Ecology, Human Habitat and Environmental Change in the Malay World

(1)

(2)

ii

Ecology, Human Habitat and Environmental

Change in the Malay World

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Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002, tentang Hak Cipta.

PASAL 2

(1). Hak Cipta merupakan hak eksklusif bagi Pencipta atau Pemegang Hak Cipta

untuk mengumumkan atau memperbanyak ciptaannya, yang timbul secara otomatis

setelah suatu ciptaan dilahirkan tanpa mengurangi pembatasan menurut

perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

PASAL 72

(1). Barang siapa dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak melakukan perbuatan sebagaimana

dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dipidana penjara masing-masing paling

singkat 1 (satu) bulan dan/atau denda paling sedikit Rp. 1.000.000,- (Satu Juta

Rupiah), atau paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp.

5.000.000.000,- (Lima Milyar Rupiah).

(2). Barang siapa dengan sengaja menyiarkan, memamerkan, mengedarkan, atau menjual

kepada umum suatu Ciptaan atau barang hasil pelanggaran Hak Cipta atau Hak

Terkait sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat 1 (satu), dipidana dengan pidana penjara

paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp. 500.000.000,- (Lima

Ratus Juta Rupiah).

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7

th

_{International Seminar on}

ECOLOGY, HUMAN HABITAT AND

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN THE

MALAY WORLD

August 19-20, 2014, Pekanbaru, Riau, INDONESIA

PROCEEDING

Editors:

Deni Efizon

Jamaluddin Md. Jahi

Ali Yusri

Windarti

Yoserizal

Hesti Asriwandari

Muhammad Rizal Razman

Zuliskandar Ramli

M. Saeri

Ismanto

Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan

Universitas Riau

Institute of the Malay World and Civilisation (ATMA)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Penerbit

UR PRESS PEKANBARU

2014

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v

Title :

Proceeding 7

th

_{International Seminar on Ecology, Human Habitat and Environmental}

Change in the Malay World

Editors:

Deni Efizon Jamaluddin Md. Jahi Ali Yusri Windarti Yoserizal Hesti Asriwandari Muhammad Rizal Razman

Zuliskandar Ramli M. Saeri

Ismanto

Cover and Lay Out: Deni Efizon Issued by UR PRESS, August 2014

Publisher address:

Badan Penerbit Universitas Riau

UR PRESS, Jl. Pattimura No. 9, Gobah Pekanbaru 28132

Riau, Indonesia

Telp. (0761) 22961, Fax. (0761) 857397 E-mail: unri_press@yahoo.co.id

ANGGOTA IKAPI

Hak Cipta dilindungi Undang-undang Dilarang mengutip atau memperbanyak

sebagian atau seluruh isi buku ini tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit Isi di luar tanggung jawab percetakan

Perpustakaan Nasional RI: Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT)

Deni Efizon,

Jamaluddin Md. Jahi, Ali Yusri, Windarti, Yoserizal, Hesti Asriwandari, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Zuliskandar Ramli, M. Saeri, Ismanto

Proceeding 7

th

International Seminar on Ecology, Human Habitat and

Environmental Change in the Malay World

/Deni Efizon,

Jamaluddin Md. Jahi, Ali Yusri, Windarti, Yoserizal,

Hesti Asriwandari, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Zuliskandar Ramli, M. Saeri, Ismanto

Pekanbaru: UR Press, 2014

x + 551 hlm.: 29 cm.

ISBN 978-979-792-332-7

1. Proceeding 2. Ecology 3. Human Habitat 4. Environmental Change

I. Title.

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vi

Tunjuk Ajar Melayu Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup

(Dr. (HC) H. Tenas Effendy)

rusak laut hampa lah perut

habis hutan binasa lah badan

pupus rimba hilang lah marwah

kotornya sungai menunjukkan perangai

adat hidup memegang adat,

tahu menjaga laut dan selat,

tahu menjaga rimba yang lebat,

tahu menjaga tanah ulayat,

tahu menjaga semut dan ulat,

tahu menjaga togok dan belat.

apabila alam menjadi rusak,

turun temurun hidup kan kemak,

pergi ke laut ditelan ombak,

pergi ke darat kepala tersundak,

hidup susah dada pun sesak,

periuk terjarang nasi tak masak.

apabila alam menjadi punah,

hidup dan mati takkan semenggah,

siang dan malam ditimpa musibah,

pikiran kusut hati pun gelabah.

apabila rusak alam lingkungan,

di situlah punca segala kemalangan,

musibah datang berganti-gantian,

celaka melanda tak berkesudahan.

apabila rusak alam lingkungan,

hidup sengsara binasalah badan,

cacat dan cela menjadi langganan

hidup dan mati jadi sesalan.

apabila alam porak poranda,

di situlah tumbuh silang sengketa,

aib datang malu menimpa

anak cucu hidup merana.

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vii

LIST OF CONTENTS

No. of Pages

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

1. Amri Marzali – THE IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT ON THE PETALANGAN

HABITAT

1 2. Shah Alam – PRE-FOURTEENTH CENTURY SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN THE

LOWER BATANGHARI, JAMBI PROVINCE, SUMATRA

13 3. Erdi – A REAL EFFORTS TO AVOID SMOKE CLAIM TO INDONESIA FROM THE

NEIGHBORHOOD COUNTRIES

22 4. Zuliskandar Ramli – ARCHAEOLOGY, CULTUR AND HISTORY IN THE MALAY

WORLD

28

PART I

ECOLOGY ACUATIC AND TERESTERIAL

5. Roslina Mat Salleh, Ismail B. Sahid, Mazlin Bin Mokhtar & Goh Choo Ta -

BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES DUE TO PESTICIDE APPLICATION AMONG THE FARMERS OF PERMANENT FOOD PRODUCTION PARKIN SELANGOR

40

6. Muhammad Yasar, Chamhuri Siwar, Rospidah Ghazali & Nor Diana Mohd Idris -

IMPACT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF INTEGRETED AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (IADA): A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL (SEM) ANALYSIS

47

7. Rosnita, Arifudin, Roza Yulida, & Suardi Tarumun - THE ROLE OF EXTENSION

TOWARDS EMPOWERING INDEPENDENT SMALLHOLDER FARMERS OF OIL PALM PLANTATION IN RIAU PROVINCE, INDONESIA

56

8. Elly Roosma Ria & Tien Turmuktini - DENSITY OF POPULATION TEST OF YELLOW

STEM BORER S. INCERTULAS (WALKER) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) AND VARIETIES RICE TO PREFERENCES AND LEVELS OF CROP DAMAGE ON SRI CULTIVATION

61

9. Endang Kantikowati, Merry Antralina & Tien Turmuktini - RESPONSE OF RICE

GROWTH AS THE RESULTS OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SYSTEM APPLICATIONS

69

10. Windarti, Deni Efizon, Alit Hindri Yani & Dwi Sumba Vicaya - REPRODUCTIVE

BIOLOGY OF Anabas testudineus FROM THE BENCAH KELUBI VILLAGE, KAMPAR REGENCY, RIAU

76

11. Eni Suhesti & Hadinoto - INCREASE OF INCOME AND PRODUCTION FACTORS IN

BUSINESS HONEY BEE APIS CERANA CULTIVATION FABR. IN KENEGERIAN RUMBIO KAMPAR REGENCY OF RIAU

87

12. Merry Antralina, Endang Kantikowati, YuyunYuwariah, & Tualar Simarmata - EFFECT

OF DIFFERENT PLANT SPACING TO WEED COMPOSITION AND LOWLAND RICE YIELD IN SOBARI AND CONVENTIONAL IRRIGATION METHODS

88

13. Nia Rossiana & Yayat Dhahiyat - POTENTIAL RESEARCH BIOREMEDIATION OF

POPS (PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANT) IN INDONESIA

98 14. Titin Supriatun, Nia Rossiana & Khaidil P. Khaliq - EXPLORATION DIVERSITY OF

ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL (AMF) SPORES INDIGENOUS AT COAL MINE AREA PT. KIM, JOB SITE MUARA BUNGO, JAMBI

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viii

15. Yenny Muliani, Robie Fernando, Lilis Irmawatie, & Erry Mustariani - THE INTENSITY

OF PEST (Callosobruchus spp) ATTACK ON TEN SEED BREEDING RESULTS OF SOYBEANS VARIETIES (CASE STUDY BPP MAJALENGKA)

112

PART II

ECOLOGY HABITAT

16. Mohamad Zain Musa & Abdul Latif Hj Samian - THE CHAM BOAT HABITAT 117 17. Hossein Sarhaddi Dadian, Zuliskandar Ramli, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman

& Reza Mehrafarin - ANALYSIS OF POTTERY SHARDS FROM NEW

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN SOUTH REGION OF SISTAN, IRAN

128

18. Ros Mahwati Ahmad Zakaria, Norlelawaty Haron, Hasnira Hassan, Zuliskandar Ramli, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman, Mohd Rohaizat Abdul Wahab, Helmi Ahmad & Mohamad Shafiq Mohd Ali - CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF MALAY ART IN THE EAST COAST OF MALAY PENINSULA

145

19. Salina Abdul Manan, Hamdzun Haron, Zuliskandar Ramli, Noor Hafiza Ismail & Rozaidi Ismail - TENGKOLOK AS THE HERITAGE OF PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN: THE

BINDER, TECHNIQUES, MANNER & AMP; TABOO

154

20. Amir Ahmad & Hamid Mohd Isa - THEE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL

ADAPTATION ON ORANG SELETAR CULTURES

167 21. Noor Hafiza Ismail, Hamdzun Haron, Zuliskandar Ramli& Salina Abdul Manan - THE

MEANING OF MALAY MOTIF WOOD CARVING INTERENGGANU MOSQUE

187 22. Muhamad Shafiq Mohd Ali, Zuliskandar Ramli & Bambang Budi Utomo -

COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS O ANCIENT BRICKS FROM THE SEG-II TEMPLE (UNUR LEMPENG), BATUJAYA, INDONESIA

199

23. W. Syairah Hazwani W. Petera& Mashitoh Yaacob - INFLUENTIAL ASPECTS ON

ENVIRONMENTALLY ETHICAL BEHAVIOR (EEB) OF MUSLIM WOMEN IN KUALA LUMPUR

208

24. Mohd Rohaizat Abdul Wahab, Ahmad Helmi Mohd Mokhtar, Muhamad Shafiq Mohd Ali, Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman, Zuliskandar Ramli, Ros Mahwati Ahmad Zakaria, Norlelawaty Haron & Hasnira Hassan - MAPPING OF GRAVEYARD

LOCATION OF THE SULTANS OF STATE OF PERAK AIDED BY ICT APPLICATIONS

221

PART III

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL

25. Daeng Haliza Daeng Jamal, Zuraidah Hassan & Zuliskandar Ramli - ADAPTIVE REUSE

OF SEVERAL HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN KUALA LUMPUR AS MUSEUMS

231 26. Rabiatul Jannah Mohamad, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria &

Zurina Mahadi - MONTREAL PROTOCOL AND VALUES ON SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

242

27. Ali Yusri - INDONESIAN LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF RIAU ARCHIPELAGO

REGENCY IN INDONESIAN’S PRA REFORMATION AND POST REFORMATION

248 28. Marta Auradian- LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS (CASE STUDY IN GOLD

MINING WITHOUT PERMISSION KUANTAN SINGINGI YEARS IN DISTRICT 2013-2014)

257

29. Tri Sukirno Putro, Abdul Latif Hj. Samian, & Jamaluddin Md. Jahi- IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL AUTONOMY IN RIAU PROVINCE

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ix

30. Swis Tantoro- THE SOCIETY PERCEPTION TO PT. PERTAMINA (PERSERO) EP ASSET LIRIK FIELD

272 31. M. Saeri- DIPLOMACY MODEL OF RIAU MALAY KINGDOMS 284

PART IV

POLITIC, CONFLICT AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

32. Norul Hajar Nordin, Muhammad Rizal Razman & Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria - MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ON HEALTHY SCHOOL CANTEEN’S MANAGEMENT TOWARDS QUALITY OF LIFE IN MALAYSIA

299

33. Zubaidah Mohd Nasir, Mashitoh Yaacob & Maisarah Ahmad - INFORMAL RECYCLING

ACTIVITIES IN UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA: STUDENT PERSPECTIVES

306 34. Norazmira Abdul Raman& Maisarah Ahmad- CONCEPTUAL PAPER: ROLE OF

RECYCLING SOCIALISATION AGENTS ON RECYCLING LITERACY AMONG MUSLIM YOUTH

320

35. Shawon Muhammad Shahriar, Chamhuri Siwar, Rospidah Ghazali, & Norshamliza Chamhuri - THE RURAL TRANSFORMATION CENTRE (RTC) PROGRAMME OF

MALAYSIA: AN EXAMINATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INCLUSIVE RURAL DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT

326

36. Evawani Elysa Lubis & Rumyeni - LEVEL OF MEDIA LITERACY : COMPETENCE AND

ACCESSIBILITY OF MEDIA AMONG STUDENTS OF COMMUNICATION SCIENCE IN RIAU PROVINCE

335

37. Junaidi - ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS IN TUNJUK AJAR MELAYU (MALAY

PROVERBS)

346 38. Nur Laila Meilani- GENDER RESPONSIVENESS OF LAND MANAGEMENT POLICY

SUPPORTING BENGAWAN SOLO WATERSHED REVITALIZATION

355 39. Sofia Achnes- THE PERFORMANCE OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL AND PUBLIC

SERVICE ON PUSKESMAS

367 40. Raja Muhammad Amin & Wazni - GOOD GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT: CASE OF ECOLOGY CRISIS IN SINGINGI HILIR DISTRICT

375 41. M. Y. Tiyas Tinov & Tito Handoko- HORIZONTAL CONFLICT AND SOCIAL

RELATIONS OF RURAL SOCIETY

384 42. Sujianto - POLICY MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT AND EMPOWERMENT IN

CONFLICT-PRONE BORDER REGION TOWARDS THE RELIANT COMMUNITY

392

PART V

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURE

43. Hamid Mohd Isa & Mokhtar Saidin- SUSTAINABLE HUNTERS AND GATHERERS IN

BELUM-TEMENGGOR TROPICAL RAINFOREST

402 44. Achmad Hidir - STRATEGY OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES DEVELOPMENT BASED

ON BONO TOURISM DEVELOPMENT (TIDAL BORE) IN PELALAWAN REGENCY

411 45. Ahmad Jamaan & Dini Tiara Sasmi- GAPKI EFFORTS IN FACING GREENPEANCE

ANTI-PALM OIL CAMPAIGN IN INDONESIA

420 46. Faisyal Rani - RATIFICATION OF REGULATION IN PROTECTING THE INDONESIAN

GENETIC RESOURCES UNDER SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO GOVERNMENT IN 2013

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x

47. Khairul Anwar, Isril & Wan Asrida - SOCIAL CONFLICT BASED ON PALM

PLANTATION NEAR TO RIVERSIDE AREA: DESA DOSAN SIAK CASE, 2007-2012

434 48. Puji Astuti - COMMUNITY BASED DEVELOPMENT IN AGROTOURISM CASE

STUDY: DRAGON FRUIT PLANTATION IN DESA BARU, KAMPAR DISTRICT, RIAU PROVINCE

441

49. Rd. Siti Sofro Sidiq- COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN

SULTAN SYARIF QASYIM FOREST PARK DISTRICT OF MINAS, SIAK DISTRICT OF RIAU PROVINCE

452

50. Yoserizal - THREAT TO THE PEAT REGION AND ECOSYSTEM (THE EARLY STUDY

OF RESTORASI EKOSISTEM RIAU (RER) /RIAU ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION IN KAMPAR PENINSULA)

459

PART VI

ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL

51. Adlin - THE ALTERATION OF PEKANBARU PUBLIC OPINION ON EXECUTION OF

PEKANBARU ELECTION COMMISSION’S TASK AND AUTHORITY ON RE-BALLOTING OF 2011 PEKANBARU REGIONAL LEADER ELECTION

470

52. Afrizal & Sapri Harto- THE COOPERATION OF MALAYSIA AND UNITED STATE TO REACH MALAYSIAN VISION 2020

479 53. Muchid Albintani & Welly Wirman - ‘MALAY’ MALAYSIA-INDONESIA IN THE

NATION-STATE LANDSCAPE

493 54. Tantri Puspita Yazid & Yayuk Lestari- LOCAL-FACE AND MIXED-RACE IN FEMINA

MAGAZINE AND NOVA TABLOID: HYBRIDITY AND MIMICRY IN BEAUTY AND DAILY PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA’S ADVERTISEMENTS

500

55. Febri Yuliani - PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREST

FIRE CONTROL POLICY AND LAND IN ROKAN HILIR DISTRIC THE PROVINCE OF RIAU

516

56. T. Romi Marnelly- SOCIAL ENTERPRENERSHIP IN THE PROGRAMME FOR ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY IN POVERTY IN DUMAI

523 57. Hardilina & Sri Haryaningsih - PLANTATION WITHOUT BURNING: THE

APPLICATION OF BUSINESS CONCEPT AND COMMON TO THE OIL PALM PLANTATION IN WEST KALIMANTAN

532

58. Zaili Rusli SD - THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANTATION BUSINESS LICENSE IN

SIAK REGENCY

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7th_{International Seminar on}

ECOLOGY, HUMAN HABITAT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN THE MALAY WORLD Pekanbaru, Riau, INDONESIA, 19-20 August 2014

434

Jointly Organised by

Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik & Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Riau, Indonesia

Institute of the Malay World and Civilisation (ATMA) The National University of Malaysia

Social Conflict Based on Palm Plantation Near to Riverside

Area: Desa Dosan Siak Case, 2007-2012

Khairul Anwar1, Isril1, & Wan Asrida1 1)

Lecturer of Social and Political Science Faculty, Riau University

ABSTRACT

The focus of this research is to find out triggering factors of social conflict happening around riverside area in 2007-2012. Method of this research is to identify; (1) general and particular triggering factors. (2) actors involved in the conflict. (3) actors' interest about palm plantation policy. (4) conflict solving strategy that is to come and has already done. Result shows that the non-legal dominant factors of conflict in riverside area are: poverty and awareness of the economic factor of area.

Key word: social conflict, poverty, people's awareness.

INTRODUCTION

Social conflict is growing near to riverside of Siakriver based on palm plantation area. It is started since the application of decentralization policy. Study of Cason (2000), Ngadisah (2004), Khairul (2009), Bernhard (2012), Wawan (2012) and WahanaLingkunganHidup (Walhi) of Riau show that there are 1320 social conflicts based on palm plantation area in Riau. 650 of them happen between company and society. Factually, those conflicts can bessen from (1)the people’s aggression of desaPaluh, Benayah, to the sailing ships in Siak river in 2005. (2)demonstration of people living in the area of Siak riverside to local government (Pemda) (Riau Pos, 7 Juni 2010). (3) people’s demonstration of desaBenayah, Dosan, TelukMesjid, DusunPusaka in Siak’s local government office, asking for sharing of palm plantation area in 2010 (Riau Pos, September 2010). (4) protestdesaPaluh, BentengHilir’s figure for the flood impact caused by palm plantation near to Siak riverside in 2010.

It can be seen that the conflicts are growing. People near to riverside are getting more critical in denying government’s policy. Early investigation shows that one of the most dynamic social-politic conflict in Siak riverside is related to palm plantation business. That is why writer use social-politic issue about palm plantation policy as the key to understand social-politc conflict based on the assumption that social-politic conflict based on human resource is the effect of politic 2, as stated by Muhaimin (2000), and Khairul (2009). Social conflicts occur in Siak riverside is assumed as the result of local and national politic conflict.

Based on background above, this research try to answer the main question of the research, which are: what is conclict map near to Siak riverside looks like? This main question can be formulated specifically as; (1) what are causing factors of land

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matters conflict, (2) who are the involving actors in the conflict, and (3) what is the best land matter conflict management to be applied in managing conflict near to Siak riverside year 2007-2012?

The purpose of this research is to make land matter conflict map and to find out managing management of conflict in riverside through the research of palm plantation conflict cases around Siak riverside 2007-2012 by: (1) general and specific factors from Bernhard Limbong (2012), (2) identifying the local actor of the conflict, the interest and way to manage using synergy model of Khairul’s group (2012). Writer hopes that the result of this study can be basic data in formulating managing strategy of land matters, especially in Siak riverside.

In this research, Siak riverside year 2007-2012 is the focus of the subject forsome reasons. First, KabupatenSiak has the longest riverside. It is also the most favorite riverside for people to live, compared to any other riverside in Riau. These condition make Siak riverside become the most intensive and extensive main target for application of policy about palm plantation. Beside great quantities of palm plantation resources7 (Anne Casson, 2000:1-2), this area also become susceptible to conflict and people’s different reaction mainly about social effect. Even, since 2005, pro and con reaction don not come from government and non-government only, but also in the government circle itself (Riau Tribune, February 9, 2005).

Second, DesaDosanis located in the most dynamic Siak riverside. As a traditional village and close to the center of governmental area, this area is an enterto Riau, after Batam become the area of Kepulauan Riau. This village is also the center of oil mining in Siak Riverside, Buton industry, and the center of changing for the people who used to work as fisherman. The change of environment condition (for example; pollution) force people to work as farmer in the falm plantation. Since the opening of the plantation in 2005, conflict is increasing between societies, society and PEMDA (local government), society and company, company and PEMDA. These conflicts have to be managed.

Third, in 2001, Siak becomes an autonomous area among 16 unfoldment areas in Riau. This is the biggest number of unfoldment in Indonesia. Along with the process, power swift happen in natural resources management. It was belong to central government, but, since 2001, local government has taken control in many areas. Lack of information and high number of pragmatic oriented political actors and even opportunistic emerge palm plantation policy that give positive value to big scale private business. This condition creates sustainable political tension10 in the area of Palm plantation in Riau. (Riau Tribune, June 13, 2005). Those three reasons show the importance of mapping strategy of social conflict managing in Siak based on riverside with palm plantation policy as the local political issue and give a strong focus for this research.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

To understand the analysis of this research, the data covers: political condition in Siak after ODTA, palm plantation history in Siak, choice of policies about palm plantation of each local actor in 2005-2010. Actor’s coalition with social institutions. Data contains primary and secondary data. Secondary data is taken from documents related to palm plantation, printed and electronic.

Primary data is taken from deep interview with local figures or interview done by printed media to the history actors and the building of palm plantation in Siak. Besides that, writer also got primary data from observation to the events related to policy issue about palm plantation. This observation contains: open meeting, demonstration, visiting to the palm plantation location. The purpose of the observation is to figure out the condition of relevant political environment and to get the characteristic of the cases (K. Yin, 1994:113). In this observation, data can be in the form of photos, flyer, notes, oration script or actor’s oration, and messages written on banners.

1. Data Analysis Technique

Data was analyzed using model identifikasiakarkonflikpertanahan Bernhard

Limbong(2012) and Modern Political Economy approach by JefryFrieden (2000)

which contains 4 steps: first, identifying “supporting” or “rejecting” actors in discourse and the building of palm plantation industry in Riau, deciding the target, the importance, and the root of conflict. It can be assumed that actor is individual or institution which try to maximize utility, and do the profit or loss counting. Because of the difference of natural resources, conflict is emerged in the process. Those actors come from many background, such as: leader of local government (Bupati), Dinas Perkebunan, DinasKehutanan, BadanPertanahanNasional (BPN), DewanPerwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) of KabupatenSiak. Besides that, writer also analyzedthe conflict attitude of the actors from Perusahaan BesarSwasta Negara (PBSN) like Perusahaan Terbatas Perkebunan (PTP) V, and also private companies.

Second, formulating preferences of each actors about the choice of policies that cause conflict in Siak. Data covers pattern, local government-society relationship, PBS, PBN, Perkebunan Rakyat, and Perusahaan Inti Rakyat (PIR). In choosing the plantation pattern, those actors are assumed facing at least four main considerations: land matter, work place, technology, and environment. In analyzing the data, those actors are illustrated as the party who love the pattern that can maximize the profit. Writer hopes that this analysis can tell us about triggering conflict: perception, resources, communication, or problems in Siak.

Third, identify how the actors can work together in achieving the target of conflict management. This coalition is done in term of consolidation and tostrengthen bargaining point to other groups. Data contains how the actors compromise their need with other actors or groups. It is assumed to get support in strengthen coalition. Besides that, writer also analyze coalition built by supporting or rejecting group of palm plantation policy that come from local government, private,

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and society. In this analysis, we will get some patterns of conflict direction happens among the actors.

Fourth, identify how local actors interact with other social institutions in achieving sharing target of conflict management. Will we use the approach of “bargaining”, “persuasion”, or “command”. Data to be analyzed contain importance, support base, place, and politic resources of each actors. Actor who “support” the building of palm plantation and has politic-economic resources, tend to bargain or “press” actor who “reject” the policy of palm plantation. From this analysis, writer hopes to get interaction pattern of local actors in the policy of palm plantation.

Next, data is analyzed by focusing attention to the interaction of conflicted local actors, individually or by group. Each of actors fight for individual and institutional interest in achieving the control of plantation resources. Conflict mapping of each actor and society can be classified as: supporting actor, receiving with certain condition, and rejecting actor. Those elite figures can be categorized into two groups: actor who has direct access to the policy making due to his/her position in the government. The other is non-government actor, who has a good reputation, knowledge, and related thing about policy of plantation. Those stated before make him/her has a good position. Based on the group classification, the target, interest, institutional base, and politic resources of each actor will be analyzed. Connection of each sub-politic actors will string up the strategy analysis of conflict management in Siak riverside.

DISCUSSION 1. General Factor

a. Poverty

Geographically, DesaDosan is devided into SiakKanan and SiakKiri. People of DesaDosan generally are malay ethnic. The number of residences is 635 or about 168 families. Mostly people make a living by using natural resources, especially from Siakriver. But for today, being a fisherman in Siak river is far from enough. Some informants say that it is a bad idea to go fishing lately. They get small number of fish or shrimp only or even nothing to bring home. They don’t have money for education of their children and also for medical needs. That’s why they move and make a living in mainland.

This change happen because people try to hold out in easy to change environment. For example, people work as a farmer, especially rubber plantation. Generally, they start with 0,5-2 Ha rubber plantation. But, this choice is highly depend on season. From the interview, writer found that when rainy season comes, informant only get Rp. 150.000-Rp. 200.000/week, with 30-35 kg rubber. Informant said that this number is not enough. This poverty makes them find other income as construction worker or search for some fish for meal in the sea. If they get a big catch, they will sell some. Some other people search for some forest’s wood.

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b) High economic land value

Some people of DesaDosanget funded by local government, like the opening of 628 Ha people’s forest1_{. Besides, HGU land from PT. TUM that already reach it’s}

final using, gives the chance for people to have a projection for a people’s plantation. Problem comes when PT. AraraAbadi claimed that the projection land of people is belong to PT. AraraAbadi. That land is part of it’s 200 Ha land. But, in the real situation, people have already work in that area since long time ago, where people pioneer that land by planting sago palm, but PT. AA destroy their plantation. Protest comes from DesaDosan party. People ask for reimbursement for their plantation.

2. Local actors rivalry

Palm plantation partnership program in DesaDosan is about 725 Ha, situated in about 1 km from Siakriver. There are pros and cons in planning process. What local actors know is that this program is a ownership program with a credit system. People will get 3 Ha land from local government of KabupatenSiak with credit system. Payment system will be done by taking 30% of the people’s income. Supporting actors think that people’s palm plantation can give a more prospective income resource. Because, rubber plantation is not enough, since it depend on limited production due to seasonal reason.

What cons actors know is that this program is only for people who have access to the policy making. Company actors think that this program can improve welfare and decrease land conflict possibility.

3. Actors’ interest.

According to local government actors, this partnership program can improve people’s welfare. This program is started on 2003. Before starting this program, BadanPertanahanKabupaten did a survey. After socialization I 2003 program- that was attended by Dinas Perkebunan and BadanPertanahanKabupatenSiak, people start to rebuild (measuring or kind of managing) their land that was ever cultivated using moving plantation system. This system creates a condition where people think that they don’t have to have a legal certificate.

Lots of people don’t know how to work on palm plantation. Some of the people say that there is possibility that local government or PTPN V will give coaching for this process. Besides, BPD leader- who have experience on palm plantation in Buatan, will give coaching for people in working on this program later.

4. Infrastructure

To manage palm plantation program, koperasidesa will do its part. DesaDosan has already have one, but it is not managed well. Writer got information that KoperasiDesa still in the ex Kades, while he is not there anymore. He lives in Bunga Raya now. People said that the Koperasi was only a tool for getting advantages like

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project or things like that. People want to build a new koperasi to manage farmer’s need. But, as BPD leader said, there is indication that incumbent leader (kepaladesa) does not agree with this idea. He said it is not allowed to have 2 koperasi in desaDosan.

It can be summarized that the causing factor of riverside based conflict in Siak riverside is poverty factor and the emerge of awareness among people to use land, especially the one that has high economic value.

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