TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES IN ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN NOVEL “THE HUNGER GAMES” BY SUZZANE COLLINS
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By :
DARA YULLYANTI
REG NUMBER : 2123220008
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
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ABSTRACT
Yullyanti, Dara. 2123220008. Translation Techniques in English into Indonesian Novel “The Hunger Games” by Suzzane Collins. A Thesis. English and Literature Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016
This study aims to find out the translation techniques and the dominant one used by the translator in translating the novel. It used the theory of Vinay and Darbelnet, which are borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modultion, equivalence and adaptation. In analyzing the data, the research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from English novel entitled “The Hunger Games” by Suzzane Collins and its translation in Indonesian version translated by Hetih Rusli. The result of modulation with frequency 128 items (43.84%) belongs to the dominant technique that applied in the novel, followed by transposition with frequency 89 items (30.48%), literal translation with frequency 40 items (13.70%), equivalence with frequency 18 items (6.16%), borrowing with frequency 10 items (3.42%) and adaptation with frequency 7 items (2.40%)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to thanks to Allah SWT and the Prophet Muhammad SAW for the blessings during her academic year at English and Literature Department Faculty of Languages and Arts (FBS) State University of Medan in completing the thesis. The writer is also very grateful to the following people:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, the Rector of State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts (FBS) State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, the Head of English and Literature Department as well as Dra. Meisuri, M.A, the Secretary of English and Literature Department for their encouragement and motivation during the writing of the thesis. Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum, the Head of English Literature Study Program and Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum, the Head of English Education Program for their encouragement to complete the thesis.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd, the Administration Staff of English Department, who much helped her to fulfill this thesis.
Drs. Lidiman Sahat M. Sinaga, M.Hum, her Consultant, who had already motivated her to finish the thesis by giving advices, supervising, giving comments and corrections during completing this thesis and also for Isli Iriani Indah Pane, S.Pd., M.Hum, as her Consultant and Academic Advisor for giving advices and supervising during her academic years.
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Her beloved parents, Ngumput and Ningsih, who have patiently given her encouragement, financial support, their endless love and their prayers, as well as her beloved sister and brothers, Dinda and Danu,who have been good siblings all the time.
Her beloved bestfriends since senior high school, Intan, Fahmi and Iqbal, who have given support and spirit since the first time they met and build a friendship.
Her beloved friends Rika, Naya, Geby, Andika, and Irma, who have given extraordinary spirit and consolation for her whether in a good or bad time.
Her beloved sisters Sri Lestari, Swidanti and Isma, who have given so many advices and motivations in finishing this thesis.
Her sisters and brothers in HMJ BSI UNIMED and Floating Library, who have given support and spirit.
Her One Step Closer mate, Anggi, Nurul, Tere, Yeslika, Sisil, Fariza and Zhana for sharing happines and togethernes.
Her all beloved friends and classmates in English Literature 2012, especially for Farida, Ana, Nina, Nuzulianda and Anjas for the support and time in motivating and accompanying her during the academic years.
Medan, August 2016 The writer
Dara Yullyanti
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CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. The Problems of the Study ... 5
C. The Objectives of the Study ... 6
D. The Scope of the Study ... 6
E. The Significance of the Study ... 6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 8
A. Theoretical Framework ... 8
1. Translation ... 8
2. Process of Translation ... 10
3. Translation Techniques ... 12
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ... 28
A. Research Design ... 28
B. The Source of the Data ... 28
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D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ... 29
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS ... 31
A. The Data... 31
B. Data Analysis ... 31
C. Research Findings... 38
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 39
A. Conclusions ... 39
B. Suggestions ... 39
REFERENCES ... 41
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
In this world, there are so many languages that are used by people to communicate with others. Language is the system of words or signs that people use to express thoughts and feelings to each other. Every ethnic group has their own language. And every language has their own uniqueness whether it is from its sounds, words and the sentences. And from that, it can be concluded that every language is different. Today is an era where communication and information move so fast. People can easily communicate with another people in different country by using the internet. But, it is often found that there are so many miscommunications happen because of the language differences used among the speakers. In order to fix the miscommunications, “translation” plays the important role here.
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papers, articles, correspondence, textbooks to convey information, advice and recommendations for every branch of knowledge. So, it can not be denied that translation plays an important role in communication.
In addition, Hatim and Munday (2004: 6) define translation as “the
process of transferring a written text from source language (SL) to target language
(TL)”. In this definition, they do not explicitly express that the object being
transferred is meaning or message. Otherwise, Hatim and Munda more emphasize to the exact form of both of languages which are going to be translated.
Beside playing an important role in communictation, translation is also needed in literary work such as drama, poetry and prose. For example, there are so many translated novels that usually can be found in every bookstores.
This thesis analyzed the translation techniques between the translation of English novel into bahasa Indonesia. Related to the issue of translation techniques, Molina and Albir (2002:509) in their article in Meta Translators’
Journal, vol. 47 entitled “Translation Techniques Revisited: A Dynamic and
Functionalist Approach” define translation techniques as procedures to analyze
and classify how translation equivalence works. They have five basic characteristics:
1. They affect the result of the translation
2. They are classified by comparison with the original 3. They affect micro-units of text
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5. They are functional
Obviously, translation techniques are not the only categories available to analyze a translated text. Coherence, cohesion, thematic progression and contextual dimensions also intervene in the analysis.
Fadaee (2011) in his article in Journal English and Literature vol. 2(8)
entitled “Translation techniques of figures of speech: A case study of George
Orwell’s 1984 and Animal Farm” stated that translating figures of speech deals
with finding secondary meaning in the source language (SL), and finding cultural meaning and appropriate equivalence in the target language (TL). Figures of speech and multi-word expressions are some of the most challenging translation difficulties. In this journal, translation techniques of figures of speech in George Orwell's 1984 and Animal Farm and their Persian translations were compared on
the basis of Newmark’s and Larson’s theories of translation.
Qurrota (2013) in her article in Journal of English Language Teaching vol.
2(2) entitled “Translation Techniques of the Complex Sentences in Bilingual
Textbook Biology 1 For Senior High School Year X Published by Yudhistira”
found that literal translation is dominantly used by the translator in order to make the sentences are easily understood by the students because there were no deviated meaning in the text.
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that the translation technique that is dominantly used is literal translation because the researchers concluded that the translator wants to make tourists easily understand the brochure with using that technique dominantly.
Lestinayawati, Hartono and Sofwan (2014) in their article in English
Education Journal vol. 4(2) entitled “Translation Techniques Used by Students in
Translating English News Items” also found that literal translation is dominantly
used by the students as a technique in translating the source text with the highest used technique in which 149 of 225 sentences applied the technique.
Based on some previous studies above, the writer is attracted to conduct further study about translation techniques in the literary work. The literary work chosen by the writer that has been analyzed is a novel entitled The Hunger Games (2008). The Hunger Games is an English novel written by Suzzane Collins. The story is about the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who lives in the dystopian, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North American. The Capitol, a highly advanced metropolis,exercises political control over the rest of the nation. The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl aged 12–18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death.
Here are some sentences that contain some tranlations techniques that are found in the novel after reading it at a glance:
Transposition:
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TT: “Gaun yang cantik,” kata Gale.
From the sentence above, there is a change of structure in the text. The
adjective word “pretty” in ST put in the beginning of the sentence, but in TT, the
adjective word “cantik” put in the ending of the sentence.
Equivalence:
ST: R-i-i-i-p! I grit my teeth as Venia,...
TT: BRETTTTT! Aku merapatkan gigi ketika Venia,...
Here, the translator uses equivalence technique as he/she translates the
word “R-i-i-i-p!” becomes “BRETTTTT”.
Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in studying translation techniques in English into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”. Besides to get a deep understanding about translation techniques, this study is also challenging to be researched.
B. The Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study some problems are formulted as the following:
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2. What is the dominant translation technique applied in the English into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”?
C. The Objectives of the Study
Related to the problem of the study, the objectives of the study are:
1. To find out the translation techniques that applied in the English into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”?
2. To find out the dominant of translation technique applied in the English into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”?
D. The Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is limited to the translation techniques applied in
the novel “The Hunger Games” by Suzzane Collins and its translation into bahasa
Indonesia with the same title by Hetih Rusli. It consists of 27 chapters in the both
original and its tranlation novel “The Hunger Games”. This analysis was based on
the theory of translation techniques proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1977). They
propose seven techniques in doing a translation from Source Language to Target
Language. Those are literal translation, borrowing, calque, tranposition, modulation,
equivalence, and adaption.
E. The Significances of the Study
The findings of this study are expected to be useful and relevant to:
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2. The other researcher to use the findings as his/her reference in related subject.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions
Having analyzed the data, it is concluded that:
1. There are only six translation techniques, namely borrowing, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation. Not all the types of translation techniques applied in the novel “The Hunger Games”
2. Modulation belongs to the dominant technique in the novel “The Hunger Games” with frequency 128 items (43.84%), followed by transposition with frequency 89 items (30.48%), literal translation with frequency 40 items (13.70%), equivalence with frequency 18 items (6.16%), borrowing with frequency 10 items (3.42%) and adaptation with frequency 7 items (2.40%).
B. Suggestions
In relation to the discussion, it is suggested that:
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The findings of translation techniques in the novel “The Hunger Games” should encourage the readers in studying more about
translation techniques. 2. Practically for
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REFERENCES
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Fadaee, Elaheh. 2011. Translation techniques of figures of speech: A case study of George Orwell's "1984 and Animal Farm". Journal English and Literature, 2(8), pp. 174-181.
Hatim, Basil. 2001. Teaching and Researching Translation. Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited.
Jeremia, Denny. 2014. Translation Technique in Iphone 3GS Guide into Bahasa Indonesia. Medan: USU
Lestinayawati, Hartono & Sofwan, Ahmad. 2014. Translation Techniques Used by Students in Translating English News Items. English Education Journal vol. 4(2).Semarang: Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Molina, Lucia., & Albir, Hurtado. 2002. Translation Techniques Revisited: A Dynamic and Functionalist Approach: Meta Translators’ Journal, vol. 47. Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.
Munday, Jeremy., & Hatim, Basil. 2004. Translation: An Advanced Resource Book. London: Routledge.
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