A. Data Finding - Error analysis of simple past tense in writing recount text produced by the eighth grade students of MTs Islamiyah Palangka Raya - Digital Library IAIN Palangka Raya

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40 CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter discussed the result of study. It consisted of the data finding and discussion. In data finding the research display the data which was found in the field and in discussion the researcher explained the type of errors which occurred on students‟ writing recount text based on Heidi dulay‟s theory and the cause of errors based on Jack C. Richard‟s theory.

A.Data Finding

Data collecting activity was conducted on 15th and 16th September, 2014. The sample was 61 students. The students were given a writing test. The data collected from the students were in form of essay. The researchers used inter rater in analyzing the writing products.

After conducting the data collecting activity, the researcher displayed and explained the result of the analysis activity. In this part, errors are identified by writing all the errors based on the result of the test, here the classification of the types of errors are made by the students and cause of errors then give an analysis.

See the table 4.1 identification and Classification of errors and Cause of errors.

Table 4.1

Identification and Classification Errors and Cause of Errors Students’

code

Students’ errors

Revised Edition

Identified type of

errors

Explanation of errors

Cause of Errors A1 I there

ride motorcycl e.

I went there by riding motorcyc le.

Omission Omission of verb Omission

of

preposition

 Incomplete Application of Rules  Incomplete

(2)

Omission of “-ing”

of Rules  Incomplete

Application of Rules After__

there, we directly order food.

After we got there, we ordered food directly.

Omission Omission of Subject Pronoun Omission

of verb Simple past

tense incorrect omission of –ed

Application of Rules  Incomplete

Application of Rules While

waiting food, I and my friends take pictures.

While waiting food, I and my friends took some pictures.

Omission Omission of irregular past tense Omission

of

quantifiers

 Ignorance of Rule Restriction s

 Incomplete Application of Rules After __

waiter come, he served __food in __table.

After the waiter came, he served the food on the table.

Omission

Misform ation Omission

Omission of the article Omission

of irregular past tense Omission

of the article Use of wrong preposition Omission

of the article

 Incomplete Application of Rules  Ignorance

of Rule Restriction s

 Incomplete Application of Rules  False

Concepts Hypothesiz ed

 Incomplete Application of Rules We eated

together.

We ate together.

Addition Regularizat ion by adding –ed

(3)

After that we chatting and joke.

After that, we chatted and joked.

Addition

Omission

Simple past tense incorrect Addition of –ing

Simple past tense incorrect omission of –ed

 False Concepts Hypothesiz ed

 Incomplete Application of Rules

We really happy.

We were really happy.

Omission Omission of verb

 Interlingual Errors A2 Last week,

I spended __ holiday in water park.

Last week, I spent my holiday in water park.

Addition

Omission

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Omission

of

possessive pronoun

 Overgenera lization  Incomplete

Application of Rules

I and __ friends buyed tickets.

I and my friends bought tickets.

Omission

Addition

Omission of

possessive pronoun Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

 Incomplete Application of Rules  Overgenera

lization

Then, we enter to water park.

Then, we entered to water park.

Omission Simple past tense incorrect omission of –ed

I and my friends swimming together.

I and my friends swam together.

Addition Simple past tense incorrect Addition of –ing

After that we take some pictures.

After that we took some pictures.

Omission Omission of irregular past tense

(4)

We ___ very happy and went home together.

We were very happy and went home together

 Interlingual Errors

A3 I and __ friends goed to Tangkiling hill.

I and my friends went to Tangkili ng hill.

Omission

Addition

Omission of

ion by adding –ed

lization

I and __ friends ___ with bus to there.

I and my friends went there by bus.

Omission

Misform ation Addition

Misorder ing

Omission of

possessive pronoun Use of

wrong preposition Addition of

preposition “to”

Misorderin g of adverb

 Interlingual Errors  Interlingual

Errors There we

play and chatting.

We played and chatted there.

Misorder ing Omission

Addition

Misorderin g of adverb Simple past

Simple past tense incorrect Addition of –ing

 Interlingual Errors  Incomplete

Application of Rules  False

We also take ___ pictures.

We also took some pictures.

of

(5)

quantifiers Application of Rules We enjoy

__ beautiful scenery there.

We enjoyed the beautiful scenery there.

Omission of the article

Application of Rule

We seed rainbow, it ___ very beautiful.

We saw rainbow, it was very beautiful.

Addition

Omission

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Omission of

verb

 Overgenera lization  Interlingual

Errors We was

happy there.

We were happy there.

Misform ation

Use of wrong verb

A4 I spended my holiday at Kalawa Park last week.

I spent my holiday at Kalawa Park last week.

 Overgenera lization

We buyed tickets.

We bought tickets.

 Overgenera lization Then we

enter __ water park.

Then we entered to water park.

Omission of

preposition

We changed ___ clothes.

We changed our clothes.

Omission Omission of

possessive pronoun

(6)

we swim. that we swam.

of irregular past tense

We take __ pictures while playing water.

We took some pictures while playing water.

of

quantifiers

 Incomplete Application of Rule We play

games there.

We played games there.

A5 I and my friend goed to swimming pool last week.

I and my friend went to swimmin g pool last week.

We goed there with motorcycl

Misform ation

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Use of

wrong preposition

 Overgenera lization  False

Before we swim we buyed fried food because I feel hungry.

Before swimmin g we bought fried food because I felt hungry.

Omission Addition

Omission

Omission of –ing

lization  Ignorance

After that we changed __ clothes, __ then we

After that we changed our clothes,

possessive pronoun Omission

(7)

swim. and then we swam.

of

conjunction Omission

of Rules  Ignorance

We swim there until noon. of irregular past tense

After that we goed

A6 Last

month, me and __ friends spended ___ holiday at garden that near friends spent our holiday at garden that near from the airport.

Misform ation

ion by Concepts Hypothesiz ed

lization  Incomplete

Application of Rules We

walking around in garden.

We walked around the garden.

Addition

Omission

Simple past tense incorrect Addition of –ing

 Incomplete Application of Rules We sited

for relax.

We sat for relax.

 Overgenera lization We take

___ pictures.

We took some pictures.

(8)

of

quantifiers

 Incomplete Application of Rules After that

we eated fried food there.

 Overgenera lization father went to Jakarta.

There we visited many place for recreation.

We visited many places for recreatio n there.

Misorderin g of adverb Plural

incorrect Omission of „s‟

One of them is bekasi square.

One of them was Bekasi square.

Misform ation

Wrong form of verb

There I and father used sweater and long pants to cover our body because there is very cold.

I and my father used sweater and long pants for covering our body because there was very cold.

Omission Misform

ation

Omission of

preposition Use of

infinitive Wrong

form of verb

 Ignorance of Rule

Misform ation Misorder

Wrong form of verb Misorderin

(9)

ing g of adverb  Interlingual Errors I and my

father make _ snowman.

I and my father made a snowma n.

of the article

 Incomplete Application of Rules That ___

my favorite time and I ___ really happy.

That was my favorite time and I was really happy.

Omission of verb

 Interlingual Errors  Interlingual

Errors

A8 In Sunday, I and __ family goed to swimming pool.

On Sunday, I and my family went to swimmin g pool.

Addition

Use of wrong preposition Omission

of

ion by adding –ed

lization We goed

Misform ation

wrong proposition

After we ___ there, I directly jump into swimming pool.

After we got there, I directly jumped into incorrect omission of –ed

Application of Rules When I

see around I, I do not

When I looked around, I

Addition Addition of object pronoun

(10)

see my parent.

did not see my parents.

Misform ation Omissio

n

Wrong form of auxiliary Plural

 Incomplete Application of Rules I try to

look for they.

I tried looking for them.

Omission

Misform ation

Use of wrong object pronoun

Suddenly my parent come and bring a cake.

Suddenly my parents came and brought a cake.

Omission Plural incorrect Omission of „s‟ Omission

of irregular past tense Omission of irregular past tense

They sing happy birthday song.

They sang happy birthday song.

I forgeted my birthday but I ___ really happy because they give I surprised.

I forgot my birthday but I was really happy because they gave me

Addition

Omission

Misform

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Omission of

verb Omission

of irregular past tense Use of

errors  Ignorance

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surprise. ation wrong object pronoun

A9 In Sunday, I goed to Kahayan river with my friends for fishing in the morning.

On Sunday, I went to Kahayan river with my friends for fishing in the morning.

Use of Wrong preposition Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

We wanted to fishing shrimp.

We wanted fishing shrimp.

Addition Addition of

“to”  Ignorance of Rule Restriction s

I get big shrimp.

I got big shrimp.

But my friend get bigger.

But my friend got bigger.

Then we go home.

Then we went home.

A10 I and my family goed to kum-kum last year.

I and my family went to kum-kum last year.

(12)

so crowded.

was so crowded.

verb Errors

There was a lot of animals.

There were a lot of animals.

Misform ation

Use of wrong verb

 Ignorance of Rule looked funny and some scary.

ation

Omission

Omission of

preposition Use of

wrong object pronoun Simple past

 Interlingual Errors  Ignorance

There are monkeys, crocodiles, and other. others.

Misform ation

Misorder ing

Omission of the article Omission of

verb Misorderin

g of adverb

 Incomplete Application of Rules  Interlingual

Errors  Interlingual

Errors We seed

beautiful scenery.

We saw beautiful scenery.

 Overgenera lization When we

decided to go home, We take ___ pictures with all

When we decided to go home, We took some pictures

of

quantifiers

(13)

my family. with all my family. I very

happy because I can spended holiday together.

I was very happy because I could spend holiday together.

ation

Addition

Omission of verb

Wrong form of modal auxiliary Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

 Overgenera lization A11 Last year,

I and my family spended holiday in tangkiling hill.

Last year, I and my family spent holiday in tangkilin g hill.

We never went to there before and my father wanted to go there.

We never went there before, and my father wanted to go there.

Addition Addition of preposition “to”

We climb __ hill.

We climbed the hill.

We take ___ pictures.

We took some pictures.

(14)

Omission of

quantifiers

s

 Incomplete Application of Rules Then we

sit and enjoy __ beautiful scenery.

Then we sat and enjoyed the beautiful scenery.

Omission Omission of irregular past tense Simple past

Application of Rules I ___

happy there.

I was happy there.

 Interlingual Errors A12 I went to

bukit batu with __ family last week.

I went to bukit batu with my family last week.

possessive pronoun

My friends follow we went there.

My friends followed us went there.

Omission

Misform ation

After that my family take ___ pictures on __ hill.

After that my family took some pictures on the hill.

of

quantifiers Omission

of the

(15)

article Application of Rules There are

big rock there.

There were big rocks there.

Misform ation Omissio

n

Wrong form of verb Plural

 Incomplete Application of Rules I and my

friends play around __ big rock.

I and my friends played around the big rocks.

Omission of the article Plural

After we ___ tired, we take _ rested.

After we were tired, we took a rest.

Omission

Addition

Omission of verb

Omission of irregular past tense Omission

of the article Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

lization We ___

really happy there.

We were really happy there.

A13 Last year, I spended my holiday in

Last year, I spent my holiday

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Banjarmas in.

in Banjarm asin. I and

family visit my grandmoth er‟s house.

I and my family visited my grandmo ther‟s house.

possessive pronoun Simple past

When we ___ there, I runed to grandmoth er that sit in front __ __ house.

When we were there, I ran to grandmo ther that sat in front of the house.

Omission

Omission of verb

of

preposition Omission

of the article

 Interlingual Errors  Overgenera

lization  Ignorance

Application of Rules She

looked happy when we comed.

She looked happy when we came.

I __ happy too

because I can meet __

grandmoth er.

I was happy too because I could met my grandmo ther.

ation

Omission

Omission of verb

Wrong form of modal auxiliary Omission

of

possessive pronoun

(17)

A14 Last holiday, I went to Bandung with my parent and my

brother.

Last holiday, I went to Bandung with my parents and my brother.

Omission Plural incorrect Omission of „s‟

We ___ holiday in Bandung for three day.

We spent our holiday in Bandung for three days.

of

possessive pronoun Plural

Application of Rules First day,

we ___ to one of the most famous restaurant there.

First day, we went to one of the most famous restauran t there.

We buyed t-shirts, pants, jacket, and accessorie s.

We bought t-shirts, pants, jacket, and accessori es.

Last day, we ___ to Bandung zoo.

Last day, we went to Bandung zoo.

A15 Last year, I and my friends goed to

Last year, I and my friends

(18)

Tangkiling

Misform ation

Use of wrong preposition

After we ___ there, we buyed snacks.

After we got there, we bought snacks.

Omission of verb Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

lization Then we

climbed __ hill.

Then we climbed the hill.

Omission Omission of the article

 Incomplete Application of Rules climbing, we made a

competiti on that first arrived in the top of irregular past tense Omission

of the article Omission

of the article

Application of Rules winner

Misform ation

Wrong form of verb

I ___ really happy.

I was really happy.

 Interlingual Errors A16 Last year,

I goed to Tamiyang Layang with __

of

(19)

family. with my family.

possessive pronoun We goed

with car.

We went by car.

Addition

Misform ation

wrong preposition

My brother ride __ car.

My brother ridded the car.

Omission Omission of the article

 Incomplete Application of Rules __ Trip

___ so far and really exhausted.

The Trip was so far and really exhauste d.

Omission Omission of the article Omission of

verb

Errors We arrive

at noon.

We arrived at noon.

We stay in uncle house.

We stayed in uncle‟s house.

Possessive incorrect omission of ‟s

After four day, we goed back to

Palangkar aya

After four days, we went back to Palangka raya

Omission

Addition

Plural incorrect Omission of „s‟ Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

lization

A17 Me and

my friend

I and my friend

Misform ation

Use of me

assubject

(20)

goed to a hill tangkiling with our teacher last year.

went to Tangkili ng hill with our teacher last year.

Addition Regularizat ion by adding –ed Addition of

the article

Hypothesiz ed

 Overgenera lization  Ignorance

There really crowded and there ___ meet students other school.

There was really crowded and we met students from other school there.

Omission

Misorder ing

Addition of –ed

Omission of subject pronoun Omission

of irregular past tense Misorderin

g of adverb

Application of Rules  Ignorance

 Interlingual Errors Me and

my friends goed until top __ ___ hill.

I and my friends went until top of the hill.

Omission

Use of me

assubject Regularizat

ion by adding –ed Omission

of

of the article

Application of Rules There we

seed beautiful scenery.

We saw the beautiful scenery there.

Addition

Omission

of the article

Application of Rules There we

take picture and

We took a picture and playing

Omission

Misorder

Omission of irregular past tense Misorderin

(21)

playing. there. ing g of adverb  Interlingual Errors __

Teacher order we to go down for lunch.

The teacher ordered us to go down for lunch.

Omission

Misform ation

Omission of the article Simple past

We ___ there until afternoon.

We were there until afternoo n.

A18 We went with car.

We went by car.

Misform ation

When we arrive at Banjarmas in, we directly go to my aunt house.

When we arrived at Banjarm asin, we directly went to my aunt‟s house.

Omission of irregular past tense Possessive

incorrect omission of ‟s

We stay there.

We stayed there.

(22)

we walking around.

day, we walked around.

tense incorrect Addition of –ing

There we eat first.

We ate first there.

After that we buyed clothes.

After that we bought clothes.

I ___ really happy.

I was really happy.

 Interlingual Errors A19 Last week,

me and my friend went to the night market.

Last week, I and my friend went to night market.

Use of me

assubject Addition of

the article

There are so many people sell food, drink, clothes, toys, and others.

There were so many people sale foods, drinks, clothes, toys, and others.

Wrong form of verb Plural

There I buyed some food with my friend.

I bought some foods with my friend there.

Addition

Misorder ing

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Misorderin

g of adverb

Errors

(23)

same t-shirt.

bought same t-shirts

ion by adding –ed

lization

After that buyed drinks because we feel thirsty.

After that bought drinks because we felt thirsty.

Addition

Omission

We buyed ice lemon.

We bought lemon ice.

Addition

Misorder ing

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Misorderin

g in constructio n

Errors

I also buyed toy for my sister.

I also bought toys for my sister.

A20 I spended my holiday in water park with __ family last week.

I spent my holiday in water park with my family last week.

Addition

Omission

of

possessive pronoun

Before we goed there we

breakfast first.

Before we went there, we breakfast first.

After that we goed to water park.

After that we went to water park.

(24)

friend there.

friends there.

of irregular past tense Plural

 Incomplete Application of Rules I asked

they to follow me.

I asked them to follow me.

Misform ation

My father say to they to take __ picture together.

My father said to take a picture together.

of the article

 Incomplete Application of Rules I ___

happy spended my holiday there.

I was happy spent my holiday there.

Omission of verb

Regularizat ion by adding –ed

 Interlingual Errors  Overgenera

lization

A21 Last month, I spended holiday with my friends.

Last month, I spent holiday with my friends.

We went with bus.

We went by bus.

Misform ation

After we ___ there, we went to a shop for rest.

After we got there, we went to a shop for rest.

There we buyed

We bought

Addition Regularizat ion by

(25)

snack and drink.

snack and drink there.

Misorder ing

adding –ed Misorderin

g of adverb

 Interlingual Errors After that

we buyed tickets.

After that we bought tickets.

We ___ really hungry so we decide to food stall.

We were really hungry so we decided to food incorrect omission of –ed

We aeted there.

We ate there.

 Overgenera lization A22 Last

month, I goed to taman gaul with __

of

possessive pronoun

There I walk around and take ___ pictures with family.

I walked around and took some pictures with my family there.

Omission

Misorder ing

Omission of irregular past tense Omission

of

possessive pronoun Misorderin

g of adverb

Errors

After I changed __ clothes,

After I changed my

possessive

(26)

I swim with my brother.

clothes, I swam with my brother.

pronoun Omission

After swimming , I eated with my family.

After swimmin g, I ate with my family.

I seed beautiful scenery.

I saw beautiful scenery.

 Overgenera lization After that,

I was riding a bike water.

After that, I rode bike water.

Addition of the article

In noon I rested in cottage.

At noon I rested in cottage.

Misform ation

My brother buyed snacks for I.

My brother bought snacks for me.

Addition

Misform ation

wrong object pronoun

I was happy to get together with __ family.

I was happy to get together with my family.

possessive pronoun

B1 In Sunday, I goed to

On Sunday,

Misform ation

Use of Wrong

(27)

kalawa park with __ sister and __ brother

I went to Kalawa Water Park with my sister and my brother

Addition

Omission

preposition Regularizat

of

possessive pronoun Omission

of

possessive pronoun

Hypothesiz ed

Overgenera lization Incomplete

After we there, sister I buyed tickets

After we got there, my sister bought tickets

Omission

Addition

Omission of verb Omission

of

ion by adding –ed

 Incomplete Application of Rules Incomplete

Application of Rules Overgenera

lization After that

we goed inside

After that we went inside

Overgenera lization

We swimed together and enjoy played water

We swam together and enjoyed playing water

Addition

Omission

Addition

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Simple past

Overgenera lization  Incomplete

lization

After that we take a bath and changed our clothes

After that we took a bath and changed our

(28)

clothes Then we

eated at kalawa cafe and we goed back home together

Then we ate at Kalawa cafe and we went back home together

Addition Regularizat ion by adding –ed Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

Overgenera lization Overgenera

lization

B2 On

Sunday, I and my friends goed to tangkiling hill

On Sunday, I and my friends went to Tangkili ng hill

When we arrived, we got difficulties to climb __ hill because it ___ so slippery

When we arrived, we got difficulti es to climb the hill because it was so slippery

verb

Errors

we can reached top of __ hill and we take ___ pictures

we could reach top of the hill and we took some pictures

Misform ation

Addition

Omission

Wrong form of modal auxiliary Regularizat

of the article Omission

After that we go

After that we

Omission Omission of irregular

(29)

down of hill, we were so tired and hungry

went down of hill, we were so tired and hungry

past tense Restriction s

So, we take a rest and look for some foods to eat before we goed home together

So, we took a rest and looked for some foods to eat before we went home together

Omission

Addition

Omission of irregular past tense Simple past

 Incomplete Application of Rules Overgenera

lization

B3 Early

morning, I waked up and went to the mosque with my family for praying

Early morning, I woke up and went to the mosque with my family for praying

I weared new clothes ___ __ buyed by my mother

I wore new clothes that was bought by my mother

Addition

Omission

Addition

of

Subordinati ng

Conjucntio n

Omission of verb

Application of Rules  Interlingual

Errors Overgenera

(30)

I gathered with my family, we eated together

I

gathered with my family, we ate together

After that we visited our neighbor houses

After that we visited our neighbor ‟s houses

Omission Possessive incorrect omission of ‟s

The next day, we stayed __ home

The next day, we stayed at home

preposition

 Incomplete Application of Rules A lot of

friends come to my home

A lot of friends came to my home

I was really happy because I can be gathered with my family and my friends

I was really happy because I could be gathered with my family and my friends

Misform ation

Wrong form of modal auxiliary

B4 On

Sunday, I and __ friend celebrate sultan birthday

On Sunday, I and my friend celebrate d

Sultan‟s birthday

Possessive incorrect

Incomplete Application of Rules Incomplete

(31)

omission of ‟s

We celebrate at

kampong lauk incorrect omission of –ed

Incomplete Application of Rules

After we __ there, we order food to __ waiter

After we got there, we ordered food to the waiter

Omission Omission of verb Simple past

Application of Rules Incomplete

Application of Rules While

waiting food, we take picture

While waiting food, we took a picture

 Ignorance of Rule together

When the food was served, we ate together

Omission

Addition

Omission of the article Omission of

verb Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

Incomplete Application of Rules Interlingual

Errors Overgenera

lization After that

one of my friend comed, she

bringed __ cake

After that one of my friend came,

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Regularizat

of the article

Overgenera lization Overgenera

lization Incomplete

We sing happy birthday

We sang happy birthday

(32)

song together

B5 Two day

before idul fitri, I goed to house grandmoth er

Two days before idul fitri, I went to grandmo ther‟s house

Omission

Addition

ion by adding –ed Misordering

in

construction Possessive

Incomplete Application of Rules Overgenera

lization Interlingual

Errors  Incomplete

I goed to there with __ family

I went there with my family

Addition

Omission

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Addition of

„to‟ Omission

of

possessive pronoun

Overgenera lization Interlingual

Errors Incomplete

We ___ there with motorcycl e

We went there by motorcyc le

ation

Omission of verb Use of

wrong preposition

Overgenera lization  False

We need three hours to there

We needed three hours to go there

After we __ there, I take a rest because I __ really

After we got there, I took a rest because I

Incomplete Application of Rules Ignorance

(33)

tired was really tired

Omission of verb

Restrictions Interlingual

Errors Mother I

and grandmoth er cooking

My mother and grandmo ther cooked

Misform ation

Addition

Use of wrong possessive pronoun Simple past

tense incorrect Addition of –ing

Interlingual Errors  False

After that we eated together

After that we ate together

When idul fitri we goed __ __ mosque and

praying

When Idul Fitri we went to the mosque and praying

Addition

Omission

of

of the article

After that we goed to grandfathe r grave

After that we went to grandfat hers‟ grave

We reading Qur‟an there

We read Qur‟an there

False Concepts Hypothesiz ed

B6

At Sunday, I and ___ friends celebrate

On Sunday, I and my friends celebrate

Use of Wrong preposition Omission

of

(34)

Sultan Birthday

d Sultan‟s Birthday

We celebrate birthday she at kampong lauk

We celebrate d his birthday at Kampon g Lauk

Omission of

possessive pronoun

The waiter bringed the food that we ordered before

The waiter brought the food that we ordered before

We eated together

We ate together

Overgenera lization After we

finish eating, we take a pictures together

After we finished eating, we took some pictures together

Omission

Misform ation

Omission of irregular past tense Use of

wrong quantifiers

of Rule Restrictions Ignorance

of Rule Restrictions

(35)

goed to studio karaoke for sing a song together

went to studio karaoke for singing together

ion by adding –ed Addition of

the article Addition of

object

lization Interlingual

Errors Interlingual

Errors And then

we goed to swimming pool

We swimed and enjoy played water

We swam and enjoyed playing water

Addition

Omission

Addition

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Simple past

lization

After that we goed home together

After that we went home together

B7

I and my family goed to water park in Sunday

I and my family went to Water Park on Sunday

Addition

Misform ation

wrong preposition

Overgenera lization False

We seed many people fun there

We saw many people fun there

Several people playing games

Several people played games

Addition Simple past tense incorrect Addition of

(36)

–ing I can see

children everywher e

I could see children everywh ere

Misform ation

Wrong form of modal auxiliary

Ignorance of Rule Restrictions

I walk around swimming pool with my brother

I walked around swimmin g pool with my brother

My brother ask me for swimming together

My brother asked me for swimmin g

together

But I not want to swim because I cannot swim.

But I did not want to swim because I cannot swim.

Interlingual Errors

My brother force me, but we swim in swimming pool for children

My brother forced me, but we swam in

swimmin g pool for children

Omission of irregular past tense

of Rule Restrictions

We enjoy playing water there

We enjoyed playing water there

B8

I goed to Tangkiling hill at

I went to Tangkili ng hill

Addition Regularizat ion by

(37)

Sunday on

Sunday Misform ation

adding –ed Use of

wrong preposition

I go there with friends I

I went there with my friends

of

possessive pronoun

Ignorance of Rule Restrictions Incomplete

Application of Rules __ Hill is

high, __ ___ so exhausted to go up

The hill was high, we were so exhauste d to go up

ation Omission

Omission of the article Wrong

form of verb Omission

of subject pronoun Omission of

verb

of Rule Restrictions Incomplete

Application of Rules Interlingual

Errors Finally,

we can reach __ hill

Finally, we could reach the hill

Misform ation

Omission

Wrong form of modal auxiliary Omission

of the article

Application of Rules We seed

beautiful scenery and green forest

We saw beautiful scenery and green forest

While we enjoy ___ beautiful scenery, we ___

While we enjoyed the beautiful

verb

(38)

chatting and take __ picture

scenery, we were chatting and taking a picture

Omission of –ing

 Incomplete Application of Rules Incomplete

Application of Rules Before we

went home, we buyed snacks

Before we went home, we bought snacks

Interlingual Errors B9

On holiday I and my family goed to family went to

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Possessive

Omission Possessive incorrect omission of ‟s

Omission of verb

 Incomplete Application of Rules Interlingual

Errors

We goed there with a car

We went there by a car

Addition

Misform ation

wrong preposition

Overgenera lization False

We goed at morning

We went at

morning

Overgenera lization article

(39)

er house

Incomplete Application of Rules We need

four hour to __ there

We needed four hours to go there

Plural incorrect Omission of „s‟ Omission

of verb

After we ___ there, I meet my cousin and grandmoth er.

After we got there, I met my cousin and

of Rule Restrictions So I ___

really happy

So I was really happy

Interlingual Errors B10

My brother and me walk around

My brother and I walked around

Misform ation incorrect omission of –ed

Incomplete Application of Rules We seed

beautiful scenery and many animal

We saw beautiful scenery and many animals

Addition

Omission

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Plural

At noon we were fishing

We were fishing at noon

Misorder ing

Misorderin g of adverb

(40)

I get big fish.

I got big fish.

Ignorance of Rule Restrictions After that

my brother get big fish too

After that my brother got big fish too

We___ happy fishing there

We were happy fishing there

B11

At Sunday, I and my friend went to water park

On Sunday, I and my friend went to water park

Misform ation

Use of Wrong preposition

We went with taxi

We went by taxi

Misform ation

Use of Wrong preposition

After we ___ there, we buyed tickets

After we got there, we bought tickets

Omission of verb Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

lization Before we

____ to swimming pool we changed ___ clothes first

Before we went to swimmin g pool, we changed our clothes first

of

possessive pronoun

After that we run

After that we

Omission Omission of irregular

(41)

and directly jump into __ water

ran and directly jumped into the water

past tense Omission

of the article

Restrictions Incomplete

Application of Rules We

playing water and games there

We played water incorrect Addition of –ing

Before we went home, we change ___ clothes

Before we went home, we changed our clothes

Omission of

possessive pronoun

After that we take ___ pictures

After that we took some pictures

of

quantifiers

Application of Rules B12

I and my friends goed to the hill tangkiling with ___ teacher

I and my friends went to

Regularizat ion by adding –ed Addition of

the article Omission

of

possessive pronoun

Overgenera lization Ignorance

Application of Rules We go

there with bus

We went there by bus

Omission

Misform ation

Omission of irregular past tense Use of

Wrong preposition

Ignorance of Rule Restrictions False

(42)

After we ___ there, we

climbed the hill tangkiling

After we got there, we climbed the hill

After we in top of __ hill, we eated together

After we on top of the hill, we ate together

Misform ation Omission Addition

Use of Wrong preposition Omission

of the article Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

lization After

eated we take ___ pictures

After eating we took some pictures

Addition

Omission

of

quantifiers

Application of Rules We goed

down

We went down

Overgenera lization After that

we goed home together

After that we went home together

B13

We ___ there at morning

We went there at morning

Incomplete Application of Rules After we

arrive there we climbed until __

After we arrived there, we climbed until the

(43)

top hill top hill Omission of the article

of Rules

After we ___ there, we sit for rest

After we got there, we sat for rest

of Rule Restrictions We also

eated snack that we bring from home

We also ate snack that we brought from home

Addition

 Omission

Regularizat ion by adding –ed  Omission

of Rule Restrictions After that

we take pictures

After that we took pictures

Ignorance of Rule Restrictions We ___

really happy there

We were really happy there

B14 Three day before celebratio n of Idul Fitri, I and my family goed to my

grandmoth er‟s house

Three days before celebrati on of Idul Fitri, I and my family went to my grandmo ther‟s house

Omission

Addition

ion by adding –ed

lization

We stop for buy gasoline and food

We stopped for buying gasoline

Incomplete Application of Rules  Incomplete

(44)

and food Omission of –ing

of Rules After that

we continue __ trip

After that we continue d the trip

After we ___ there, I ___ really tired

After we got there, I was really tired

Omission Omission of verb  Omission of

verb

Errors I say to

my mother that I want sleep

I said to my mother that I wanted to sleep

That ___ exhausted but I ___ happy when we celebrate Idul Fitri

That was exhauste d but I was happy when we celebrate d Idul Fitri

Omission of verb

Interlingual Errors Interlingual

Errors Incomplete

B15 At

Sunday, at 05:30 o‟clock I and my friend Rezha goed to traffic circle for jogging

On Sunday, at 05:30 o‟clock I and my friend Rezha went to traffic circle for jogging

Use of Wrong preposition Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

(45)

around traffic circle

of Rule Restrictions When we

run, we meet our friends, so we run together in __ same route

When we ran, we met our friends, so we ran together in the same route

Omission Omission of irregular past tense Omission of irregular past tense Omission

of the article

Ignorance of Rule Restrictions Ignorance

Application of Rules When we

feel tired, we buyed drink and sited for rest

When we felt tired, we bought drink and of irregular past tense Regularizat

ion by adding –ed

Ignorance of Rule Restrictions Overgenera

lization

After that we goed to tugu pahlawan

After

When we ___ there, we ___ chatting and joke

When we were there, we were chatting and joke

Omission of verb

Interlingual Errors Interlingual

Errors

We eat fried foods there of irregular past tense

Ignorance of Rule Restrictions B16 We ___ to

there at morning

We went there at morning

Incomplete Application of Rules After we

arrive at tangkiling

After we arrived at tangkilin

Omission Simple past tense incorrect

(46)

hill, we climbed until top __ __ hill.

g hill, we climbed until top of the hill.

omission of –ed

of Rule Restrictions We also

eated snack that we bring from home

We also ate snack that we brought from home

Addition

Omission

of Rule Restrictions After that

we take ___ pictures and enjoy __

beautiful scenery

After that we took some pictures and enjoyed the beautiful scenery

Omission Omission of irregular past tense Simple past

We ___ really happy

We were really happy

Interlingual Errors B17 I and my

family went to water park at Sunday

I and my family went to water park on Sunday

Misform ation

We seed many people there

We saw many people there