Integration of Islam and Pendhalungan Cultural Values as an Umbrella Attitude Religious Tolerance

IntegratIon of Islam and

Pendhalungan Cultural

Values as a relIgIous toleranCe

attItude

Ilfiana Firzaq Arifin

Graduate History Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

ilfianafirzaq@gmail.com

Akhmad Arif Musaddad

Graduate History Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

arif_mussadad_fkip@yahoo.co.id Sudiyanto

Graduate History Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

soeddie.fkipuns@gmail.com

Abstract

Diversity is the initial trigger of changing attitudes among individuals. The attitude change can be negative or positive, depending on each

individual whether to menfilter anything that indicates the creation of

of the parties in the relevant schools. Then the data were also obtained from journals and literature support.

Keywords: Attitudes of Tolerance, The Teachings of The Islamic Religion, Cultural Values Pendhalungan.

Abstrak

Keanekaragaman adalah pemicu awal dari perubahan sikap di antara individu. Perubahan sikap bisa negatif atau positif, tergantung pada

setiap individu apakah akan menfilter apa pun yang menunjukkan

penciptaan perubahan sikap terhadap positif atau negatif. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran siswa pria dan wanita SMK Plus Nurul Ulum yang mampu menciptakan perubahan positif dalam sikapnya terhadap toleransi dengan ajaran berdasarkan nilai-nilai agama Islam dan budaya Pendhalungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif yaitu dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan beberapa pihak di sekolah yang bersangkutan. Kemudian data juga diperoleh dari jurnal dan dukungan literatur.

Kata Kunci: Sikap Toleransi, Ajaran Agama Islam, Nilai-nilai Budaya Pendhalungan.

Introduction

a.

Indonesiana societya hasa felta thea changesa ina variousa aspectsaof acommunityalife,abothainaattitude,aspeech,abehaviora

and so on1.aniversityaisaasaaakeyatriggerainachangingapeople’sa

attitudes.aIndonesiaaisaaauniqueanationastateaisacharacterizeda bya itsa diversitya asa diversitya of a ethnicity,a language,a culture,a religionaandasoaon.a romathisauniquenessashouldabeausedaasaaa strengthaforaouranationatoacreateaaamoreahumaneaattitude.

sa ita hasa beena explaineda bya Hermawan2_{a thata thea}

changesaappearainatheaaspectaof asocialalifeacanaoccurabecausea of atheadiversityathatamiscommunicationabetweenaindividualsa ora groupsa ina understandinga thea eventsa thata occurreda ina otheraaregions.a

Thea diversitya of a thea communitya hasa thea potentiala toa givea birtha toa thea segmentationa of a thea group,a itsa structurea isa divided,a weaka consensus,a oftena conflicting,a forceda integration,aandatheiradominanceaof atheagroup,aresultingaina aalackaof aspaceaforapublicalifeathatahasaimplicationsaforasociala changeapeople’salives.aThisaindicatesathatatheacommunityaisa lessareceptiveaandaawareaof atheadiversityathataisapresentainathea midstaof atheiralives.aImpactagenerateachangeatheaattitudeaof a intoleranceatowardaothers.

Jembera communitya cana bea regardeda asa aa diversea communitya thata isa multiculturala societya anda multi-ethnic,a evidenceda bya thea originsa of a thea peoplea whoa werea borna fromaancestorsaof adifferentaculturesaandaethnicities,anamelya Java,a Madura,a Chinese,a rabica anda Osing.a Multiculturala anda multi-ethnica basisa isa thea backgrounda of a thea creationa of a communitya Jembera createa aa newa culturea thata isa culturea Pendhalungana whicha isa composeda of a diversea culturesa anda ethnicacommunitiesaframingaJember.

Jembera contemporarya societya first,a rateda asa aa societya thata isa toleranta of a diversitya whethera it’sa toa race,a ethnicity,a religion,araceaandasoaon.aButatheseadaysatheapublicaimageaof a Jembera formerlya knowna asa friendlya societies,a mutuala love,a mutuala tolerance,a politea anda civilizeda gooda layera of a folka andapoliticalaeliteahadaalmostaceasedatoaexist.aThisaisamosta

2_{WawanaHernawan,a“SocialaPrejudiceaInaReligiousaPluralitya taCiguguranistricta} Regencyaof aKuninganaWestaJava,”aJournal of Social Sciences and Humanitiesa19,ano.a1a(2017),a

likelyadueatoatheaprocessaof atransformationafromatraditionala towardsamodernalifeaoracommonlyacalledamodernization.

Basically,atheanotionaof amodernizationaincludesaaatotala transformationaof aco-existenceaof atraditionalaorapre-moderna ina termsa of a technologya anda sociala organizationa towardsa patternsaofaeconomicaandapoliticalabecameatheamainafeatureaof a westernacountriesaareastable.aModernizationaisaaaformaofasociala change.aUsuallyaaapurposefulasocialachange,awhichaisabasedaona

aaplanningamethodacalledasocialaplanning.aRogers3ainterpreta

modernizationaisaaaprocessabyawhichaindividualsacanachangea theatraditionalawayaof alifeatoalifestylesathataareamoreacomplexa

andaadvanced,aandarapidlyachanging.aEisenstadtd4pointaabouta

modernization.a Hea saida thata modernizationa isa aa jointa co-pacedaworldaof amodernaalthoughadisruptatheaunityathatahada beena embeddeda fora lifea ina modernity.a Modernizationa isa aa problema thata musta bea faceda bya thea communitya concerneda becauseatheaprocessaincludesaareasaof averyabroad,ainvolvesa aa processa of a disorganization,a sociala problems,a conflictsa betweenagroups,atheabarriersatoachangeaandasoaon.aUsuallya peopleawhoahaveacommonacharacteristicsadescribedabyathea termamodernizationaof asocialamobility,ameansaaaprocessaof a socio-economicaelementsaandapsychologicalastartingatoashowa opportunitiesatowardsanewapatternsathroughasocializationaanda behaviorapatterns.aManifestationsaareaaspectsaof amodernalifea suchaasaurbanization,amechanization,aRegularamassamediaaanda soaon.aWhileatheasocialaaspectsasturkturalasocialaorganizationa isa defineda asa thea elementsa anda societala normsa area realizeda whena humansa makea contacta witha eacha othera ina sociala life.a Thesea structurala changesa maya involvea sociala institutions,a societalanorms,asocialastrata,arelationshipsaandasoaon.a roma

3 EverettaMaRogers,a_{Modernization Among Peasants: The Impact of Communication}

(NewaYork:aHolt,aRinehart,aandaWinston,a1976).

4 S.NaEisenstadtd,a_{Modernization: Protest and Change}

sucha understandinga cana bea concludedathata theareala mana isa theacreatureawhoaalwaysawantatoachangeathemselves.aChangesa inahumanabeingsausuallyafollowatheapatternaof atheaprevailinga circumstancesainawhichahealived.aButawithathisamodernization,a humanabeingsacanachooseatheapathafromaanywhereaandadoa anythingaforahimatoabeaandareferredatoaasaaamodernahuman.a Thisameansathatatheaactualamodernizationainvitesapeopleatoa buildaaanegativeaattitude.aSupposedlyawithamodernizationacana bringapeopleatoabuildaaamoreapositiveaattitudeaandahaveaaaverya greatauseavalueaforaitsasurvivalaperiodatoatheanext.

longawithait,athearealamodernizationainvitesapeopleatoa builda anothera sidea of a hisa charactera ina aa positivea direction,a turnsa outa toa havea negativea impactsa asa wella whicha isa quitea unusualaforatheacommunityaandaamongastudentsainaJember.a Variousakindsaof aviolenceaandasocialaconflictathataledatoathea birthaof anewamovementsathatacarryatheanameaof areligionaasaaa backdropaandaaabaseainatheaactaalmostaentirelyainaJember.

Beritajatim.com5proclaimatheirareportatoatheaGPa nsora

statingathatathereaisaaagroupaof aIslamic-basedareligiousasectsa preachatoablameatheareligiousaritualsaof asocietya(suchaasatahlil)a inaGladakaPakemasubdistrictaSumbersariaandaSweetaLand,aasa wellaasaSiloaSubdistrictaJember.aTheyaassumeathataTahlilaana unlawfulaactivityaandaheresyainaIslam,asoaitacananotabeadone.a

Thenalaunchaalsoaof adailykompas.com6notesathatathereaarea

fivea religiousa conflictsa thata occura ina Jember.a urthermore,a ina thea newsa Halim,a whoa servesa asa chairmana of a thea MUIa Jemberamentionathatatheafiveaconflictakeagaamanaappearinga inaJemberawhichacomesafromaideologysatoaemergingalatelyaina JemberasuchaasaideologyaQodriyatulaQosimiyah,aIndonesiana

5 Beritajatim.com,a “Waspadaia nakwaha Intoleran,a MUIa Jembera Segeraa Temuia

GPa nsor,”a2018.

6 Kompas.com,a “MUI:a 2013,a Limaa Konflika Keagamaana Terjadia nia Jember,”a

Islamica Propagationa Institutea (LnII),a thea ideologya of a boardinga Rabbani,a thea ideologya of a thea Collegea nirosaha Islamiyaha (STnI)a Imama Shafi’i,a anda conflicta ina thea villagea Syia’ahaPugeraPugeraKulonasubdistrict.aOtherareligious-baseda intoleranceacasesathatahaveaoccurredainaJemberathataclashesa

betweenaSunniavsaShiaaasainatheareportsaof aVO -Islam.com7

reporteda thata havea beena clashesa betweena religiousa sectsa ina theavillageaof aJemberanamelyaPugeraKulonanistrictaof aPugera betweenatheaideologyaof aSunniavsaSyi’ahaIslamathatacausesa oneapersonaafatalities.a

Religiousanuancesarelatedasocialaconflictsathataoccuraina variousaareas,aincludingathatacausedabyareligionainapublicalifeaisa aasensitiveamatter,asoathatathroughatheareligiousasentimentsaof a aapersonaoragroupaof apeopleapsychologicallyaeasilyamobilizeda

andautilizedabyagroupsainaconflictaforasupport.aBruinessen8

saidathatatheasectarianaviolenceainaIndonesiaaisaoneaof athea seriousa problemsa anda becomea aa newa phenomenona thata isa mostastrikingainatheacurrentapoliticsainaIndonesia.aWhileathea mainacausesaof aconflictainageneralatheanon-religious,apolitical,a economicaandacultural.

Rampanta casesa of a intolerancea betweena religionsa beinga spreada Jembera communitya latelya aa horizontala casesa whichaareasometimesadifficultatoaresolve.aTheadifficultyaof a disputearesolutionahorizontalareligionaamongatheapeopleacana beatriggeredafromatheasturdyastanceaheldabyathearespectivea religionsaandadenominations.aSoathat’sawhereatheirabaseaana argumenta toa bea stronga anda difficulta conflicta toa bea muted.a Thereaareagovernmentaeffortsatoaovercomeait,asayatheyafieldeda religiousaexperts,apolice,aandatheaholdersaof apoweraasaaathirda partyainaresolvingainter-religiousaconflictainaJember.

7_{VO -Islam.com,a“HabibaZeina lkaf:aBentrokaniaJemberaadalahaKonflikaSunnia} vsaSyi’ah,”a2013.

Thea risea of a thea currenta casea illustratesa thata peoplea ina Jembera alreadya havea aa stronga faitha ina religiona anda doesa notahaveaaasocialavalueathatatertananamainaparticularaculturea of a tolerancea towardsa others.a Soa thea relationshipsa betweena peopleaareanotaasabeautifulaasatheafirst.aShealackedatoleranceaina theaheartsaofaeveryasocietyaisaheterogeneous,acausingaconcerna isahighaenoughatoaseeatheseachangesaleadatoachangesainathea valuesaaaof alifeathataareacontraryatoatheavaluesaaaof areligionaanda cultureaofatheanobleanation.aTheavaluesaaacontainedainatheanoblea nationaof areligionaandacultureaisaanaimportantafoundationaina socialalifeaandareligion.aBesidesareligiousaandaculturalavaluesaaa ofatheanobleanationaisaaastrongaidentityatoaintroduceaourselvesa toatheaoutsideaworld,

Islamicareligiousaandaculturalavalues,aespeciallyatheanoblea nationaPendhalunganaembeddedacultureaandainvestedabyathea predecessoraareahighlyaeffectiveainaaffectingatheajointsaof athea socialacommunityainaJember.aIf apeopleaJemberarealizingait,a theyashouldahaveastrengthenedatheafaithaandaconfidenceaina theavaluesaaaof aculturalaandapracticedainarealalifeainaorderatoa avoida eventsa thata area nota expecteda asa protracteda conflictsa anda tragediesa of a thea humana rightsa violations,a especiallya ina trustaareligious.

andaharmonyainatheabodyaofaaaschoolathataisabeingaparticularlya ona thea desirea of a eacha schoola community,a maupauna widera community.a Harmonya schoola communitya isa intendeda asa aasituationawhereatheainstitutionsaarealocatedatoatheaschoola asa principala institutionsa actuallya functiona anda complementa eacha other.a Soa thata ina sucha circumstancesa thea individuala psychologicallya willa feela thea tranquilitya ina thea absencea of a oppositionainatheanormsaandavalues.

Plusa SMKa Nurula Uluma isa baseda boardinga school,a locatedainaoneaof atheavillagesainatheadistrictaof aJemberaPanti.a lthougha thea basisa of a Islamica boardinga schoolsa attacheda toahim,athereaisanoadoubtatheyadoanotacareaaboutatheaothera peopleaof atheasameareligionabutahaveadifferentaideology,aasa wellaasatoaothersaof adifferentadenominationsafromahisabase.a Hasamanyaactivitiesaundertakenatoaimplementatheaattitudeaof a religiousatoleranceathroughaactivitiesaof asocial,areligiousaanda soaon.aItamakesaSMKaPlusaNurulaUlumaasaaaschoolathataisa ableatoabuildaaafortressastrongareligiousatoleranceaattitudeatoa avoidatransmissionaof atheavirusathatawasaendemicareligiousa intoleranceaamongapeopleaof aJember.

Theapurposeaof awritingathisaarticleaisatoadescribeathea attitudea of a religiousa tolerancea of a studentsa of a SMKa Plusa NurulaUlumabasedaonatheateachingsaofaIslamaandatheaculturala valuesaaaPendhalunganaJember.aThisaisaaaproof athatatolerancea isa indispensable,a especiallya ina respecta of a aa differencea ina theaheterogeneityaof atheapotasoathatathereawillabeanoamorea divisionsa anda variousa conflictsa thata arisea asa aa resulta of a theiraadifferences.

wereausedainathisastudyaisafromatheaschoolaSMKaPlusaNurula Uluma iea principals,a teachers,a anda studentsa involved.a nataa wereacollectedabyainterview,aobservationaandadocumentation.a Ina addition,a dataa werea alsoa obtaineda froma thea literaturea aa widearangeaof ajournalsaandabooksasupportingaliterature.

Discussion

B.

Historical Background of Students At SMK Plus

1.

Nurul Ulum

PlusaSMKaNurulaUlumaisaaaschoolalocatedainaoneaofathea villageainatheadistrictaof aPanti,aJember.aThisaschoolaisabaseda boardingaschoolaofaIslamathatastoodafroma2007auntilanow.aThisa schoolaisaaaprivateavocationalaschoolsathataprovideavocationala dressmaking.a Whicha isa owneda bya thea schoola studentsa area studentsawhoacomeafromatheaenvironmentaaroundatheaschoola inatheavillageaof aPantiasubdistrictaKemungsariloraandafroma remoteavillagesa rgopuroaslopeaof atheamountainalikeanusuna KarangaPakel,aBadeananesa,anesaaPakis,aHamletaBerekaSabe,a WidodarenaHamlet,aandaHamletaLaokaSongai.

Thea incorporationa of a studentsa intoa thea vocationala PlusaNurulaUlumafromavariousaregions,aleadatoatheacreationa of a heterogeneousa multiculturala students,a becausea ina eacha regionaholdsatheatribala/aethnicaitself.aExamplesaHamletaLaoka SabeadonateaMadureseastudents,aandastudentsawhoadonateda Kemuningsariloravillageaof aJavaneseaethnicity.aEthnica/atribala decorateaSMKaNurulaUlumaPlusaisatheamajorityaof aJavaaanda Madura,aalthoughathereaareasomeasmallaethnica rabsawhicha onlyaaccountsafora`35%aonly.

understandatheaideologyaof atheaIslamicareligionatheyabelievea inalikeaMuhammadiyah,aNahdlatulaUlama,aandaYahuka(Jehuka

inaMadurese).aRohman9_{asaidathataeveryareligiousasectsainaIslama}

carryaandagiveabirthatoatheaideologyaof aitsaownabutastillatakea shelteraandabreathaof aIslam.aInaaccordanceawithathisaopinion,a itaisainaIslamainnumerableastreamsawhichaappearainaeachaof a theseastreamsacarryaaaveryagoodaunderstandingatoabeataughta toahisafollowers.aTheafollowingawillaexplainaaafewaunderstooda theareligiousastreamsacarriedabyaeachamaleaandafemaleastudentsa inavocationalaPlusaNurulaUlumaPanti,aaJember:

Nahdlatul Ulama a.

Nahdlatula Ulamaa (NU)a isa anideologya ina thea understandinga of a Islama wasa borna ina aa traditionala Islamica boardingaschools,abroughtabyaKH.a bdulaWahabaHasbullaha

anda KH.a Hasyima shari10_{.a Nahdalatula Clerica isa onea of a}

thea oldesta Islamica organizationa ina Indonesia11_{.a NUa isa thea}

largestaIslamicaorganizationaof atwoaIslamicaorganizationsaina

Indonesia,anamelyaMuhammadiyah12_.

NUawasafoundedaina1926aasaanaassociationaof ascholarsa

in Indonesia13.a Morea profounda Nakamuraa explaineda

thata sincea almosta half a aa centurya of a thea foundinga of a thisa organizationa Nahdlatula Ulama,a NUa wasa transformeda intoa thea largesta Islamica religiousa organizationa of a thisa naturea

9 _{bdula Rohman,a “Persepsia Kelompoka Syahadataina Terhadapa Nilai-nilaia} ToleransianiaKabupatenaBanyumas,”aJurnal AnalisaaXVIII,ano.a2a(2011),a273–83.

10 _{aisalaIsmail,a“TheaNahdlatulaUlamaaItsaEarlyaHistorya ndaContributionaToa} TheaEstablishmentaof aIndonesianaState,”aJournal of Indonesian Islama05,ano.a02a(2011),a

248–82.

11_{MitsuoaNakamura,a“TheaRadicalaTraditionalismaof atheaNahdlatulaUlamaaina} Indonesia:a aPersonala ccountaof athea26thaNationalaCongress,aJunea1979,aSemarang,”a

South East Asian Studiesa19,ano.a2a(1981),a187–204.

12_{RobbinaBush,aNahdlatul Ulama and The Struggle for Power Within Islam and Politics}

in Indonesiaa(Singapore:aISE SaPublishing,a2009).

evenathoughatheaorganizationaisanotaaagovernmentalaoranon-governmentalaaorganizations.

NUa adoptsa hla waljama’ah,a whicha isa aa mindseta thata takesa aa middlea waya betweena toa extremea aqlia (rationalist)a withatheaextremeanaqlia(skepturalis).aBecauseatheasourcesaof a Islamica lawa fora NUa nota onlya thea Qur’ana anda Sunnah,a buta alsoauseatheaintellectacoupledawithaempiricalareality.aHowatoa thinkalikeathatareferredafromaearlierathinkersasuchaasa bua l-Hasana l- sh’ariaanda buaMansura laMaturidiainatheology/ monotheismaofaGodhead.aThenainatheafieldaofajurisprudencea morea likelya toa followa thea Shafi’ia schoola of a priestsa anda recognizeatheaotherathreeaschoolsaof atheaHanbaliaschoolaof a priests,a imamsa anda priestsa Hanafia Maliki.a sa illustrateda ina theaNUa4-staraemblemabelow.aWhileainatheafieldaof aSufisma developedamethodsaof a l-GhazaliaandaSheikha l-Baghdadia JuneidaintegratingabetweenaSufismaLaw.

Thea ideaa of a aareturninga toa Khittaha ina 1984a wasa ana importanta momentuma toa reinterpreta thea teachingsa of a hlussunnaha Wala Jama’aha ( SW J )a anda redefineda thea methodsaof athought,abothainatheafieldaof ajurisprudenceaanda social.aNUaasawellaasaredefinedathearelationshipawithatheastate.a Theamovementasucceededaagainaarousedathinkingaandasociala dynamicsawithinaNU.

NUahasaalwaysaparticipatedaactivelyainatheaprocessaof a humanaconstructivist,awitharootsainatheateachingsaTawasuth,a Tasamuh,a tawazuna anda enjoininga gooda anda forbiddinga

wrong14_{.Understandingatheaideologyaof aNahdlatulaUlamaaisa}

thea ideologya thata hasa aa lota of a followers.a KH.a Hasyima hasa statedathatatheanumberaof afollowersaof aNUainaIndonesiaaasa

manyaasa60amillionapeopleabutaGusanuraestimatedathatamorea

thatamoreathana50%aof aIndonesiaaisaNahdliyin15_.

SMKa Plusa Uluma asa mucha asa 60%a of a studentsa of a classesa X-XIIa understanda thea ideologya of a thea Nahdlatula Ulamaa(NU),asoaitacanabeaconcludedathatathisaideologyaisathea ideologyathatadominatesaamongamaleaandafemaleastudentsaof a SMKaPlusaNurulaUlum.aHowever,aitadoesanotameanaNUaasa ideasaideologyamostadominatingareligionainatheaschool,anotaaa lotaof aboysaandagirlsawhoaadoptsaotherareligiousastream,abuta theyaalsoaadoptsaanotherastreamatheyathinkaisacorrect.

Muhammadiyah

b.

Muhammadiyaha isa nota knowna asa ana ideology,a buta aa movementa thata ata firsta glancea looksa likea aa doctrinairea movement,a buta alsoa ata firsta glancea looksa likea aa systematica theologicalamovementathatausesatheaQur’anaandaSunnahaasa

theabasisaof aanaemphasisaonatheamoralaandaethicalaaspects16_.a

Muhammadiyahaisaoneaof atheaIslamicareformamovementaina Indonesiaathatabeganaatatheabeginningaof athea20thacentury,a whereaatatheatime,awasaaaperiodainatheaMiddleaEastaexperienceda changesabroughtasuchafigures:aIbnaTaymiyyah,aMuhammada ibna bdulaWahab,aJamaludina la fghani,aMuhammada bduha anda Muhammada Rasyida Ridho.a Muhammadiyaha wasa borna ona18aNovembera1912atoacoincideaMiladiyahaonathea8thaof a nhuaal-Hijjaha1330a HafoundedabyaKHa hmadanahlanaina Yogyakarta.aUnlikeaMuhammadiyahaorganizationaNahdlatula Ulamaawhichaisaaatraditionalaorganization.aMuhammadiyaha organizationaisaaamodernaorganization,areformistaandaupdates.a Ita cana bea symbolizeda thata Muhammadiyaha ideologya isa thea

15_{MohamadaSobary,aNU dan Keindonesiaana(Jakarta:aGramediaaPustakaaUtama,a} 2010).

16_{MutohharunaJinan,a“MuhammadiyahaStudies:aTransformasiaKajianaTentanga} GerakanaIslamadiaIndonesia,”aAnalisa Journal of Social Science and Religiona22,ano.a02a(2015),a

ideologyathataisafanaticalainaaccordanceawithatheaopinionaof a theaRafflesaaboutaIslamareligionaofafanatics.a

However,aMuhammadiyahaisaaalargeaIslamicaorganizationa intoatwoaafteratheaNahdlatulaUlama.aTheaorganization’sanamea isa takena froma thea namea of a thea Propheta Muhammad,a soa Muhammadiyahaalsoamayabeaknownaasapeopleawhoabecomea followersaof atheaProphetaMuhammad.aMuhammadiyahamaina objectivea isa toa returna alla irregularitiesa thata occurreda ina thea processaof apropaganda.aTheseadeviationsaoftenaleadatoathea teachingsaof aIslamamixed-mixedablendainawithatheahabitsaof a certainaareasaforareasonsaof aadaptation.

Muhammadiyahamovementacharacterizedabyatheaspirita of abuildingatheasocialaorderaandapublicaeducationaareamorea advancedaandaeducated.aShowingaIslamaisanotajustaaareligiona isa privatea anda static,a buta dynamica anda servesa asa aa systema of a humana lifea ina alla itsa aspects.a Ina manya Muhammadiyaha formationareflectsatheacommandsaof atheaQur’anaamongathea letteraofa liaImranaversea104.aItaexplainsathataMuhammadiyaha containsacuesaforamovementaof apeopleainaanaorganizedawaya toaexplainaIslamicapropaganda,atheapeopleawhoamove,awhicha alsoacontainsaanaaffirmationaofalifeaberoganisasi.aThenainaitema 6aPreambleatoatheaarticlesaof aassociationaof aMuhammadiyaha readsa“charity-launchaeffortsaandastruggleawithaorganizationala orderawhichaimpliesatheaimportanceaof atheaorganizationaasaaa necessaryatoolamovement.

ideologya of a NUa anda Yahuka ideology.a ora example,a whena somebodyadies.a orasevenadaysaandasevenanightsaifaaastreamaof a scholarsaeveryadayaNahdalatuladoatahlilanableakaeventsainaordera toa praya fora thea dead,a buta thea ideologya of a Muhammadiyaha itaisanotanecessary.a oraexample,awhenasomebodyadies.a ora sevenadaysaandasevenanightsaif aaastreamaof ascholarsaeveryadaya Nahdalatuladoatahlilanableakaeventsainaorderatoaprayaforathea dead,abutatheaideologyaof aMuhammadiyahaitaisanotanecessary.a ora example,a whena somebodya dies.a ora sevena daysa anda sevenanightsaif aaastreamaof ascholarsaeveryadayaNahdalatuladoa tahlilanableakaeventsainaorderatoaprayaforatheadead,abutathea ideologyaof aMuhammadiyahaitaisanotanecessary.

Unlikea ideologya NU,a onlya 30%a of a studentsa whoa embraceathisagenre,aandamostaof athemaethnica rabsawhoalivea aroundatheavillageaof atheanistrictaRampibujiaRambipuji.a

Understand Yahuk (Jehuk) c.

Nota mucha isa knowna abouta thea ideologya Yahuka (Jehuk).a lmosta nevera founda aa studya thata analyzesa of a thisa ideology.aYahukaideologya(Jehuk)aisatoasayaaanewastreamaina Islam.a Thisa streama isa aa streama of a Islama bernafaskana Java,a soaitacanabeasaidathisaideologyaisatheaideologyaof aJavanesea

Islam.Hodgson17_{statesa thata Islama isa thea dominanta forcea ina}

thearitesabeliefsaof aCentralaJavaaandaheaalsoahelpedashapeathea charactera of a sociala interactiona anda dailya lifea of a thea wholea societyaof aJava.a urthermore,aHodgsonaalsoaexplainedathata Islamapenetratedasoaquicklyaandadeeplyaintoatheastructureaof a Javaneseacultureabecauseaita isa embraceda bya thea palacea asa aa baseaforaTeoratikacountry.

Geertz18_{ainahisabookaTheaReligionaofaJavaaexplainaviewsa}

onaIslamaandaJavaaareatwoadifferentaentitiesathataareadesigneda

17_{MaHodgson,aThe Venture of Islam. Conscience and History in a World Civilization,} ed.(Chicago:aUniversityaofaChicagoaPress,a1974).

separately,aoppositeaandanotacompounded.a urthermore,ahea explainedathataIslamaisacontrastedawithatheaJavaneseawhoaisa seenaasaaaromanticareligion,aarchaic,aandafascinating.aIf abrieflya describeda Islama anda Javaa isa thea antonym.a Soa thata ina turn,a IslamainaJavaa(JavaneseaIslam)aisaaapopularareligionaisaseenaasaaa deviationafromaIslam.aButaunlikeathatadescribedabyaWoodwarda aboutaIslamaandaJavaneseaasahasabeenadescribedabyaGeertza

above.Woodward19_{showathataIslamaandaJavaacompatible.aIf a}

thereaisaanyaconflictahappenedabetweenatheatwo,aisasomethinga thata isa naturala anda fundamentala Islama throughouta history.a nisagreement/conflictathereaisaaaclassicaproblemathataisaverya oftenatheacaseainaIslam.aItacanabeausedaasaaareferenceainaIslama howatoabalanceabetweenathealegaladimensionaandatheamysticala dimensionabetweenatheacontaineraandatheacontents,abetweena innera anda outer.a Soa thusa thea religiona anda thea Javanesea area Muslima becausea aspectsa of a Islamica doctrinea hasa replaceda Hinduisma anda Buddhisma asa ana axioma of a Javanesea culturea anda Javanesea Islama herea isa seena asa aa varianta reasonablea ina IslamaandaisaentitledatoabeapresentaasawellaasainaIslamicaIndia,a IslamicaPersia,aIslamaMalayaandasoaon.

aTheaideologyaof athisareligionacanabeacalledaaaprimitivea religiousa sects,a becausea thingsa thata area pleasinga ina thisa religiousa sectsa sucha asa itsa shape,a itsa teachings,a attitudesa

espousedarealizedainatheaformsaof arituals,amythology,aetc.20

Soa thea ideologya of a thisa religiona isa nota ana Islamica fanatica religiousa sects.a However,a uniquea toa thisa genrea isa thata theya stilla breatha thea parenta religiona of a Islam.a Syari’ata theya holda isa alsoa ana Islamica shariah.a Syari’ata codifiesa aa seta of a normsa andabehaviorathataisatakenafromatheaQuranaandaHadith.aBotha canashapeabehavior,aobedienceaandasubmission.aMeanwhile,a

scripturesa useda bya Yahuka ideologya area of a thea Qur’ana anda theaBookawhichanormallyadelvesaintoatheastoryamenaka(1001a nights).a Theya alsoa usea thea Haditha asa parta of a thea corea of a Islam.aTogetherawithatheaKoran,atheaHadithaandatheabooka theya believea theya useda toa forma thea corea of a thea normativea Islamicalaw.

Of atheamanyastudentsawhoatakeascienceaataSMKaNurula Uluma Plus,a ita wasa nota aa lota of a studentsa anda studentsa of a SMKaPlusaNurulaUlum’saunderstand.aBecauseatheaideologya isaalsoanotasoamuchahaveamembers,aandaevenatheaideologya isanotasoawellaknownaamongatheageneralapublic.aOnlya10%a sayathealeast.aMostaof athemacomeafromatheamountainaslopesa of aHamletaBereka rgopuroaSabe.aSabeaBerekaHamletaisaonea of atheahamletsainatheavillageaBadeanaareastillaincludedainathea nistrictaBangsalsariaregion.aTheamajorityaofathemacomeafroma theaMadurese.

Table 1. Distribution of religious sects and ethnic student of SMK Plus Nurul Ulum

territory tribe Religion Religion ideology

VillageaBadean Java,

Madura

Kemuningsarilora Java and Madura

Islam NahdlatulaUlama

HamletaBerekaSabe Madura Islam Yahuka(Jehuk)

HamletaLaoka

Songai Madura Islam NahdlatulaUlama

nusunaKaranga

pakel Madura Islam NahdlatulaUlama

hamletaWidodaren Madura Islam NahdlatulaUlama

VillageaRamipuji Java, Madura

anda rabic

Islam Muhammadiyah,a andaNu

romapartialaunderstandingaof aIslamaexistingaideology,a understandaNUaisaunderstoodathataoccupyatheatopapositiona amonga studentsa thata isa donateda bya 60%.a Thena followeda bya Muhammadiyaha bya 30%a anda Yahuka (Jehuk)a of a 10%.a Thisadescriptionaisasimilaratoatheapercentageaof atheacurrenta understandingaof areligionabelievedabyatheapublicaJember.aThea majorityaof aJemberaembraceaNUaideologyaasaaastreamathata existainaIslam.

lthoughaNUaisaunderstoodathatatheamostadominantaina vocationalaPlusaNurulaUlum,amaleaandafemaleastudentsawhoa areacontinuingatoabuildaadoptsaaahumbleaattitudeacontrolaanda balanceainatheafaceaof adiversity.aToleranceainareligionaalwaysa upholdathem,abecauseatheyamengaggapathatareligionaisaaaparta of ahumanarights,atheyaareafreeatoachooseatheirapersonalarightsa withoutacoercion.a sastatedainatheaQur’anaSuraha l-Kafiruna

paragrapha6a“Toayouayourareligionaandatoameamyareligion”.21

Theaverseahasatheameaningathatahumansaareanotaallowedatoa forcea anothera humana beinga intoa thea teachingsa hea believesa in,a sucha asa religiousa teachings.a Theya havea beena releaseda fora believinga whata theya believea ina thisa world.a Becausea nota necessarilya whata wea believea isa thea righta thing,a ita coulda bea whataweaslanderaagainstathoseaweaforcedatoaparticipateajoina theadoctrineawhichaweabelieveaisanotacorrectadoctrine.aThisaisa inaaccordanceawithatheaQuranainaSuraha laHujurataversea11a

whichasaysa“Oayeawhoabelieve,adoaaabunchaof amenadegradinga anothera group,a maya bea ridiculeda ita bettera thana them.a nda doanotaalsoaaabunchaof aotheracollectionadegradingawomen,a probablyaloweredaitabetter”.

Therea area soa manya thingsa wea usea asa guidelinesa anda flashbacksaasaaaself alearningaprocessaforaeveryone.aHowever,a unfortunatelya therea isa aa feelinga thata whata theya believea anda understandaisatheabestathingasoatheyaneveralearnatoaappreciatea others.a Ina fact,a if a wea probea furthera abouta thea significancea of atheadifference,atheadifferenceaisatheamostawonderfulathinga if aweaunderstandaitawisely.aItaisalikeaaaideologyeragardenaina downtowna consistinga of a variousa kindsa of a ideologyersa area bloominga together,a noa onea wantsa toa destroya onea anothera becausea of a aa differencea becausea theya area awarea of a thea differencesainathemawillagrowaandaprosperatogetherainapeacea andaspreadatheabeautyaandapeaceaforaeveryone.

Thea existencea of a aa differencea whethera ita ideology,a ethnicity,a religion,a race,a sexa anda soa fortha isa alreadya commonplaceainathisaworldaevenathisaisaaasimphonyawhicha producesa thea sounda of a lifea of a thea blenda aa widea rangea of a differentatones.aInterestingly,athisaisasomethingathataweaarea proudaof,aespeciallyainatheastateaof aIndonesiaaisaaanationaof a islandsabebedaaranksawereafollowedabyadiversityaof aethnicity,a religion,arace,aethnicityaandaitsaownalanguage.aNaturalanaturea determinedabyatheasupremeacreationaweacananotadeny.a saina spokenabyaGodainatheaQur’analettera r-Rumaversea22awhicha readsa“andaamongatheasignsaof aHisapoweraisatoacreateathea heavensa anda thea eartha anda therea spranga berlaina languagea anda skina color.a Trulya semikiana ita reallya artifactsa area signsa fora thosea whoa know”.a urthermore,a Nura Cholisa Majida ina

Barton22_{astatedathatahumanapluralityaisatheafactathatatheaLorda}

desires.a urthermore,a llahaalsoareinforceahisawordsaabouta thea differencea thata asa founda ina Suraha la Hujurata versea 13a whichareadsa“Oamankind!aWeacreatedayouafromaaamaleaanda aafemale,aandamadeayouanationsaandatribesathatayeamayaknowa eacha othera toa know,a Verilya thea noblesta amonga youa ina thea sightaof a llahaisatheamostapiousaamongayou.aIndeed,a llahaisa Knoweraknow”.

urthermore,a thea Qur’ana statesa thata differencesa of a opinionaorahumanaruleashouldanotabeafeared,abutashouldabea thea startinga pointa toa competea fora thea bettera (Suraha 5:48).a Therefore,a thea differencea isa aa naturala lawa (thea laws)a thata willanotachangeaandacananotabeadenied.aItacanabeaconcludeda thatatheadifferencesainatheaunderstandingaof areligionaisathea productaof ahonestaviewaagainstahumanityainspiredabyamutuala respectaamongaindividualsaandagroups.

Reflectinga ona thea above,a thea Pancasilaa whicha isa thea ideologyaof a theapeopleaof a Indonesiaa ina theafirstaprinciple,a namelyaonaGodaalsoaexplainedathatathataevenainaouranationaisa composedaof adifferentareligionsabutahaveaoneaGod,aandadoa notaallowaforaanyasocietyatoaforceaotherapeopleatoaworshipa whatatheyabelieve.

Clearlyathereathatamanawasacreatedawithaaadifference,a differentatribesaandanationsasoathatatheyacanarecognizeaeacha otherasoaitadoesanotaariseaembersaof ahatredaagainstafellowa humanabeings.

Culture of SMK Plus Nurul Ulum

2.

Geertz23_{a definesa culturea isa humana knowledgea thata isa}

believeda toa bea truea bya thea persona concerneda anda covereda andaenvelopedatheafeelingsaandaemotionsaof ahumanaasawella asaaasourceaforatheaassessmentasystemaisasomethingathataisa goodaandabad,asomethingavaluableaoranot,asomethingaisacleana ora dirty,a anda so.a Thisa cana happena becausea thea culturea wasa shroudedabyamoralavaluesaaaderivedafromamoralavaluesaaaareaaa wayaof alifeaandatheaethosaoraethicalasystemainapossessaeverya humanabeing.

Cultureahasabecomeaaasystemaof aknowledgeacontinuallya anda everya timea whena therea isa stimulation,a useda toa bea ablea toaunderstandaandainterpretaaavarietyaof asymptoms,aeventsa andaobjectsathataexistainaaaculturalaenvironmentathatawasaalsoa ownedabyatheasocietyainawhichahealives.a urthermore,aculturea hasa aa rolea asa aa frameworka fora understandinga thea handle.a Soawithatheahumanacultureahasatheaabilityatoarealizeacertaina behaviora ina accordancea witha thea stimulia thata exista ora area beingafaced.

Cultureaisalikeaaarecipeainacooking,awhichacanaresultaina behavioraandacertainaculturalaobjects,aasarequiredainaaccordancea withatheastimulusaoramotivationaof afacing.aThearecipesathata existainaeveryacultureaconsistsaof aaaseriesaof ainstructionsafora organizing,aselectingaandaassemblingatheasymbolsanecessary,a soa thata thea symbolsa havea beena screeneda ita togethera anda arrangedainaaaway,aisamanifestedainatheaformaof abehaviorala oraculturalaobjectsaasadesiredabyatheaperpetrators.aBesides,aina everyacultureathereaisaalsoaaaprescription-respawhichaamonga otherathingsacontainsatheaknowledgeatoaidentifyatheagoalsaanda

waysatoaachieveasomethingawithatheabest.24

Cultureavalidaandaexistainaeveryaaspectsaofalife.a saculturea prevailingaataSMKaPlusaNurulaUlum.aTheaprevailingaculturea atathisaschoolaisaapplyingaboardingaculture.a saweaknowathea Islamica boardinga schoola isa ana educationala institutiona witha Indonesianacharacteristics.aInaotheraIslamicacountriesatherea isa noa institutiona thata hasa thea characteristicsa anda traditionsa exactlyaasaboardingaschools,aalthoughathereamayabeacertaina educationala institutionsa ina othera countriesa area considereda toa havea similaritiesa witha schoolsa likea Ribath,a Sakana nakhlia oraaJam’iyyah.

PesantrenaisaaasystemaofaIslamicaeducationainaIndonesia,a whichahasademonstratedaitsaroleatoacontributeanoalittleatoathea developmentaof ahumanabeings.aBoardingainstitutionaisaalsoa anaIslamicaeducationalainstitutionathataownsathealodge,athea mosque,atheastudents,atheateachingaofaclassicalaIslamicabooks,a

andaclerics.Saleh25_{astatesathataschoolsameupakanajointainstitutea}

betweenathealodgeaandaboardingasystema(traditional)aandaisa equippeda witha aa formala educationa ina thea forma madrassas,a evenapublicaschoolsainavariousaformsaandalevelsaandaaavarietya of avocationalaaccordingatoatheaneedsaofatheaindividual.a

PesantrenaisaaatypicalaIndonesianaeducationalainstitutionsa thatasincea2002areceivedaspecialaattentionainatheaeyesaof athea worldamarkedabyaaabombablastainaKuta,aBaliawhichaisalikelya toa comea froma Islamica groupsa sucha asa la Qaeda’sa mosta

famous26_{buta thea nicknamea fora thea groupa ina Indonesiaa isa}

Jemaaha Islamiyah.a Of a thea incident,a Pohl27_{a illustratesa thata}

thea boardinga schoola isa aa meansa ora aa placea toa nurturea anda

25 _{bdura Rahmana Saleh,a Pendidikan Agama dan Keagamaana (Jakarta:a PTa} GemawinduaPanenaPerkasa,a2000).

26_{VediaRaHadiz,a“TowardsaaaSociologicalaUnderstandingaof aIslamicaRadicalisma} inaIndonesia,”aJournal of Contemporary Asiaa38,ano.a4a(2008),a638–47.

fosteraanaattitudeaof aradicalismaandaviolence.aInalineawithathea

abovea Pohl,Bruinessen28_{a alsoa describesa asa aa placea toa printa}

boardinga humansa whoa havea aa radicala nature.a Hea saida thata latelyapesantrenainaIndonesiaahasaaapooraimageainatheaeyesa of atheageneralapublic,asuchaasaboardingaschoolsainaIndiaaanda Pakistan.a urthermore,aheaexplainedamoreainathataboardinga schoolaisaoneaof atheapartiesawhoacontributeaandaplayaaaroleaina theaissueaof aradicalismaandaterrorism.aOpinionaof atheaabovea suggestsathataIslamaalsoacontributedainatermsaof apolitics,abuta politicala Islama ina questiona isa ina termsa of a radicals.a Radicala politicala Islama appearsa whena thea incidenta happeneda ata thea WorldaTradeaCenterainaNewaYorkainaSeptembera2001,asoathata thearadicalapoliticsainaIslamagetaspecialaattentionainatheaeyesa

of atheaworld.29

However,anotaallaschoolsahaveaaabadaimageaasadescribeda

bya manya figuresaasa above.a sa saida byMillie30_{thata pesantrena}

isa ana institutiona thata isa usefula toa honea anda developa skills.a Pesantrenaactuallyahasaaaroleaandacontributeasignificantlyatoa thea formationa of a thea nationa of a Indonesia.a pesantrena hada beena providinga tangiblea evidencea of a commitmenta toa thea nationaalthoughareciprocityainakindanotayetafullyagivenatoathea government.aPesantrenaunderatheaauspicesaofaNUa(Nahdlatula Ulama)ainaparticularahasaprovenaitsaroleainatheastruggleafora independencea througha physicala strugglesa anda anti-coloniala statementa asa envisageda ina resolutiona jihada issueda ina NUa congressa ina Surabaya,a 21a anda 22a Octobera 1945.a Pondoka Pesantrena hasa alsoa showna itsa rolea ina maintaininga politicala

28_{Martina vana Bruinessen,a “‘Traditionalist’a anda ‘Islamist’a pesantrensa ina} Indonesia,”adalamaThe Madrasa in ASIA , Transnational Linkages and Alleged or Real Political Activities,a2004.

29_{Hadiz,a “Towardsa aa Sociologicala Understandinga of a Islamica Radicalisma ina} Indonesia.”

30_{JulianaMillie,a“Non-SpecialistsainaThea‘Pesantren’:aTheaSocialaConstructionaof a} IslamicaKnowledge,”aRIMA: Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairsa42,ano.a1a(2008):a

stabilityathrougharecognitionaandaacceptanceaof aPancasilaaasa theasoleaprincipleainatheaorganizationaasarepresented.

Pesantrena ana Islamica institutiona whicha mengajarakana ona religiousa anda religiousa sciences,a anda nota aa fewa whoa mengajarakana abouta thea sciencesa of a aa generala nature.a Buta mostly,a mengajarakana schoolsa anda providinga educationa ina theafieldaof areligion.aSMKaPlusaNurulaUlumaboardingarolea asaowneraof aaafoundationaheadedabyaaaKyai/Ustadzanameda KH.aHanief a bdulaRazaqaalongawithahisawives,anamedaMrs.a Hj.aLailiatula iniyah.aSMKaPesantrenaNurulaUlumaPlusaisaaa breathaof aspringaboardingamoreamodern.aBreathathataadorna modernasemiaboardingaisaintendedatoastrikeaaabalanceabetweena thea traditionala boardinga schoolsa witha moderna pesantren.a Soatheseaschoolsaareanotainafullatraditionalaandamodernaarea notaaintact.

NurulaUlumaboardingaestablishmentsapurposeainitiallya wasatoacreateaaawholeamanaofafaithaandapietyatoaGoda lmighty,a andahasaaagoodaattitudeaandamorals,amannersatoapeopleawhoa areaolderaandaknowatheaIslamicaShari’ah,abeneficialatoasocietya ora thea communitya submissivea toa becominga aa servanta ora aa publicaservantaasawellaasaaastewardaforatheacommunity,aableatoa standaalone,afreeaandasteadfastainatheaestablishment,aspreada oraenforceaIslamicareligionaandatheagloryaof atheaMuslimsaina theamiddleaof atheacommunityaandaloveaof ascienceainaorderatoa developatheapersonalityaof aIndonesia.

fromatheacultureawhichaisabecomingaaabasicaboardingaprimarya schoolsa toa introducea them.a Basea boardinga schoola thata hasa surroundedathisamakesatheaschoolahasaanaadditionalamissiona inaaavarietyaofasubjectsaandalearningatechniques.aInatheaschoola didanotalikeatheaotheraschoolsathataareanotabasedaschools.aPlusa SMKaNurulaUlumaaddakeagaamaanaappropriateaknowledgea anda learninga ina schools,a sucha asa knowledgea of a thea rabica language,a Historya of a Islamica Civilization,a esktrakurikulera likea booksa of a Islamica studiesa exceptiona yellowa booka thata wasa obtaineda bya thea studenta froma thea school.a Witha thea existenceaof asuchaschoolsainaadditionatoascoringaproficienta Muslima intellectualsa buta alsoa cana producea gooda Muslimsa witha understandinga andrulesa ina accordancea witha thea rulesa of aIslamicareligiousabehavioraandacanaresultainaMuslimsawhoa

haveaaastrongacommitmentatoareligion.31

Bruinessen32_{saya thata boardinga schoolsa area nota thea}

onlya institutionsa toa gaina knowledgea abouta thea religiona of a Islam,abutathereaareaalsoaothersasuchaasasurau,aschools,aanda mosques.aSoaitaisanowaSMKaPlusaNurulaUlumawithaschoolsa thataexistatodayaworkainasynergyatoastrengthenaandamaintaina theainstitutionainaorderatoaaccomplishatheamissionathatahasa aspireda toa thea functionsa of a pesantrena nota onlya generatea Muslimsa whoa doa nota havea intellectualitya high,a buta insteada thataMuslimsahaveaversatilityainatermsaof areligionaasawellaasa inatermsaof aintellectuality.aSoaalsoawithatheafunctionaof aSMKa PlusaNurulaUlumaitselfaembracedafromatheabeginningathata notaonlyaproducesaproficientaintellectualityaMuslimsawithouta religion,abutaonatheacontraryathataproducesaproficientaMuslima

31_{JacksonaElisabeth,a“EnrichedawithaKnowledge’:aModernisation,aIslamisationa} anda thea uturea of a Islamica Educationa ina Indonesia,”aRIMA: Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairsa42,ano.a1a(2008):a21–53.

32_{MartinavanaBruinessen,aPesantren and Kitab Kuning: “Maintance and Continuation}

of a Tradition of Religious Learning”, in: Wolfgang Marschall, Texts From The Islands. Oral and Written Traditions of Indonesia and The Malay World [Ethnologica Bernica,4]a(Berne:aUniversitya

intellectuala anda religious.a Becausea accordinga toTan,33a mosta

schoolsa ina Indonesiaa isa keena toa gaina knowledgea of a thea subjectsathataisareligiousaandageneralasubjects.

Plusa culturea ina vocationala schoolsa Nurula Uluma wasa originallya aa boardinga schoola culturea area ina traditional/ classic.a Ketradisionalana elementsa thata appeara ina traditionala pesantrenaisasynonymousawithaclassicabooksathataareausedaasa aasourceaforalearningaoneadalahauseayellowabooksaasaaatypicala depictiona Indonesiana pesantren.a Yellowa book,a isa aa booka ora booksa useda bya studentsa (thea nicknamea of a thea studentsa

whoaareastudyingainaboardingaschools)atoalearn.Bruinessen34

mentiona thea useaof a thea yellowa booka toa learna thea studentsa begana thea implementationa of a thea curriculuma schoolsa ina

1886.a Morea profounda Bruinessen35alsoa explaineda thata thea

yellowa booka isa aa collectiona of a classicala textsa froma variousa disciplinesainaIslamawrittenawithinatheaperiodaof acenturies.a urthermore,aheaexplainedathatatheayellowabookauntilanowa usedaasaaatraditionaofalearningaatatheaschoolawhoaisacallingafora aa traditionala transmission,a especiallyaina Javaa anda thea Malaya Peninsula.aWhileatheateachingamethodsausedaareaalsoateachinga methodsa area archaica anda classica likea sorogan,a wetonan,a andaabandongan.

Patterns of Interaction Among Students At SMK

3.

Plus Nurul Ulum

Socialainteractionaisasocialarelationsadynamicaregardinga thea relationshipa betweena individuals,a betweena groupsa of a

33 Charlenea H.Pa (Chalenea Hweea Phio)a Tan,a “Educativea traditiona anda Islamica

schoolsainaIndonesia,”aJournal of Arabic and Islamic Studiesa14a(2014):a47–62.

34 MartinavanaBruinessen,a“KitabaKuning:aBooksaina rabicaScriptaUsedainaThea

Pesantreanamilieu;aCommentsaonaaaNewaCollectionainaTheaKITLVaLibrary,”aIn: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkundea146,ano.a2/3a(1990):a226–69.

35 Bruinessen,a_{Pesantren and Kitab Kuning: “Maintance and Continuation of a Tradition}

people,aasawellaasaamongaindividualsawithahumanagroups.36

Sociala interactiona isa usefula toa examinea anda learna aa lota of a problemsainasociety.aSocialainteractionaisatheakeyatoaallasociala lifeabecauseawithoutasocialainteractionawouldanotabeaoutaof a theajoint.

Sociala interactiona isa establisheda ina thea bodya SMKa Plusa Nurula Ulum.a Interactiona isa donea betweena studentsa andastudents,ateachersaandastudentsaandateachersawithaothera teachers.a Interactiona isa donea bya studentsa anda studentsa of a SMKaPlusaNurulaUlumaagainstafellowastudentsaandatoathea teachersaasawellaasatheaowneraof atheafoundationsacanabeaquitea good.aEveryadayatheyamakeatheaprocessaof asocialainteractiona inaorderatoamaintainatheacommunicationatoatheaactivityainalinea withaexpectations.

Thea interactiona processa thata runsa ina vocationala Plusa Nurula Uluma isa nota bounda bya anything.a Theya area freea toa interacta witha anyonea whethera it’sa witha girlsa ora boysa evena thoughatheyaareainaaaboardingaschoolaenvironmentawithouta anyarestraint.aButatheyastillapayaattentionatoatheanormsainaforcea andaframingaboardingaschools.aThisausuallyahappensaduringa especiallya ina boardinga schoolsa ata thea centera of a thea village,a studentsararelyawomenaandamenaareaallowedatoainteractaevena inaformalastudiesasuchaasaschoolaorareligiousastudies.aBecausea accordinga toa thea religiona of a Islama doesa nota allowa Kyaia betweenamenaandawomenagreetingabertinteraksi.aItaisabaseda onatheateachingsaofaIslamawhichadoesanotaallowaforaanyagroupa toainteractaif anotaaarelative.aSo,aMostaschoolsaarealocatedaina theainterioravillageawasaestablishedaasaaaformaof areactionatoa certainalifeapatternsathataareaconsideredavulnerable.aButathisa time,atheapresenceaof aschoolsalikeathataenvelopedaCMSaPlusa NurulaUlumathataisadifferentafromatheaothersaisaoneapartaof aaa

36 _{Gillin Gillin, Cultural Sociology, a Revision of an Introduction to Sociology}a (Newa

culturalatransformationathataisarunningainathealongaterm,abuta stillamaintainatheaethicsathatahaveabeenaattachedatoaitathataisa guidedatowardsareligion,abutaappliedatoatheapointaproper.

Ina theira dailya livesa ata school,a theya doa nota carea abouta thea historicala backgrounda attacheda toa anda carrieda bya theira respectiveafriends.a nyoneawhoawantsatoasayahelloaandawanta toa talk,a theya responda immediatelya withouta thinkinga longa ina advancea asa toa whethera theya shoulda menggubrisa ora nota foravariousareasons.aThisapatternaof ainteractionaasatheyadoa everya time,a whena theya meta eacha othera ata recessa ora beforea learningaabegins.

Interactionaisagoodaasawellatheyadoawhenabeingainaonea rooma schoola assembliesaconsultativeaorganizationsa sucha asa studentacouncil.aTogetheratheyainteractawithaotheramembersa of a thea organizationa toa exchangea opinions.a Therea wasa noa oneawhoawasaexiledaasanotainvitedatoaspeak,abyareasonaof ahisa opinionsalateraisanotausefulaandadoesanotacorrespondatoathea subject.aThisaisainaaccordanceawithatheawordaof atheaPropheta Muhammadabahwasannyaanotajustifiedaifathereaareamoreathana twoapeopleaamongaaacollectionaof ahumanabeings,athenatheya speakainaaawhisperawithoutainvitingaothersatoaspeak,abecausea actsalikeathisawillaonlyahurtatheafeelingsaofapeopleawhoaareanota invitedatoaspeak.

Interactionapatternsashownabyatheastudentsaandastudentsa of aSMKaNurulaUlumaorphanageaJemberaPlusacanabeasaidaasa oneamanifestationaofafraternalarelationsawhichatheyaintertwinea asaaaresultaof atheaattitudeaof atoleranceaamongapeers.aSoathata thea patterna of a interactiona thata existsa eithera bya theira rarelya touchedabyavirusesasuchaasatheacentralaconflictarifeainaothera schoolsathataareainaJember.

Figure 1. Interaction of students when having group discussion

Figure 2. The harmony between teachers and students

0

Tolerance Attitudes on Student Religious

4.

IdeologyAt SMK Plus Nurul Ulum

nifferencesa ina religiousa sectsa anda tribesa ina thea midsta of a thea sociala lifea of a studentsa anda studentsa of a SMKa Plusa NurulaUlumamakeatheiraheartsawantatoamaintainatheaintegritya togetherabecauseaof atheadiversity.aTheyarealizeathatatheyalivea inaaaschoolawhichaconsistsadifferentapersons.aTogethernessaisa somethingathatamostaguardedabyathem,abecauseatheyadoanota wantaaasplitainatheamiddle.aByalookingaatatheaexistingasituation,a students’amindsopenatoacreateamutualarespectaeachaotheraanda acceptaeachaotheraforatheavariousadifferencesawithoutapickinga andasorting.

Thea concepta of a theira attitudea ina acceptinga thea contradictionsathatatheyapourainatolerance.aWhichatolerancea canabeasaidaasaaagestureareflectingatheachangeainatheaindividuala whicha allowa theira willingnessa toa accepta thingsa thata area

contradictorya of a himself.37_{a Ina linea witha thisReese}38_argueda

thata tolerancea isa ana attitudea thata depicta thea harmoniousa relationshipa thata occursa ina aa communitya whicha involvesa aa seriesa of a diversea communitya members.a Thisa meansa thata tolerancea isa ana importanta elementa thata musta bea builta fora tolerancea isa necessarya fora thea bodya of a aa heterogeneousa

societyaespeciallyatoapeopleawhoaarealiberal.39

ddinga aa senseaof a tolerance,a accordinga toa dvanceda Learnersa nictionarya of a Currenta English,a tolerancea tendsa Qualitya of a toleratinga opinions,a beliefs,a customs,a behaviorsa etc,a whicha meansa membiarkanma attitude,a recognizinga anda

37_{ThomasaCaWilson,a“TrendsainaToleranceaTowardaRightistaandaLeftistaGroups,a} 1976-1988:a Effecta of a ttitudea Changea anda Cohorta Succession,”aJournal of American Association for Public Opinion Researcha58,ano.a4a(1994),a539–56.

38_{Lauraa a Reese,a “Substantivea anda Procedurala Tolerance:a rea niversea} CommunitiesaReallyaMoreaTolerant?,”aJournal of Urban Affairs Reviewa51,ano.a6a(2014),a

781–818.

39_{RyanaMuldoon,a“TheaConditionaofaTolerance,”aJournal of Politics, Philosophy and}

respectingatheabeliefsaof aothersawithoutarequiringaapproval.40

Meanwhile,a accordinga toa thea Newa mericansa Webstera nictionaryadefinesatoleranceabyagivingafreeaexpressiona(let)a theaopinionsaof aothersaandaapplyapatienceawithaothers.

ccordingatoamaleaandafemaleastudentsaof aSMKaPlusa NurulaUlumatoleranceaisaveryaimportantatoabeabuiltainathea heartsa anda attitudes.a Thea reasona theya builda tolerancea isa toleranceaof aaalungeathatafeelsagreatlyaaffectasuppliesainathea jointsaof athealeadaamongstatheapeopleawhoahaveatheadiversitya andadifferenceabecauseatoleranceaisaaamediationathatacanabea usedatoasettleaaaproblem.aInaaccordanceawithatheaopinionaof a

Kinloch41_{whoa saya thata tolerancea isa thea waya toa resolvea thea}

conflicta ina thea sociala interactiona betweena severala warringa partiesa withouta sacrificinga anya of a thea parties.a Ina linea witha

theaaboveaopinion,a atkhuri42_{saidathataaacultureaof atolerancea}

amongaallamenaisaurgentaandaaadreamaforaeveryahumanacirclea foratheacreationaof aaaharmoniousalifeaamongathem.

Sometimesa tolerancea arisesa unconsciouslya anda unplanned,awhichadueatoatheanatureaof aindividualaoragroupsa of apeopleawhereverapossibleatoaavoidaaadispute.aButaunlikea theamaleaandafemaleastudentsainavocationalaPlusaNurulaUluma Jember.a ramingatoleranceatheyawereabornanotabecauseathea actionaisaunconsciousaoraunplanned,abutatheyaactuallyaplanneda theabirthaandatheapresenceaof atoleranceainatheamidstaof atheira daysa ata schoola toa deliberatelya avoida thea birtha of a aa disputea amongafriendsaof adifferentareligions.

Toleranceatoatheaideologyaof areligionaisafundamentalatoa actaearlyaandamaleaandafemaleastudentsaof aSMKaPlusaNurula

40 _{.SaHornby,aOxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current Englisha(London:a} OxfordaUniversityaPress,a1986).

41_{GrahamaCaKinloch,aSociological Theory: Development and Major Padigma(Bandung:a} PustakaaSetia,a2005).

Ulumaasaearlyalearningamaterialaforatheirafurtheradevelopathea attitudea of a tolerancea towardsa theira fellowa humana beings.a Religiousatoleranceathatahasameaningaandagracefullyaacceptinga attitudeatowardsaeverythingathataisadoneabyaanotherareligiona withoutahavingatoaforceamyselfatoaobstructaanaattitudeathata theyawokeaupatoday.aTheareasonatheaconstructionaofatolerancea bya malea anda femalea studentsa of a SMKa Plusa Nurula Uluma againstareligiousasectsaisathatatheyaassumeathatatheaideologya of atheareligionatheyaholdatodayaisanotanecessarilyatrue.aManya otherareligiousasectsathatamoreatrueathanareligiousasectsatheya believedainaevenathoughatheyaareabothaderivedafromaIslam.

Conceptsa sucha asa thesea theya builta witha attentiona toa manyaof atheaprinciplesacontainedainatheareligionaandaculturea ofaindigenousaancestorsa(thealocalacultureaJember)atheaculturea Pendhalungana Jembera toa adopta culturala valuesa aahelda asa ana umbrellaa ina creatinga ana attitudea of a religiousa tolerancea fora maleaandafemaleastudentsaof aSMKaPlusaNurulaUlumaJember.a Herea willa bea describeda thea umbrellaa of a religiousa tolerancea attitudeatheyausedatoabeatolerantabasedaonatheateachingsaof a theaIslamicareligionaandalocalacultureathataeventuallyabecamea aahoodaforastudentsaandastudentsaof aSMKaPlusaNurulaUluma inacreatingatoleranceatowardsareligiousastreamaschool.

Teachings of Islam a.

Religiona isa aa guidancea ora instructionsa fora livinga ina theatruthaaccordingatoaGod’sadetermination.aInatheaIslamica tradition,aaddinaorareligionaisadefinedaasaanaindicationaofaGoda thataencouragesaheartareasonableapersonatoafollowawithaitsa ownaikhtiarnyaaforatheirawelfareaandahappinessainatheanexta

world.Ortner43describesapegertianareligionathatareligionaisaaa

systemaof aexplanationawithacognitiveaanthropologyaandaasaaa

43 SaOrtner,a“Theoryaina nthropologyaSinceaTheaSixties.,”a_{Comparative Studies in}

theorya of a practice.a Whilenurkheim44explaina abouta religiona

thata religiona isa aa symbolica systema thata pointeda toa sociala organizations.aReligionahasatremendousastrengthainabringinga togetherapeopleafromavariousabackgroundsafoam,aethnicity,a tribe,areligionaandaotherasendii,abutatheaotherareligionacanaalsoa beaaacauseaof aconflictawhichainaturnawillaundermineasociala harmony.

Religiona Islama isa aa religiona thata rahmatana lil’alamin,a referringatoatheaIslamicareligionathatawasabornainathisaworlda bringagraceaandaaagreatagiftatoamankindasoathatafromatherea toabringapeaceaandaprosperityatoatheapeopleaandapeopleacana avoidaconflictsabothaverticallyaandahorizontally.aInalineawitha

it,Karim45aargueathataIslamaisaaadivineareligionarevealedabyaGoda

thataallatheateachingsacontainedainatheaQur’anaandaSunnahaina theaformaof acommands,aprohibitions,aanda instructionsafora theagoodaof ahumanakindainatheaworldaandatheahereafter.a

InaIslam,atheaconceptaof atoleranceahasabeenadescribeda bya thea worda of a llaha ina thea Qur’ana thata QS.a la Kafiruna thatahaveaaameaningathataeveryoneahasathearightatoaworshipa theira Goda ina accordancea witha thea beliefsa of a theira religiona respectively,a becausea everya religiona hasa aa Goda worthya of a theiratrustaandacherished,aandanotaallowedaforaanyareligionatoa forceapeopleaof adifferentareligionsatoaintoareligion.aThus,aina Islamaof atoleranceacanaeasilyasupportatheaethicaladifference.a Inalineawithatheaexplanation,ainatheaQuranasuraha laBaqoroha paragrapha 256a explainsa thata isa nota alloweda fora anyonea mankindatoaforceaanotherahumanabeingatoaenteraintoaaaworlda religiona becausea ita isa alreadya apparenta difference-perbdaana thatawasadeliberatelyacreatedabyaGod.

Islamahasabeenarecognizedaasaaareligionathataisafightinga forajustice,afraternity,aandaequalityaamongapeoples.aThisaisaina

accordanceawithatheawordaof a llahainaSurah.a n-Najma39a whoameanatheabalanceabetweenatheaindividualaandasociety.a Theapointaisathatatheareligionaof aIslamacallsauponamankinda thatainalifeaweaaashouldarecognizeatheaexistenceaof amanaasaana individualaandaassumeaeveryoneahasaaapersonalaresponsibilitya toaGod,aevenainatheareligionaof aIslamaguaranteeahumanarightsa ofaindividualsaandadoanotaallowaanyainterferenceafromaanyonea elseainait.aHowever,awhyathisaworldaisastillaraisedamanyaconflictsa causeda bya religiousa conflict?a Yeta ita isa cleara thata religiona teachesa usa toa bea gooda bya thea basica virtuesa of a behaving.a Thearightaansweratoathisaquestionaisatheaexistenceaof aaafalsea understandinga of a thea existinga denominations.a a religiousa missionatoabringamercyatoaallatheaworldsareducedabyaaanarrowa understanding. nyareligiousastreamsaareadifficultatoadialoguea andaco-existawithasocialaandaculturaladevelopmentsasoathata anyaexistingareligiousasectsabecomeaclumsyaandastiff adealinga withapluralismaandamulticulturalism,awhileamulticulturalisma andapluralismaisapartaof areligiousateachings.

Thea phenomenona of a inter-religiousa conflicta isa thea brainchildaof aanaexclusiveareligiousaparadigm,asuperioraanda considersareligionaPaingaright.aThisaattitudeaisaclearlyafueleda thea prolongeda religiousa conflictsa area nota onlya tarnishinga agama streama toa another,a buta alsoa tarnisha thea ideologya of a theiraownaareligion.

taughtabyaeveryareligionacananotastandaaloneabutaisainfluenceda byaotherafactorsasuchaasapolitical,asocial,aandaeconomic.

Indonesiaaisaaanationainhabitedabyapeopleawithadifferenta religiousabackgrounds,aethnic,aandasocialagroupsaareadiverse.a Pluralismaisaanaincontrovertiblearealityaof athisaarchipelagoaona earth.aOneahand,athisapluralityaof asocialacapitaladevelopmenta of atheanationaandaonatheaotherahandabeaaalatentapotentialafora socialaconflict.

Conceptionaandainter-religiousaharmonyaareatwoaformsa inseparableafromaeachaother.aThere,athereaisaaacausalityathata surroundsathem.aConcordahaveaanaimpactaonatoleranceaanda vicea versaa tolerancea havea aa hugea impacta fora thea creationa of a harmony.a Soa botha concerninga thea relationshipa amonga humans.a Therea area threea basica relationshipsa thata createa harmonyabetweenaeveryahumanabeingadifferentaonaeachasidea of a thea internala racea ina religiona anda religiousa communitiesa withatheagovernmentawokeaupaandahidupdanaapplicationsaona everydayalife,athenathereawillabeatoleranceaamongahumans.

Tolerancea towardsa religiousa streama thata hasa beena applieda bya thea studentsa anda studentsa of a SMKa Plusa Nurula Ulum,a reflecta ona somea of a thea conceptsa containeda ina thea religiona of a Islama asa describeda above.a Because,a accordinga toa thema ina accordancea witha thea teachingsa of a thea Islamica religionathatadoesanotajustifyacoercionainamattersaof areligion,a soathatareligionashouldanotabeaforcedauponaanyone.aPeoplea areaentitledatoapickaandachooseatheareligionatheyabelieveain.a

sa thea opinionsa expresseda byCassanova46a whoa saida thata

freedoma of a religiona isa aa thinga toa reconsiderationa bya everya humanarightsathataexistainathisaworld.anitersebutaopinionawasa

46 SeeaJoseaCassanova,a“PrivateaandaPublicaReligion,”a_{Journal of Sosial Search}a59,a

reinforced byMaula47awhoasaidathataoneaof atheahumanarightsa

isa toa determinea anda choosea thea religiona theya deema mosta correctabecauseaitaisaaaformaof amanifestationaof asomeoneaina upholdingahumanarights.

Similarly,a thea malea anda femalea studentsa ina vocationala school,atheyadidanotaforceaheratoagetaintoatheaideologyaof a theareligionawhichaisaownedabyaeachaindividual,abecauseaasa mentionedaearlierareligiousasectsabelievedabyaeachaindividualaisa notanecessarilyatrueaandagood,abecauseathereaareamanyaoutsidea thereaof areligiousasectsawhichaareamuchabetterathanatheyatrusta religiousasectsatoday.aSoaitacanabeasaidatoabeatabooawhenatheya proudlya extollinga religiousa streama anda aska schoolmatesa toa signaandamembenarakanateachingsaof areligiousasectsaowneda byaeachastudent.

Cultural Values Pendhalungan

b.

Toleranceabuiltabyastudentsaandastudentsaof aSMKaPlusa NurulaUlumahasaaaveryastrongarunway.aInaadditionatheyapaya attentionatoatheavariousaconceptsaof atheaIslamicareligionaina buildinga ana attitudea of a tolerance,a theya alsoa paya attentiona toa thea culturea arounda whicha alsoa helpeda contributea toa thea diversityathatacharacterizesaSMKaPlusaNurulaUlum.

Pendhalungana culturala valuea isa thea nexta cornerstonea thatatheyauseatoacreateatheaattitudeaof areligiousatoleranceaina

schools.Hindaryatiningsih48_{aexplainsathataeveryacultureahasaitsa}

ownaculturalavaluesaaaasaaabasicavirtue.aInalineawithatheaabovea

opinion.Musaddad49_{a alsoa revealeda thata thea integrationa of a}

47_{Bania Syarif a Maula,a “Religiousa reedoma ina Indonesia:a Betweena Upholdinga} Constitutionala Provisionsa anda Complyinga Witha Sociala Consideration,”aJournal of Indonesian Islama7,ano.a2a(2013),a383–403.

48_{NanikaHindaryatiningsih,a“ProcessaModelaInheritanceaValue-valueaof aLocala} CultureainaSocietyaTraditionaButon,”aJournal of Social Sciences and Humanitiesa18,ano.a2a

(2016),a108–15.

valuesaaasuchaasaculturalavaluesaaaitacanadigatoleranceastudents.a Reflectingaonait,aPendhalunganacultureahasavirtuesathatacoulda serveaasatheabasisaandaprovisionalandasaralifeabyapupilsaanda studentsa of a SMKa Plusa Nurula Ulum.a Valuesa aathata area borna froma aa culturea Pendhalungana sucha asa solidarity,a tolerance,a mutualaaid,asocialacare,aandasoaforthaisasomethingathataisaverya importantaforastudentsaandaseniorahighaschoolastudentsaNuluma doingathingsasuchaasaacting,atakingaactionsaandadecisions,aasa wellaasaaddressingaaaproblemathatawillahaveaimplicationsafora theacreationaof aaaharmoniousalifeaawayafromaaconflicts.

Thearealavalueaisasomethingaabstractabutacanabeauseda asaguidelinesainabehaving.aHumansawithoutavalueawillanotabea ableatoaliveaaarealalife,abecausearealahumansahaveaveryaclosea tiesawithatheavalueathatahumansacanaachieveatheagoalaof ahisa life.aValueaisaalsoaanaurgentamatteraforahumansaasaserveaasaaa setaof abeliefsathatainfluenceahumanaattitudesaandabehavior.a Maleaandafemaleastudentsaof aSMKaPlusaNurulaUlumauseaasaaa filteravalueainatheaact.aWhileathereaareaof amostastudentsahavea eliminatedatheanobleavaluesaaarootedabothainaculture.aHowever,a oneaif atheyaeliminateatheanobleavaluesaaaof aaacultureathatahasaaa moralamessageathataisaveryagoodaforatheirafuture.

Suparlan50_{aexplainathataculturalavaluesaaaareaguidelinesafora}

peopleainaaacivilized,aasacanaknowathatatruthaisatheaoppositeaof a wrong,aopponentsaof adirtyaclean,abeautifulaopposedatoabad,a

andasoaon.aInalineawithathis,aSartini51_{asaidathatatheavalueaofathea}

localacultureaactuallyacontainsaaawidearangeaof aphilosophy,a philosophyaof alifeaandaethicsathatacanaserveaasaguidelinesafora balancingatheajourneyaof alifeainathisaheterogeneousacountry.a Inaaccordanceawithatheastatementadescribedaaboveameansathata

50_{ParsudiaSuparlan,a“BhinekaaTunggalaIka:aKeanekaragamanaSukuaBangsaaataua} Kebudayaan,”aJurnal Antropologi Indonesiaa72,ano.a1a(2003),a29–37.

51_{Nia Wayana Sartini,a “Mengalia Nilaia Kearifana Lokala Budayaa Jawaa Lewata} Ungkapana(Bebasan,SalokaadanaParibasa),”aJurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastrav,ano.a1a(2009),a

theavalueacontainedainatheacultureacanadeliveraPendhalungana especiallya humansa ina lifea toa reacha thea goala of a hisa life.a Noa wondera studentsa anda studentsa of a SMKa Plusa Nurula Uluma choosea Pendhalungana culturala valuesa aaasa ana umbrellaa toa twoaforatheirauseaasapajamasatoatolerateareligiousastreamaina theaaschool.

Onea Pendhalungana culturala valuesa aathata servea asa thea hoodainabeingatolerantaisatheavalueaof atolerance.a saexplaineda previouslyaassociatedawithatolerance,abahwasannyaatolerancea isa reallya necessarya eraa of a maturea nowadays,a especiallya fora studentsaandastudentsaofaSMKaPlusaNurulaUlumanotabenenyaa isaaastudentawhoahasaaahistoricalabackgroundaandaideologyaof a differentareligionsasoathatatheyacanaliveaharmonyaandapeacea togetherawithahisafriendsawhoaareawithinatheascopeaof athea sameaschool.

Thea reasona fora choosinga Pendhalungana especiallya itsa culturalavaluesaaaonatheavaluesaaaof atoleranceabyamaleaandafemalea studentsaof aSMKaPlusaNurulaUlumaorphanageaisatheyawanta toadoanotaforgetathearootsaof atheaoriginaitself.aInaaddition,a theyaalsoafoundahisagrandmother’saabilityatoaliveainaharmonya andapeaceainaJemberaalsoaarmedawithatheatoleranceavaluesaaathata existainathisaPendhalunganaculture.aSoatheyadecidedatoaadopta aatoleranceavaluesaaaof aculturalaheritageaPendhalunganaJembera toaserveaasacoveringatheiraheartsaareatolerantaofareligiousasectsa thataexist.

withafreneticawithoutaconsideringaothersathataexistaarounda,a Soathatastudentsatheiraageararelyaignoreasocialaattitudesathata haveaanaimpactainalife.

Conclusion

C.

PlusaSMKaNurulaUlumaisabasedaboardingaschoolalocateda inatheavillageaof aPantiasubdistrictaKemuningsariaJemberaLor.a VocationalaschoolsathatadecorateatheabaseaPlusaNurulaUluma saidaboardingaschoolsaareasemi-modern.

PlusaSMKaNurulaUlumaisaaaschoolathatahadastudentsathea historicalabackgroundaandatheadifferentastreamsaof areligion.a Theaschoolaisadecoratedabyatheadiversityaof atheastudentsawerea ableatoacreateaaaveryagoodaattitudeaandacommendableathata theaattitudeaof atolerance.aToleranceawhichacreatedanotaonathea initiativeabyatheateacheraoratheaschoolaauthorityastakeholders,a butatoleranceaisabuiltainatheabodyaSMKaPlusaNurulaUlumawasa bornaonatheainitiativeaof atheastudentsaandaitsastudents.aThea birtha of a thisa toleranta attitudea backgrounda bya thea diversitya amonga studentsa asa thea historicala backgrounda anda religiousa sectsawhichaareainaonearoomathataisaSMKaPlusaNurulaUlum.a Of adiversityathatatheyawishedaforatheaconflictsacreatedaasaisa nowaoftenatheacase.

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