II.A.1.c.1.b.1 9 Prosiding Nasional FKP IV Kupang 2017 Anggota

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Pengembangan IPTEK Kelautan dan Perikanan untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan dalam Menghadapi MEA

PROSIDING

Seminar Nasional Kelautan dan Perikanan IV

Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan

Universitas Nusa Cendana

Kupang, 14 Oktober 2017

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untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan dalam Menghadapi MEA Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kelautan dan Perikanan Ke – IV

Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang, 14 Oktober 2017

Pengarah : Dr. Ir. Marcelien Dj. Ratoe Oedjoe, M.SI Dr. Ir. Agnette Tjendanawangi, M.Si Dr. Ir. Sunadji, MP

Dr. Lady Cindy Soewarlan, S.Pi.,M.Pi

Redaksi Pelaksana

: Dr. Yuliana Salosso, S.Pi.,MP Dr. Priyo Santoso, S.Pi.,MP Aludin AL Ayubi, S.Pi.,M.Si

Ike Margareth Irawati Langke, A.Md

Reviewer : Dr. Ir. Marcelien Dj. Ratoe Oedjoe, M.SI Dr. Ir. Agnette Tjendanawangi, M.Si Dr. Ir. Sunadji, MP

Dr. Lady Cindy Soewarlan, S.Pi.,M.Pi Dr. Yuliana Salosso, S.Pi.,MP

Dr. Priyo Santoso, S.Pi.,MP Dr. Ir, Fonny J. L. Risamasu, M.Si Dr. Ir. Yahyah, M.Si

Dr. Ismawan Tallo, S.Pi.,M.Si Ir. Felix Rebhung, M.Agr.,Ph.D Dr. Ir. Nicodemus Dahiklory, M.Si Dr. Pryo Santoso, S.Pi.,MP Dr. Ir. Yulianus Linggi, M.Si Dr. Chaterina Paulus, S.Pi.,M.Si Dr. Alexander L. Kangkan, S.Pi.,MP Dr. Ade Y. H. Lukas, S.Pi.,M.Si Ir. Ridwan Tobuku, M.Si Kiik Gretty Sine, S.Pi.,M.Si

Lumban Nauli Lumban Toruan, S.Pi.,M.Si Crisca B. Eoh, S.Pi.,M.Si

Aludin Al Ayubi, S.Pi.,M.Si

ISBN : 978-602-6906-39-7

Penerbit : Undana Press Lt. 3 Kantor Rektorat

Jl. Adisucipto Undana Penfui Kupang-NTT

PO BOX 104 (0380) 881580-881586. Fax 881674-881586

Email : humasundana@gmail.com

Website : www.undana.ac.id

HAK CIPTA DILINDUNGI OLEH UNDANG-UNDANG

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL Hal

DAFTAR ISI i

KATA PENGANTAR ii

iv

KELOMPOK BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN

Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup Bibit Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) dengan Pengangkutan Sistem Tertutup di Kabupaten Kupang

Marcelien Dj. Ratoe Oedjoe, Felix Rebhungdan Sunadji

1

Uji Kepadatan Bakteri Probiotik dengan Masa Simpan dan Jumlah Sarter Yang Berbeda

Suseno, Masirah dan Himawan

6

Potensi Ekstrak Gracilaria sp. Sebagai Imunostimulan pada Budidaya

Litopenaeus Vannamei (Kajian Putaka)

Yudiana Jasmanindar, Sukenda, Muhammad Zairin Jr, Alimuddin dan Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo

18

Pertumbuhan Ikan Lele Sangkuriang (Clarias sp.) Pada Sistem Aquaponik dengan Penambahan Probiotik dalam Pakan dan Penggunaan Kijing (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) dalam Komponen Biofilter

Priyo Santoso dan Sunadji

27

Jumlah Atraktan Cumi yang Berbeda dalam Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Kecernaan dan Efisiensi Nutrien Pada Ikan Sidat (Anguilla sp.)

Arning Wilujeng Ekawati, Mohamad Fadjar, Dian Eva Turrizqi, Dian Isna Selviyati dan Adam Prabani Muhammad

32

Peran Salinitas dan Kalsium pada Pendederan Glass Eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor Terhadap Aktivitas Osmoregulasi dan Pertumbuhan

Ade Y. H Lukas

43

Efikasi Rute Vaksin Aeromonas hydrophila ASB-01 pada Ikan Gabus (Ophiocephalus striatus)

Olga dan Fatmawati

51

Masalah Produksi Tambak Ikan Bandeng yang Rendah di Desa Bipolo

Agenette Tjendanawangi dan Nikodemus Dahoklory

59

Komposisi Nutrisi Makroalga Hijau yang Ditemukan di Perairan Teluk Kupang

Yuliana Salosso

63

Peranan Bioteknologi Berbasis Probiotik dalam Perikanan Budidaya

Ridwan Tobuku

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Tingkat Kelulushidupan, Kecepatan Moulting dan Pertambahan Bobot Kepiting Bakau (Scylla Serrata) dengan Metode Mutilasi dan Injeksi Ekstrak Bayam di Tambak Oesapa

Lasmi, Yahyah dan Cresca. B. Eoh

72

Sebaran Morfologi Tiram (Crassostrea cucullata) di Perairan Intertidal Desa Tanah Merah Kecamatan Kupang Tengah Kabupaten Kupang

Yohana Charolina Lily, Evi Husain dan Sunadji

87

Potensi Ekstrak Daun dan Batang Tumbuhan Mangrove Rhizophora stylosa dalam MenghambatPertumbuhan Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila Heri Maryanto, Yunitasari dan Dini Siswani Mulia

98

Ekstraksi Etanol Buah Pedada (Sonneratia alba) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Vibrio harveyii Secara In Vitro

Gloria Ika Satriani, Jimmy Cahyadi, Ery Gusman dan Eka Nur Juliana

105

Gambaran Histologi Insang dan Hati Ikan Kerapu Tikus pada Uji Toksisitas

Jane L. Dangeubun dan Diana S. Syahailatua

112

KELOMPOK MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA PERAIRAN

Kondisi Padang Lamun Pulau-Pulau Kecil di Timur Perairan Pulau Bintan Kabupaten Bintan Kepulauan Riau

Indarto Happy Supriyadi

119

Coastal Communities Institution for Creative and Productive Enterprises in Nemberala Village Using Interpretative Structural Modeling

Chaterina A. Paulus, Yohanis Umbu L. Sobang dan Marthen R. Pellokila

130

Studi Bioekologi untuk Pengembangan Budidaya Perikanan Model IMTA (Integrated Multi Tropich Aquaculture) di Kabupaten Kupang

Yusuf Kamlasi, Alexander S. Tanody dan Mikson M.D Nalle

135

Pengelolaan Perikanan dengan Pendekatan Ekosistem di Kabupaten Alor

Donny M. Bessie, Ida A. L. Dewi, Saraswati Adityarini dan Dwi Ariyogagautama

140

Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Ikan Layang Deles Teluk Prigi, Kabupaten Trenggalek

Mochammad Fattah, Pudji Purwanti dan Edi Susilo

147

Analisis Penentuan Prioritas Pengembangan Kawasan Teluk Kupang Berbasis Sektor Unggulan

Alexander Leonidas Kangkan,, Marsoedi, Bambang Semedi, Gatut Bintoro

155

Identifikasi Jenis Lamun dan Jenis Biota Yang Hidup di Dalamnya di Perairan Pesisir Tesabela Kecamatan Kupang Barat Kabupaten Kupang

Sitti Halija dan Aludin Al Ayubi

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Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index On Benthic Foraminifers is Less Effective to Approximating Coral Reef Ecosystem Quality in Kupang Bay

Lumban Nauli Lumban Toruan, Fonny J.L. Risamasu, Chaterina Agusta Paulus

167

Analisis Komposisi dan Kepadatan Sampah Domestik yang Terpapar pada Ekosistem Pesisir Oesapa Kota Kupang

Fonny J. L. Risamasu, Ricky Gimin, P. Sutejo, W. I. I. Mella dan Yahyah

174

Analisis Kandungan Proksimat Asam Amino dan Asam Lemak Algae Hijau

Halimeda opuntia Asal Perairan Ujung Genteng Jawa Barat

Abdullah Rasyid

188

Identification of Halogenated Monoterpenes plocamenone From Aotearoa Marine Red Algae Specimen Plocamium angustum

Wem Turupadang

196

KELOMPOK

TEKNOLOGI

PENANGKAPAN,

TEKNOLOGI

PENGOLAHAN HASIL PENANGKAPAN, SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN

KEBIJAKAN PERIKANAN

Pengaruh Perbedaan Teknik Pengoperasian Alat Bantu Blabar dengan Menggunakan Alat Tangkap Seser pada Penangkapan Nener di Perairan Atapupu Kabupaten Belu

Kumala Sari, Sriawan dan Samuel Ulu

204

Prospek Pengembangan Fasilitas Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Oeba Kupang dalam Menunjang Aktivitas Perikanan Tangkap

Susy Herwaty

211

Analisa Bauran Pemasaran dalam Strategi Penetrasi Pasar Terhadap

Positioning Produk Stik Tulang Ikan pada UKM Ijtihad di Kota Kupang

Chairul Pua Tingga dan Cahyaningtias

226

Kajian Mutu Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis L) Asap Akibat Penggunaan Bahan Baku Lokal Sebagai Pengawet Alami

Naema Bora dan Rikka W. Sir

231

Optimalisasi Potensi Desa Pitay Melalui Budidaya Rumput Laut dan Kerang Darah untuk Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat

M.M. Dwi Wahyuni, Rut Rosina Riwu, Intje Picauly

239

Pola Kemitraan pada Usaha Perikanan Pole And Line Ditinjau dari Fungsi Ekonomi di Kota Kupang

Naharuddin Sri, Alexander S. Tanody dan Joi A. Surbakti

246

Analisis Kemiskinan Rumah Tangga Nelayan di Kota Kupang

Yahyah dan Hadjrah Arifin

257

Politik dan Kebijakan Pembangunan Perikanan Masa Reformasi: Fenomenal dan Paradoksal

Edi Susilo, Pudji Purwanti, Erlinda Indrayani, dan Candra Adi Intyas

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PENGANTAR

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk dunia dan efek pemanasan global telah berdampak pada menurunnya produksi bahan pangan diberbagai Negara. Hal ini merupakan salah satu ancaman bagi ketahanan pangan dunia tidak terkecuali Indonesia yang merupakan salah satu Negara yang memiliki kekayaan hayati laut terbesar di dunia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, laut dan perairan tawar diharapkan dapat menopang ketersediaan sumber pangan nabati dan hewani bagi penduduknya.

Berbagai penelitian yang berkaitan dengan pemanfaatan sumberdaya laut dan perairan tawar (penangkapan, budidaya) telah banyak dilakukan, tetapi belum banyak diaplikasikan oleh pengambil kebijakan maupun stakeholder. Menyadari hal tersebut maka Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan berencana mengadakan seminar Nasional Perikanan dan Kelautan yang merupakan media yang bisa mempertemukan berbagai kalangan baik dari akademisi, peneliti, pengambil kebijakan, stakeholder, maupun masyarakat yang mempunyai kepedulian pada bidang perikanan dan kelautan untuk mensinergikan hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan agar bisa diaplikasikan untuk peningkatan ketersediaan pangan dalam menghadapi MEA.

Pada kesempatan ini panitia mengucapkan terimakasih kepada Rektor Universitas Nusa Cendana beserta staf, Dekan Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan beserta staf, semua panitia, serta semua pihak yang telah berpartisipasi dalam pelaksanaan seminar nasional tersebut. Selain itu, panitia juga memohon maaf kepada semua pihak, apabila pelaksanaan seminar nasional sampai penyusunan prosiding ini kurang berkenan, serta panitia mengharap kritik dan koreksi demi perbaikan isi dari prosiding ini.

Akhir kata semoga prosiding ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembaca sekalian.

Kupang, Oktober 2017

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Prosiding Seminar N asional Kelaut an dan Perikanan IV

SHANNON-WIENER DIVERSITY INDEX ON BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS IS LESS EFFECTIVE TO APPROXIMATING CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM

QUALITY IN KUPANG BAY

Lumban Nauli Lumban Toruan1, Fonny J.L. Risamasu2, Chaterina Agusta Paulus3

1,2,3

Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Nusa Cendana

Correspondence: lumbannauli@staf.undana.ac.id

ABSTRACT

The Shannon diversity index has long been used extensively in marine ecological studies in coral reef ecosystems. The high value of diversity index reflect the condition of suitable water quality. This study aims to examine the use of Shannon diversity index on benthic foraminifera in coral reef ecosystem. The collection of benthic foraminifera was carried out at 5-7 meters depth at eight stations in coastal waters between Semau and Timor Island. Three hundreds individuals from each station were identified using a stereo microscope. The results show Shannon's diversity index is sensitive to individual and genus changes, but is not sensitive to the functional groups changes of foraminifera. It should be considered using other indexes that reflect more coral reef ecosystem conditions rather than diversity index.

Keywords: Functional, algal symbiont-bearing, opportunistic, heterotrophic

I. INTRODUCTION

Shannon's diversity index is often used to identify community diversity as a reflection of changes in community structure that reflecting the presence or absence of ecological pressures (Wilhm and Dorris, 1966). The use of the shannon diversity index has been widely used in diversity criteria, which reflect levels of diversity such as low, moderate, and high, as well as the degree of ecological stress due to pollution (Rembet et al., 2011;

Adrim et al. , 2012; Suhud et al., 2012; Afif et al., 2014; Dewiyanti et al., 2015; Olii et al., 2015; Prakoso, 2015; and Mustafa and Arami, 2017).

Foraminifera is a single-celled (unicellular) unicellular organism, having one or more rooms separated from each other by a septum penetrated by many foramen (Pringgoprawiro and Kapid 2000). Benthic foraminifera is one of organisms that are symbiotic and have a very close association with the reefs (Nybakken and Bertness, 2006). As part of the Indopasific region, Indonesia has a high diversity of foraminifera (Langer and Lips, 2003). Fluctuations in the aquatic environment both naturally and anthropogenic impacts can trigger changes in the biotic community, including benthic foraminifera such as changes in composition that ultimately lead to changes in the diversity of the community (Buzas et al., 2007; Radford et al., 2014). This study aims to examine the use of Shannon-wiener diversity index in benthic foraminifera in coral reef ecosystem.

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Prosiding Seminar N asional Kelaut an dan Perikanan IV

II. METHOD 2.1 Sampling

The data were collected at 8 stations in the coastal waters of Kupang Bay (Figure 1). Sampling of water quality and foraminifera was conducted in May-June 2017. The sample of foraminifera was obtained by taking surface sediments on the bottom of the water (Hallock et al., 2003). In the laboratory, the foraminifera sample was washed with flowing water in

a 0.063 mm sieved, after which it was dried by oven at 50 0C for two hours. Then the foraminifera in each sample is separated from the sediment in a petri dish under a binocular microscope. A further 300 specimens were taken for each sample and placed on a foraminiferal slide for identification using a binocular microscope at 40 times magnification (Dewi et al., 2010). The main identification literature used refers to Loeblich and Tappan (1994).

Figure 23.1. Map of research location

2.2 Data Analysis

The values of Shannon Diversity Index were obtained using the following formula (Wilhm and Dorris, 1968).

2

' Nilog Ni

H

N N

 



Where :

H ' : Value of diversity index

Ni : The number of individuals on the i-th type

N : Number of individuals in all types

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Table 23.1. Water quality based on H '

Base Unpolluted Moderate Polluted

Log2 >3,00 1,00-3,00 <1,00

Ln >2,08 0,69-2,08 <0,69

Log10 >0,90 0,30-0,90 <0,30

III. RESULT

There are 50 taxa from 2400 individuals foraminifers in which the range of all stations is 23-33 taxa (

x

_{= 29 ± 3.16)}

(Table 19.2 and Table 19.3).

Amphistegina, Calcarina, Elphidium, and

Quinqueloculina are dominated the locations.

Hallock et al. (2003) states that benthic foraminifera in coral reef ecosystems is divided into three functional groups: Symbiont-bearing (S), Opportunistic (O), and Heterotrophic (H). Based on Symbiont-bearing functional group, then all locations are indicated as coral reef ecosystem waters since the contribution of algal symbionts foraminifers

are abundant in all location (30-54%, = 41.7% of total individuals in each location). In general, the diversity index values show the waters at the study site in moderate conditions, where the pollution level is not very high, so ecological pressure on the ecosystem is not high, but also not low. Although Location B has the highest number of taxa, the highest H’ value is at location E. The Pearson correlation between the number of taxa and H’ indicates the effect of the increase in the number of taxa on the increase in the value of H' (r = 0.72) (Figure 3). A strong negative Pearson correlation was shown in the association of the algae to total ratio of individuals and the value of H' (r = -85.94) (Figure 19.2).

Table 23.2. Taxa on each functional group

Number Number Number

Grup S Ind Location Grup H Ind Location Grup H Ind Location

Table 23.3. Number of individuals and taxa in each functional group

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Next Table 23.3. Number of individuals and taxa in each functional group

Location A B C D E F G H Average StDev Total

taxa Number of taxa “H” 16 23 15 21 20 19 22 19 19.4 2.8 36

Diversity Index H’ 2.28 2.58 2.28 2.51 2.79 2.66 2.62 2.60 2.54 0.18

Ratio Number of individuals

“S”/Number of Total Individuals

0.63 0.3 0.54 0.46 0.37 0.33 0.36 0.34 0.42 0.12

TOTAL TAXA 27 33 23 30 31 30 31 27 29.0 3.2 50

Figure 23.2. Relationship Number of Taxa and H '

Figure 23.3. Relationship of Ratio Number of individuals “S”/Number of Total Individuals and H '

IV. DISCUSSION

Shannon's diversity index has long been used in studies of benthic foraminifera (Buzas, 1969 and Muruganantham et al., 2017). Wilhm and Dorris (1968) have the concept that the

value of the index given is a reflection of the quality of the waters. The better waters will give the index a higher value. However, in coral reef ecosystems, the use of diversity index has the potential of mis-interpretation (Hallock, 2012) because H' only counts the number of taxa and the

y = 0.041x + 1.351 R² = 0.523

2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80

22 24 26 28 30 32 34

H

'

Number of Taxa

y = -1.31x + 3.085 R² = 0.738

2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80

0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

H

'

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number of individuals in each taxa but does not consider the function of organisms in the ecosystem, especially as a bio-indicator. Hallock et al. (2003) provided an overview of the symbiont-bearing foraminifers group as a symbol of the better condition of reef ecosystems. Unfortunately a positive association between the abundance of symbiont-bearing foraminifers to diversity was not found in this study.

Moreover, the use of H' demands the ability of the identification of organisms up to the species level since the value of H' is basically used to calculate species diversity, not to quantify generic diversity. In micro organisms, the error rate of identification is quite large compared to the identification of macroorganisms. Both points out that the use of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index on benthic foraminifers appears to be ineffective in coral reef ecosystems.

Changes in the functional group of benthic foreminifers are thought to provide a better picture of ecological changes in a particular ecosystem than using diversity indices because they are less sensitive to changes in individuals and species, as long as the organisms are still in the same group. This interpretation has been studied in benthic foraminifera communities in coral reef ecosystems through the use of FoRAM Index (Hallock et al., 2003 and Pisapia et al., 2017). This understanding can minimize the degree of error in interpreting environmental stresses on coral reef ecosystems rather than using the H' index.

V. CONCLUSION

The Shannon-Wiener diversity index is sensitive to changes in individuals and species, but is not sensitive to changes in the composition of foraminifera in functional groups, making it less effective in interpreting coral reef ecosystem conditions. It should be considered using other better indices to use benthic foraminifera in reflecting the condition of coral reef ecosystems.

VI. ACKNOWLEDGE

The research was funded by Directorate of Research and Community Service, Directorate General of Research and Development Reinforcement, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, refers to Research Contract Number: 146 / UN15.19 / LT / 2017, therefore the research team would like to acknowledge the assistance and support from Kemenristek and the research institute of Nusa Cendana University for the facilitation given. Acknowledgments are also conveyed to PT.TOM and BKKPN

who has facilitated research activities at sea.

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