (UKM), Zainal Abidin (UIA), Husna (UTM), Muhammad (UM), Fajrillah (UKM), Nazaruddin (F.Pend. UKM), Syaiful Nazar (UKM) Sie Seminar Koordinator Muhammad Rifai (UKM) Anggota Muhammad Iqbal (USM), Muhammad Yusuf (UPM), Fahrizal (USM), Munawir (UIA), Rugaya (UKM), Teuku Iqbal Faridiansyah (UTM), Irwan Nurdin (UM), Elviandi (USM), Alfi Andri (UKM) Sie Rekreasi Koordinator Asnawi (UPM) Anggota Bunyamin (UKM), Husni (UKM), Bobi Kamaruzzaman (UIA), Andi Masyuri (UKM) Sie Kesenian Muhammad Zulfakar Bayu (UKM) Anggota Ikhwanul Fitri (UKM), Nurul Ayuni (UKM), Nurhilza (UKM), Intan Kemala Sari (UKM), Ayu Edwina (UKM), Nur Pratiwi (UKM), Meutia Fadhila (UKM), Munawarah (UKM), Rasyidin (UKM), Muhammad Fayadh Ahmad Kamal (UKM), Raja Reza Fahlevi (UKM), Prima Denny Sentia (UKM), Mukhsin (UKM), Rian Irwanda (UKM), Mochamad Reza Assani (UKM), Muhammad Hafiz Hannibal (UKM), Mulyadi Zakaria (UKM), Abdul Basit (UKM). Join Committee: International Association of Aceh Scientists (IAAS) Persatuan Pelajar Indonesia (PPI) UKM Badan Kebajikan Pendidikan Mahasiswa Aceh (BAKADMA) National University of Malaysia Acehnese Student Association (ASA) University of Malaya Tanoeh Aceh Rincoeng Student Association (TARSA) Islamic International University of Malaysia Persatuan Pelajar Aceh (PPA) Universiti Putra Malaysia Aceh Student Club (ASC) University of Science Malaysia.

Keynotes Drh. Irwandi Yusuf, M.Sc (Gubernur Aceh) Dr. Ahmad Farhan Hamid (Wakil Ketua MPR-RI) Prof. Dr. Darni M. Daud, MA (Rektor Unsyiah) Drs. H. Hasbi Abdullah (Ketua DPRA) Tgk. Husin Yusuf, S.Ag (Bupati Aceh Selatan) Ramli. MS (Bupati Aceh Barat) Ir. Mawardy Nurdin, M.Eng (Walikota Banda Aceh).

Sponsors Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureu-eh Library and Center for Arabic and Foreign Languages PT Widuri (M) Sdn.Bhd. PT. Bank Aceh. Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Aceh. Universitas Syiah Kuala. Dinas Perhubungan, Komunikasi Informasi dan Telematika Provinsi Aceh. PLN-Lhokseumawe. IAIN Ar-Raniry. Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Aceh. Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh. Pemerintah Kabupaten Simeulue. Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Selatan.

Welcome Message. Drh. Irwandi Yusuf, M.Sc (Governor of Aceh). Assalaamu’alaikum Warahmatullaahi Wabarakaatuh. Puji syukur ke hadirat Allah SWT, serta shalawat dan salam kita haturkan kepada junjungan kita Nabi Besar Muhammad SAW. Sebelumnya saya mengucapkan terimakasih kepada panitia Aceh Development International Conference (ADIC) 2011 atas inisiatif melahirkan buku yang merupakan prosiding dan kumpulan hasil pemikiran intelektual Aceh di seluruh dunia tentang pembangunan Aceh masa depan. Dari karya tulis dan kegiatan seminar bertema “ Aceh towards 2020” yang berlangsung pada 26-28 Maret 2011 di Kuala Lumpur, menunjukkan kepada saya betapa besarnya perhatian masyarakat Aceh, baik yang ada di Aceh maupun yang tinggal di luar negeri, terhadap tanah kelahirannya. Dukungan masyarakat yang begitu luas semakin mendorong kami untuk bisa lebih kencang memacu proses pembangunan yang saat ini berjalan di Aceh. Alhamdulillah, berkat dukungan rakyat Aceh, perubahan demi perubahan telah terjadi selama proses damai yang berlangsung lima tahun terakhir. Tapi tentu saja perubahan itu belum pada tahap memuaskan. Masih banyak perubahan yang harus kita lakukan lagi. Di sinilah perlunya kebersamaan dari semua komponen masyarakat Aceh, mulai dari kalangan ulama, mahasiswa, akademisi dan kelompok masyarakat sipil lainnya, sehingga Aceh baru yang lebih sejahtera , bisa tercapai. Tema “Aceh towards 2020” merupakan sebuah telaah menarik yang menggoda kita tentang bagaimana sebenarnya Aceh yang kita harapkan pada sembilan tahun mendatang. Melihat tema tersebut, bisa dipahami kalau persoalan yang dibahas dalam seminar ini sangat luas. Bukan hanya masalah pembangunan ekonomi dan investasi, tapi juga membahas tentang dunia pendidikan, penerapan teknologi, syariah Islam, pertanian, pemberdayaan masyarakat, pemberdayaan perempuan, hingga yang lebih spesifik, seperti pembangunan gampong, menjaga perdamaian dan bantuan untuk korban konflik..

Besarnya cakupan yang dibahas memberi ruang kepada seluruh cendekiawan Aceh untuk tampil berbicara dalam forum ADIC ini secara luas. Mereka yang memiliki keahlian di bidang teknologi bisa menjabarkan ide-idenya tentang teknologi masa depan yang bisa mendorong perubahan di tingkat masyarakat, ahli pertanian berkesempatan memberikan kontribusi bidang pembangunan pangan, ahli hukum Islam dapat menyampaikan kajian tentang penegakan syariah Islam masa depan di Bumi Serambi Mekkah, dan banyak lagi bidang lainnya yang akan dibahas oleh putra-putri terbaik Aceh. Begitu luasnya, sehingga bisa saya katakan, seminar ADIC ini merupakan bentuk dari participatory development seluruh komponen dan disiplin ilmu yang dikuasai masyarakat Aceh sekarang ini. Bahwa ada hal yang dikritik tentang proses pembangunan Aceh dewasa ini, tentu itu sangat menyenangkan bagi kami. Pemerintah Aceh yang kami pimpin sangat terbuka dengan kritik. Dengan kritik itu, justru pemahaman kita akan lebih berkembang dan semakin dinamis. Tentu harapan kami, akan lebih baik jika kritik tersebut disertai pula usulan atau rekomendasi, sehingga semangat perubahan bisa terlihat jelas. Aceh adalah milik rakyat Aceh. Di manapun Anda berada, selagi masih berdarah Aceh, memiliki hubungan emosional dengan Aceh, dan peduli dan berpikir positif tentang pembangunan Aceh, maka kontribusi Anda untuk masa depan Aceh, tetap dibutuhkan. Terimakasih. Wassalaamu’alaikum Warahmatullaahi Wabarakaatuh.. Drh. Irwandi Yusuf, M.Sc Gubernur Aceh.

Welcome Message. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Sanusi Junid (President, Aceh Club Kuala Lumpur) Assalaamu’alaikum Warahmatullaahi Wabarakaatuh. In the wake of a long and painful conflict followed by a massive natural disaster in Aceh, the need arose for every responsible Acehnese to systematically think, plan and methodically develop programmes to address all the problems and shortcomings in every aspect of Acehnese lives. The realisation of this need spearheaded a passion which motivated Acehnese students in Malaysia to organize a series of conferences on Aceh development. This conference, Aceh Development International Conference (ADIC) 2011, is a continuation of the successful ADIC 2010 which was held last year at the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor. This year, the conference is taking place at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor. The main objective of the conference is to bring together thinkers, academics and professionals to deliberate and exchange ideas in matters that are of significance for the development and advancement of Aceh. It is hoped that the ideas from the keynote addresses and technical paper presentations will be able to provide a framework of thought for Aceh development in the future. I hope that when the conference organizers present this framework of thought and ideas, whatever be the flavours, to officials within the government of Aceh, it will be included for reference in all forums that deliberate on the development programmes for Aceh. I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to the National University of Malaysia (UKM), International Association of Acehnese Scholars (IAAS), Badan Kebajikan Pendidikan Mahasiswa Aceh, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (BAKADMA-UKM), Acehnese Student Association, Universiti Putra Malaysia (PPA-UPM), Tanoh Rincong Students Association, International Islamic University Malaysia (TARSA-IIUM), Achehnese Student Association, University of Malaya (ASA-UM), Aceh Student Club, Universiti Sains Malaysia (ASC-USM), Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureu-eh Library and Center for Arabic and Foreign Languages (TMDBL-CAFL), Persatuan Ikatan Masyarakat Aceh Malaysia (IMAM), Aceh Club Kuala.

Lumpur, Indonesian Students Association, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPI-UKM), the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia Kuala Lumpur, the Government of Aceh and other organizations involved in making this Aceh Development International Conference possible. We appreciate their determination and contributions in making this conference successful and beneficial. Wassalaamu’alaikum Warahmatullaahi Wabarakaatuh.. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Sanusi Junid, President, Aceh Club Kuala Lumpur..

Welcome Message. Muhammad Yasar (Chairman, ADIC 2011 Organizing Committee) Assalaamu’alaikum Warahmatullaahi Wabarakaatuh. The Acehnese student in Malaysia, Government of Aceh – Indonesia and Aceh Club of Kuala Lumpur, has regularly organized Aceh Development International Conference (ADIC) every year. This year, the ADIC 2011 collaborates with National University of Malaysia. The purpose of this conference is to accommodate a meeting of researchers, experts and observers from different countries who had been researched about Aceh or that have relevance with the concept of development in Aceh’s. Hopefully, the ADIC 2011 is to encourage mutual friendship among researchers from different countries. An important feature of the ADIC 2011 is to contribute positively to encourage the acceleration of development in Aceh as well as useful for development of science and technology. Our sincere thanks should go to all participants, whose efforts and contributions are embodied in the Proceedings. Special thanks for all committees and sponsors. Wassalaamu’alaikum Warahmatullaahi Wabarakaatuh.. Muhammad Yasar Chairman.

Contents Page ADIC-106 Persepsi dan Sikap Masyarakat Aceh Terhadap Penerapan Syariat Islam dalam Berbusana Muslim di Bumi Teuku Umar Kiswanto, Hasanuddin Husin and Darsono. 608-614. ADIC-107 Pemodelan Propagasi Ray-Tracing pada Mobile Communication di Daerah Rural Taufiq. 615-624. ADIC-108 Simulasi Interaksi Ban dan Tanah Pertanian M. Sabri. 625-635. ADIC-109 Web-Based Interactive Multimedia Applications for Children with Learning Disability Didik Dwi Prasetya. 636-641. ADIC-111 Antara Motivasi dan Tantangan Berhenti Merokok (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa di Banda Aceh) Rizanna Rosemary. 642-653. ADIC-112 Attitude of Aceh High School Students Toward the Science and Technology Education A. Halim. ADIC-113 Konsep Sistem Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Banda Aceh Dedi Rianto Rahadi. 654-661. 662-668. ADIC-115 Development of Small and Medium Scale Food Industry: A Strategic Plan to Swift the Rural Economics Growth in Aceh Yodfiatfinda and Hanifah N. Lioe. ADIC-116 Qanun Khalwat dan Penegakan Hukum Syari’at Islam di Aceh Mahdi Abdullah Shihab. 669-678. 679-688.

ADIC-120 Evaluation of Avian Influenza Commercial Vaccine Based on Antibody Response in Laying Hens Darmawi, Ummu Balqis and Muhammad Hambal. 689-693. ADIC-122 The Role of Government in Implementing Integrated System of Education Muhammad Abdurrahman. 694-699. ADIC-123 Truth And Reconciliation Commission in Aceh; A Quest For A Religious, Custom and Local Wisdom Based Approach Muhammad Siddiq. 700-703. ADIC-124 Accumulation of Heavy Metal by Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) from Landfill Soil Suhendrayatna, Muhammad Zaki, Taufiq, Zulkarnain and Elvitriana ADIC-125 Removal of Zinc Ion by Aquatic Plant, Typha latifolia : Preparation for application of heavy metal phytoremediation Elvitriana, Vika Ariani, Jamaluddin, Suhendrayatna and Muhammad Zaki. 704-709. 710-716. ADIC-126 Emisi Gas Buang dari Beberapa Sumber Pencemar Udara di Kota Banda Aceh, Indonesia Muhammad Zaki, Suhendrayatna, Ratnawati and Elvitriana. 717-723. ADIC-128 Uji Bioefikasi Minyak Serai dan Pala Produk Khas Aceh Sebagai Anti Nyamuk Vektor Demam Berdarah Widya Sari and Elita Agustina. 724-729. ADIC-129 Komersialisasi Kecap Ikan Lele (Clarias Sp) “Kecap-IL” Sebagai Diversifikasi Produk Ikan Tawar Hasanuddin Husin, Abdul Malik Ali and Deri Darmawan. ADIC-130 The Role of Waqaf in Acehnese Dayah’s Educational Development Ruslan Razali. 730-737. 738-747. ADIC-131 Implementasi Akad Ijarah Muntahiya Bittamlik pada Produk Baiti Jannati di Bank Muamalat Indonesia Iskandar Ibrahim, Ilhaamie Binti Abdul Ghani Azmi and Azian Bin Madun. 748-757.

ADIC-132 Pemekaran In Aceh: A Way to Development, or to Conflict? Stephan Kitzbichler. 758-766. ADIC-133 Brand Environmental Responsibility and Its Effect On Buyers’ Responses Sulaiman and Saed Armia. ADIC-134 The Role of Customer Delight and Its Effect on Customers’ Response Dana Siswar*, Sulaiman and Muhammad Basyir. 767-773. 774-783. ADIC-135 Pengaruh Konflik di Selatan Filipina Terhadap Hubungan Filipina Dengan Amerika Serikat Sri Muryantini. 784-789. ADIC-136 Goblet Cell Response against Parasitic Disease in Laying Hens Treated With Excretory/Secretory Of Ascaridia Galli L3 Ummu Balqis, Darmawi and Muhammad Hambal. 790-795. ADIC-137 Peningkatan Mutu Abon Ikan Tuna Saputra dengan Metode Quality Function Deployment (Qfd) Syahruzar Kriswanda, Yuli Kusdiarni and Khairina Ar. 796-804. ADIC-138 Uji Preferensi Konsumen Terhadap French Fries Ubi Jalar di Kota Banda Aceh Eva Murlida, Nida El Husna and Yusriana. 805-812. ADIC-142 Pengaruh Penambahan Susu Kedelai Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak Paud Desa Mayang Sari Nagan Raya NAD Kiswanto, Giyanto and Wintah. 813-819. ADIC-143 The Influence of Career Stage and Employment Status on Organizational Commitment Amongst Nurses Shabnam Hamdi and Abu Duad Silong. ADIC-148 The Influence of Residents’ Attributes to Quality of Life In Kuala Lumpur Sepideh Sedaghat Nia, Amir Ghahramanpouri and Mahbob Bin Salim. 820-828. 829-839.

ADIC-149 Peningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Daerah Melalui Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Umaruddin Usman. 840-847. ADIC-151 Konsepsi Pendidikan Islam dalam Pembinaan Adat Budaya Aceh di Kalangan Remaja Maisarah,Burhan Nuddin, Aduwina and Sari Siti Haji. 848-853. ADIC-152 Rekonsiliasi Pasca Konflik di Aceh: Peranan Suruhanjaya Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi (Truth And Reconciliation Commission) Elviandi Bin Rusdy Hasan. ADIC-153 The Role of Strategic Planning in Community Colleges Sayed Mahdi. 854-860. 861-870. ADIC-155 Perilaku Seksual Mahasiswa di Banda Aceh (Studi Pasca Penerapan Qanun No. 14 Tahun 2003 Tentang Khalwat) Susi Nurita, Syamsulhuda, Bm and Priyadi Nugraha. ADIC-156 The Role of Waqf for Environmental Protection in Indonesia Mochammad Arif Budiman. 871-879. 880-889. ADIC-159 Target Pencapaian Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Indonesia 2015: Analisis Melalui Status Kesehatan Aceh Pasca Tsunami 2004 Zakiyah. 890-896. ADIC-160 ADTF Sebagai Peluang Untuk Peningkatan Perekonomian Aceh Masa Depan Muhammad Syathiri. 897-904. ADIC-161 Optimalisasi Amdal (Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan) untuk Mewujudkan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan di Aceh Eliza Eka Nurmala and Suyud Warno Utomo. 905-909. ADIC-162 Strategi Penanggulangan Banjir Sungai Krueng Leubu Kecamatan Makmur, Kabupaten Bireuen Wesli. 910-919.

ADIC-163 Profil Asam Amino Essensial Dalam Beberapa Jenis Makanan untuk Juvenile Kerapu Harimau (E. Fuscoguttatus) yang Dipelihara dalam Keramba Jaring Apung di Aceh Muhammadar, Mazlan Abd Gaffar and Abdullah Samat. ADIC-164 Pengaruh Tarikat Terhadap Pemahaman Keagamaan Masyarakat Aceh Iskandar Budiman. 920-923. 924-935. ADIC-165 Perceptions of 4Ps Toward Travel Agents in Palembang, Indonesia Huam Hon Tat, Rezky Purna Satiti, Thoo Ai Chin, Amran Rasli and Abu Bakar Abd Hamid. 936-942. ADIC-166 Hukuman Pidana Menurut Tajuddin Al-Tarusani (Telaah Kasus Bughat Dalam Kitab Safinat Al-Hukkam Fi Takhlish Al-Khassam) Fauzi Saleh. ADIC-167 Aceh Macro Survey On Reported Health Problem Etania Ranu Andhika and Idaman. 943-952. 953-957. ADIC-168 Rancang Bangun Alat Ukur Volume Tangki Minyak Dalam Liter Dengan Tampilan LCD Berbasis Mikrokontroller AT89S51 Wahyu Fuadi. 958-966. ADIC-170 Analisis Kemampuan Guru SD/MI se-Kota Banda Aceh Pasca Tsunami dalam Merencanakan dan Melaksanakan Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis Inkuiri Wati Oviana and Misbahul Jannah. ADIC-171 The Historical Basis of Aceh Development Mehmet Ozay. 967-975. 976-985. ADIC-172 Inovasi Pendidikan Keusahawanan di Kalangan Perguruan Tinggi dalam Konteks Pembangunan Aceh Nazaruddin Ali Basyah and Teuku Irwani. ADIC-173 Design of Control Loop Pairing in a Wastewater Treatment Plant Hisbullah, Syahiddin Dahlan Said and Azwar. 986-990. 991-998.

ADIC-174 Politik Aceh Selepas MoU Helsinki Rusli Yusuf and Saiful Usman. ADIC-175 Pengekalan Tanah Sawah Sebagai Kawasan Pertanian Berterusan Muhammad Yasar, Chamhuri Siwar and Shaharudin Idrus. 999-1004. 1005-1014. ADIC-176 Teknik Penapisan Data Geomagnet untuk Mendeteksi Keberadaan Bijih Besi di Temangan Kelantan, Malaysia Ibnu Rusydy and Abdul Rahim Samsudin. 1015-1024. ADIC-177 Pengaruh Renstra Buat Sekolah Bagi Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan di Aceh Teuku Irwani T.M. ADIC-178 Phenomena Kebudayaan dan Falsafah Aceh Yusra Habib Abdul Gani. ADIC-179 Konflik Politik Akibat Kepelbagaian Etnik di Negara Dunia Ketiga Rasyidin. 1025-1032. 1033-1038. 1039-1049. ADIC-180 Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Oleoresin dari Limbah Penyulingan Fuli Pala (Extraction And Characterization Of Oleoresin from Waste Of Mace Volatil Oil Distilation) Asmawati. 1050-1054. ADIC-181 Teknik Pembenihan Induk Kerapu Macan (Ephinephelus Fuscogutaftus) dalam Upaya Pengadaan Kebutuhan Benih Kerapu Bagi Pembudidaya di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Junaidi M. Affan dan Muhammadar. ADIC-182 Legal Rights of Indigenous People to the Land Management and Forest Resources in Aceh (A Study on Critical Aspects Of Constitutional) Kurniawan. ADIC-183 Perancangan Dan Aplikasi Alat Pengepres Pliek U Tipe Ulir Mustaqimah, Rini Ariani Basyamfar and Ratna. 1055-1066. 1067-1076. 1077-1082.

ADIC-184 Peranan Indonesia dan Malaysia dalam Rejim Laluan Transit di Selat Melaka Muhammad Nasir, Hamdani and Wan Siti Adibah Wan Dahalan. 1083-1091. ADIC-185 Resistivity Survey for Imaging Ground Water Flow in Behalf of Dumping Site Construction Asrillah. 1092-1100. ADIC-186 Pengaruh Agihan Modal Usaha Zakat Produktif Terhadap Pendapatan Usahawan Asnaf: Kajian di Baitul Mal Aceh Shafwan Bendadeh and Muhammad Dayyan. 1101-1111. ADIC-187 Pelaksanaan Program Pembangunan Ekonomi Masyrakat di Baitul Qiradh Bina Insan Mandiri (Bq-Bima) Banda Aceh Patmawati Haji Ibrahim and Junaidi. 1112-1123. ADIC-188 Kualitas Air dalam Sistem Akuakultur Resirkulasi untuk Budidaya Ikan Lele/Keli (Clarias Batrachus) Rahmat Fadhil, Johari Endan, Farah Saleena Taip and Muhammad Salih Bin Hj. Ja’afar. 1124-1134. ADIC-189 Hubungan Religusitas dan Kecemasan Menghadapi Kematian pada Kelompok Lanjut Usia di Panti Jompo Meuligoe Jroh Naguna Banda Aceh Safrilsyah, Rima Rizka, Jasmadi and Dan Barmawi. 1135-1145. ADIC-190 The Dilemma of the Position of Islamic Law and Its Existence in the Indonesia Legal System Encik Muhammad Fauzan. ADIC-191 Perkembangan Industri Perfileman Tempatan di Aceh Tahun 2000-2010 Muhammad Yunus and Wan Amizah Wan Mahmud. ADIC-192 Development of Tool Database Management System For Laboratory Muhammad Yusuf. 1146-1153. 1154-1159. 1160-1167.

ADIC-193 Isu Penyelesaian Pertikaian Pengguna Perbankan Islam Pasca UU No.48 Tahun 2009 Kekuasaan Kehakiman Ro’fah Setyowati, Sakina Shaik Ahmad Yusoff and Ramziati. ADIC-194 Pemanfaatan Material Alam Aceh Sebagai Media Penjernihan Air Marlina, Khairi, S. Saleha and Murniana. 1168-1177. 1178-1183. ADIC-196 Web Portal Support the Dissemination Information of Bone Anchored Hearing Aids Implant Program – Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center Perspective Wisdar, Riza Sulaiman and Asma Abdullah. 1184-1190. ADIC-197 Numerical Study of Hydrogen Enrichment Effect on Burning Duration of Si Engine Powered by Alternative Fuel Asnawi, N.M. Adam, B.B. Sahari and N.A. Aziz. 1191-1200. ADIC-199 A Study on Illumination Normalization Methods for Autonomous Robot Vision Doli Anggia Harahap, Anton Satria Prabuwono and Risawandi. ADIC-200 Prospek Ikan Olahan di Aceh Marlina, Mustanir, Elly Sufriadi and Muhammad Yani. 1201-1206. 1207-1211. ADIC-201 Market-Based or Bank-Based Financial System Drives the Economic Growth? Evidence from Indonesia Darmawati Muchtar and Hanandewa. 1212-1221.

Aceh Development International Conference 2011 26 – 28 March 2011 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi – Malaysia Conference homepage: www.adic2011.yolasite.com. ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METAL BY VETIVER GRASS (VETIVERIA ZIZANIOIDES) FROM LANDFILL SOIL 1*. 1. 1. 1. 2. Suhendrayatna , Muhammad Zaki , Taufiq , Zulkarnain , Elvitriana 1. Department Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University Jalan Tgk. Abdurrauf No. 7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Serambi Mekkah Jalan Universitas Muhammadyah No. 46, Batoh, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. * Email: suhendrayatna@unsyiah.ac.id. Abstract In the present study, vetiver grass (V. zizanioides) was studied for its potentials use in the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil from Laweung landfill site, Pidie District. In the pot experiment, two stems of V. zizanioides were planted in heavy metal contaminated soil and their growth were observed every week. Control media (uncontaminated soil) was also prepared. Heavy metal accumulated by plant and its distribution in roots, leaves, and soil were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Shimadzu AA 6300 after digestion by wet digestion method (HNO3:HCl=1:3). Results showed that V. zizanioides was able to grow in highly contaminated soil. When V. zizanioides cultivated in the soil contaminated heavy metals, the accumulation of metals ion increased significantly with increasing of time and significantly retention of metals ion in the soil layer decreased. The accumulation of metals ion conducted in roots from the rhizosphere of soil, and translocated from roots to shoots and leaves. The highest accumulation of metals ion occurred in root compared to leaf. These results reached to conclusion that V. zizanioides has a potential for the heavy metals phytoremediation application and seem to be effective to remove metals ion from soil layer. Keywords: phytoremediation, V. zizanioides, heavy metals, accumulation. Introduction Contamination of heavy metal in soils is one of the world’s major environmental problems, posing significant risks to human health as well as to ecosystems that is still in need of an effective and affordable technological solution [1]. The basic idea that plants can be used for environmental remediation is very old and cannot be traced to any particular source; however, a series of fascinating scientific discoveries combined with an interdisciplinary research approach have allowed the development of this idea into a promising environmental technology called phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is defined as the use of green plants to remove pollutants from the environment or to render them harmless. Phytoremediation is being developed as a potential remediation solution for thousands of contaminated sites. In Indonesia, there are many landfill site that contaminated by heavy metals and the areas become larger and larger. Economically there is an urgency to decontaminate or re-vegetate the landfill soil in order to improve environment. Although there are many methods used to treat them, most of them are either expensive or impossible to carry out, as the volume of contaminated material is very large. Therefore, a more economical and. 704.

practical approach is urgently needed at present, especially for the developing countries. Recently, phytoremediation, using plants to remove metal pollutants from contaminated soils, is being developed as a new method for the remediation of contaminated land. This environmentally friendly, cost effective and plant-based technology is expected to have significant economic, aesthetic, and technical advantages over traditional engineering techniques [2,3,4]. Because heavy metals in soils are generally bound to organic and inorganic soil constituents, or alternatively, present as insoluble precipitates, a large proportion of metal contaminants are unavailable for root uptake by field-grown plants [5]. Methods of increasing heavy metal contaminants’ bioavailability in soil and its transport to plant shoots are vital to the success of phytoremediation in the field [6]. There is a wealthy of evidence to show that vetiver grass is highly tolerant to the hostile soil conditions and widely used as a natural, effective, and low-cost alternative mean to vegetate the heavy metal-contaminated lands [7]. Vetiver grass (V. zizanioides) is a tall (1–2 m), perennial tussock grass and fast-growing. It has a long (3–4 m), massive and complex root system, which can penetrate to the deeper layers of the soil. Owing to its unique morphological, physiological and ecological characteristics such as its massive and deep root system, and its tolerance to a wide range of adverse climatic and edaphic conditions, including elevated heavy metals, the interest in this grass has increased in recent years [8]. In Australia, vetiver grass has been used successfully to stabilize highly saline, alkaline (pH 9.5) coal mined land, and highly acidic (pH 2.7) gold mined land. Pang et al. (2003) have investigated the physiological responses of vetiver grass to Pb, Zn, and Cu [9]. The aim of this paper is to investigate the accumulation and responses of vetiver grass (V. zizanioides) to heavy metals and its potentials use in the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals. The experiments were carried out in greenhouse, where vetiver plants were grown in soil contaminated with heavy metals from Laweung landfill site in Pidie District.. Materials and methods Soil preparation. Soil was collected from the 0 to 30 cm surface layer of Laweung landfill site in a suburban area of Pidie, Aceh Province (N.04038’127”; E.96037’374”0. The soil was air-dried, crushed to pass through a 4 mm diameter sieve, and mixed thoroughly. Uncontaminated soil as control media was collected from a vegetable garden in a suburban area of Laweung. The heavy metals contained in both soils were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Shimadzu AA 6300 after digestion by wet digestion method (HNO3:HCl=1:3) and presented in Table 1.. No 1 2 3 4. TABLE 1. Heavy metals concentration in landfill soil and soil for control media. Concentration (mg/kg dry-weight) Metals Landfil Soil Soil for Control Media Fe 50139,52 57,4 Mn 792,95 5,6 Cu 273,58 tr Zn 1296,62 tr. Note : tr = trace. Planting vetiver grass. The soil samples (7 kg) were placed in plastic pots (20 cm diameter 30 cm height). The moisture level of the soil was maintained to near field 705.

water capacity (35.6%) and equilibrated for four weeks. The seedlings of vetiver grass (V. zizanioides) were selected and pruned (the shoots were originally 20 cm high and the roots 8 cm long), and then transplanted into the pots in August 2009. The pots were watered daily to 60% of the field water capacity. The pots for experiment were prepared in two pots that contain of heavy metals contaminated soil from landfill and uncontaminated soil from a vegetable garden in a suburban area of Laweung as a control pot. Plant sampling and analysis. Every the 7th day during cultivation, the vetiver shoots (above 20 cm from the node) were cut, washed with tap water and then with distilled water. The vetiver seedlings were carefully moved from the pots, washed in tap water, and the root samples (below 8 cm from the node) were cut (so to remain living seedlings for reproduction). The snipped roots were gently washed using a brush pen for removing the remained soil particles, then soaked in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 for 30 minutes and subsequently washed with distilled water 3 times. The shoot and root samples were dried at 70 oC for 72 h, and then were milled in a coffee mill (Philips HR 2125). The plant materials were acid-digested with a mixture of HNO3/HCl (1:3 v/v) for elemental analysis with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Shimadzu AA 6300. The growth of plant was also measured by calculate the increasing of length of plant in cm.. Results and Discussions Influence of heavy metals contaminated soil to the growth of V. zizanioides. In the pot experiment, the V. zizanioides grew well, and there were no visual signs of phytotoxicity in any of the treatments during the first 6 weeks after transplanting (Fig. 1). During this transplanting period, there has not seen any significant differences in growth of plant in the treatment media and control media which has growth 46 cm and 44 cm, respectively. This was probably caused because the plants still have nutrients in their bodies to grow and still in an adjustment phase with new growth media removed from media after acclimatization. After long transplanting period, the growth of plants in treatment media and control media became the differences. The increasing of length of plants reached 92 cm in treatment media and 73 cm in the control media. These results showed that V. zizanioides is able to grow in highly contaminated soil.. Fig. 1. Influence of heavy metals contaminated soil to growth of V. zizanioides. 706.

Accumulation of heavy metals by vetiver in pot experiment. Fig. 2 and 3 depicts the heavy metals accumulation patterns of the vetiver grown in the heavy metals contaminated soil, the root and leaf heavy metals concentrations increased significantly with increasing time. The accumulation rate of Fe in root and leaves was higher than others heavy metal (Mn, Cu, and Zn), while Cu reached the lowest accumulation rate. The highest accumulation in root was found after the transplanting time of 4 months, Fe = 8537.19 mg/kg-DW, Mn = 209.67 mg/kg-DW, Cu = 48.21 mg/kg-DW, and Zn = 392.47 mg/kg-DW, respectively. Heavy metals in the roots accounted for the majority of the heavy metals in the plant. The translocation of Cu from roots to shoots was low (Fig. 2 and 3). Fe was found maximum accumulated in leaves. The accumulation of heavy metals by vetiver in leaves found Fe = 2457.59 mg/kg-DW, Zn = 95.65 mg/kg-DW, Mn = 44.13 mg/kg-DW, and Cu = 24.89 mg/kgDW, respectively. These results indicated that heavy metals accumulation increased significantly with increasing time and the heavy metals accumulation conducted in vetiver roots from the rhizosphere of the soil, and translocated from roots to shoots and leaves.. Fig. 2. Accumulation of heavy metals in root of V. zizanioides. Fig. 3. Accumulation of heavy metals in leaves of V. zizanioides Retention of metals in soil after treatment. Fig. 4 depicts the retention of heavy metals patterns in soil after vetiver grown in the heavy metals contaminated soil, 707.

retention of metals ion in soil decreased significantly with the increasing of time up to four months cultivation. The uptake of metals ion through the root and leaves caused the decreasing of metals ion in soil layer. The shoot metal concentration of plants can partially reflect the efficiency of plants in the remediation of soil heavy metals. Thus, the ratio of shoot metal concentration to total soil metal concentration can also partially reflect the ability of plants to absorb soil heavy metals and transport them to shoots. Such a ratio was proposed by many researchers [10,11]. Baker et al., 1994 [10] defined the accumulation factor by dividing shoot concentration to total soil metal concentration, and Dahmani-Muller et al., 2001[11] using the term of bioaccumulation factor (BF) defined it as metal concentration in shoots versus initial metal concentration in substrates. These results indicated that vetiver accumulated heavy metals and significantly decreased the retention of metals ion in the soil.. Fig. 4. Retention of heavy metals in soil after treatment Conclusions These results reached to conclusion that V. zizanioides is able to grow in highly contaminated soil. When V. zizanioides cultivated in the soil contaminated metals ion, the accumulation of metals ion increased significantly with increasing of time and significantly retention of metals ion in the soil layer decreased. The accumulation of metals ion conducted in roots from the rhizosphere of soil, and translocated from roots to shoots and leaves. The highest accumulation of metals ion occurred in root compared to leaf. Based on these findings, V. zizanioides has a potential for the heavy metals phytoremediation application and seem to be effective to remove metals ion from soil layer.. References [1] Y. Chen, Z. Shena, and X. Li, The use of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals, Applied Geochem. 19(2004), 1553–1565. [2] A.J.M., Baker, S.P. McGrath, C.M.D. Sidoli, and R.D. Reeves, The possibility of in-situ heavy-metal decontamination of polluted soils using crops of metal-accumulating plants. Res. Conserv. Recycl. 11(1994), 41–49. [3] D.E. Salt, R.D. Smith, and I. Raskin, Phytoremediation, Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 49(1998), 643–668. 708.

[4] C. Garbisu, and I. Alkorta, Phytoextraction: a cost-effective plant-based technology for the removal of metals from the environment. Bioresource Technol. 77(2001), 229–236. [5] I. Raskin, P.B.A.N. Kumar, S. Dushenkoy, and D.E. Salt, Bioconcentration of heavy metals by plants. Curr. Opin. Biotech. 5(1994), 285–290. [6] W.H.O. Ernst, Bioavailability of heavy metals and decontamination of soils by plants. Appl. Geochem. 11(1996), 163–167. [7] P.N. Truong, Vetiver grass for land rehabilization. In: Proceedings of the First International Vetiver Conferences, Thailand. (1996), 49–56. [8] P.N. Truong, Vetiver grass technology for environmental protection. In: The 2nd Int. Vetiver Conf.: Vetiver and the Environment. (2000). [9] J. Pang, G.S.Y. Chan, J. Zhang, J. Liang, and H.M. Wong, 2003. Physiological aspects of vetiver grass for rehabilitation in abandoned metalliferous mine waste. Chemosphere, 52(2003), 1559–1570. [10] A.J.M. Baker, S.P. McGrath, C.M.D. Sidoli, and R.D. Reeves, The possibility of in-situ heavy-metal decontamination of polluted soils using crops of metal-accumulating plants. Res. Conserv. Recycl. 11(1994), 41–49. [11] H. van O. Dahmani-Muller, M. Balabane, Metal extraction by Arabidopsis halleri grown on an unpolluted soil amended with various metal-bearing solids: a pot experiment. Environ. Pollut. 114(2001), 77–84.. Suhendrayatna obtained his PhD degree in Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Kagoshima University, Japan in 2001 and is a lecturer at Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia.. Elvitriana obtained her Master degree in Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Kagoshima University, Japan in 2000 and is a lecturer at Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Serambi Mekkah, Indonesia.. Muhammad Zaki obtained his PhD degree in Chemical Engineering and Process at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia in 2006 and is a lecturer at Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia.. 709.