A SOCIO PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS
ON DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES OF ORPHAN
MOVIE MANUSCRIPT
PUBLICATION ARTICLE
Submitted As Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
DWI SUSILOWATI
A 320 080 095
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
A SOCIO PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS
ON DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES OF ORPHAN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT
Dwi Susilowati
Maryadi
Siti Zuhriah
English Department, FKIP-UMS
Jl. A. Yani Pabelan Kartasura Tromol Pos 1 Surakarta 57102
Telp. (0271) 717417 Fax. (0271) 715448
ABSTRACT
This article represents the result summary describing the speaker’s intention, linguistic forms and the reason of speaker in the directive utterances
which is included in a movie manuscript entitled ORPHAN. The type of this
article is descriptive qualitative. The data source is horror movie manuscript,
ORPHAN. The technique of collecting data is documentation and the technique of
analyzing data is descriptive technique.
The result of this article finds the speaker’s intentions, the linguistic forms and reasons of using directive utterances. First, for the intention of the
speaker, the writer finds command, request, suggestion and warning. Second, the
writer finds three types of linguistic form. There are declarative sentences,
imperative sentences, and interrogative sentences. Third, for the reason of using
directive utterances, the writer finds showing anger, showing advice, showing
order, showing softening utterance and showing forbid.
Keywords : Socio-Pragmatics, directive utterances, intention, linguistic form,
reason.
A.Introduction
In general, people sometimes get someone to express what they want or
refrain something by uttering a certain utterance in their daily conversation, such
when they give the utterance as the direction. They use directive utterance as the
result or product of communication. Directive utterance is the kinds of speech
something from performing and acting (Kreidler, 1998: 189). People use this
directive utterance everyday. It can be used by people in many ways. They use
different linguistic from in expressing directive utterance. It can be declarative,
interogative and imperative. Beside that, the directive utterances also have different meaning or speaker’s intention. People may order, advise, request, command, suggest , invite, insist etc.
The writer finds the phenomena dealing with such directive utterances
in the movie of Orphan . The movie centers on a couple who, after the death of
their unborn child, adopt a mysterious nine – years old girl. That is about Kate
and John Coleman are rebuilding their troubled marriage. Kate had a drinking
problem, but is in therapy and is doing well. She has been sober for one year.
The couple decides to adopt a child. When they meet the nine-year-old Russian
girl, Esther, at the St. Marina Orphanage, they immediately fall in love with the
well-educated orphan. Their young son, Daniel, is hostile to his new sister; but
their deaf-mute daughter, little Max, is enchanted with her - at first. Eventually,
Kate begins to feel that Esther is manipulative and possibly even psychologically
disturbed. John refuses to listen to his wife's misgivings, and the wounds in their
marriage reopen. Kate calls Sister Abigail at the orphanage, and the nun informs
her that Esther has a troubled and mysterious history. Kate delves further into
Esther's past and discovers she is not at all who she pretends to be.
(http://www.imdb.com)
The writer is interested to analyze directive utterances because some
reasons. First, there are many directive utterances in this movie manuscript
which may be has intended certain message. Second, Directive utterance is used
by the speaker in many manner whether in the real life or in the movie. Third,
the writer chooses the case of directive utterance because it is interesting to
know how people give order or request to other people. Moreover, the analysis
of the data is based on the socio-pragmatic approach. Socio-pragmatic covers an
analysis of the speech act in relation to social situation and social function of
language seem to motivate linguistic details. Besides, the data sources are taken
The problem statement of this research are ; firstly, what are the intentions
of directive utterances found in ORPHAN movie manuscript. Secondly, what are
the linguistic form of directive utterances found in ORPHAN Movie manuscript
and the last is what are the reason of speaker employing the directive utterance.
The objective of the study is describing the intentions of directive
utterances found in ORPHAN movie manuscript, classifying and describing the
linguistic forms of the directive utterances found in ORPHAN movie manuscript
and Describing the reasons of speaker in employing the directive utterances
found in ORPHAN movie manuscript. The benefits expected from the research
are: (1) based on practical benefit; first, for the English student; this research
will encourage the students to understand the directive utterances used in
ORPHAN movie manuscript. For the English lecturer or teacher, the writer
hopes that this research will encourage the teachers/lecturers to enable them
teaching directive utterances used in ORPHAN movie manuscript. Then, for the
other researcher, this study is hoped can enrich experience and knowledge of
another researchers who are interested in analyzing directive utterances used in
ORPHAN movie manuscript. (2) Based on practical benefits, there are three
benefits; Firstly, the writer expects that this research will give contribution to
develop of socio-pragmatics field particularly on employing of speech act
theory. Secondly, The writer expects that this research will give more
contribution to develop of socio-pragmatics mainly in understanding of sentence
forms of the directive utterances in movie manuscript. Then thirdly, The writer
expects that this research will give more contribution for developing the
knowledge of socio-pragmatics by knowing and understanding how employing
the SPEAKING theory.
B. Research Method
In this part, the researcher presents five points of research method. The
first is type of the study. The types of this study is descriptive qualitative
research. The uses descriptive qualitative because this research will be
conducted by the writer to describe the syntactic forms of directive utterances
utterances found in ORPHAN movie manuscript, and to describe the reason of
the speaker employing directive utterances. The second is object of the research.
The object of this research is directive utterance found in ORPHAN movie
manuscript. The third is data and data source. The data in this research are
utterances that containing directive utterances in which belonging to command,
request, warning and suggestion which in the form of printed material.
Meanwhile, the data source of this research is taken from ORPHAN movie
manuscript. The writer chooses the movie manuscript as the research data or
data sources because the manuscript commonly provide conversations which
contain directive utterances in which it primarly asking someone to do act
something. Moreover, this movie also reflect the social life in a family.
The fourth is technique of collecting data, such as reading and
understanding deeply ORPHAN movie manuscript towards the source of data,
watching ORPHAN movie for further understanding, selecting and underlying
the utterances in which belong to directive utterances found in the ORPHAN
movie manuscript, rewriting all the utterances (data) containing directive
utterances which have selected from the data source into note book, and coding
the data which containing directive utterance to make easy confirming to the
data source. The coding of data the writer uses certain system. For example :
001/DU/R ( 001 : Number of data, DU: Directive Utterance, R: Request, S:
Suggestion, C: Command, W: Warning).
The fifth is technique of analyzing data. The step of analyzing data by
describing and clarifying the intended message or the intentions of the directive
utterance engaged in movie manuscript by using speech act theory in which
determinng Locution, Illocution and Prelocution act;Identifying the language
forms of directive utterances act whether in word, phrase, clause or sentence
form which found in ORPHAN movie manuscript; Describing and
determining the reason of the speaker employing directive utterances used
SPEAKING Formula of Hymes; and drawing conclusion based on the data
C.Data Analysis and Discussion
This section deals with data analysis and discussion. The writer
concerns analysis the meaning of directive utterance using the speech act theory to find out the speaker’s intention for the begining. Secondly, describing the syntactic forms of directive utterances. Thirdly, the writer
analysis dealing with the reason by applying the Ethnography communication
or SPEAKING theory.
1. Data Analysis
a. Speaker’s Intention of Directive Utterance
1) Command
Command is the act of getting someone to do something. Command is
usually a sentence with an imperative verb. The speaker who has high
authority or social class is more effective to use a command. In other words, it
is effectively if the speaker has ssome degrees of control over the action of the
hearer.
006/DU/C
EXT. COLEMAN RESIDENCE - DAY
Max is playing basketball in the driveway, but the ball's too big for her
and the hoop's too.high. Every time she tries to shoot, the ball falls short and
BANGS against the house.
Kate opens-the door, angrily signing as she speaks:
KATE : Stop banging that against the house!
I'm trying-to work.
The underlined sentence above is command which can be explained
based on the locution, illocuton and perlocution.
Locution : The mother as the speaker said to her daughter as the addressee to
stop banging that againts the house.
Illocution : Because it is uttered by a mother to her daughter, so the intention of
the mother in order that Max stoped for playing basket ball because
Prelocution: Max stops banging that against the house while frightened.
Based on the explanation above, the utterance which is uttered by the
speaker (Kate) is categorized as a command, because the speaker has high
authority than the addresee and because it contains an imperative verb.
2) Request
Request is an expression in which the speaker wants to do or refrain from doing. A request doesn’t assume the speaker’s control over the person addressed.
008/DU/R
INT. MAX'S BEDROOM -- NIGHT
Kate tucks Max into bed.
MAX : READ ME A STORY.
KATE : One story. Then bedtime. Okay?
Max nods. happily and picks up a book from her nightstand. Kate
groans inwardly when she sees what it is. It'.s called. "We were
Going To Have A Baby, .But We Had An Angel Instead."
KATE : You want to hear about the baby again?
Max nods. Kate hesitates, then gives Max a sad smile.
The underlined sentence above is request which can be explained based
on the locution, illocuton and perlocution.
Locution: Max as the speaker said to her mother, Kate, as the addressee to read
her a story.
Illocution :Because it is uttered by Max to her mother, Kate. So, the intention of
Max is merelly requesting in order to her mother can entertain and
accompany her before sleeping.
Prelocution:Kate refuses to read it early because it has been read repeatedly.
But Max really wants it, then Kate read it to Max with promise
merely once. Finally, Max slept some minutes later.
Based on the explanation above, the utterance which is uttered by the
(a daughter) than the addresee (a mother). Besides that, it also contain an
imperative verb.
3) Suggestion
Suggestion is the utterance in which we make the other persons to give
opinion what they should or should not do. The following expression such as
suggest, advice, recommend and caution.
010/DU/S
INT.-LAWYER'S OFFICE -- DAY
Kate and John are being interviewed by a FEMALE LAWYER.
LAWYER : Are you both employed?
JOHN : I'm-an architect at a firm in the city.
The Lawyer turns to Kate. Kate hesitates.
KATE : I used to teach music at Yale. I haven't worked for about a
year.
LAWYER : (a beat, considering)You're sure you want an older child? - -
LAWYER : With your background, you could have anewborn in as little
as a year.
JOHN :We've'already waited a.long time.We'd lake a child asquickly
as possible.
LAWYER :Well, 'getting an older child-As definitely quicker, not to
mention cheaper, but- there's a reason for that. These kids-
have seriousbehavioral problems.'
JOHN : We've already signed up for special- needs-'adoption classes.
Trust me, we're ready for anything.
LAWYER : You must have a lot of love to give. Are you looking for a
boy or a girl?
KATE : (SMILES)A girl. We'd like a little girl.- - -
The underlined sentence above is suggestion which can be explained
based on the locution, illocuton and perlocution.
Locution : The speaker, Lawyersaid to Kate and John as the addressees that
Illocution : They wanted to have a child again, then she and her husband
consulted to lawyer how if they adopt a child. And the lawyer
suggested to them that they must had a lot of love to give if they want
to adopt an older child. Because it is uttered by a lawyer to Kate and John,especially by employing the word “Must”. So, the intention of the lawyer is suggesting to think again or remind them if they want to
adopt an older child remind the condition of their family.
Prelocution:Kate and John discuss again, and they decide to adopt a child
remind Kate really need it.
Based on the explanation above, the utterance which uttered by the
speaker is categorized as suggestion, because the speaker shows his opinion to
addressee as her suggestion. The lawyer suggest Kate and John as the client to
give alot of love if they want to adopt an older child, and they accepted.
According to this condition, it is more effective for the speaker to use suggestion
to experess what she wants to the addressee.
4) Warning
Warn is the speaker’s utterances to tell or to inform the addresse about danger (Leech, 1975: 47). In other word, it is giving notice or intimidation to someone of danger in the future. Warning may use predicate “warn”, but sometimes sentences just have intention that show warn other such the
following utterance that taking of ORPHAN movie manuscript below:
040/DU/W
INT. MAX'S BEDROOM - DAY
Esther and Max are giggling and playing dress-up. Clothes are strewn
everywhere. They're both trying to look grown-up. They're even wearing
makeup -- heavy mascara and pink, painted cheeks. Daniel walks by and sees
Max putting on lipstick. He takes it away from her.
DANIEL : Hey, you're not allowed to wear makeup.
Does mom know you have this?
DANIEL : Make me.
ESTHER: Give it back or I'll tell Daddy, that you hit her and then you'll be
in trouble.
Max smiles. Daniel-scowls at Esther, then gives Max the lipstick.
He leaves. Max gives Esther a hug. Best friends forever.
The underlined sentence above is warn utterances which can be
explained based on the locution, illocuton and perlocution.
Locution : The speaker, Esther said to Daniel as the addressee to give the
lipstick back or Esther would tell Daddy that Daniel hit Max and
then Daniel would be in trouble..
Illocution :Kate and Max were playing in bedroom together. They tried to use
make up. Esther took a lipstick, and showed to Max how to use it. Daniel saw it, then tried to take it from Esther’s hold. Daniel warned to say it to Mother, Esther was afraid. So, Esther warned
back to Daniel. Because it is uttered by a sister to her brother. So,
the intention of the sister above is warning in order to Daniel give
the lipstick back or she will tell the truth to Deddy that Daniel has
hurt Max.
Prelocution:Daniel gives back the lipstic angrily, then he leaves them in
bedroom. After that Max gives a big hug to Esther for saying
thanks.
Based on the explanation above, the utterance which uttered by the
speaker is categorized as warn, because the speaker showsa notice or
intimidation to addressee of danger that if Daniel still wants to tell mother about
the lipstict, Esther will tell to Daddy, if he had hurt Max.
b. Linguistic Form of Directive Utterances
This analysis is about the language form of the directive uttrances. There
are three kinds of language forms in directive utterances : declarative, imperative
and interogative sentence. The writer uses the theory of language form for
1)
Declarative Sentences 008/DU/RINT. MAX'S BEDROOM -- NIGHT
Kate tucks Max into bed.
MAX : READ ME A STORY.
The directive utterance above belongs to the declarative sentence. The
sentence above is begun with the word you functioned as common noun as the
subject of the sentence but it is not written. Then followed the word read as the
verb functioneded as the predicate of the sentence. The word me as common
noun functioneded as the indirect object of the sentence. Meanwhile the word
a as the definite article and the word story as common noun both becomes
noun phrase functioneds as the direct object of the sentence.
The pattern of directive utterance above is :
(You) read me a story
S P IO DO
1) Imperative Sentence
006/DU/C
'EXT. COLEMAN RESIDENCE - DAY
Max is playing basketball in the driveway, but the ball's too big for her
and the hoop's too.high. Every time she tries to shofot, the ball falls short and
BANGS against the house.
Kate opens-the door, angrily signing as she speaks:
KATE : Stop banging that against the house!
I'm trying-to work..
The directive utterance above belongs to the imperative sentence because
it used the end sentence expressing high degree of anger or strong emotion. It
intends to give command. Usually, It ends with the exlamation mark. The
sentence above is begun the word You as pronoun functioned as the subject of
stopbangingfunctioned as predicate of the sentence. Next followed the noun
clause that against the house in which ed as object of this sentence
The pattern of directive utterance above is :
2) Interrogative Sentence
028/DU/R
INT. MAX'S BEDROOM -- DAY
HODGEPODGE is a hamster. Esther kneels in front of his cage for a
closer look. Kate stands behind her. Max beams proudly.
KATE : Max. takes care of him all bir herself.
It's her big girl responsibility.
ESTHER : Aaaww,-can I pet him?
KATE : Sure. But you have to promise not to- let him out of his. cage
.unless- Momy orDaddy is,here to hold him.
The directive utterance above belongs to intterogative sentence because it
usually ends with the question mark. It is started by modal auxiliary verb “can”as the question marker. Then followed the word I as pronoun functioned as subject. Next, the word pet as verb functioned as predicate of the sentence.
whereas, the word him as pronoun functioned as object of the sentence.
The pattern of the directive utterance above is :
c. Reason of Directive Utterance
This analysis is focusing on the reason of using directive uttereance in
ORPHAN movie manuscript. To analyze the reason, the writer uses the
SPEAKING formula in analyzing the data. Meanwhile, the elements of (You) Stop banging that against the house !
S P O
Can I pet him?
SPEAKING formula such as: setting time and place, participant, the end of the
utterance, act sequence, the key, the instrumentality, the norm and genre.
Based on the result from the data analysis by using the SPEAKING
elements. Thus, the writer can find the reason such as showing anger, showing
advice, showing/giving order, showing attention/care and showing forbid.
1) Showing Anger
The first reason of using directive utterance is showing anger. In showing anger, the speaker seem dislike with the listener’s behaviour, act, or words. even for expressing the angBer, the speaker sometimes commits an action that
made the listener can feel her/his anger or even frightened.
038/DU/C
INT. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL - HALLWAY - DAY
Between classes, crowded with KIDS.,. Esther clutches her books to her
chest. Daniel and Trovor are walking the other way and as they pass, Daniel
dumps Esther's books. Trevor laughs. Esther glares at'Daniel and kneels to
pick up her books, bitt the kids walking by purposefully kick them, laughing
faces leering down at her. She gathers her books, but one of them is missing.
She looks around. Spots it.
Esther's Bible lies on the floor at Someone's feet. A hand reaches down. and
picks it up. It's Brenda.
BRENDA : Is this a Bible?
ESTHER : Give it back to me.
The underlined sentence above refers to showing anger which can be
explained based on SPEAKING formula such as setting of place and time,
participant, the end of the utterance, act sequence, the key, the instrumentality,
the norm and genre.
The setting of place located in Elementary School where Esther and
Daniel studied. It is exactly in the hallway when Esther wants to her class and
the setting of time in a day of brightly of day. And the setting of scene is
speaker of directive, Brenda as the addressee of directive. Brenda is Esther’s
classmate, but Esther dislike Brenda because Brenda always mock her since
their first meeting in class, it may because Esther’s appearance and her
behaviour. So, the relation between them that they are hate each other. The
end of uttering utterance, Esther clutches her books to her chest , then Daniel walks passing her and dumps Esther’s book. Esther wants to pick up her Bible, but instead it falled near someone’s feet that is Brenda. Brenda picks it up. Esther ask for her book back but Brenda does not want to give it. Then Esther
give a command to Brenda to give the Bible back. So the end of utterance is
because the Bible is a precious thing for her life,and nobody can take it from
her therefore she wanted to ask it back. Viewed from the act sequence, from
the utterance of Esther that said ”Give it back to me!”, the speaker can see that
the speaker (Esther) said it angrily.
Observed from key, its key is seriously and underestimate. Looked at
the channel of instrumentality of communication, it is consisting of the channel
in oral communication, they speak face to face. Then, from the norm Esther
sound behaves impolite. The last, viewed from the genre, it is the fom of direct
speech and it belongs to the directive utterance in command form.
Based on the explanation above, the writer can conclude that this
utterance which is uttered by the speaker has reason as showing anger. After
analysing that eight element, the writer analyzes the elements in which more
influenced the speaker has reason as showing anger. they are: first, it can be
seen from participant element; maybe because of the status of participant be
enemies each other so there is a reason to show anger. Second, it can be seen
from setting element; maybe the setting of place where it is crowded and noisy
can influence the speaker has reason to show anger because Esther does not
want anybody see her Bible which it is the most important thing for her. Third,
it can be seen from instumentality where by communicating face to face maybe
the speaker has showing anger because she dislike with the hearer. The last,
impolite to get back the Bible, so it may be bring the speaker has reason to
show anger.
2) Showing advice
The second reason of using directive utterance is showing advice. In
showing advice, the speaker gives suggestion or advice to the addressee or
listener, that is about the problem that faced on the listener. Usually, the position
of speaker is higher than listener. But, sometimes the the position between the
speaker and the addressee are equal where the speaker just wants to suggest the
addressee or listener.
Data :
010/DU/S
INT.-LAWYER'S OFFICE -- DAY
Kate and John are being interviewed by a FEMALE LAWYER.
LAWYER : You must have a lot of love to give. Are you looking
for a boy or a girl?
KATE : (SMILES) A girl. We'd like a little girl.- - -
The underlined sentence above refers to show advice which can be
explained based on SPEAKING formula such as setting place and time,
participant, the end of the utterance, act sequence, the key, the instrumentality,
the norm and genre.
The setting of place located in Lawyer’s office, it is an office with
surrounded by the good furniture which put properly, and the setting of time in a
noon day with brightly sky condition. Meanwhile the setting of scene is silent
enough. Viewed from the Participants; they are lawyer as the speaker of
The end of uttering utterance, the Lawyer is intended to give advice
Kate and John to think again if they want to adopt an older child because she/he
needs more attention (give more love) than newborn of child.. Viewed from the
act sequence, the utterances is the form of direct speech and contain of directive
to Kate and John to give more love if they want to adopt an older child. The
utterance is said softly but it said so clear and sharp. The lawyer says ”You must
have a lot of love to give”.
Observed from key, its key is seriously. Looked at the channel of
instrumentality of communication, it is consisting of the channel in oral
communication; they discuss face to face. Then, viewed from the norm of the
Lawyer sound behaves care; viewed from the genre, it belongs to the directive
utterance which contains suggestion utterance.
Based on the explanation above, the utterance which is uttered by the
speaker has reason as showing advice, it can be indicated After analysing that
eight elements above. the writer can conclude that from the eight elements
above, there are some elements in which more influenced of the speaker having
reason to show advice. They are from participant and norm element; first, it
can be seen from participant element; maybe because of the status of
participant is between the consultant and the client so the consultant should
give advice to John and Kate. Second, it can be seen from norm element;
maybe because the norm of used is behaves wise in facing the problem so it
brings to have reason as showing advice.
3) Showing Order
The third reason of using directive utterance is giving order. In giving
order, the speaker gives the order compulsively to the addressee or listener.
The position of the speaker is higher than the listener, but sometimes the
position between the speaker and the addressee are equal. But the speaker just
wants to cammand the addressee.
DATA :
INT. MAX'S BEDROOM -- NIGHT
Kate tucks Max into bed.
MAX : READ ME A STORY?
KATE : One story. Then bedtime. Okay?
Max nods. happily and picks up a book from her nightstand. Kate
groans inwardly when she sees what it is. It'.s called. "We were
Going To Have A Baby, .But We Had An Angel Instead."
The underlined sentence above refers to show advice which can be
explained based on SPEAKING formula such as setting of place and time,
participant, the end of the utterance, act sequence, the key, the instrumentality,
the norm and genre.
The setting of place located in the Kate’s home, it is exactly in Max’s
bedroom. It is on the small bed. It is nice room for the child with surrounding
fulled by the beautiful dolls. While, the setting of time in a night with the gloomy
of table lamp in that room. Meanwhile, the setting of scene is quiet situation:
Seen from the participants, they are Kate as the speaker of directive, Max as the
listener of directive. The end of uttering utterance, Kate is intended to command
Max to sleep immediatelly after Kate read a story for her. Viewed from the act
sequence, the utterance is the form of direct speech and contain of John directive to go to bed immediatelly. She says ”One story then bedtime, Okay!”.
Observed from key, its key is freely. Looked at the channel of
instrumentality of communication, it is consisting of the channel in oral
communication; from the norm Kate sound behaves slowly and lovely; viewed
from the genre, the directive utterance is classified as informal communication.
Based on the explanation above, the writer can conclude that the
utterance which is uttered by the speaker has reason as showing order, it can be
seen from the participant element maybe because Kate, a mother, as the speaker
has authority and power than Max, her daugher, as listener. And also it is
4) Showing softening utterance
The fourth reason of using directive utterances is showing softening
utterance. In showing softening utterance, the speaker uses the soften words in
saying something especially when to ask someone to do something, so the
addressee will feel be appreciated by the speaker. In softening utterance, the
speaker has lower social status, but sometimes the speaker and addreseee or
listener have same status. It usually uses the word please and also uses the
particular term but it is not names of people.
DATA :
007/DU/C
MAX : SORRY.
Max gives an abashed look. Kate sighs. She knows she was too
harsh with her.
KATE : No, I'm sorry.. But just... take a break for a little while, okay?
Max nods. Kate goes. back inside.
The underlined sentence above refers to show softening utterance
which can be explained based on SPEAKING formula such as setting of place
and time, participant, the end of the utterance, act sequence, the key, the
instrumentality, the norm and genre.
The setting of place located in the beside of the home. It is exactly in
driveway. The setting of time in the noon day. Meanwhile, the setting of scene
is quiet situation but to be noise because of the sound of banging the ball. Seen
from the participants, they are Kate as the speaker of directive, Max as the
listener of directive. The end of uttering utterance, Kate is intended to request
Max to take a break for little from banging the ball on the wall. Viewed from
the act sequence, the utterance is the form of direct speech and contain of Kate directive to Max to take a break for a while. She says ”No, I'm sorry.. But just... take a break for a little while, okay!”
Observed from key, its key is seriously and hopefully. Looked at the
channel of instrumentality of communication, it is consisting of the channel in
intonation; viewed from the genre, it belongs to the directive utterance in
which classified as informal communication.
Based on the explanation above, the utterance which is uttered by the
speaker has reason as show softening utterance because Kate asked slowly and
used low intonation. It is also viewed from act sequence were explained, where the speaker request Max by saying “No, I'm sorry.. But just... take a break for a little while, okay!”. It means that Kate wants to show softening utterance to Max. Besides that, it can be seen from norm element where maybe the speaker
love with the listener because the speaker used polite utterance. So it brings to
show softening utterance.
5) Showing Forbid
The last reason of using directive utterance in this research paper is
showing forbid. In showing forbid, the speaker command the the listener to not
do something that relation with the situation happened. Usually, the position of
the speaker is higher than the listener, but sometimes the position between the
speaker and the addressee or listener is equal.
DATA :
006/DU/C
'EXT. COLEMAN RESIDENCE - DAY
Max is playing basketball in the driveway, but the ball's too big for her
and the hoop's too.high. Every time she tries to shoot, the ball falls short and
BANGS against the house.
KATE : Stop banging that against the house!I'm trying-to work!.
The underlined sentence above refers to show forbide which can be
explained based on SPEAKING formula such as setting of place and time,
participant, the end of the utterance, act sequence, the key, the instrumentality,
the norm and genre.
The setting of place located in the Coleman Residence. It is exactly in
driveway. The setting of time in the day. Meanwhile, the setting of scene is
directive, Max as the listener of directive. Max is Kate’s daughter. The end of
uttering utterance, Kate is intended to command Max to stop banging the ball against the house because it disturb Kate’s work. Viewed from the act sequence, the utterance is the form of direct speech and contain of Kate directive to Max to stop banging the ball against the house. She says ” Stop banging that against the house!I'm trying-to work! ”. It said by Kate anerly.
Observed from key, its key is seriously. Looked at the channel of
instrumentality of communication, it is consisting of the channel in oral
communication. From the norm Kate sound behaves anger; viewed from the
genre, the directive utterance is classified as informal communication.
Based on the explanation above, the utterance which is uttered by the
speaker has reason as showing forbide because in this utterance show that Kate forbide Max to banging the ball against the house, it is disturbing Kate’s work. It is viewed from act sequence were explained, where the speaker command Max by saying “Stop banging that against the house! I'm trying-to work! !”. It means that Esther wants to show forbide to Max.
D.Conclusion
Based on the data analysis and discussion, the writer can make the
conclusions:
1. The addressee must see the context of the directive utterances to interpret the
intention of them. The intention of directive utterance in this movie
manuscript are : command, request, suggestion, and warning. The writer finds
100 number data of directive utterances in the movie manuscript of
ORPHAN. Based on the analysis of 100 numbers of the data of the directive
utterances, the writer finds 38 numbers of data command, 32 number of data
request, 20 numbers of data suggestion and 10 number of data warn. From
2. From the analysis of 100 number data of directive utterances. They are three
type of linguistic form that used in this movie manuscript. They are
declarative sentence, imperative sentence and interrogative sentence. After
analysing, the writer finds 40 data of directive utterances in form of
declarative sentence, 42 data of directive utterances in form of imperative
sentence and 18 data of directive utterance in form of interrogative sentence.
3. From analysing the data in movie manuscript that contains directive
utterances, the writer also can finds the reason of the speaker why used
directive utterance. The writer analysed the data by using SPEAKING theory.
Then, the writer finds 5 reasons using the directive utterance. They are
showing anger, showing advice, showing order, showing softening utterance
and showing forbid. There are found 17 data of showing anger, 19 data of
showing advice, 36 data of showing order, 19 data of showing softening
utterance and 9 data of showing forbide. From the finding, the writer may
conclude that most of the reason of speaker used directive utterances in movie
manuscript of ORPHAN is showing order. The reason is because by showing
order, the writer can get more intention of the listener or hearer to do
something.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Griffits, Patrick. 2006. An Introduction to English Semantics and Pragmatics.
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
Johnson, David. 2009. “ORPHAN”(online), (http://www.imdb.com, diakses tanggal 30 Agustus 2012, pukul 02.00 pm).
Kreidler, Charles W. 1998. Introducing English Semantic. London: Routledge.
