TI10T1: KONSEP TEKNOLOGI

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TI10T1: KONSEP TEKNOLOGI

Evolusi dan pengertian teknologi

www.lspitb.org

©

Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB

Hasil Pembelajaran

• Mahasiwa mengetahui lingkup (jenis dan klasifikasi)

teknologi dan upaya pemeringkatan (tingkat) teknologi.

• • Tugas 3:

Tugas Kelompok.

Dikumpulkan satu hari sebelum kuliah minggu depan, sebelum jam 13:00.

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TI10T1: Konsep Teknologi - 03 3

EVOLUSI DAN

PENGERTIAN TEKNOLOGI

• Perubahan Masyarakat & Perkembangan

Teknologi

• Definisi Teknologi

Teknologi, Sains & Enjinering Siklus Hidup Teknologi

• Jenis & Klasifikasi Teknologi

• Tingkat Teknologi

TIPE TEKNOLOGI

• Materials

Technology

• Production

Technology

• Transportation

Technology

• Testing

Technology

• Processing

Technology

• Machining

Technology

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

(UNIDO)

a. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam

peralatan

b. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam

produk

c. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam

proses

d. Teknologi yang terkandung dalam

operasi

KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

(KHALIL) (1)

• New technology: new introducted or

implemented technology (explicit impact on the

way a company produces products or provides

services)

• Emerging technology: not yet fully

commercialed but will become so within about

five year

• High technology: refers to advanced or

sophisticated technologies

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

(KHALIL) (2)

• Low technology: refers to technologies that

have permated large segments of human society

• Medium technology: refers to mature

technologies

• Appropriate technology

: used to indicate a

good match between the technology utilized and

the resources required for its optimal use

KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

(3) BERDASARKAN UNSUR

• Unsur: proses-proses teknis yang terdapat

secara khusus pada sesuatu bidang

• Lima Unsur Teknologi:

(1) Tecnology of energy conversion and utilization:

 Major types of energy useful to man

 Devices & techniques for the utilization of energy  Devices for energy conversion

 Devices for energy concentration & control  Devices for unlimited production of energy

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

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BERDASARKAN UNSUR

(2) Technology of tools & machines

 Hand tools

 Machines & machine components

 Machine tools: stationary power-driven machines for

shaping & forming parts made of metal or other materials

KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

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BERDASARKAN UNSUR

(3) Technology of measurement, observation & control

 Theory of measurement

 Units & standards of measurement

 Principles & processes by which instruments of

measurement operate

 Common types of measuring instruments

 Special instrument & apparatus used in scientific research  Major systems of measurement & observation

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

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BERDASARKAN UNSUR

(4) Technology involved in the extraction &

conversion of industrial raw materials

 The world’s physical & biological resources  Technology of the extraction industries  Primary conversion of raw materials

KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

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BERDASARKAN UNSUR

(5) Technology of industrial production processes

 Materials processing: the operations that are used to

transform industrial materials from a raw-material state into finished parts or products

 Metallurgy

 Materials handling in the production process  Technology of packaging

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

(8) BERDASARKAN BIDANG

•

Bidang: berbagai kebutuhan manusia, tujuan, barang & jasa yang mendatangkan kemajuan teknologi

• Delapan bidang pokok teknologi:

(1) Construction technology

 General building construction

 Construction of civil engineering works  Prefabrication & shop fabrication

KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

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BERDASARKAN BIDANG

(2) Technology of major industries

 Principles of organization of work & production  Manufacturing industries

 The fabrication industries  The process industries  The construction industries  The service industries

 The merchandising & marketing of consumer goods  Industrial research & marketing of consumer goods

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

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BERDASARKAN BIDANG

(3) Technology of agriculture & food production

 Technology of agriculture

 Crop farming, Flock & stock farming  Technology of hunting & fishing  Food processing, Food preservation

 Techniques for controlling the quality of food  Food sources & new product development  The history of agriculture

KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

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BERDASARKAN BIDANG

(4) Transportation technology

 Roads & highways & their construction

 Vehicles & devices for transportation across country &

roads & highways

 Rail transportation

 Stationary conveyance systems  Water transportation

 Air transportation  Air - cushion machines

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

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BERDASARKAN BIDANG

(5) Technology of information processing & of

communications systems

Communication & information theory

Calculating devices, Office machines, Computers General information recording devices

Sound recording & reproducing devices

Information recording by the production of visual image: the technology of photography

Information processing

Major systems of communication

Major system of detection & remote sensing Electronic component & techniques used in

communications

KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

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BERDASARKAN BIDANG

(6) Technology of the urban community

 Basic engineering services of the city

 Technology of the basic social services of the city  Technological responses to new urban problems  History of city engineering

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KLASIFIKASI TEKNOLOGI

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BERDASARKAN BIDANG

(7) Military technology

 Offensive & defensive delivery & payload systems  Logistic systems

 Purely defensive equipment & systems

(8) Technology of earth & space exploration

 Techniques & equipment of surface & underground

exploration

 Techniques & equipment of space exploration  Techniques & equipment & space exploration

TINGKAT TEKNOLOGI

•

Parker (1982):6 tingkat teknologi yang berhubungan dengan pengembangan produk baru.

Tingkat 1: repetitive, simple & general (craftsmen)

Tingkat 6: formulasi unambiguous highly technological goals, new knowledge, complex systems, sophisticated tools of measurement, analysis of abstract thinking.

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Tingkat Teknologi: Kemampuan kontrol

Orders of

Automation

Human attribute replaced Examples

A(0) None: Lever, screw, pulley,

wedge

Hand tools, manual machine

A(1) Energy: muscles replaced Powered machine and tools. Whitney’s milling machine

A(2) Dexterity: self-feeding Single-cycle automatics A(3) Diligence: no feedback Repeats cycle; open-loop

machine control; automatic screw machine; transfer lines

A(4) Judgment: positional

Feedback

Closed loop; numerical control; self-measuring and –adjusting

Tingkat Teknologi: Kemampuan kontrol

Orders of

Automation

Human attribute replaced Examples

A(5) Evaluation: adaptive control

deductive analysis: feedback from the process

Computer control; model of process required for analysis and optimization A(6) Learning: by experience Limited self-programming

expert systems A(7) Reasoning: exhibits

intuition; relates causes from effects

Inductive reasoning; AI

A(8) Creativeness: performs

design unaided

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Tingkat Teknologi: Kemampuan kontrol

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Tugas 3

•

Berdasarkan pada Tugas 2, diskusikan dan pilih satu

permasalahan atau objek teknologi tertentu yang dianggap paling penting.

Nyatakan pertimbangan dan manfaat dari teknologi tersebut. Nyatakan dampak negatif yang dapat terjadi dari teknologi tersebut. Tuliskan referensi yang digunakan untuk tugas ini.

•

Ketentuan:

Tugas kelompok. Pada lembar tugas: Nama-nama mahasiswa & NIM. Dikerjakan pada kertas ukuran A4.

Dikumpulkan: satu hari sebelum kuliah minggu depan di Tata Usaha, Dept. Teknik Industri.

•

Penilaian:

Keruntutan dalam penjelasannya. Kejelasan dan kerapihan penampilannya.

Ketidaksamaan dari teknologi yang dipilih, makin banyak yang sama makin kecil nilainya.

Proses diskusi kelompok merupakan hal yang harus dilaporankan. Jumlah halaman dari tugas, makin sedikit makin baik.