Panduan Ukai Formatif (Uji Kompetensi Apoteker Indonesia)

FNLENB > INVKNAJGJLE MNB ]@VN_E FNLENB > INVKNAJGJLE MNB ]@VN_E

L

Ljjggjjbbllnnb b JJffnntt GGjjlljj AA``tt``rrnnbbllnnbb Jfnt F`fns

Jfnt F`fns Mnpnt melubnanb ubtua swnk`meanse.Mnpnt melubnanb ubtua swnk`meanse.

Jfnt F`fns

Jfnt F`fns ]`]`rfntnsrfntns

Mnpnt melubnanb ubtua swnk`meanse, dnrus Mnpnt melubnanb ubtua swnk`meanse, dnrus mef`reanb ebijrknse g`fed anr`bn k`blnbmubl jfnt mef`reanb ebijrknse g`fed anr`bn k`blnbmubl jfnt

a`rns. a`rns.

Jfnt A`rns

Jfnt A`rns Dnrus m`blnb r`s`p mjat`r.Dnrus m`blnb r`s`p mjat`r.

Hnku Hnku

Adnsent ynbl mecnbtukanb k`rupnanb adnsent Adnsent ynbl mecnbtukanb k`rupnanb adnsent

`kperes me knsynrnant, f`guk s

`kperes me knsynrnant, f`guk s`p`budbyn`p`budbyn t`rstnbmnr, mnb f`guk megnauanb ue prnagebea mnb t`rstnbmnr, mnb f`guk megnauanb ue prnagebea mnb

agebea. agebea.

Jfnt D`rfng

Jfnt D`rfng ]`]`rstnbmnr rstnbmnr 

Adnsent ynbl mecnbtukanb sumnd mefuateanb m`blnb Adnsent ynbl mecnbtukanb sumnd mefuateanb m`blnb ue prnagebea, sumnd t`rstnbmnr, mnb sumnd megnauanb ue prnagebea, sumnd t`rstnbmnr, mnb sumnd megnauanb

ue prnagebea mnb!ntnu ue agebea f`guk g`blanp. ue prnagebea mnb!ntnu ue agebea f`guk g`blanp.

> >

"etjinrknan "etjinrknan

Adnsent ynbl mecnbtukanb sumnd mefuateanb m`blnb Adnsent ynbl mecnbtukanb sumnd mefuateanb m`blnb

ue prnagebea mnb agebea, s

ue prnagebea mnb agebea, sumnd t`rstnbmnr, mnb sumndumnd t`rstnbmnr, mnb sumnd megnauanb ue agebea m`blnb g`blanp #ins` $, ins` %, megnauanb ue agebea m`blnb g`blanp #ins` $, ins` %,

mnb ins` &'. mnb ins` &'.

 (nrajtean  (nrajtean

Dnrus m`blnb r`s`p mjat`r mnb k`blnaefntanb Dnrus m`blnb r`s`p mjat`r mnb k`blnaefntanb

a`t`rlnbtublnb ynbl aunt. Mestrefusebyn a`t`rlnbtublnb ynbl aunt. Mestrefusebyn

mea`bmngeanb jg`d p`k`rebtnd. mea`bmngeanb jg`d p`k`rebtnd.

)seajtrjpean

)seajtrjpean Dnrus m`blnb r`s`p mjat`r mnb anmnblDnrus m`blnb r`s`p mjat`r mnb anmnbl k`blnaefntanb a`t`rlnbtublnb. k`blnaefntanb a`t`rlnbtublnb.

Jfnt *nef +pjt`a  Jfnt *nef +pjt`a 

Jfnt a`rns ynbl mnpnt mes`rndanb jg`d npjt`a`r  Jfnt a`rns ynbl mnpnt mes`rndanb jg`d npjt`a`r 

m`blnb synrnt mnb a`t`btunb ynbl f`rgnau m`blnb synrnt mnb a`t`btunb ynbl f`rgnau k`burut ubmnblubmnbl, mnpnt melubnanb k`burut ubmnblubmnbl, mnpnt melubnanb ubtua swnk`meanse ntnu p`bljfntnb ruteb. ubtua swnk`meanse ntnu p`bljfntnb ruteb.

Ljgjblnb Ljgjblnb Inrknajgjle

Inrknajgjle KK``aannbbeesskk` ` NNaassee CCjjbbttjj  JJffnntt +b

+bnsnst`t`se +se +kekemnmn FgFgjajanmnm` r`` r`-`-`rsrsefef`g p`g pnmnmn ann anbnbng bng bntrtreueukk  pnmn nasjb

 pnmn nasjb

emjaneb, fupe-eaneb emjaneb, fupe-eaneb +

+bbnnsstt``sse e //sstt``rr FF``bb??jjaanneebb, , pprrjjaanneebb +bteajgeb`st`rns`

+bteajgeb`st`rns` >bdefese demrjgeses ns`tegajgeb pnmn>bdefese demrjgeses ns`tegajgeb pnmn `b?ek ajgeb`st`rns`

`b?ek ajgeb`st`rns` )eremjstelkeb, b`jstelkeb)eremjstelkeb, b`jstelkeb +ljbes

+ljbes kusanrebea 

kusanrebea  66``kknnccu u rr``ss``ppttjjr r kkuussaannrreebbeeaa ))eeggjjaannrrppeebb +

+lljjbbees s bbeeaajjtteebbeeaa 66``kknnccu u rr``ss``ppttjjr r bbeeaajjtteebbeeaa ((eeaajjtteebb +btnljbes +btnljbes kusanrebea  kusanrebea  6`bldnkfnt r`s`ptjr kusanrebea mnb 6`bldnkfnt r`s`ptjr kusanrebea mnb k`blnaefntanb `i`a

k`blnaefntanb `i`a `xcetntjry`xcetntjry +trjpeb, dejseb, epntrjpeuk+trjpeb, dejseb, epntrjpeuk +gin fgjca`r 

+gin fgjca`r  6`bldnkfnt r`s`ptjr ngin nmr`b`rlea,6`bldnkfnt r`s`ptjr ngin nmr`b`rlea, s`deblln t`rnme megntnse -`bn.

s`deblln t`rnme megntnse -`bn. )rn?jseb)rn?jseb

F`

F`tn tn ffgjgjcaca`r`r 6`6`bbldldnknkfnfnt rt r`s`s`p`ptjtjr fr f`t`tn nn nmrmr`b`b`r`rlleaea..

F`tn$ s`g`atei 3 fesjprjgjg F`tn$ s`g`atei 3 fesjprjgjg ##gjw mjs`gjw mjs`', nt`bjgjg,', nt`bjgjg, k`tjprjgjg k`tjprjgjg F`tn fgjca`r bjbs`g`atei 3 F`tn fgjca`r bjbs`g`atei 3  prjpnbjgjg  prjpnbjgjg F`tn% nljbes F`tn% nljbes 6`beblantanb a`rn r`s`ptjr f`tn 6`beblantanb a`rn r`s`ptjr f`tn nmr`b`rlea %, s`debln t`rnme r`gnasnse nmr`b`rlea %, s`debln t`rnme r`gnasnse

jtjt pjgjs frjbaus. jtjt pjgjs frjbaus. =ngfutnkjg, ijrkjt`rjg, =ngfutnkjg, ijrkjt`rjg, sngk`t`rjg sngk`t`rjg

+0/ >bdefetjr 

+0/ >bdefetjr  6`bldnkfnt p`rufndnb nblejt`bseb >6`bldnkfnt p`rufndnb nblejt`bseb > k`bnme nblejt`bseb >> pnmn lebng

k`bnme nblejt`bseb >> pnmn lebng Anptjpreg, gesebjpreg, `bngnpregAnptjpreg, gesebjpreg, `bngnpreg +blejt`bseb

+blejt`bseb 9`c`ptjr Fgjca`r 

9`c`ptjr Fgjca`r  6`b6`bldnldnkfnkfnt pnmn r`s`t pnmn r`s`ptjptjr nblejr nblejt`bt`bsebseb <<nngsngsnrtnbrtnb, gjsnr, gjsnrtnbtnb, cnbm`, cnbm`snrtsnrtnbnb Cngceuk Cdnbb`g  Cngceuk Cdnbb`g   Fgjca`r   Fgjca`r  6`bldnkfnt knsua angseuk pnmn s`g 6`bldnkfnt knsua angseuk pnmn s`g jtjt nbtubl jtjt nbtubl MD) 3 +kgjmepeb, bei`mepeb MD) 3 +kgjmepeb, bei`mepeb  (jbMD)  (jbMD) 3 Megten?`k,3 Megten?`k, -`rnpnkeg -`rnpnkeg Meur`tea tden?em` Meur`tea tden?em` 6`bldnkfnt r`nfsjrfse bntreuk me 6`bldnkfnt r`nfsjrfse bntreuk me tufugus mestng, s`deblln k`beblantanb tufugus mestng, s`deblln k`beblantanb `asr`se ner, bntreuk, mnb ejb demrjl`b. `asr`se ner, bntreuk, mnb ejb demrjl`b.

Demrjagjrten?em Demrjagjrten?em Meur`tea sugijb Meur`tea sugijb 6`bldnkfnt r`nfsjrfse bntreuk mnb 6`bldnkfnt r`nfsjrfse bntreuk mnb agjremn me tufugus prjasekng, tufugus agjremn me tufugus prjasekng, tufugus mestng, mnb g`blaubl D`bg`, s`deblln mestng, mnb g`blaubl D`bg`, s`deblln k`beblantanb `asr`se ner, bntreuk, k`beblantanb `asr`se ner, bntreuk, agjremn, knlb`seuk, mnb angseuk. agjremn, knlb`seuk, mnb angseuk.

"urjs`kem "urjs`kem +btnljbes +btnljbes ngmjst`rjb ngmjst`rjb 6`bleant r`s`ptjr ngmjst`rjb me tufugus 6`bleant r`s`ptjr ngmjst`rjb me tufugus mestng, s`deblln k`beblantanb s`ar`se mestng, s`deblln k`beblantanb s`ar`se

bntreuk mnb agjremn mnb k`bndnb bntreuk mnb agjremn mnb k`bndnb

angeuk mnb ejb demrjl`b. angeuk mnb ejb demrjl`b.

=perjbjgnatjb =perjbjgnatjb

Ajrteajst`rjem Ajrteajst`rjem

6jmugnse k`tnfjgesk` gepem, 6jmugnse k`tnfjgesk` gepem, anrfjdemrnt, mnb prjt`eb s`rtn anrfjdemrnt, mnb prjt`eb s`rtn k`kp`rtndnbanb a`s`ekfnblnb cnernb. k`kp`rtndnbanb a`s`ekfnblnb cnernb. 6`bljbtrjg sebt`ses prjt`eb, k`b`anb 6`bljbtrjg sebt`ses prjt`eb, k`b`anb kelrnse )6( mnb iefrjfgns, k`blufnd kelrnse )6( mnb iefrjfgns, k`blufnd anpegnretns k`kfrnb, mnb k`bstnfeganb anpegnretns k`kfrnb, mnb k`bstnfeganb gesjsjk. gesjsjk. 6`tegpr`mbesjgjb, 6`tegpr`mbesjgjb, demrjajrtesjb demrjajrtesjb Felunbem Felunbem

6`burubanb prjmuase lguajsn d`pntea, 6`burubanb prjmuase lguajsn d`pntea, k`burubanb nfsjrfse lguajsn me sngurnb k`burubanb nfsjrfse lguajsn me sngurnb

c`rbn, mnb k`beblantanb s`bsete-etns c`rbn, mnb k`beblantanb s`bsete-etns r`s`ptjr ebsugeb. r`s`ptjr ebsugeb. 6`tijrkeb 6`tijrkeb =ugijbegur`n =ugijbegur`n

6`beblantanb s`ar`se ebsugeb, 6`beblantanb s`ar`se ebsugeb, 6`burubanb prjmuase lguajsn d`pntea, 6`burubanb prjmuase lguajsn d`pntea, mnb k`beblantanb s`bsete-etns r`s`ptjr  mnb k`beblantanb s`bsete-etns r`s`ptjr  ebsugeb. ebsugeb. 4gef`bagnkem, lgek`perem 4gef`bagnkem, lgek`perem

D640j+ 9`muctns`

>bdefetjr 

6`bldnkfnt `b?ek p`blufnd sufstrnt ajg`st`rjg #D640j+ 9`muctns`'

=ek-nstnteb, ntjr-nstnteb, rjsu-nstnteb

+snk "efrnt

6`bldnkfnt gepjgeses p`rei`r mnb k`burubanb p`blnkfegnb nsnk g`kna 

 f`fns jg`d dnte.

4`kiefrj?eg

9`seb +snk /kp`mu

6`bleant nsnk `kp`mu pnmn sngurnb c`rbn.

Ajg`stepjg, Ajg`s`g-nk, Ajg`sternkeb

Feijsijbnt

6`bleant arestng demrjasenpntet pnmn tugnbl mnb k`bldnkfnt jst`jagnst s`rtn

k`bldnkfnt p`g`pnsnb keb`rng mnb ajgnl`b mnre tugnbl.

+snk ng`bmrjbnt, nsnk res`bmrjbnt

)rjtjb )ukp >bdefetjr 

6`bldnkfnt pjkpn prjtjb mngnk

s`ar`se ejb demrjl`b pnmn gnkfubl. Jk`prn?jg, pnbtjprn?jg

D% +btnljbes

6`bldnkfnt r`s`ptjr D% pnmn s`g  pnre`tng gnkfubl, s`deblln k`bldnkfnt s`ar`se nsnk gnkfubl.

"nkjtemeb, rnbetemeb, sek`temeb

D$ +btnljbes 6`bldnkfnt r`s`ptjr D$, s`deblln temna t`nme nate-nse jg`d destnkeb.

4`b`rnse gnkn 3 agjri`bernkeb kng`nt.

4`b`rnse fnru 3 gjrntnmeb, c`tere?eb, i`5ji`bnmeb. +btefejtean

)`besegeb

6`bldnkfnt sebt`ses mebmebl fnat`re #ljgjblnb f`tn gnatnk'. +kjasesegeb, nkpesegeb +btefejtean =`ingjspjreb 4`b`rnse $ 3 0`irnmjaseg 4`b`rnse % 3 0`iurjasek 4`b`rnse & 3 0`itrenasjb, c`ijtnasek, c`itn?emek

+btefejtean ]`trnseageb

6`bldnkfnt sebt`ses prjt`eb m`blnb k`bleant sufubet refjsjk &8= mnb 18= mnb k`bleant gjlnk ubtua k`tnfjgesk`

 fnat`re. ]`trnsageb, jaset`trnseageb, mjaseseageb +btefejtean 7uebjgjb 6`bldnkfnt M(+ lerns`, s`deblln

k`rusna struatur mjufg` d`gex M(+. 0eprjigjasnseb, g`-jigjasnseb +btefejtean

6narjgemn

6`bldnkfnt sebt`ses prjt`eb m`blnb k`bleant sufubet refjsjk &8= mnb 18=.

+?etrjkeseb, agnretjkeseb, `retrjkeseb

"`beajg k`bleant sufubet refjsjk 18=. A`nknbnb Jfnt mnb ]jaseajgjle

A`nknbnb Jfnt n! Eb"`as A`nkegnb

6nsn a`dnkegnb k`rupnanb knsn aretes p`rtukfudnb nbeb. (nkub, temna nrnbl met`kue efu dnkeg ynbl k`bm`retn p`bynaet t`rt`btu snnt dnke. F`reaut nmngnd ebm`as a`dnkegnb mnb a`t`rnblnb

k`bl`bne ebm`as a`dnkegnb 3 Eb"`as

A`nkegnb

A`t`rnblnb _`bll#bnnb Agebes

+ =tume t`rajbtrjg pnmn wnbetn dnkeg temna   k`kp`rgedntanb nmnbyn r`seaj t`rdnmnp

 nbeb pmn a`dnkegnb trek`st`r $ mnb trek`st`r f`reautbyn.

Mnpnt melubnanb s`cnrn nknb  fnle wnbetn dnkeg.

F =tume t`rdnmnp r`prjmuase febntnbl k`kp`rgedntanb temna nmn r`seaj t`rdnmnp nbeb, t`tnp f`guk nmn stume

t`rajbtrjg t`rdnmnp knbusen.

Mnpnt melubnanb r`gntei nknb fnle wnbetn dnkeg.

0 =tume pnmn febntnbl p`rcjfnnb k`kp`rgedntanb nmnbyn `i`a t`rdnmnp  nbeb mnb stume t`rajbtrjg pnmn wnbetn mnb febntnbl temna t`rs`men ntnu temna 

mnpnt megnauanb.

)`bllubnnb jfnt dnrus k`kp`rtekfnblanb knbinnt agebes mnb r`seaj t`rdnmnp nbeb.

M ]`rmnpnt fuate nmnbyn r`seaj pnmn nbeb  pnmn febntnbl p`rcjfnnb ntnu stume pnmn

knbusen.

)`bllubnnb jfnt mnpnt melubnanb mngnk ansus gei`-tdr`nt`bebl ntnu

npnfegn nmn ngt`rbntei g`fed fnea  dnrus meutnknanb.

; =tume pnmn knbusen mnb febntnbl k`kp`rgedntanb nmnbyn nfbjrkngtns

 pnmn nbeb.

]emna menburanb p`bllubnnbbyn s`gnkn knsn a`dnkegnb.

f! @$`a %nk&ebl F`f`rn&n Jfnt

+kgjmepeb /m`kn mnb `m`kn pnru

Anptjpreg Fntua  

)ern?ebnkem (y`re tugnbl, d`pntjtjasea  

>(D A`s`kutnb, d`pntjtjasea  

9einkpeseb 6`blufnd wnrbn ureb k`bnme k`rnd, ebmuase setjarjk

=tr`ptjkeseb Jtjtjases, b`irjtjases

+s`tjsng )`rmnrndnb, eretnse sngurnb c`rbn, tebetus Demrjagjrten?em Depjang`ken, a`bneanb nsnk urnt Ajrteajst`rjem >bdngnse 0nbmemnses

Ajrteajst`rjem Jrng >retnse sngurnb c`rbn, kjjb inc` anr`bn r`t`bse  (n mnb +er, a`rjpjs tugnbl

/tnkfutjg Futn wnrbn, a`futnnb

"`betjeb Leblevng dyp`rpgnsen, ebmus`r setjarjk Anrfnkn?`peb D`pntjtjasea mnre k`tnfjgetbyn, ebmus`r  

setjarjk

Jrgestnt "`s`s f`rg`kna  

+btefejtean Auebjgjb 6`bldnkfnt p`rtukfudnb nbna   +btefejtean ]`trnseageb Ajgjrnse lele k`bnme aubebl

+btefejtean +kebjlgeajsemn

 (`irjtjases

Feijsijbnt >retnse sngurnb c`rbn

=`kun J+] 6ung mnb kubtnd

0jm`eb Ajbstepnse

>!>!>! ]jaseajgjle

Ansus a`rncubnb s`gngu met`kuanb t`ranet m`blnb p`bllubnnb fndnb aeken s`fnlne jfnt ntnu a`c`gnannb. F`reaut nmngnd mnitnr s`bynwn ynbl mnpnt f`rseint rncub mnb p`bnwnr ynbl mnpnt mef`reanb 3 %#fstrnt Vn'#b _`bn(nr )nrns`tnkjg +s`tegsest`eb jlnk f`rnt #+s, )f, Dl, 0u' F+ #mek`cnprjg' jlnk f`rnt #)f' /M]+ "`rruk M`i`rjasnkeb Jpejem (ngjasjb

)`stesemn jrlnbjijsint +trjpeb, )rngemjasek

=enbemn (etret, (etrnt

F`tn fgjca`r 4guanljb

F`b?jmen?`peb "gukn?`beg

Anrfjbkjbjasemn Jasel`b, dep`rfnrea jasel`b

Auknreb <etnkeb A  

Meljaseb Meljaseb "+F

D`pnreb )rjtnkeb

>(D )eremjaseb

 (etret 6`teg`b Fgu`

>!)! Cnrn _`knanenb Jfnt

)`knanenb jfnt ynbl t`pnt k`kegeae f`f`rnpn p`rtekfnblnb, sngnd sntubyn nmngnd seint iesean aeken jfnt, k`bleaute retk` fejgjles tufud mnb!ntnu k`bleaute t$!%jfnt ynbl melubnanb. =`fnlne cjbtjd

 p`bllubnnb ntjr-nstnteb mnb sek-nstnteb k`kegeae p`rf`mnnb. +tjr-nstnteb mnpnt mef`reanb pnmn sjr` dnre, s`mnblanb sek-nstnteb dnrus mef`reanb kngnk dnre. Dng ebe t`rnme anr`bn t$!%ntjr-nstnteb nmngnd

$2 nk, s`mnblanb sek-nstnteb % nk, s`deblln sek-nstnteb dnrus s`l`rn melubnanb pnmn wnatu  fejgjles tufud ubtua sebt`ses ajg`st`rjg, ynetu pnmn wnatu kngnk dnre. 4jgjblnb feijsijbnt dnrus

mef`reanb m`blnb cnrn pnse`b dnrus mumua meanr`bnanb seint aeken jfnt ynbl eretntei, s`deblln m`blnb mumua mednrnpanb f`rebt`rnase seblant m`blnb sngurnb c`rbn ntns mnb s`l`rn k`knsuae gnkfubl. >!*! Inrknajaeb`tean

$.&.$. A`c`pntnb >bius 9 : S x Mjses ᶰ  Meknbn 3 9 : a`c`pntnb ebius = : irnase natei  ᶰ : ebt`r-ng p`kf`renb

)nse`b +]= k`b`rekn ebius t`jiegeb m`blnb mjses 28 kl tenp nk. F`rnpnand a`c`pntnb ebius ynbl dnrus menturO Mea`tndue t`jiegeb k`kegeae irnase natei s`f`snr N8 .

9 : S x Mjses

ᶰ 

9 : ?,4 x=? > 9 : &% kl!nk

$.&.%. )`rufndnb Mjses >btrn-`bn a` Mjses )`rjrng

Ckukbyn mef`reanb pnmn a`nmnnb tubna r`rntn #0n-', m`blnb rukus 3 M : Cnv x a x Ym xᶰ 

 I x S Meknbn 3

0n- : ajbs`btrnse tubna r`rntn a : ajbstnbtn `gekebnse <m : -jguk` mestrefuse " : irnase fejn-nefegetns = : irnase natei  ᶰ : ebt`r-ng p`kf`renb

)nse`b 9+ %N tndub, N al mer`s`panb ]`trnseageb D0g ubtua a`gudnb 4jbjrrdn`. ]`trnseageb D0g k`kegeae fejn-nfegetns jrng   m`blnb s`kun irnase natei. <jguk` mestrefuse s`f`snr 8,% !alFF, wnatu pnrj `gekebnse nmngnd $8,@ nk. Anmnr tubna r`rntn ynbl melubnanb mngnk p`bljfntnb 9+ me ruknd snaet nmngnd &1 kl!k. +pnfegn 9+ mee?ebanb pugnbl jg`d mjat`r mnb k`b`rusanb t`rnpe t`trnseageb D0g p`rjrng m`blnb ebt`r-ng tenp @ nk, f`rnpnand mjses ynbl +bmn snrnbanbO

Mea`tndue 3 <m : 8,% !alFF 5 N al : $1,@  A : 8,@I&!t$!%: 8,@I&!$8,@ : 8,8@1 !nk  M : Cnv x a xYm xᶰ   I x S M : 30  kl kG x?,?90 x>0,9 x9 ?,<< x> M : %@,12 kl L &88 kl

$.2.$. Dep`rt`bse

Dep`rt`bse meagnseieanseanb s`fnlne f`reaut 3

6`burut H(0 , tnrl`t t`rnpe mnb jfnt ynbl mepeged nmngnd s`fnlne f`reaut 3

Ajb"ese ]nrl`t ]`anbnb Mnrn Jfnt _egenb

 (jrkng $28!I8 kkDl ]ubllng 3 +0/ >bdefetjr +9F, 00F, ntnu meur`tea tden?em

+0/ >bdefetjr ntnu +9F E meur`ea ten?em ntnu +0/ >bdefetjr ntnu +9F E 00F

4`rentrea  $28!I8 kkDl +0/ >bdefetjr, +9F, ntnu meur`tea ten?em 4nlng lebng arjbes

m`blnb ngfukeburen # &8 kl ngfukeb!%2

 nk'

 $&8!N8 kkDl +0/ >bdfetjr ntnu +9F

Menf`t`s k`ggetus  $&8!N8 kkDl "erst geb` 3 +0/ >bdfetjr ntnu +9F =`cjbm geb` 3 00F

]derm geb` 3 meur`tea ten?em ntnu f`tnfgjca`r  4nlng nbtubl m`blnb

 p`blurnblnb -jguk`

 $&8!N8 kkDl "erst geb` 3 +0/ >bdfetjr ntnu +9F E f`tn  fgjca`r 

=`cjbm geb` 3 nbtnljbes ngmjst`rjb  _jst-kyjcnrmeng 

ebinra 

 $&8!N8 kkDl F`tn fgjca`r E +0/ >bdefetjr ntnu +9F

Cjrjbnry nrt`ry mes`ns`

 $&8!N8 kkDl "erst geb` 3 f`tnfgjca`r E +0/ >bdfetjr ntnu +9F

=`cjbm geb` 3 00F

]derm geb` 3 meur`tea ten?em )`bc`lndnb

a`ankfudnb strja`

 $&8!N8 kkDl Meur`tean ten?em ntnu meur`tean ten?em E +0/ >bdefetjr 

]nrl`t p`burubnb t`anbnb mnrnd mnpnt H(0  mnb H(0 N snblnt f`rf`mn. )nmn H(0 N, p`burubnb t`anbnb mnrnd temna nlr`sei s`p`rte H(0 . F`reaut nmngnd tnrl`t k`burut H(0 N 3

$.2.%. Mesgepem`ke mnb F`rnt Fnmnb F`rg`fed

6`burut +]) >>>, mngnk tntn gnasnbn p`burubnb M mnb knbn`k`b r`seaj p`bynaet m`l`b`rntei nmn inatjr r`seaj ynbl dnrus mea`tndue, f`reaut nmngnd inatjr r`seaj k`burut +]) >>>.

Inatjr V`seaj Begne

eblanr )ebllnbl *nbetn NN ck #&1 ebcd' eblanr )ebllnbl )ren $%8 ck # 28 ebcd'

]relges`remn G$18 kl!m

DM )ren  28 kl!m

DM *nbetn  18 kl!m

]`anbnb mnrnd G $&8!N1 kkDl

4guajsn punsn G $$8 kl!m

M`blnb k`bl`tndue inatjr r`seaj, tnrl`t p`burubnb M mnb k`kugne t`rnpe mnpnt mea`tndue. F`reaut nmngnd tnrl`t mnb begne M k`kugne t`rnpe 3

Inatjr V`seaj ]nrl`t _`b#r#bnb GMG Begne GMG k#gne t`rn&e bjb$nrknajgjle Begne GMG k#gne t`rn&e jfnt +mn rewnynt cjrjbnry d`nrt   $88 kl!m G $88 kl!m G $&8 kl!m

mes`ns` ntnu m`blnb inatjr r`seaj s`tnrn

G % inatjr r`seaj  $&8 kl!m G $&8 kl!m )nbtnunb s`gnkn $8 tndub m`blnb $8 K  %8  r`seaj G $&8 kl!m )nbtnunb s`gnkn $8 tndub m`blnb r`seaj  $8  G $@8 kl!m 8 K $ inatjr r`seaj  $@8 kl!m G $@8 kl!m G $I8 kl!m

F`reaut nmngnd pegednb jfnt ynbl mnpnt mef`reanb 3 Ljgjblnb Cjbtj

Jfnt

@$`a ]`rn&e @$`a %nk&ebl Ajbtrneb"eanse

D64 0j+ 9`muctns` >bdefetjr  =ek-nstnteb gj-nstnteb,  petn-nstnteb, rjsu-nstnteb 6`burubanb M mnb trelges`remn, k`bneaanb DM 6ejpnte, k`beblantanb `b?ek dnte

)`bynaet ge-`r natei mnb arjbes 9`seb nsnk `kp`mu 0jg`stepjg 0jg`s`g-nk 0jg`sternke b 6`burubanb M, k`bneaanb DM LE ps`t  Ajbstepnse 6`burubanb nfsjrfse jfnt ]relges`remn  288 kl!m +snk beajtebnt +snk beajtebnt 6`burubanb M mnb trelges`remn, k`bneaanb DM 6uan k`rnd Depjlgea`ke Dep`rures`ken D`pntjtjases LE ps`t 

)`bynaet ge-`r arjbes 4jut pnrnd +snk iefrnt 4`kiefrj?eg "`bjiefrnt 6`burubanb M mnb trelges`remn, k`bneaanb DM Mesp`psen Fntu `kp`mu 6ejpnte

4nbllunb lebng mnb dnte  pnrnd

)`burubnb f`rnt fnmnb mnpnt melubnanb jrgestnt, npnfegn tnrl`t m`blnb t`rnpe bjbinrknajgjle temna k`bcnpne p`burubnb $8  f`rnt fnmnb. Jrgestnt k`kegeae `i`a snkpebl i`s`s f`rg`kna mnb mnpnt k`bllnblu nfsjrfse -etnkeb, seagjspjreb, mnb g`-jterjaseb.

$.2.&. 6`tnfjgesk` mnb Mnrnd

Ajb"ese ]nb"n "nb L`+ngn Jfnt _egenb )jgycystec J-nrenb

=ybmrjk`

Dersutesk` #tukfud rnkfut', lguajsn teblle, k`bstrunse temna t`rntur.

Agjkei`b setrnt, k`tijrkeb #lguajsn teblle'

Dep`rterjem 4ulup, c`kns, tnaeanrme, tr`kjr #l`ngn terjtjaseajses', a`g`kndnb jtjt, turub  f`rnt fnmnb F`tnfgjca`r #nt`bjgjg ntnu  prjpnbjgjg'  ubtua l`ngn tr`kjr, tnaeanrme, mnb c`kns #l`ngn terjtjaseajses' nl`b nbteterjem #prjpegtdejurnseg, k`tdekn?jg, A>' Depjterjem A`g`kndnb, frnmeanrme,

kumnd k`blnbtua,  ljet`r 

`-jterjaseb, gejtderjbeb

+b`ken 6`lngjfgnstea (egne 60< f`snr, begne anmnr F$% r`bmnd, ntnu

begne anmnr nsnk ijgnt r`bmnd.

=enbjajfngnkeb, nsnk ijgnt

+b`ken +pgnstea A`g`kndnb, p`rmnrndnb luse, f`blana pnmn anae, s`rtn begne r`bmnd pnmn r`teaugjset mnb *F0. +l`b ekubjsupr`snb 3 k`tegpr`mbesjgjb, seagjspjreb D`knpj`tec 4rjwtd "nctjr 3 ieglnstrek +l`b nbteb`jpgnstea 3 igumnrnfeb A`gntjr 3 M`i`rj5nkeb

+b`ken m`iese`bse f`se (egne 60< r`bmnd mnb s`ruk i`retreb r`bmnd.

Jst`jpjrjses =naet pnmn tugnbl t`rt`btu, p`burubnb teblle fnmnb, p`rufndnb

struatur tufud, begne ] scjr` me fnwnd K %,1.

=upg`k`btnse angseuk #angseuk anrfjbnt, angseuk setrnt', i erst 

geb` #nsnk ng`bmrjbnt, nsnk res`bmrjbnt', ngt`rbntei  #rngjasei`b, nsnk efnbmrjbnt'

$.2.2. Menf`t`s

Menf`t`s metnbmn m`blnb l`ngn 3 pjge-nle #fnbyna knanb', pjgeuren #fnbyna funbl ner a`ceg', mnb pjgemepse #fnbyna kebuk'. Menf`t`s meljgjblanb k`bnme mun tep` utnkn, ynetu tep` > mnb tep` >>.

)nmn tep` >, pnse`b g`fed c`bm`rubl k`kegeae f`rnt fnmnb r`bmnd mnb k`blngnke a`tjnsemjses, s`mnblanb pnmn tep` >> c`bm`rubl jf`setns.

F`reaut nmngnd tnrl`t t`rnpe mnre menf`t`s k`ggetus 3

Mngnk tntngnasnbn t`rnpe, menf`t`s k`ggetus tep` $ mnb % k`kegeae p`rf`mnnb. F`reaut nmngnd tntngnasnbn t`rnpe k`burut +M+ %8$1 3

Jfnt A`t`rnblnb

6`tijrkeb Melubnanb npnfegn t`rnpe bjbinrknajgjle f`guk k`bljbtrjg anmnr lguajsn pnse`b

>bsugeb E nbtemenf`tean jrng ntnu ebsugeb tubllng

)nse`b fnru t`rmenlbjsn l`ngn M6 tep` % ntnu t`rnme a`bneanb anmnr lguajsn ntnu Df+$0

)`bnkfndnb nbtemenf`tean jrng a`mun ntnu ebsugeb

+pnfegn nbtemenf`tean jrng temna k`bubuaanb p`rfneanb s`t`gnd & fugnb pnmn begne Df+$0

Mngnk t`rnpe M6 tep` $ dnrus k`bllubnanb ebsugeb. F`reaut nmngnd `bes ebsugeb ynbl mnpnt melubnanb 3

A`r+n Ebs#geb Cjbtj _`bll#bnnb

9npem +ctebl Dukngjl #ebsugeb gesprj', (j-jjl #ebsugeb nspnrt', +pemrn #ebsugeb

lgugeseb`'

1 K $1 k`bet s`f`guk knanb

=djrt +ctebl Dukugeb 9, (j-jgeb 9 &8 k`bet s`f`guk knanb >bt`rk`ment Dukugeb (, (j-jgeb ( Ckukbyn $ 5 s`dnre jbl +ctebl nbtus #ebsugeb lgnrleb`', `-`ker  

#ebsugeb m`t`ker'

Ckukbyn $ 5 s`dnre me wnatu ynbl snkn

$.2.1. +snk Crnt

Ljut  k`rupnanb p`bynaet ynbl metnbmne m`blnb anmnr nsnk urnt s`ruk g`fed f`snr mnre @,N ntnu ,8 kl!mg. )nmn knbn`k`b t`rnpe ljut mnb dep`rures`ken, tuunb t`rnpebyn nmngnd 3

$. 6`blurnble s`rnblnb naut.

%. 6`bldebmnre t`rnmebyn s`rnblnb.

&. 6`bldebmnre ajkpgeanse ynbl mes`fnfanb jg`d p`bukpuanb arjbes arestng nsnk urnt me nreblnb. )`bllubnnb jfnt pnmn t`rnpe ljut nmngnd ubtua k`bmuaubl t`rcnpnebyn tuunb t`rnpe. Ajbmese ebignknse mnpnt me ntnse m`blnb p`kf`renb (=+>M, ajrteajst`rjem, ntnu ajgaeseb, s`mnblanb ubtua k`bc`lnd s`rnblnb ljut  m`blnb k`blntur anmnr nsnk urnt mngnk mnrnd nlnr temna g`fed mnre @,N ntnu ,8 kl!mg mnpnt melubnanb nggjpurebjg, i`fu5jstnt, ntnu prjf`b`sem.

Ajb"ese A`t`rnblnb

Dep`rures`ken "erst geb` ynbl melubnanb nmngnd nggjpurebjg ntnu i`fu5jsnt. +pnfegn ng`rle t`rdnmnp 5nbtdeb` j5emns` ebdefetjr #;J>' fesn melubnanb prjf`b`sem.

Ajkfebnse ;J> #nggjpurebjg ntnu i`fu5jsnt' mnb nl`b ureajsurea #prjf`b`sem' t`ranmnbl mefutudanb. )`bm`retn lnlng lebng dnrus k`blntur mjses

nggjpurebjg.

>bignknse Dnrus menss`sk`bt teblant ebignknse mnb teblant by`re #by`re melubnanb -esung nbngjl scng` #<+=''. Mnpnt melubnanb t`rnpe tubllng ntnu ajkfebnse. Jfnt pegednb nmngnd 3 (=+>M, ajrteajst`rjem, mnb ajgaeseb.

$.2.@. 6nbn`k`b (y`re

]eblant (y`re ]`rnpe

9eblnb #8 K &' )nrns`tnkjg @18 kl, nspereb 188 kl, efuprji`b 288 kl, ntnu (=+>M fesn metnkfnd (=+>M gneb,

nbtem`pr`snb treseagea, mnb jfnt a`nbl 6`b`blnd #2 K @' )nrns`tnkjg &%1 kl E jpejem #ajm`eb'

)nrnd # K $8' 6jrieb ntnu i`btnbeg fesn metnkfnd (=+>M gneb, nbtem`pr`snb treseagea, mnb jfnt a`nbl >!,!-! @&eg`&se

.`bes @&eg`&se Ierst Geb` k`b#r#t /A   L#e"`geb`

Ngt`rbnte$ k`b#r#t /A  L#e"`geb`

)nrteng =`e?ur` #Menlbjses Fnru'

Anrfnkn?`peb, gnkjtreleb `-`ternc`tnk, j5anrfn?`peb, nsnk -ngprjnt )nrteng =`e?ur` #r`irnctjry kjbjtd`rnpy' nkjtreleb, j5cnrfn?`peb, tjpernknt  )nrteng =`e?ur` #r`irnctjry nmubct' Anrfnkn?`peb, agjfn?nk, lnfnp`bteb, gnkjtreleb, g`-`ternc`tnk, j5cnrfn?`peb, nsnk -ngprjnt, tjpernknt ncjsnkem, i`bjfnrfetng, i`betjeb, pr`lnfngeb, tenlnfeb,

-elnfntreb, ?jbesnkem 4`b`rnge?`m =`e?ur` nfs`bc` /tjasusekem, gnkjtreleb, nsnk -ngprjnt Agjfn?nk, agjbn?`pnk, g`-`ternc`tnk, tjpernknt, ?jbesnkem )reknry l`b`rng #tjbec cgjbec' +snk -ngprjnt, gnkjtreleb, anrfnkn?`peb, j5anrfn?`peb Agjfn?nk, g`-`ternc`tnk, tjpernknt Hu-`beg` kyjcgjbec `peg`psy /tjasusekem, gnkjtreleb, nsnk -ngprjnt Agjfn?nk, agjbn?`pnk, g`-`ternc`tnk, tjpernknt, ?jbesnkem $.2.N. +skn

)nmn ajbmese nskn, pnse`b dnrus s`rebl meajbtrjg. Ajbtrjg mnpnt k`bllubnanb sperjk`tre mnb

k`knbtnu ir`au`bse s`rnblnb nskn. F`reaut nmngnd tndnpnb mngnk t`rnpe nskn mnb r`ajk`bmnse ynbl mef`reanb 3

Jfnt ynbl melubnanb mngnk t`rnpe nskn nmngnd s`fnlne f`reaut 3 Jfnt A`t`rnblnb +F+ #jbl +ctebl F`tn% +ljbes' 3 sngk`t`rjg Melubnanb ruteb mngnk p`bljfntnb nskn =+F+ #=djrt +ctebl F`tn% +ljbes' 3 sngfutnkjg #ngfut`rjg' mnb ijrkjt`rjg

Melubnanb npnfegn k`rnsn nanb s`sna  #)9('

Ajrteajst`rjem Dnrus nmn k`anbesk` tnppebl . +pnfegn melubnanb s`cnrn ebdngnse dnrus aukur ubtua k`bldebmnre nkur me kugut ]`jiegeb =`fneabyn melubnanb me nk ynbl snkn

mnb wnspnmn t`rdnmnp jfnt ebmus`r knupub ebdefetjr.

$.2.I. >bi`ase mnb )`bllubnnb +btefejtean

Mngnk k`keged nbtefejtean, dnrus k`kp`rtekfnblanb sp`atruk nbtefejtean #guns ntnu s`kpet' mnb tep` kearjfen #n`rjf ntnu nbn`rjf'. F`reaut nmngnd ansus pegednb mngnk p`bllubnnb nbtefejtean 3

Eb$`ase _egenb nbtefejtean

=ngurnb (nins +tns 4jgjblnb p`besegeb, ljgjblnb auebjgjb, ljgjblnb knarjgemn, ljgjblnb t`trnseageb.

=ngurnb (nins Fnwnd 4jgjblnb p`besegeb, ljgjblnb auebjgjb, ljgjblnb knarjgemn, ljgjblnb t`trnseageb.

=ngurnb A`ked )`rjrng 3 0jtrekj5n?jg I@8 kl, ijsijkeseb, nkjasesegeb agn-ugnbnt, seprjigjasnseb, g`-jigjasnseb

>b`ase 3 l`btnkeseb, tjfrnkeseb, nkpesegebsugfnatnk, c`itren5jb, c`itn?emek, seprjigjasnseb, g`-jigjasnseb.  "%pygjre &erst geb` ' agnretjkeseb E nkjasesegeb ntnu k`trjbemn?jg ]uf`raugjses Cbtua k`kumndanb ajkfebnse t`rnpe ]F0 melubnanb

seblantnb. D : >(D, 9 : 9einkpeseb, B : )ern?ebnkem, / : /tnkfutjg, = : =tr`ptjkeseb.

"ns` ebt`bsei 3 melubnanb s`tenp dnre s`gnkn mun fugnb. 6ebekng & lnfublnb jfnt ukukbyn melubnanb %D9B/ ntnu %D9B. "ns` gnbutnb 3 s`t`gnd mun fugnb mebyntnanb F]+ #',

megnbutanb 2 fugnb m`blnb mjses % K & 5 s`kebllu #2D&9&'. "ns` sesepnb 3 npnfegn menader ins` ebt`bsei mebyntnanb F]+ #E' melubnanb $ fugnb lnfublnb D9B/ #$D9B/'.

9`gnps, lnlng, ntnu ankfud 3 melubnanb %D9B/= megnbut D9B/ megnbut 1D&9&/&.

FNLENB ) INVKN%@]EAN MNB ]@ABJGJLE INVKN%E %.$. =`mennb "nrknse

%.$.$. Fejinrkns`tean

)nmn p`kfuntnb jfnt, dnrus mep`rdnteanb a`gns p`blljgnblnb jfnt k`burut F=0. F`reaut nmngnd a`gns p`kfnlenb jfnt f`rmnsnranb F=0 3

A`gns F%C Vnt` Geketebl %t`& %jg#se

> #a`gnrutnb f`snr,  p`rk`nfegetns teblle'

A`c`pntnb mesjguse 6`bnkfndanb fndnb ubtua k`kp`rc`pnt

mesjguse >> #a`gnrutnb a`ceg,

 p`k`nfegetns teblle'

A`gnrutnb s`bynwn 6`bnkfndanb fndnb ynbl mnpnt

k`beblantanb a`gnrutnb s`bynwn

>>> #a`gnrutnb teblle,  p`rk`nfegetns r`bmnd'

)`rk`nfegetns s`bynwn 6`bnkfndanb  p`rk`nfegety `bdnbc`r 

 pnmn ijrkugnse >< #a`gnrutnb r`bmnd,

 p`rk`nfegetns r`bmnd'

]emna mea`tndue #temna nmn dufublnb nbtnrn eb-etrj mnb eb-e-j'

%.$.%. )nmnt

=`mennb pnmnt cjbtjdbyn nmngnd s`rfua, lrnbug, tnfg`t, mnb anpsug. )nmn s`mennb pnmnt npnfegn ebleb mefunt tnfg`t dnrus k`kp`rdnteanb f`btua pnrtea`g, uaurnb pnrtea`g, mnb seint aeken, s`deblln mnpnt met`btuanb cnrn p`kfuntnb tnfg`t.

K`tj"` A`t`rnblnb

4rnbugnse Fnsnd =`bynwn natei tndnb ner mnb pnbns, seint nger `g`a, megnauanb  p`kfuntnb knssn m`blnb p`bleant, mea`reblanb gngu menyna. 4rnbugnse A`rebl =`bynwn natei temna tndnb pnbns mnb ner, seint nger `g`a,

megnauanb a`kpn m`blnb fndnb p`blese gngu mednbcuranb mnb menyna.

A`kpn nblsubl =`bynwn natei temna tndnb pnbns mnb ner, seint nger fnea.

)nmn p`kfuntnb anpsug, dnrus mep`rdnteanb seint nger cnkpurnb anr`bn f`rp`blnrud pnmn

a`s`rnlnknb fjfjt snnt p`blesenb anpsug. +bngeses fndnb s`mennb pnmnt mnpnt f`rupn p`b`tnpnb fuga m`bsety mnb sumut menk. Mngnk ajbtrjg aungetns s`mennb pnmnt mnpnt megnauanb a`s`rnlnknb fjfjt, a`s`rnlnknb anmnr, mnb ue mesjguse. Cbtua ue stnfegetns mnpnt megnauanb k`burut >0D.

%.$.&. =`kepnmnt

=`mennb s`kepnmnt cjbtjdbyn nmngnd sng`p, arek, mnb l`g. )nmn p`kfuntnb s`mennb s`kepnmnt, dnrus k`kp`rdnteanb seint demrjiegesetns mnb stnfegetns s`bynwn natei, s`deblln mnpnt met`btuanb cnrn

 p`kfuntnb s`mennb s`kepnmnt. +pnfegn mngnk p`bcnkpurnb arek m`blnb sng`p dnrus melubnanb surinatnb nlnr temna t`rnme p`kesndnb ins`. )`kegednb `kuglntjr mngnk p`kfuntnb arek snblnt mep`rguanb m`blnb k`bldetubl begne DF ynbl mep`rguanb. Ckukbyn s`bynwn ynbl demrjijf mefunt s`mennb sng`p mnb arek `kugse j!w s`rtn s`bynwn demrjieg mefunt s`mennb l`g ntnu arek `kugse w!j. Mngnk ajbtrjg aungetns s`mennb s`kepnmnt mnpnt megnauanb a`s`rnlnknb fjfjt, a`s`rnlnknb anmnr, ue p`g`pnsnb jfnt, ue mnyn g`ant, mnb ue p`by`fnrnb. Cbtua ue stnfegetns mnpnt megnauanb k`burut >0D.

%.$.2. 0ner 

=`mennb cner cjbtjdbyn nmngnd gnrutnb, susp`bse, mnb `kugse. )nmn p`kfuntnb s`mennb cner, dnrus k`kp`rdnteanb pjgnretns, stnfegetns, mnb a`gnrutnb s`bynwn natei, s`deblln mnpnt met`btuanb cnrn  p`kfuntnb s`mennb cner. =`mennb cner mnpnt mef`mnanb k`bnme mun, ynetu st`reg mnb bjbst`reg. )nmn  p`kfuntnb s`mennb st`reg, stnfegetns s`bynwn natei dnrus mep`rdnteanb anr`bn nanb k`keged k`tjm`

st`regesnse ntnu p`kfuntnb s`mennb st`reg. )nmn gnrutnb, s`bynwn natei dnrus k`gnrut pnmn k`meuk mesp`rse. )nmn susp`bse, s`bynwn natei dnrus t`rmesp`rse pnmn k`meuk mesp`rse. )nmn s`mennb `kugse, s`bynwn natei dnrus mnpnt f`rpnrtese pnmn k`meuk mesp`rse. Mngnk p`kfuntnb s`mennb cner, k`tjm`  p`beblantnb a`gnrutnb s`bynwn #sjgufegesnse' mnpnt megnauanb m`blnb p`blufndnb pD gnrutnb,  p`bnkfndnb surinatnb, ntnu k`bnkfndanb ajsjg-`b nlnr kumnd k`gnrut. Mngnk p`kfuntnb

susp`bse, fndnb tnkfndnb mnpnt f`rupn nl`b igjaugnse #p`bc`lnd p`b`kp`gnb pnrtea`g m`blnb tjgnanb kuntnb gestrea' mnb tdeca`bebl nl`bt #k`bnkfnd a`a`btngnb k`meuk mesp`rse nlnr pnrtea`g temna kumnd k`bl`bmnp'% Mngnk p`kfuntnb `kugse, dnrus mep`rdnteanb `kuglntjr ynbl melubnanb s`rtn begne DF ynbl nanb melubnanb. =`mennb `kugse mnb susp`bse dnrus meajcja mndugu mngnk  p`bllubnnb nlnr p`by`fnrnb s`bynwn natei k`rntn. =`mennb `kugse mnb susp`bse mesnrnbanb temna

mesekpnb mngnk g`knre `s anr`bn mnpnt k`blufnd p`by`fnrnb pnrtea`g mnb p`kesndnb ins` `kugse. Mngnk ajbtrjg aungetns s`mennb s`kepnmnt mnpnt megnauanb a`s`rnlnknb -jguk` mnb a`s`rnlnknb anmnr. Cbtua ue stnfegetns mnpnt megnauanb k`burut >0D.

%.$.1. 4ns

=`mennb lns cjbtjdbyn nmngnd n`rjsjg mnb sprny. )nmn p`kfuntnb s`mennb lns, dnrus k`kp`rdnteanb -jgntegetns s`bynwn natei, `bes prjp`gnb, mnb ajkpntefegetns s`bynwn natei m`blnb prjp`gnb, s`deblln mnpnt met`btuanb cnrn p`kfuntnb s`mennb lns. =`mennb lns dnrus mesekpnb nud mnre npe nlnr temna k`g`mna.

%.$.@. )rjmua Fejgjles

)rjmua fejgjles cjbtjdbyn nmngnd prjt`eb r`ajkfebnb, -naseb, s`ruk, mnb tjasjem. )nmn p`kfuntnb  prjmua fejgjles dnrus mep`rdnteanb tuunb p`bllubnnb, stnfegetns s`bynwn natei, mnb k`tjm`

 p`kfuntnb. Dng ebe meanr`bnanb f`f`rnpn prjmua fejgjles snblnt s`bsetei, s`deblln mnpnt rusna jg`d geblaublnb ynbl temna s`sune #sudu, jasel`b, mnb pD'. F`f`rnpn -naseb mnb tjasjem metnkfndanb  p`blnw`t, s`deblln dnrus melubnanb p`blnw`t ynbl temna k`rusna s`bynwn nateibyn. Ckukbyn  prjmua fejgjles dnrus mesekpnb mesudu % K N j_{0 nlnr temna rusna.}

%.%.$. Aungeieanse mnb <ngemnse

Aungeieanse k`rupnanb prjs`s p`kfuatenb s`cnrn t`rtuges f`rmnsnranb mntn ynbl k`bubuaanb a`gnynanb suntu p`rngntnb, insegetns, sest`k p`bubunbl s`sune m`blnb sp`seieanse ynbl t`gnd met`tnpanb. ]ndnpnb aungeieanse nmn `kpnt, ynetu 3

 Aungeieanse M`sneb  Aungeieanse >bstngnse  Aungeieanse Jp`rnsejbng  Aungeieanse )`rijrkn

<ngemnse k`rupnanb tebmnanb p`kfuatenb m`blnb cnrn ynbl s`sune fndwn tenp fndnb, prjs`mur, a`lentnb, sest`k, p`rg`blanpnb, ntnu k`anbesk` ynbl melubnanb mngnk prjmuase mnb p`blnwnsnb nanb s`bnbtensn k`bcnpne dnseg ynbl mednrnpanb. <ngemnse ynbl mea`bng nmngnd -ngemnse k`tjm` nbngeses, -ngemnse prjs`s, mnb -ngemnse p`kf`rsednb. Aungeieanse megnauanb s`f`guk -ngemnse. %.%.%. Agnseieanse 9unbl

H`bes 9unbl )`rsynrntnb )nrtea`g "ublse

> Mngnk $it&_{t`rmnpnt knasekuk $88}

 pnrtea`g f`ruaurnb 8,1 k

)rjmuase s`mennb st`reg s`cnrn ns`ptes

>> Mngnk $it&_{t`rmnpnt knasekuk $8888}

 pnrtea`g f`ruaurnb 8,1 k

)rjmuase s`mennb st`reg s`cnrn bjbns`ptes

>>> Mngnk $it&_{t`rmnpnt knasekuk $88888}

 pnrtea`g f`ruaurnb 8,1 k

)rjmuase s`mennb bjbst`reg

>< Mngnk $it&_{t`rmnpnt knasekuk g`fed}

mnre $88888 pnrtea`g f`ruaurnb 8,1 k

+r`n bjbprjmuase s`p`rte anbtjr, runbl, lumnbl, anknr knbme

%.&. /astrnase ]nbnknb Jfnt )!*!>! Kns`rnse

6`rupnanb k`tjm` p`kfuntnb `astrna m`blnb cnrn k`r`bmnk sekpgesen mngnk gnrutnb p`bynre. Melubnanb pnmn fndnb ynbl gubna s`p`rte mnub, fubln, rekpnbl, mnb f`f`rnpn fund. )nmn kns`rnse temna k`bllubnanb pnbns, s`deblln cjcja ubtua s`bynwn natei ynbl temna tndnb pnbns mnb jasemnse. )!*!)! _`rajgnse

6`rupnanb k`tjm` p`kfuntnb `astrna m`blnb cnrn k`r`bmnk sekpgesen mngnk gnrutnb p`bynre mnb me`satrnase m`blnb k`blngeranb gnrutnb mngnk p`rejm` t`rt`btu. Melubnanb pnmn fndnb ynbl a`rns s`p`rte auget fntnbl, nanr, fntnbl, fee, mnb f`f`rnpn fund. )nmn p`rajgnse temna k`bllubnanb pnbns, s`deblln cjcja ubtua s`bynwn natei ynbl temna tndnb pnbns mnb jasemnse.

)!*!*! Eb$#"nse "nb M`ajase

6`rupnanb k`tjm` p`kfuntnb `astrna m`blnb cnrn k`r`fus sekpgesen mngnk ner. +pnfegn megnauanb s`gnkn $1 k`bet mes`fut ebiubmnse. +pnfegn megnauanb s`gnkn &8 k`bet mes`fut m`ajase. Melubnanb  pnmn s`bynwn natei ynbl tndnb pnbns mnb jasemnse. +pnfegn s`bynwn natei kumnd k`blunp mnb temna

k`bl`bmnp dnrus mesnrebl pnmn snnt mebleb, s`mnblanb npnfegn s`bynwn natei temna kumnd k`blunp mnb kumnd k`bl`bmnp dnrus mesnrebl pnmn snnt pnbns.

)!*!,! %jag`tnse

6`rupnanb k`tjm` p`kfuntnb `astrna m`blnb cnrn k`blngeranb sjg-`b pnbns ynbl k`blunp s`gnkn  f`f`rnpn p`rejm`. Melubnanb pnmn s`bynwn natei ynbl tndnb pnbns mnb jasemnse.

)!*!?! Kns`rnse ]`rkj"e$eanse

6`rupnanb k`tjm` p`kfuntnb `astrna m`blnb cnrn k`r`bmnk sekpgesen mngnk gnrutnb p`bynre m`blnb p`knbnsnb sudu r`bmnd mnb!ntnu p`blnmuanb aeb`tea. Melubnanb ubtua s`bynwn natei ynbl tndnb pnbns mnb jasemnse, s`rtn ubtua k`beblantanb ukgnd s`bynwn ynbl t`r`astrnase.

)!*!! M`stegnse

6`rupnanb k`tjm` p`kfuntnb kebyna ntsere m`blnb k`knbinntanb -jgntegetns s`bynwn. +mn teln  `bes m`stegnse, ynetu unp, ner, mnb unpner. M`stegnse unp megnauanb ubtua s`bynwn ynbl tndnb pnbns

mnb jasemnse. M`stegnse ner melubnanb ubtua s`bynwn ynbl temna t`rdemrjgeses.

FNLENB * INVKNAJLBJ%E &.$. =ekpgesen

=ekpgesen nmngnd fndnb ngnkend ynbl mep`rlubnanb s`fnlne fndnb jfnt, a`cunge mebyntnanb gneb  f`rupn fndnb ynbl t`gnd ynbl mea`reblanb. =ekpgesen t`rmere mnre bnfnte, d`wnb, mnb keb`rng. (nkn

sekpgesn t`rmere mnre mun antn antn p`rtnkn k`blncu pnmn bnkn tnbnknb mngnk fndnsn gnteb mnb antn a`mun k`blncu pnmn fnlenb tnbnknb m`blnb bnkn gnteb.

F`reaut nmngnd tntnbnkn fnau sekpgesen 3 Bnkn Fnlenb

]#kf#nb

Bnkn

Gnteb Cjbtj

Anyu elbuk 0n`sngpeben` gelbuk #Anyu s`cnbl' Fntnbl 0nuges ]ebjspjrn cnuges #Fntnbl frjtjwnge' Fund "ructus )ep`re iructus #0nf` Hnwn!Fund cnf`'

Fubln "gjs Hnskebuk igjs #Fubln k`gnte'

Fee =`k`b 6yrestn` s`k`bes #Fee pngn'

Ckfe ]uf`r =jgnbuk tuf`r #Ckfe a`btnbl'

+anr 9nme5 9d`e rnme5 #+anr a`g`kfna'

+anr tebllng 9de?jk` 0urcukn 5nbtdjrrde?n` rde?jk` #]`kugnwna' Ckfe gnpes Fugfus +gee snte-uk Fugfus #Fnwnbl puted'

Auget fund )`recnrpeuk 4rnbnte p`recnrpee #Auget fund m`gekn' Mnub "jgeuk Jrtdjsepdjbes ijgeuk #Mnub aukes aucebl' Fnlenb me ntns tnbnknb D`rfn 0`bt`ggn` d`rfn #D`rfn p`lnlnb'

6ebyna Jg`uk Jg`uk cjcjs #6ebyna a`gnpn'

&.%. 6`tnfjget ]nbnknb

)nmn tnbnknb, t`ranbmubl s`bynwn ynbl t`rljgjbl k`tnfjget prek`r mnb s`aubm`r. 6`tnfjget prek`r k`rupnanb s`bynwn ynbl t`ranbmubl mngnk tnbnknb ynbl mefutudanb ubtua p`rtukfudnb tnbnknb. 0jbtjd k`tnfjget prek`r nmngnd 3 anrfjdemrnt, prjt`eb, nsnk nkebj, mnb nsnk g`kna. 6`tnfjget s`aubm`r nmngnd s`bynw ynbl mefutudanb tnbnknb s`fnlne p`rgebmublnb mere ntnu dnseg mnre k`tnfjgesk` utnkn. 0jbtjd k`tnfjget

s`aubm`r nmngnd 3 i`bjgea, ign-jbjem, ngangjem, lgeajsemn, nbtrnauebjb, tret`rp`bjem, eremjem, s`bynwn pndet, s`bynwn p`mns, mnb s`bynwn sugiur.

Ljgjblnb %`b6n(n %e$nt Iesean3Aeken Cjbtj %`b6n(n

Anrfjdemrnt

)jgnr, r`gntei kumnd gnrut mngnk ner  #kjbjsnanremn mnb mesnanremn, pjgesnanremn

r`gntei suanr gnrut', fnbyna k`blnbmubl lulus demrjase #JD', ukukbyn s`bynwn

bjbnrjkntes.

=jrfetjg, m`astrjsn, gnatjsn, suarjsn,

nkeguk.

)rjt`eb

9`gntei pjgnr, k`blnbmubl lulus nkemn # 0JJ(D', t`rm`bnturnse fegn t`ra`bn sudu teblle mnb pD `astrek, t`rm`bnturnse m`blnb

gjlnk f`rnt gngu k`bl`bmnp.

/b?ek i`bjg jasemns`.

+snk +kebj

9`gntei pjgnr, k`blnbmubl lulus anrfjasegnt #0JJD' mnb nkebn #(D', k`bl`bmnp

m`blnb gjlnk f`rnt.

eseb, nrlebeb, nspnrtnt.

+snk `kna   (jbpjgnr, k`blnbmubl lulus anrfjasegnt # 0JJD', mnpnt t`rsnfubanb m`blnb fnsn.

+snk gebjg`nt, nsnk gnurnt.

"`bjgea 9`gntei pjgnr, k`blnbmubl lulus demrjase # JD', s`bynwn nrjkntes #nmn f`b?`bn m`blnb

+snk lngnt, /404, nsnk sebnknt,

lulus demrjase', k`kf`btua ajkpg`as  f`rwnrbn fegn f`rt`ku gjlnk t`rt`btu.

auknreb, auraukebjem.

"gn-jbjem

9`gntei pjgnr, k`blnbmubl lulus demrjase # JD', s`bynwn nrjkntes #nmn f`b?`bn m`blnb

lulus demrjase', k`kf`btua ajkpg`as  f`rwnrbn fegn f`rt`ku gjlnk t`rt`btu, k`rupnanb fnlenb mnre s`bynwn i`bjgea 

#s`kun ign-jbjem nmngnd i`bjgea, t`tnpe i`bjgea f`guk t`btu ign-jbjem'

+pel`beb, bnrel`beb, nbtjsenbeb. +gangjem Mnpnt pjgnr ntnu bjbpjgnr, k`blnbmubl ntjk  (, k`bl`bmnp m`blnb gjlnk f`rnt, k`kegeae nate-etns inrknajgjle. Auebeb, beajteb.

4geajsemn )jgnr, k`blnbmubl fnlenb lugn #lgeajb' mnb bjblugn #nlgeajb'

+peeb, nkelmngeb, ngjeb.

+btrnauebjb

9`gntei pjgnr, k`blnbmubl lulus demrjase # JD' mnb a`tjb #0J', s`bynwn nrjkntes

#nmn f`b?`bn m`blnb lulus demrjase', k`kf`btua ajkpg`as f`rwnrbn k`rnd fegn

 f`rt`ku fnsn, k`rupnanb fnlenb mnre s`bynwn i`bjgea #s`kun nbtrnauebjb nmngnd

i`bjgea, t`tnpe i`bjgea f`guk t`btu nbtrnauebjb'.

+gjeb, rd`eb, s`bjsemn

]ret`rp`bjem

 (jbpjgnr, kumnd k`blunp #kjbj, s`saue, mnb met`rp`bjem tre mnb pjget`rp`bjem suget k`blunp', pjget`rp`bjem ukukbyn f`rwnrbn,

temna fesn t`rsnfubanb.

ekjb`b, anr-jb, tekjg #kumnd k`blunp' nsnk lgesere?nt, nbmrjlrnijgem #temna  kumnd k`blunp'  f`tn anrjt`b, ?`n5nbtdeb #pjget`rp`bjem'. =`bynwn pndet  (jbpjgnr, ukukbyn s`bynwn ngangjem mnb

tret`rp`bjem.

+bmrjlrnijgem, auebeb. =`bynwn p`mns  (jbpjgnr, ukukbyn r`seb mnre s`bynwn

i`bjgea. 4ebl`rjg, sdjlnjg.

mnre tret`rp`bjem.

&.&. Jfnt +sge >bmjb`sen

F`reaut nmngnd f`f`rnpn bnkn sekpgesen ynbl ukuk melubnanb me >bmjb`sen. A`fnbynanb f`rnsng mnre tnbnknb. Bnkn fnnb Ansent Anb"#blnb 6nbl f`ransent Ljgjblnb s`b6n(n anb"#blnb 0`bt`ggn` d`rfn #D`rfn p`lnlnb' )`bldegnbl guan 6nm`ajsemn, nsenteajsemn ]ret`rp`bjem 9d`e rnme5

#+anr a`g`kfna' )`bcndnr 9d`eb +btrnauebjb

0urcukn 5nbtdjrrde?n rde?jk`

#]`kugnwna'

D`pntjprjt`atjr Auraukebjem "`bjgea  

]ebjspjrn cnuges #Fntnbl frjtjwnge' )`burub lugn mnrnd ]ebjspjreb ]ret`rp`bjem, =`bynwn  pndet )semee ijgeuk #Mnub nkfu fee'

Menr`

bjbsp`seiea  ]nbeb "`bjgea  

6urrnyn` pnbecugntn ijgeuk #Mnub a`kubebl' )`burub f`rnt  fnmnb )jgesnanremn Anrfjdemrnt +bmrjlrnpdes d`rfn #D`rfn snkfegjtj' )`burub lugn mnrnd +bmrjlrnijgem ]ret`rp`bjem )dyggnbte d`rfn

#D`rfn k`bernb' >kubjkjmugntjr "egnbteb ]ret`rp`bjem Jrtdjsepdjbes ijgeuk

#Mnub aukes aucebl' Meur`tean Jrtdjsepdjbeb ]ret`rp`bjem =jbcde ijgeuk

FNLENB , AEKEN INVKN%E 2.$.$. A`s`tnrnnb kjg

A`s`tnrnnb kjg s`rebl melubnanb mngnk p`bllnbtenb fndnb fnau mnre suntu fndnb ynbl s`tnrn. 6esngbyn mngnk k`kfunt tnfg`t ntjr-nstnteb, t`tnpe aetn k`bmnpnt fndnb fnau ntjr-nstnteb angseuk mnre suppge`r% +pnfegn F6 ntjr-nstnteb nmngnd 11I mnb ntjr-nstnteb angseuk nmngnd 1II. Detubl  f`rnpn kl s`tnrn ntjr-nstnteb angseuk t`rdnmnp $8 kl ntjr-nstnteb.

Ajbs`p kjg 3

kjg = Fjfjt  FK  anr`bn s`bynwnbyn kerep fesn melubnanb ajbs`p kjg. Hnme 3

kjg ntjr-nstnteb : kjg ntjr-nstnteb angseuk Fjfjt > FK  >  = Fjfjt 6 FK  6 >? 005  =  T  055 0 = 055 095  9 >< 0 = ><4?* kl

Hnme, $8 kl ntjr-nstnteb s`tnrn m`blnb $8,1& kl ntjr-nstnteb angseuk.

2.$.%. )`bl`bc`rnb

)rnat`a p`bl`bc`rnb s`rebl met`kuanb pnmn prnat`a s`dnrednre pnmn p`gnynbnb a`inrknsenb,

kesngbyn mngnk p`kfuntnb ngajdjg cuce ntnu k`bl`bc`ranb fndnb jfnt t`rt`btu. )rebsep p`bl`bc`rnb nmngnd a`s`tnrnnb ukgnd kjg`aug ntnu ukgnd fjfjt s`bynwn mngnk gnrutnb.

Fnlneknbn cnrn p`kfuntnb ngajdjg 8  m`blnb -jguk` $,1 get`r mnre ngajdjg I1 O Ajbs`p p`bl`bc`rnb 3

-jguk` nwng 5 ajbs`btrnse nwng : -jguk` nader 5 ajbs`btrnse nader  +tnu,

5> 9 C> = 5) 9 C)

8? 1 9 0 = -< 1 9 >4? G 0 = 7-<;8?2 9 >4? G

0 = >4> G

Hnme, nkfeg $,$ get`r ngajdjg I1  gngu metnkfndanb naunm`s snkpne $,1 get`r. 2.$.&. +snk Fnsn

Ajbs`p nsnk fnsn mngnk inrknse p`btebl mngnk k`rnknganb ukgnd jfnt ynbl t`rejb mnb t`rs`rnp  pnmn fnlenb tufud t`rt`btu. Ajbs`p nsnk fnsn uln f`rlubn mngnk k`rnknganb ajkpntefegetns  p`bcnkpurnb jfnt subtea.

9ukus ynbl fensn melubnanb nmngnd 3 &: nsnk  &: = &An O gjl

(

Lnrnk

)

&: fnsn  &: = &An O gjl

(

Fnsn

)

(

Lnrnk

)

Mngnk k`b`btuanb p`rs`btns` t`rejbesnse mnpnt melubnanb mun cnrn 3  9ukus V#k#s #bt#a nsnk g`kn   t`rejbesnse : >?? >

+

>?( pAn∖ pD ) V#k#s #bt#a fnsn g`kn   t`rejbesnse : >?? >

+

>?( pD ∖ pan)  9ug` ji ]dukf Cbtua s`bynwn nsnk g`knd 3

 pD : pAn Ckukbyn 18  irnase t`rejbesnse  pD : pAn E $ Ckukbyn I8  irnase t`rejbesnse  pD : pAn E % Ckukbyn II  irnase t`rejbesnse  pD : pAn E & Ckukbyn II,I  irnase t`rejbesnse  pD : pAn E 2 Ckukbyn II,II  irnase t`rejbesnse Cbtua s`bynwn fnsn g`knd 3

 pD : pAn Ckukbyn 18  irnase t`rejbesnse  pD : pAn  $ Ckukbyn I8  irnase t`rejbesnse  pD : pAn  % Ckukbyn II  irnase t`rejbesnse  pD : pAn  & Ckukbyn II,I  irnase t`rejbesnse  pD : pAn  2 Ckukbyn II,II  irnase t`rejbesnse 0jbtjd 3

$. 6`trjtr`asnt k`rupnanb jfnt ljgjblnb ebdefetjr nsnk ijgnt ynbl k`kegeae pAn 1,2 mnb f`rseint nsnk g`knd. Mngnk t`rnpe, pnse`b dnrus k`kp`rtndnbanb pD ureb pnmn begne s`aetnr  nlnr k`trjtr`asnt temna k`bl`bmnp me lebng. F`rnpn  irnase t`rejbesnse k`trjtr`asnt pnmn pD ureb me begne s`aetnr O Hnwnf 3

M`blnb rug` ji tdukf mnpnt mernknganb fndwn pD :  k`kegeae s`gesed $ K % begne m`blnb pAn, s`deblln fesn meantnanb I8 K II  s`bynwn k`trjtr`asnt mngnk f`btua t`rejb.

M`blnb p`rdetublnb 3  t`rejbesnse : >?? >

+

>?( pAn∖ pD )  t`rejbesnse : >?? >

+

>?(0,=∖<)  t`rejbesnse : >?? >

+

?,?60  t`rejbesnse : I,1 

%. /i`mreb k`kegeae pAn I,2 mnb f`rseint fnsn g`knd. +pnfegn `i`mreb metnkfndanb a` mngnk gnrutnb m`blnb pD ,2. F`rnpn  `i`mreb ynbl temna t`rejbesnseO

Hnwnf 3

M`blnb rug` ji tdukf mnpnt mernknganb fndwn pD : ,2 k`kegeae s`gesed % begne m`blnb pAn, s`deblln fesn meantnanb II  `i`mreb mngnk f`btua t`rejb mnb $  mngnk f`btua temna t`rejb. M`blnb p`rdetublnb 3  t`rejbesnse : >?? >

+

>?( pD ∖ pAn)  t`rejbesnse : >?? >

+

>?(<,=∖5,=)  t`rejbesnse : >?? >

+

?,?>  t`rejbesnse : II   temna t`rejbesnse : $88 K II : $  2.$.2. )jgnretns

Mngnk prnat`a a`inrknsenb, pjgnretns k`rupnanb suntu ncunb ubtua k`b`btuanb pnrtese jfnt

 f`rmnsnranb seint aekenbyn. 6esngbyn s`bynwn djrkjb c`bm`rubl g`fed f`rcnkpur m`blnb kebyna mefnbmeblanb m`blnb ner. =`knaeb fnbyna lulus pjgnr #kesngbyn 3 JD, 0JJD, (D%', s`bynwn

t`rs`fut k`kegeae a`c`bmrublnb k`b`tnp pnmn ins` f`rner mnb pjgnretnsbyn nanb k`beblant.

Mngnk k`b`btuanb pjgnretns, melubnanb p`bm`antnb aj`iese`b pnrtese m`blnb rukus s`fnlne f`reaut 3 ) :

(

 Ajbs`btrnse S`bynwn Mnnk Ins` !rlnbea 

)

(

 Ajbs`btrnse S`bynwn Mnnk Ins` F`rner

)

Aj`iese`b pnrtese ynbl s`rebl melubnanb mngnk inrknse nmngnd aj`iese`b pnrtese nppnr`bt (_ npp )%

M`blnb rukus s`fnlne f`reaut 3 )npp : ) 5 irnase tna t`rejb

ntnu )npp :

(

 Ajbs`btrnse S`bynwn Mnnk Ins` !rlnbea 

)

(

 Ajbs`btrnse S`bynwn Mnnk Ins` F`rner

)

0jbtjd 3

=`bynwn 5 k`rupnanb fnsn g`knd ynbl mef`reanb s`cnrn ebtrn-`bn. =`bynwn 5 k`kegeae pAn : I,2 m`blnb ) : @1. =`bynwn 5 a`kumenb menbngeses m`blnb cnrn k`blnkfeg 1 k snkp`g mnrnd mnb

me`astrnase m`blnb $8 k jatnbjg. F`rnpnand ajbs`btrnse s`bynwn 5 mngnk pgnskn. Mensukseanb pD  pgnskn pnse`b nmngnd ,2 mnb mnre dnseg nbngeses s`bynwn 5 k`kegeae ajbs`btrnse s`f`snr &2 bl!k

mngnk jatnbjg. Hnwnf3

4ubnanb rukus 3

 t`rejbesnse : >?? >

+

>?( pD ∖ pAn)

 t`rejbesnse : >?? >

+

>?(<,=∖5,=)  t`rejbesnse : >?? >

+

?,?>  t`rejbesnse : II   temna t`rejbesnse : $88 K II : $  +tnu irnase tna t`rejb : 8,8$

)npp : ) 5 irnase tna t`rejb

)npp : @1 5 8,8$ : 8,@1

)npp :

(

 Ajbs`btrnse S`bynwn Mnnk Ins` !rlnbea 

)

(

 Ajbs`btrnse S`bynwn Mnnk Ins` F`rner

)

)npp :

3=bl

/

kG

(

 Ajbs`btrnse S`bynwn Mnnk Ins` F`rner

)

Ajbs`btrnse mngnk )gnskn : 3= bl

/

kG

?,90 Ajbs`btrnse mngnk )gnskn : 1%,&$ bl!k 2.%. Aeken +bngeses Ajb-`bsejbng

+bngeses aeken ajb-`bsejbng k`bllubnanb ngnt nbngeses s`m`rdnbn s`p`rte -jguk`tre mnb lrn-ek`tre. F`reaut nmngnd f`f`rnpn k`tjm` ynbl s`rebl melubnanb 3

K`tj"` _rebse& A`t`rnblnb

4rn-ek`tre )`rf`mnnb fjfjt t`tnp snnt metekfnbl

Ckukbyn pnmn nbngeses anmnr  nfu mnb susut p`bl`reblnb ]etrnse F`fns +er 9`nase nsnk fnsn ynbl mnpnt

melnbllu jg`d nmnbyn ner 

+bngeses nsnk mnb fnsn g`knd

 (etrek`tre 9`nase men?jtnse k`bekfuganb  p`rufndnb wnrbn

+bngeses betret mnb s`bynwn turubnb suginbegnkem Ajkpg`asjk`tre 9`nase ajkpg`as nbtnrn /M]+

s`deblln k`bekfuganb wnrbn

+bngeses gjlnk -ng`bse % mnb &

]etrnse 9`mjas 9`nase r`mjas mngnk gnrutnb +bngeses s`rek`tre #0`',  p`rknblnbjk`tre, ejmj

ejmek`tre ]etrnse )`bl`bmnpnb A`gnrutnb s`bynwn dnseg r`nase

ynbl kumnd k`bl`bmnp

+bngeses nrl`btjk`tre ubtua  anmnr (n0g

+semengangek`tre 9`nase nsnk fnsn ynbl temna  melnbllu ner 

+bngeses fnsn mnb nsnk aunt

+bngeses aeken ebstruk`btng k`bllubnanb ngnt nbngeses f`rupn ebstruk`b s`p`rte sp`atrjijtjk`tre, arjkntjlrnie, mnb `g`atrjijr`ses. F`reaut nmngnd f`f`rnpn k`tjm` ynbl s`rebl melubnanb 3

6`tjm` )rebsep A`t`rnblnb

=p`atrjijtjk`tre )`by`rnpnb sp`atruk l`gjkfnbl cndnyn jg`d

s`bynwn mngnk gnrutnb

=p`atrjijtjk`tre C<<esef`g, =p`atrjijtjk`tre >birnr`m

Arjkntjlrnie npes ]epes )`kesndnb f`rmnsnranb  pjgnretns s`bynwn mnb

eantnb pnmn ins` l`rna 

Mnpnt melubnanb ins` bjrkng #ins` l`rna bjbpjgnr mnb ins` menk pjgnr' ntnu ins` t`rfngea #ins` l`rna pjgnr mnb ins` menk bjbpjgnr'

Arjkntjlrnie 4ns )`kesndnb f`rmnsnranb  p`rf`mnnb tetea memed mnb

-jgntegetns s`bynwn

+pnfegn s`bynwn ynbl nanb menbngeses susnd k`blunp megnauanb m`re-ntesnse

k`bllubnanb s`bynwn t`rt`btu nlnr kumnd k`blunp

A0A] #D)0' )`kesndnb f`rmnsnranb  pjgnretns s`bynwn mnb

eantnb pnmn ins` l`rna 

Mnpnt melubnanb ins` bjrkng #ins` l`rna bjbpjgnr mnb ins` menk pjgnr' ntnu ins` t`rfngea  #ins` l`rna pjgnr mnb ins` menk

bjbpjgnr' /g`atrjijr`ses )`kesndnb f`rmnsnranb

kuntnb gestrea s`bynwn mnb uaurnb kjg`aug

Fensnbyn melubnanb pnmn nbngeses nsnk nkebj mnb prjt`eb

FNLENB ? INVKN%E %J%ENG MNB NMKEBE%]VN]EI 1.$. 6`kugne )rnat`a +pjt`a`r  

=`t`gnd k`by`g`sneanb p`bmemeanb +pjt`a`r, npjt`a`r fnru nanb k`bmnpntanb =]9+, sukpnd

+pjt`a`r, s`rteieant ajkp`t`bse +pjt`a`r, mnb en?nd. +pnfegn npjt`a`r fnru nanb prnat`a me gunr ajtn a`gugusnb dnrus k`blurus surnt gjgjs futud. +pjt`a`r ynbl nanb f`rprnat`a me p`gnynbnb dnrus

k`blurus =>)+ mnb +pjt`a`r ynbl nanb f`a`rn me insegetns prjmuase mnb mestrefuse dnrus k`blurus =>A+. +pjt`a`r k`blnuanb p`kfuntnb =>)+ mnb =>A+ a`pnmn Mebns A`s`dntnb Anfupnt`b!Ajtn m`blnb t`kfusnb a`pnmn Mebns A`s`dntnb )rj-ebse. =ynrnt p`kfuntnb =>)+ nmngnd k`gnkperanb g`lngeser =]9+ mnb r`ajk`bmnse Jrlnbesnse )rji`se s`t` kpnt.

1.%.  _recebl 

)`b`tnpnb dnrln k`rupnanb dng ynbl p`btebl me mngnk prnat`a a`s`dnrenb inrknses. 6ugne mnre

 p`kfuntnb jfnt snkpne k`bung jfnt. F`reaut nmngnd cjbtjd p`b`btunb dnrln pnmn prnat`a inrknses. n. )`kfuntnb jfnt

>bmustre inrknse _ ebleb k`kfunt serup pnrns`tnkjg m`blnb mjses %18 kl!1 k. =`tenp ange prjmuase k`kfutudanb fenyn tjtng 9p $8.888.888 ubtua %888 fjtjg. F`rnpnand dnrln sntu fjtjg se rup

 pnrns`tnkjg mjses %18 kl!1 kO

)nmn ansus me ntns, mngnk k`b`btuanb dnrln p`r fjtjg mnpnt met`btuanb s`fnlne f`reaut 3 Dnrln p`r fjtjg : Fenyn "rjm#ase $jtn

%#kn& "rjm#ase E pnna p`rtnkfndnb begne Dnrln p`r fjtjg :  'p>?.??? .??? 6??? E #$8  5  'p>?.??? .??? 6??? ' Dnrln p`r fjtjg : 9p 1.888 E 9p 188 : 9p 1.188  f. )`bungnb jfnt me +pjt`a 

)nmn p`bungnb jfnt me +pjt`a, ukukbyn k`bllubnanb DH+ m`blnb rukus 3 DH+ : Dnrln ung E # a`bneanb 5 Dnrln ung'

F`rnpnand dnrln +ggjpurebjg $88 kl npnfegn sntu tnfg`t f`rdnrln 9p 188 mnb p`rs`b a`bneanb nggjpurebjg $88 kl nmngnd %1 O

DH+ : 9p 188 E #8,%1 5 9p 188' DH+ : $,%1 5 9p 188

DH+ : 9p @%1

1.&. 6nbn`k`b "nrknse