TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES BETWEEN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH NOVEL COCO SIMON’S CUPCAKE DIARIES 2: MIA IN THE
MIX INTO BAHASA INDONESIA AND THE TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN NOVEL ANDREA HIRATA’S LASKAR PELANGI INTO
ENGLISH
A THESIS
BY
FATIMAH RIZKI REG. NO. 100705035
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES BETWEEN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH NOVEL COCO SIMON’S CUPCAKE DIARIES 2: MIA IN THE
MIX INTO BAHASA INDONESIA AND THE TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN NOVEL ANDREA HIRATA’S LASKAR PELANGI INTO
ENGLISH
A THESIS BY
FATIMAH RIZKI REG. NO.100705035
SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Roswita Silalahi, Dip. TESOL M. Hum Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis, MA NIP. 19540528 198303 2 001 NIP. 19680122 199803 2 001
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Thursday, 17th July 2014
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A. NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhijar Muchtar, M.S ……….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D ……….
Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, SH. MA ……….
Dr. Roswita Silalahi, Dip. TESOL M. Hum ……….
Dr. Eddy Setia, M. Ed. TESP ……….
i AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, FATIMAH RIZKI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNEWLEDGEMENT IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed:
Date : July 21st, 2014
ii COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : FATIMAH RIZKI
TITLE OF THESIS : TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES BETWEEN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH NOVEL COCO SIMON’S CUPCAKE DIARIES 2: MIA IN THE MIX INTO BAHASA INDONESIA AND THE TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN NOVEL ANDREA HIRATA’S LASKAR PELANGI INTO ENGLISH
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCREATION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed:
Date : July 21st, 2014
iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrohmanirrohim,
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, I would like to thank and praise Allah SWT for giving me everything I need especially to finish this thesis in order to get the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara.
I would like to thank the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., the Head of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS., and the secretary of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. I also would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Roswita Silalahi, Dip. TESOL M. Hum and my co-supervisor Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis, M.A., my examiners Dr. Eddy Setia, M. Ed. TESP and Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, SH. MA and also for all my lecturers.
Special thanks to my family, espescially for my mother, my uncles and my aunts, for every support for me so I can finish my study in the university. Thanks to all my friends, espescially Mitha, Sonya, Fani and Ayu and my teachers of life, Kak Linda, Kak Emma, Kak Putri and Kak Dian for every help and advice for me.
I have written this thesis with all my limitation of knowledge, time and references but I do hope this thesis will be useful for anyone who read it.
Medan, 21st July 2014
Fatimah Rizki
iv ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini menganalisis teknik penerjemahan diantara terjemahan novel
Cupcake Diaries 2: Mia in the Mix oleh Coco Simon ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan
novel Laskar Pelangi oleh Andrea Hirata ke dalam bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang analisisnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan strategi deskriptif kualitatif. Data untuk analisis ini adalah: pertama, semua kata dan kalimat dalam bab pertama dan kedua dari novel Cupcake Diaries 2:
Mia in the Mix, kedua, semua kata dan kalimat dalam bab pertama dan kedua
terjemahan novel tersebut dalam bahasa Indonesia, Cupcake Diaries 2: Mia dan
Cupcake Galau, ketiga, semua kata dan kalimat dalam bab pertama dan kedua novel
Laskar Pelangi, dan keempat, semua kata dan kalimat dalam bab pertama dan kedua
terjemahan novel tersebut dalam bahasa Inggris, The Rainbow Troops. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa pada terjemahan novel bahasa Inggris Cupcake Diaries
2: Mia in the Mix oleh Coco Simon ke dalam bahasa Indonesia, teknik penerjemahan
yang paling dominan adalah kesepadanan lazim (28.51%) dan diikuti kompresi linguistik (21.93%), penerjemahan harfiah (21.05%), peminjaman (11.18%), modulasi (5.04%), amplifikasi linguistik (4.17%) transposisi (3.73%), kompensasi (3.07%), generalisasi dan reduksi (0.44%) dan amplifikasi dan deskripsi (0.22%). Adaptasi, calque, kreasi diskursif, partikularisasi, substitusi dan variasi tidak diaplikasikan ke dalam terjemahan ini. Pada terjemahan novel Indonesia Laskar
Pelangi ke dalam bahasa Inggris, teknik pernerjemahan yang paling dominan adalah
kesepadanan lazim dan amplifikasi linguistik (20.23%) dan diikuti dengan amplifikasi (12.60%), kompresi linguistik (10.69%), peminjaman (9.92%), penerjemahan harfiah dan modulasi (5.73%), kompensasi (4.96%), reduksi (3.44%), transposisi (3.05%), kreasi diskursif (1.15%), deskripsi dan generalisasi (0.76%) dan
calque dan partikularisasi (0.38%). Adaptasi, substitusi dan variasi tidak
diaplikasikan ke dalam terjemahan ini. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa dalam terjemahan novel Cupcake Diaries 2: Mia in the Mix ke dalam bahasa Indonesia, penerjemah cenderung menerjemahkan novel tersebut secara harfiah. Persentase penerjemahan harfiah adalah 21.05% dan angka tersebut jauh lebih tinggi dari persentase penerjemahan harfiah dalam terjemahan Laskar Pelangi ke dalam bahasa Inggris. Dalam terjemahan Laskar Pelangi ke dalam bahasa Inggris, penerjemah cenderung lebih kreatif. Penerjemah mengaplikasikan teknik-teknik penerjemahan yang lebih bervariasi daripada penerjemah novel Cupcake Diaries 2: Mia in the Mix
dan mengaplikasikan teknik kreasi diskursif juga menambah beberapa kalimat ke dalam terjemahannya.
v ABSTRACT
This thesis analyzes the translation techniques between the translation of English novel Coco Simon’s Cupcake Diaries 2: Mia in the Mix into bahasa Indonesia and Indonesian novel Andea Hirata’s Laskar Pelangi into English. This research is descriptive qualitative research so the analysis is done with qualitative descriptive strategy. The data for this analysis are first, every word and sentence in chapter 1 and chapter 2 of novel Cupcake Diaries 2: Mia in the Mix, second, every word and sentence in chapter 1 and chapter 2 of the Indonesian translation of the novel,
Cupcake Diaries 2: Mia dan Cupcake Galau, third, word and sentence in chapter 1
and chapter 2 of novel Laskar Pelangi and fourth, every word and sentence in chapter 1 and chapter 2 of the English translation of the novel, The Rainbow Troops. From the analysis, it is found that in the translation of English novel Coco Simon’s
Cupcake Diaries 2: Mia in the Mix into bahasa Indonesia, the most dominant
technique applied is established equivalent (28.51%) and followed by linguistic compression (21.93%), literal translation (21.05%), borrowing (11.18%), modulation (5.04%), linguistic amplification (4.17%) transposition (3.73%), compensation (3.07%), generalization and reduction (0.44%) and amplification and description (0.22%). Adaptation, calque, discursive creation, particularization, substitution and variation aren’t applied. In the translation of Indonesian novel Andea Hirata’s Laskar Pelangi into English, the most dominant translation technique applied is established equivalent and linguistic amplification (20.23%) and followed by amplification (12.60%), linguistic compression (10.69%), borrowing (9.92%), literal translation and modulation (5.73%), compensation (4.96%), reduction (3.44%), transposition (3.05%), discursive creation (1.15%), description and generalization (0.76%) and calque and particularization (0.38%). Adaptation, substitution and variation aren’t applied. The writer concludes that in the translation of Cupcake Diaries 2: Mia in the Mix into bahasa Indonesia, the translator tends to translate the novel literally. The percentage of literal translation is 20.05% and it is so much higher than the percentage of literal translation in the translation of Laskar Pelangi into English. In the translation of Laskar Pelangi into English, the translator tends to be creative. She applies more various translation techniques than the translator of Cupcake Diaries 2: Mia in the Mix into bahasa Indonesia and applied discursive creation and also adds some sentences to the translation.
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... iii
2.3 Translation Techniques ... 9
2.4 Couplets ... 12
2.5 Translation Techniques As Tool For Analysis... 12
2.6 Related Studies ... 13
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH ... 14
3.1 Research Design ... 14
3.2 Data and Sources of Data ... 14
3.3 Data Collection Procedures ... 15
vii
3.4 Steps of the research ... 16
3.5 Data Analysis ... 17
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING ... 18
4.1 Analysis ... 18
4.1.1 The Translation Techniques in the Translation of English Novel into Bahasa Indonesia (MTM – MCG) ... 18
4.1.1.1 Amplification ... 18
4.1.1.2 Borrowing ... 18
4.1.1.3 Compensation ... 19
4.1.1.4 Description ... 20
4.1.1.5 Established Equivalent ... 20
4.1.1.6 Generalization ... 21
4.1.1.7 Linguistic Amplification ... 22
4.1.1.8 Linguistic Compression ... 23
4.1.1.9 Literal Translation ... 24
4.1.1.10Modulation ... 24
4.1.1.11Reduction ... 25
4.1.1.12Transposition ... 26
viii
4.1.2.5 Description ... 31
4.1.2.6 Discursive Creation ... 32
4.1.2.7 Established Equivalent ... 33
4.1.2.8 Generalization ... 34
4.1.2.9 Linguistic Amplification ... 35
4.1.2.10Linguistic Compression ... 36
4.1.2.11Literal Translation ... 37
4.1.2.12Modulation ... 37
4.1.2.13Particularization ... 38
4.1.2.14Reduction ... 38
4.1.2.15Transposition ... 89
4.2 Findings ... 40
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 47
5.1 Conclusions ... 47
5.2 Suggestions ... 50
REFERENCES ... 51 APPENDIX 1: ENGLISH – BAHASA INDONESIA (MTM – MCG)
APPENDIX 2: BAHASA INDONESIA – ENGLISH (LP – TRT)
